JP4808031B2 - Gas burner - Google Patents

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JP4808031B2
JP4808031B2 JP2006011936A JP2006011936A JP4808031B2 JP 4808031 B2 JP4808031 B2 JP 4808031B2 JP 2006011936 A JP2006011936 A JP 2006011936A JP 2006011936 A JP2006011936 A JP 2006011936A JP 4808031 B2 JP4808031 B2 JP 4808031B2
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combustion
air
suction
secondary combustion
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JP2007192485A (en
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暁洋 松本
聡 吉本
伸章 林本
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Takuma KK
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Takuma KK
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本発明は、簡単な構造で排ガスの再循環および燃焼空気の分割による多段燃焼を可能にし、NOx濃度の低減を測ることができるガスバーナに関するものである。   The present invention relates to a gas burner that enables multistage combustion by recirculation of exhaust gas and division of combustion air with a simple structure and can measure a reduction in NOx concentration.

従来、燃焼機器などで燃焼に伴い発生する有害燃焼排気物の低減化について、特にNOxの低減化を図る技術については、種々の提案がなされている。その一例として燃焼空気を一次、二次に分割して供給する方法では、部分予混合式ガスバーナを用い、予混合気の噴出口部の下流域に薄膜円筒状の予混合気流を形成し、この予混合気流へ向けて外方から燃焼用二次空気を細分化して噴出させ、多数の小炎を形成することにより局部的な高温部を発生させずに完全燃焼させてNOxの低減化を図る方法が特許文献1によって知られている。   Conventionally, various proposals have been made on the technology for reducing NOx, particularly for reducing harmful combustion exhaust generated by combustion in a combustion device or the like. As an example, in the method of supplying combustion air by dividing it into primary and secondary, a partially premixed gas burner is used to form a thin-film cylindrical premixed airflow in the downstream area of the premixed gas outlet. The secondary air for combustion is subdivided and ejected from the outside toward the premixed airflow, and a large number of small flames are formed to completely burn without generating a local high temperature portion, thereby reducing NOx. A method is known from US Pat.

特許第3417367号公報Japanese Patent No. 3417367

しかし、従来の技術においては、前述のように二次空気を一次空気の供給ラインから分流して、一次燃焼部に吹き込むことで一次燃焼部で同時的に二次燃焼させるようにされている。したがって、燃焼排ガスと二次空気とを混合して燃焼部に供給し完全燃焼させるようにすることはできない。また、火炎の直進性を向上させることも困難であるので、例えば小型貫流ボイラに用いるバーナとした場合、燃焼効率を向上させ難いという問題がある。   However, in the prior art, as described above, the secondary air is diverted from the primary air supply line and blown into the primary combustion section to simultaneously perform secondary combustion in the primary combustion section. Therefore, combustion exhaust gas and secondary air cannot be mixed and supplied to the combustion section for complete combustion. In addition, since it is difficult to improve the straightness of the flame, for example, when a burner is used for a small once-through boiler, there is a problem that it is difficult to improve the combustion efficiency.

本発明は、このような事情に鑑みてなされたもので、簡易な構成で排ガスの再循環および燃焼空気の分割により多段混合して燃焼効率を高め、低NOx化を図ることができるガスバーナを提供することを目的とするものである。   The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and provides a gas burner capable of increasing combustion efficiency and reducing NOx by multistage mixing by recirculation of exhaust gas and division of combustion air with a simple configuration. It is intended to do.

前記目的を達成するために、本発明によるガスバーナは、
外筒の先端部内で燃料噴出口と同軸線上延長位置にラバルノズル形成部が設けられ、そのラバルノズル形成部の吸込み部の外周縁と前記外筒内面との間に分流空気の流通部が形成され、前記ラバルノズル形成部のディフューザ出口前方に、前記流通部で分岐された空気と燃焼排ガスとの混合による二次燃焼ガスの吸入部が設けられていることを特徴とするものである(第1発明)。
In order to achieve the above object, a gas burner according to the present invention comprises:
A Laval nozzle forming portion is provided at a position extending on the same axis as the fuel outlet in the front end portion of the outer cylinder, and a flow portion of the divided air is formed between the outer peripheral edge of the suction portion of the Laval nozzle forming portion and the inner surface of the outer cylinder, A secondary combustion gas suction part is provided in front of the diffuser outlet of the Laval nozzle forming part by mixing the air branched in the circulation part and combustion exhaust gas (first invention). .

前記発明において、前記ラバルノズル形成部のディフューザ出口前方位置に形成される二次燃焼ガスの吸入部は、前記ディフューザ出口よりも広い横断面で所要長さに形成されるとともに、予混合噴出ガスの流動方向に沿った側面に二次燃焼ガスの吸入孔が設けてあるのがよい(第2発明)。   In the present invention, the suction portion for the secondary combustion gas formed at the front position of the diffuser outlet of the Laval nozzle forming portion is formed in a required length with a wider cross section than the diffuser outlet, and the flow of the premixed jet gas It is preferable that a suction hole for the secondary combustion gas is provided on the side surface along the direction (second invention).

前記第2発明において、二次燃焼ガスの吸入部には、二次燃焼ガスの吸入孔の開度を調整する仕切板が付設されているのがよい(第3発明)。   In the second aspect of the invention, it is preferable that a partition plate for adjusting the opening degree of the secondary combustion gas intake hole is attached to the secondary combustion gas suction part (third aspect).

本発明によれば、簡単な構造で燃焼空気を一次、二次に分割して燃料と多段混合させ、燃焼効率を高めて低NOx化を図ることができる。また、このガスバーナを例えば小型貫流ボイラなどで使用する場合、バーナ周囲が燃焼排ガスで充満しているため、燃料と一次空気との混合気をラバルノズル形成部で高速流動化させて、前記燃焼排ガスと外筒内で分岐したフレッシュ空気とでなる酸素濃度の低い二次空気(二次燃焼ガス)を吸入して火炎に供給することにより、より効果的にNOxの低減を図ることができる。   According to the present invention, combustion air can be divided into primary and secondary with a simple structure and mixed with fuel in multiple stages to increase combustion efficiency and reduce NOx. In addition, when this gas burner is used, for example, in a small once-through boiler, since the periphery of the burner is filled with combustion exhaust gas, an air-fuel mixture of fuel and primary air is fluidized at a high speed in the Laval nozzle forming portion, and the combustion exhaust gas By sucking secondary air (secondary combustion gas) having a low oxygen concentration and fresh air branched in the outer cylinder and supplying it to the flame, NOx can be more effectively reduced.

また、本発明によれば、ラバルノズル形成部を具備させることにより、混合気を高速で噴出させて燃焼させることができるので、火炎の直進性が高く、幅の狭い火炎が得られるため、例えば小型貫流ボイラに用いれば、火炎流路が狭く、かつ曲進する場合でも火炎の形状や燃焼状態が側壁の影響を受け難い、という利点がある。したがって、この種の燃焼装置に使用して効果的である。   Further, according to the present invention, by providing the Laval nozzle forming portion, the air-fuel mixture can be jetted and burned at a high speed, so that a straight flame can be obtained and a narrow flame can be obtained. When used in a once-through boiler, there is an advantage that the shape and combustion state of the flame is hardly affected by the side wall even when the flame flow path is narrow and curved. Therefore, it is effective when used in this type of combustion apparatus.

次に、本発明によるガスバーナの具体的な実施の形態について、図面を参照しつつ説明する。     Next, specific embodiments of the gas burner according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

図1には、本発明の一実施形態に係るガスバーナの要部を模式的に表わす断面図が、図2には使用例を表わす模式図が、それぞれ示されている。   FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a main part of a gas burner according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an example of use.

本実施形態のガスバーナ10は、燃焼装置のバーナ取付部に装着できる取付構造(図示せず)を備えた外筒11と、この外筒11内に軸心線を揃えて先端部に向けて設けられる燃料ガスと燃焼用の空気とを混合噴出させる混合手段20と、燃料ガス供給手段12とで構成されている。   The gas burner 10 according to the present embodiment is provided with an outer cylinder 11 having an attachment structure (not shown) that can be attached to a burner attachment portion of a combustion apparatus, and an axial center line aligned in the outer cylinder 11 toward a distal end portion. The fuel gas and the combustion air are mixed and jetted, and the fuel gas supply means 12 is constituted.

前記外筒11は、所定の内法に形成されて、その内部中心線上に燃料ガス(例えば都市ガス)を供給する燃料ガス供給手段12が配置されている。また、外筒11の後端部(燃焼側と反対方向)には送風機による燃焼用の空気供給口13(具体的な図示省略)が接続されている。   The outer cylinder 11 is formed in a predetermined inner method, and fuel gas supply means 12 for supplying fuel gas (for example, city gas) is disposed on the inner center line. An air supply port 13 for combustion by a blower (specific illustration omitted) is connected to the rear end portion (opposite direction to the combustion side) of the outer cylinder 11.

前記混合手段20は、その主体がラバルノズル形状(以下、「ラバルノズル形成部21」という)にされ、前記外筒11内部で燃料ガス供給手段12のガス噴出口12aを通る軸心線a上にラバルノズル形成部21の軸心線が合致するようにして配置されている。   The mixing means 20 has a Laval nozzle shape (hereinafter referred to as “Laval nozzle forming portion 21”) as a main body, and a Laval nozzle on an axis line a passing through the gas outlet 12a of the fuel gas supply means 12 inside the outer cylinder 11. It arrange | positions so that the axial center line of the formation part 21 may correspond.

前記ラバルノズル形成部21は、入口部分22(本発明の吸込み部に対応)を中間のスロート部23に向かって絞縮するラッパ状に形成されて、その開口縁22aに前記外筒11の内壁面11aと所要の間隔を開けて空気の流通部15が形成されるように配置されている。また、ディフューザ24の先端にはその開口面積より広い面積で軸方向に所要長さで形成される二次燃焼ガスの吸入部26が連設されている。また、このラバルノズル形成部21は、前記入口部分22と前記燃料ガス供給手段12のガス噴出口12aとが一次空気の吸引を効果的に行える距離をとって配置されている。なお、ラバルノズル形成部21は外筒11に対してその姿勢が維持できるように外側部分で図示されない支持部材によって取付けられ支持されている。   The Laval nozzle forming portion 21 is formed in a trumpet shape that narrows the inlet portion 22 (corresponding to the suction portion of the present invention) toward the intermediate throat portion 23, and the inner wall surface of the outer cylinder 11 is formed at the opening edge 22 a. The air circulation part 15 is formed at a required distance from 11a. Further, a suction portion 26 of a secondary combustion gas that is formed in a predetermined length in the axial direction with an area wider than the opening area is connected to the tip of the diffuser 24. Further, the Laval nozzle forming portion 21 is disposed at a distance that allows the inlet portion 22 and the gas outlet 12a of the fuel gas supply means 12 to effectively suck the primary air. The Laval nozzle forming portion 21 is attached and supported by a support member (not shown) at the outer portion so that the posture can be maintained with respect to the outer cylinder 11.

前記ラバルノズル形成部21の先端側に設けられた二次燃焼ガスの吸入部26は、前記外筒11の先端から突き出すように配されて、側面に二次燃焼ガスの吸入孔27が設けられている。この吸入孔27についてはディフューザ24から高速で噴出される混合気の流速により二次燃焼ガスが誘引容易な形状、例えば軸方向に沿った長孔を複数設けるようにするのが望ましい。そして、その吸入孔27の外側には、吸入孔27の開口を調整する孔開きのスライド板28が付設され、二次燃焼ガスの吸入量を調整できるようにされている。   The secondary combustion gas suction part 26 provided on the front end side of the Laval nozzle forming part 21 is arranged so as to protrude from the front end of the outer cylinder 11, and a secondary combustion gas suction hole 27 is provided on the side surface. Yes. As for the suction hole 27, it is desirable to provide a plurality of shapes that allow the secondary combustion gas to be easily attracted by the flow velocity of the air-fuel mixture ejected from the diffuser 24, for example, a plurality of long holes along the axial direction. A perforated slide plate 28 for adjusting the opening of the suction hole 27 is attached to the outside of the suction hole 27 so that the suction amount of the secondary combustion gas can be adjusted.

このように構成されるガスバーナ10は、例えば小型貫流ボイラに付設して使用される。この際、燃料として都市ガスを用い、燃料ガス供給手段12によって供給し、一方、空気比1.0〜1.2となるように流量を制御された空気と燃料ガスとを混合させる。なお、空気比は目的に応じて調整されるため、例えば希薄燃焼による低NOx化を図る場合には、前記値以上の空気比とすることもあり、還元燃焼させる場合には前記値以下の空気比での運転も考えられる。   The gas burner 10 configured as described above is used by being attached to, for example, a small once-through boiler. At this time, city gas is used as the fuel and is supplied by the fuel gas supply means 12, while the air and the fuel gas whose flow rate is controlled to be an air ratio of 1.0 to 1.2 are mixed. Since the air ratio is adjusted according to the purpose, for example, when reducing NOx by lean combustion, the air ratio may be higher than the above value, and when reducing combustion, the air ratio may be lower than the above value. Ratio operation is also conceivable.

図1に矢印でもって表されるように、燃料ガス供給手段12の噴出口12aから供給される燃料ガスG(黒塗り矢印で示す)と空気A(白抜き矢印で示す)との予混合気G′(斜線入り矢印で示す)は、混合手段20のラバルノズル形成部21における入口部分22へ導入される。その予混合気はスロート部23で圧縮されてディフューザ24を通じ、圧力開放されると同時に高速で出口から噴出される。ディフューザ24の出口に連なる二次燃焼ガスの吸入部26では、流路が急拡大するために、噴出する予混合気の一部が再循環領域を形成しながら主流は直進する。この直進する予混合気に対して図示されないバーナ付設の着火手段で着火して燃焼させる。   As represented by arrows in FIG. 1, a premixed gas of fuel gas G (shown by a black arrow) and air A (shown by a white arrow) supplied from the jet port 12 a of the fuel gas supply means 12. G ′ (indicated by a hatched arrow) is introduced into the inlet portion 22 of the Laval nozzle forming portion 21 of the mixing means 20. The premixed gas is compressed at the throat portion 23 and released through the diffuser 24, and at the same time, it is ejected from the outlet at a high speed. In the suction portion 26 of the secondary combustion gas connected to the outlet of the diffuser 24, the flow path rapidly expands, so that the main stream goes straight while a part of the premixed gas to be ejected forms a recirculation region. The premixed gas that goes straight is ignited and burned by an ignition means provided with a burner (not shown).

一方、外筒11でラバルノズル形成部21の入口部分22における周縁22aと外筒内壁面11aとの間に形成された流通部15で分岐された空気A′が、外筒11先端の開口部16から外部に噴出する。この分割された空気A′は、前記ラバルノズル形成部21に繋がる二次燃焼ガスの吸入部26で噴出する予混合気G′の吐出力による誘引作用によって、その二次燃焼ガスの吸入部26に設けられた吸入孔27から内部に吸引され、火炎Fに向かって二次空気として供給される。   On the other hand, the air A ′ branched in the circulation portion 15 formed between the peripheral edge 22a of the inlet portion 22 of the Laval nozzle forming portion 21 and the outer cylinder inner wall surface 11a in the outer cylinder 11 is the opening 16 at the tip of the outer cylinder 11. Erupts outside. This divided air A ′ is attracted to the suction portion 26 of the secondary combustion gas by the attraction action by the discharge force of the premixed gas G ′ ejected from the suction portion 26 of the secondary combustion gas connected to the Laval nozzle forming portion 21. The air is sucked in from the provided suction holes 27 and supplied as secondary air toward the flame F.

前記二次燃焼ガスの吸入部26では、側面に設けられた吸入孔27がスリット状になっていて、ディフューザ24から噴出する予混合気G′の吐出力に伴う誘引作用で二次空気(空気A′)が流れに沿って吸引され、無理なく二次燃焼用空気として供給できる。そして、この二次燃焼ガスの吸入部26では、吸入孔27部分で二次燃焼の促進が、吸入孔のない部分で予混合気の再循環による保炎が行われる。   In the secondary combustion gas suction section 26, a suction hole 27 provided in the side surface is formed in a slit shape, and secondary air (air) is generated by an attraction action accompanying the discharge force of the premixed gas G ′ ejected from the diffuser 24. A ') is sucked along the flow and can be supplied as secondary combustion air without difficulty. In the secondary combustion gas suction section 26, the secondary combustion is promoted at the suction hole 27 portion, and the flame holding by recirculation of the premixed gas is performed at the portion without the suction hole.

前記吸入孔27は、スライド板28によって開口率が調整できるので、その調整で二次空気だけでなくバーナ周囲の燃焼排ガスGaをも吸引し、酸素濃度の低い二次空気を作成して火炎に向かって供給できるので、局所的高温の少ない燃焼を実現することができ、更なる低NOxを図ることができる。   Since the opening ratio of the suction hole 27 can be adjusted by the slide plate 28, not only the secondary air but also the combustion exhaust gas Ga around the burner is sucked by the adjustment, and the secondary air having a low oxygen concentration is created to create a flame. Therefore, combustion with less local high temperature can be realized, and further low NOx can be achieved.

また、二次燃焼ガスの吸入部26において、吸入孔27から流入する二次空気(二次燃焼ガス)は、外側から噴出している予混合気の主流に向かって流れるために、火炎の拡散(図1または図2において紙面に向かって左右方向への拡がり)を抑えるように作用し、火炎に直進性を持たせることが可能である。したがって、小型貫流ボイラのように火炎流路が狭く、曲進する場合でも、火炎形状や燃焼状態が影響を受け難く、効果的な燃焼が行われることになり有効である。   Further, in the secondary combustion gas suction section 26, the secondary air (secondary combustion gas) flowing in from the suction hole 27 flows toward the main flow of the premixed gas ejected from the outside, so that the flame is diffused. It acts to suppress (spread in the left-right direction toward the plane of the paper in FIG. 1 or FIG. 2), and it is possible to give the flame straightness. Therefore, even when the flame flow path is narrow and curved like a small once-through boiler, the flame shape and the combustion state are hardly affected, and effective combustion is performed, which is effective.

本発明の一実施形態に係るガスバーナの要部を模式的に表わす断面図Sectional drawing which represents typically the principal part of the gas burner which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. 使用例を表わす模式図Schematic diagram showing a usage example

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 燃焼室
10 ガスバーナ
11 外筒
12 燃料ガスの供給手段
15 分岐する空気の流通部
16 外筒先端の開口部
20 混合手段
21 ラバルノズル形成部
22 入口部分
24 ディフューザ
26 二次燃焼ガスの吸入部
27 吸入孔
28 スライド板
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Combustion chamber 10 Gas burner 11 Outer cylinder 12 Fuel gas supply means 15 Branching air flow part 16 Outer cylinder tip opening part 20 Mixing means 21 Laval nozzle forming part 22 Inlet part 24 Diffuser 26 Secondary combustion gas suction part 27 Suction Hole 28 Slide plate

Claims (3)

外筒の先端部内で燃料噴出口と同軸線上延長位置にラバルノズル形成部が設けられ、そのラバルノズル形成部の吸込み部の外周縁と前記外筒内面との間に分流空気の流通部が形成され、前記ラバルノズル形成部のディフューザ出口前方に、前記流通部で分岐された空気と燃焼排ガスとの混合による二次燃焼ガスの吸入部が設けられていることを特徴とするガスバーナ。   A Laval nozzle forming portion is provided at a position extending on the same axis as the fuel jet outlet in the tip of the outer cylinder, and a flow portion of the shunt air is formed between the outer peripheral edge of the suction portion of the Laval nozzle forming portion and the inner surface of the outer cylinder, A gas burner, characterized in that a suction portion for secondary combustion gas by mixing the air branched in the circulation portion and combustion exhaust gas is provided in front of the diffuser outlet of the Laval nozzle forming portion. 前記ラバルノズル形成部のディフューザ出口前方位置に形成される二次燃焼ガスの吸入部は、前記ディフューザ出口よりも広い横断面で所要長さに形成されるとともに、予混合噴出ガスの流動方向に沿った側面に二次燃焼ガスの吸入孔が設けてある請求項1に記載のガスバーナ。   The secondary combustion gas suction portion formed at the front position of the diffuser outlet of the Laval nozzle forming portion is formed to have a required length with a wider cross section than the diffuser outlet, and along the flow direction of the premixed jet gas. The gas burner according to claim 1, wherein a suction hole for secondary combustion gas is provided on a side surface. 前記二次燃焼ガスの吸入部には、二次燃焼ガスの吸入孔の開度を調整する仕切板が付設されている請求項2に記載のガスバーナ。   The gas burner according to claim 2, wherein a partition plate for adjusting an opening degree of the suction hole for the secondary combustion gas is attached to the suction portion for the secondary combustion gas.
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JP4808031B2 true JP4808031B2 (en) 2011-11-02

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JP5063203B2 (en) * 2007-06-08 2012-10-31 株式会社タクマ Gas burner
WO2011024814A1 (en) * 2009-08-28 2011-03-03 株式会社Istc Gas jet device
KR101209932B1 (en) * 2010-10-29 2012-12-10 기아자동차주식회사 A combustion type gas heater for vehicles
JP5714990B2 (en) * 2011-06-22 2015-05-07 日本化学工業株式会社 Method and apparatus for melting alkali metal silicate raw material
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JPS5324132A (en) * 1976-08-16 1978-03-06 Borukano Kk Low nox gas burner
JP3417367B2 (en) * 1999-10-25 2003-06-16 三浦工業株式会社 Low NOx combustion method and partially premixed gas low NOx burner
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