JP4804797B2 - Control method for variable capacity compressor for air conditioner and torque calculation device for variable capacity compressor - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a control method for a variable capacity compressor (hereinafter referred to as “variable capacity compressor”) provided in a refrigeration cycle of a vehicle air conditioner, a torque calculation device and a torque calculation method for a variable capacity compressor.

  This type of variable displacement compressor varies the refrigerant discharge capacity by an external control signal in order to save power. If the discharge capacity of the refrigerant is variable, the load on the engine fluctuates. Therefore, the engine control side needs to control the intake air amount (fuel supply amount) in order to prevent, for example, engine stall or idling in the idling mode. Since the engine control side performs such control, it is necessary to recognize the torque of the variable displacement compressor, and various torque calculation devices have been proposed. The present applicant also previously proposed a torque calculation device with high estimation accuracy (see Patent Document 1).

  The torque calculation device for the variable capacity compressor includes an indoor air volume calculating unit that calculates an indoor air volume that flows into the vehicle compartment through the evaporator, and an evaporator air absorption device that calculates the evaporator air heat absorption amount by changing the indoor air volume and the enthalpy before and after the evaporator. A calorific value calculation unit; a refrigerant flow rate calculation unit that calculates a flow rate of refrigerant flowing through the evaporator according to changes in the evaporator air heat absorption amount and refrigerant enthalpy before and after the evaporator; and a compressor drive torque calculation unit that calculates the torque of the compressor using the calculated refrigerant flow rate It consists of and. This torque calculation device can calculate torque with high estimation accuracy by taking into consideration the flow rate of refrigerant flowing through the evaporator of the refrigeration cycle.

  The variable displacement compressor controls the target blowout temperature by changing the duty ratio of the input signal to the control valve according to the relationship between the target blowout temperature and the actual blowout temperature. . For example, if the temperature that is actually blown out is higher than the target temperature, the duty ratio is increased to increase the amount of work of the compressor and to lower the temperature to obtain the target blowing temperature.

In the opposite case (if the actual blown temperature is lower than the target blowing temperature), the duty ratio of the input signal to the control valve is lowered to reduce the work of the compressor so that the target blowing temperature is obtained. Try to raise the temperature.
JP 2003-278660 A

  However, after the compressor is started, when the actual blown-out temperature approaches the target blowing temperature, the duty ratio decreases and stabilizes. At this time, the compressor torque starts to decrease, but the compressor suction side pressure In the variable compressor of Ps control, the compressor side is not variable unless the value is equal to or less than the set Ps corresponding to the duty ratio.

  On the other hand, since the compressor torque control calculates the estimated torque based on the duty ratio, the torque is calculated according to the duty ratio. For this reason, a deviation from the estimated torque occurs. As a result, the blowing temperature may increase.

  Therefore, the present invention eliminates the difference between the estimated torque and the actual torque of the compressor, and prevents a rise in the blowing temperature, and a control method for a variable capacity compressor for an air conditioner and a torque calculation apparatus for a variable capacity compressor. For the purpose of provision.

The invention according to claim 1, which achieves the above object, determines a target evaporator outlet side outlet temperature based on a target outlet temperature, and controls the capacity of the compressor according to the target evaporator outlet side outlet temperature. Control method,
The low pressure pressure is detected to adjust the valve opening, and the suction pressure can be controlled by a control valve having an external control means for displacing the valve opening by an external signal.
The capacity of the compressor is controlled by the duty ratio of the input signal to the control valve,
Temperature balloon than the target evaporator outlet air temperature is rather high, the duty ratio of the input signal to the control valve is equal to or larger than a predetermined value running at maximum capacity the compressor, the temperature blowoff blowoff temperature-side target evaporator outlet when reaching, it characterized the TURMERIC line capacity control operation by outputting an input signal to the control valve in the first duty ratio.
Invention of Claim 2 is the control method of the variable capacity compressor for air conditioners of Claim 1, Comprising:
The capacity of the compressor is controlled by the duty ratio of the input signal to the control valve,
After performing the capacity control operation at the first duty ratio, when the temperature difference between the target evaporator outlet side outlet temperature and the outlet temperature is within a predetermined range, the target evaporator outlet side outlet temperature is obtained based on the target outlet temperature. The duty ratio to the control valve is calculated, and the capacity control is performed based on the calculated duty ratio.
Invention of Claim 3 is the control method of the variable capacity compressor for air conditioners of Claim 1 or Claim 2, Comprising:
When the evaporator outlet side air temperature becomes higher than the target evaporator outlet side air temperature within a predetermined time after the first duty ratio is output as the input signal to the control valve, the second duty ratio is output. The capacity control is performed.

The invention according to claim 4 is a torque calculation device for a variable capacity compressor for an air conditioner that determines a target evaporator outlet side outlet temperature based on the target outlet temperature and controls the capacity of the compressor according to the target evaporator outlet side outlet temperature. There,
The low pressure pressure is detected to adjust the valve opening, and the suction pressure can be controlled by a control valve having an external control means for displacing the valve opening by an external signal.
The capacity of the compressor is controlled by the duty ratio of the input signal to the control valve,
When the blowout temperature is higher than the target evaporator outlet side blowout temperature and the duty ratio of the input signal to the control valve is equal to or greater than the predetermined value, the compressor is operated at the maximum capacity, and the blowout temperature reaches the target evaporator outlet blowout temperature. Then, a capacity control operation is performed by outputting an input signal to the control valve at a first duty ratio, and a torque of the compressor is calculated based on the signal of the first duty ratio.
The invention according to claim 5 is a torque calculation device for a variable capacity compressor for an air conditioner that determines a target evaporator outlet side outlet temperature based on the target outlet temperature and controls the capacity of the compressor according to the target evaporator outlet side outlet temperature. There,
The low pressure pressure is detected to adjust the valve opening, and the suction pressure can be controlled by a control valve having an external control means for displacing the valve opening by an external signal.
The capacity of the compressor is controlled by the duty ratio of the input signal to the control valve,
Temperature balloon than the target evaporator outlet air temperature is rather high, the duty ratio of the input signal to the control valve is equal to or larger than a predetermined value running at maximum capacity the compressor, the temperature blowoff blowoff temperature-side target evaporator outlet When the output reaches the control valve, a capacity control operation is performed by outputting an input signal to the control valve at a first duty ratio, and within a predetermined time after the output of the first duty ratio, the evaporator outlet side air temperature is changed to a target evaporator. When the air temperature becomes higher than the outlet side air temperature, a capacity control operation is performed by outputting at a second duty ratio, and the torque of the compressor is calculated based on each duty ratio signal.
A torque calculation device for a variable capacity compressor for an air conditioner according to claim 6,
The capacity of the compressor is controlled by the duty ratio of the input signal to the control valve,
After performing the capacity control operation at the first duty ratio, when the temperature difference between the target evaporator outlet side outlet temperature and the outlet temperature is within a predetermined range, the target evaporator outlet side outlet temperature is obtained based on the target outlet temperature. The duty ratio to the control valve is calculated, and the capacity control is performed based on the calculated duty ratio.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, when the blowing temperature is higher than the target evaporator outlet side temperature, the compressor is operated at the maximum capacity, and when the blowing temperature reaches the target evaporator outlet side temperature, the capacity control is performed with the first duty ratio. Since the operation is performed, the responsiveness of the compressor is accelerated, the deviation from the estimated torque is reduced, and the rise of the blowing temperature can be suppressed.
According to the invention of claim 2, the same effect as that of claim 1 can be obtained.
According to the invention of claim 3, the same effect as that of claim 1 or claim 2 can be obtained.

According to the invention of claim 4, when the blowing temperature is higher than the target evaporator outlet side temperature, the compressor is operated at the maximum capacity, and when the blowing temperature reaches the target evaporator outlet side temperature, the capacity control is performed with the first duty ratio. Since the operation is performed, the responsiveness of the compressor is accelerated, the deviation from the estimated torque is reduced, and the torque with high estimation accuracy can be calculated.
According to the invention of claim 5 , when the blowing temperature is higher than the target evaporator outlet side temperature, the compressor is operated at the maximum capacity, and when the blowing temperature reaches the target evaporator outlet side temperature, the capacity control is performed with the first duty ratio. Since the operation is performed, the responsiveness of the compressor is accelerated, the deviation from the estimated torque is reduced, and the estimated torque can be easily predicted when the blowing temperature reaches the target evaporator outlet side temperature.
According to the invention of claim 6, the same effect as that of claim 5 can be obtained.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  1 to 11 show an embodiment to which a variable displacement compressor control method, a variable displacement compressor torque calculation device, and a torque calculation method according to the present invention are applied. 1 is a system diagram of a vehicle air conditioner 6, FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a variable displacement compressor 8, FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating variable displacement control of the variable displacement compressor 8, and FIG. 4 corresponds to the Mollier line and this. FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram of the compressor suction side pressure and the compressor discharge side pressure with the duty ratio as a parameter, and FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a case where the refrigeration cycle load (evaporator load) is constant. FIG. 7 is a characteristic diagram of the compressor discharge-side pressure and torque with the duty ratio as a parameter. FIG. 7 shows a case where the compressor duty ratio is constant (60%) and the refrigeration cycle load (air temperature of the evaporator intake air (° C.)). ), Humidity (%), blower voltage (V)), and the compressor discharge side pressure and torque characteristic diagram when FIG. When the tee ratio is constant (60%) and the refrigeration cycle load (evaporator intake air temperature (° C), humidity (%), blower voltage (V)) is varied, the torque and the pre-evaporation temperature 9 is a characteristic diagram of the ratio between the difference and the compressor discharge side pressure, FIG. 9 is a flowchart of torque calculation processing, and FIG. 10 is a characteristic diagram of the estimated torque calculated by the present embodiment and the actual torque actually measured.

  In FIG. 1, an engine 1 has a fuel injector 2 for fuel injection. The fuel injector 2 is controlled by a control signal from the engine control unit 3, and the engine speed is changed to a predetermined speed by the control of the fuel injector 2. The radiator 4 is connected to the engine 1 via a cooling water pipe (particularly, without reference numerals).

  The refrigeration cycle 7 of the vehicle air conditioner 6 includes a variable capacity compressor 8, a condenser 9, a liquid tank 10, a temperature type automatic expansion valve 11, an evaporator 12, and refrigerant piping (particularly without reference numerals) connecting them. It is configured.

  The variable capacity compressor 8 is driven by the rotation of the engine 1 and sends the low-temperature and low-pressure vaporized refrigerant sent from the evaporator 12 to the condenser 9 as a high-temperature and high-pressure vaporized refrigerant. The variable displacement compressor 8 has a control valve 13. The control valve 13 varies the refrigerant discharge capacity according to the duty ratio of a control pulse signal that is an external control signal from the air conditioning control unit 14. Detailed configuration of the variable displacement compressor 8 and variable displacement control will be described below.

  The capacitor 9 is disposed on the front surface of the radiator 4. The condenser 9 cools the high-temperature and high-pressure vaporized refrigerant to the condensing point by the running wind or the wind of the cooling electric fan 15 to obtain a high-pressure intermediate-temperature liquefied refrigerant. Then, the high-pressure and intermediate-temperature liquefied refrigerant is sent to the liquid tank 10.

  The liquid tank 10 removes moisture and dust contained in the high-pressure and intermediate-temperature liquefied refrigerant and stores the refrigerant so that the refrigerant can be supplied smoothly. The liquefied refrigerant stored in this way is sent to the temperature type automatic expansion valve 11.

  The temperature-type automatic expansion valve 11 rapidly expands the high-pressure and intermediate-temperature liquefied refrigerant and sends it to the evaporator 12 as a low-pressure and low-temperature mist-like liquefied refrigerant.

  The evaporator 12 evaporates the mist-like liquefied refrigerant by taking away the heat of the blast sent to the vehicle interior by the blower fan 16 to obtain a low-pressure and low-temperature vaporized refrigerant. Then, the low-pressure and low-temperature vaporized refrigerant is sent to the variable capacity compressor 8.

  The cooling electric fan 15 is rotated by the driving force of the fan motor 17.

  There is an inside / outside air switching box 39 on the suction side of the blower fan 16, and there is an inside air suction port 42 that sucks in the inside air that is air inside the vehicle interior and an outside air suction port 43 that sucks outside air that is outside the vehicle interior. Note that the inside / outside air switching door 40 disposed in the inside / outside air switching box 39 can switch the suction to the inside air and / or the outside air.

  The blower fan 16 is rotated by the driving force of the blower fan motor 19. When the blower fan 16 rotates, the inside air that is the air inside the vehicle interior and / or the outside air that is outside the vehicle interior are sucked, and the sucked air is pumped to the evaporator 12, and the cooled air is blown into the vehicle interior. The blower fan motor 19 is driven by a drive control signal from the air conditioning control unit 14.

  The engine control unit 3 is connected to the air conditioning control unit 14 via a bidirectional communication line. Sensor detection data of the engine control sensor group 20 is input to the engine control unit 3, and the engine control unit 3 controls the engine 1 based on these sensor detection data and engine control commands. The engine control sensor group 20 includes a vehicle speed sensor 20a, an engine rotation sensor 20b, an accelerator opening sensor 20c, an idle switch 20d, and the like.

  The air conditioning control unit 14 includes a fan motor control unit 14a, a compressor capacity control unit 14b, a compressor torque calculation unit 14c that is a compressor torque calculation device, and the like. The fan motor control unit 14a controls driving of the fan motor 17 as described above. The compressor capacity control unit 14b controls the control valve 13 as described above. The compressor torque calculation unit 14c calculates the torque of the variable displacement compressor 8 by executing the flow shown in FIG. This torque calculation process will be described in detail below.

  Further, sensor detection data of the air conditioning control sensor group 21 is input to the air conditioning control unit 14, and the air conditioning control unit 14 controls the variable capacity compressor 8, the blower fan motor 19 and the like based on the sensor detection data and the air conditioning control command. . The air conditioning control sensor group 21 is an existing sensor that is normally installed in the vehicle air conditioner 6, and includes an air conditioner switch 21a, a mode switch 21b, a differential switch 21c, an auto switch 21d, a FRE switch 21e, a REC switch 21f, and a temperature adjustment switch. 21g, an off switch 21h, an inside air temperature sensor 21i that is an inside air temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature inside the vehicle interior, an outside air temperature sensor 21j that is an outside air temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of the outside air, a solar radiation sensor 21k, and an outlet side of the evaporator 12 A suction temperature sensor 21l that is an air temperature detection means, a water temperature sensor 21m, a refrigerant pressure sensor 21n that detects a compressor discharge side pressure of the variable capacity compressor 8, and the like.

  The inside / outside air switching door controls the drive unit 41 based on selection of outside air suction (FRE) or inside air suction (REC) by a FRE switch (not shown) or a REC switch (not shown), or an air conditioning control command. And the inside / outside air switching door 40 is switched.

  In FIG. 2, the variable displacement compressor 8 includes a housing 22 having a plurality of housing bores 22a formed in the circumferential direction, a rotary shaft 24 that is disposed at the center position of the housing 22 and rotated by the rotation of the pulley 23, A swash plate 26 connected to the rotary shaft 24 via a swash plate driving body 25, and reciprocatingly moves in each housing bore 22a according to the rotation of the swash plate 26. This reciprocating stroke is determined by the inclination angle of the swash plate 26. A plurality of variable pistons 27 and a control valve 13 that controls the refrigerant discharge capacity by changing the inclination angle of the swash plate 26 by changing the crank chamber pressure Pc acting on the back surface of the piston 27. .

  The air conditioning control unit 14 calculates a target blowing temperature, a blowing air volume, and the like from the target indoor temperature set by the occupant and the detection values of various sensors. At this time, the target evaporator outlet side air temperature and the duty ratio of the control valve 13 are also calculated. The control valve 13 controls the capacity of the variable capacity compressor 8 according to the calculated duty ratio.

  The air conditioning control unit 14 calculates a target blowout temperature from the air conditioner, a blowout air volume, and the like from the detection values of various sensors and the target indoor temperature set by the occupant by the temperature adjustment switch. At this time, the target evaporator outlet side blowing temperature is obtained, and further the duty ratio of the compressor is calculated. The control valve of the compressor adjusts the capacity of the compressor based on the calculated duty ratio.

  As described above, the target blowing temperature and the blowing air volume are compared, and the duty ratio of the input signal to the compressor is calculated in a direction to eliminate the difference between the target blowing temperature and the blowing air volume. Therefore, stable operation is achieved if the target is reached.

  However, the compressor suction-side pressure Ps is controlled by applying the compressor suction-side pressure Ps to the diaphragm 32 as shown in FIG. 3 so that the compressor suction-side pressure Ps is kept constant. In the variable displacement control that is changed as shown in FIG. 5, since the compressor suction side pressure Ps control is performed as described above, even if the calculated duty ratio falls from 100%, the target suction side pressure Ps is still reached. If not, the compressor is at maximum capacity. For this reason, deviation occurs when the torque is estimated from the duty ratio.

  For this reason, the duty ratio is always calculated, but if the calculated duty ratio is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, a 100% duty ratio is output until the target evaporator outlet air temperature is achieved (in the embodiment, as shown in FIG. 11). Thus, when the evaporator outlet side air temperature has reached the target, the first duty ratio is output. Here, the first duty ratio is small enough to reliably control the capacity, and is about 50% in the embodiment. Thereafter, the steady duty ratio is calculated and controlled again.

  If the evaporator outlet side air temperature> the target evaporator outlet side air temperature within a predetermined time (about 10 seconds) after the output of the first duty ratio, as shown in FIG. The second duty ratio (65%) larger than the ratio is increased stepwise.

  After that, normal duty control is performed again. When the duty ratio exceeds the third duty ratio larger than the first and second without being stabilized, the maximum duty ratio is output.

  As described above, as shown in FIG. 11, the reason for changing from 100% to 50% and 75% or more to 100% is to speed up the response of the compressor. It is considered so that the response is not delayed by the mechanical loss of the compressor.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the control valve 13 includes a control body 28 that is disposed so as to be reciprocally movable with respect to the housing 22. In this control body 28, the high pressure ball 31 that controls the refrigerant flow rate from the high pressure chamber 29 to the crank chamber 30 by the lift amount, the diaphragm 32 on which the compressor suction side pressure Ps is applied, and the spring force of the set spring 33 are applied. The spring receiving portion 34 is integrally formed, and is formed so as to receive an electromagnetic force generated by energization of the electromagnetic coil 35 in the moving direction. The electromagnetic coil 35 is energized with the duty ratio of the control pulse signal from the air conditioning control unit 14, and an electromagnetic force proportional to the duty ratio acts on the control body 28. Thereby, the lift amount of the high-pressure ball 31 is varied, and the inclination angle of the swash plate 26 is varied by the lift amount of the high-pressure ball 31. As described above, the refrigerant discharge capacity of the variable capacity compressor 8 is controlled by the duty ratio of the control pulse signal sent from the air conditioning control unit 14 to the control valve 13. The variable capacity compressor 8 controls the refrigerant discharge capacity as shown in FIG. 5 by adjusting the refrigerant flow rate from the high pressure chamber 29 to the crank chamber 30, so that the compressor intake is determined from the duty ratio and the compressor discharge side pressure. The side pressure can be almost specified.

  In the variable capacity compressor 8 of the present embodiment, the compressor discharge side pressure Pd and the compressor shown in the duty = 0% diagram (dashed line) in FIG. 5 in a state where the electromagnetic coil 35 is not energized (duty ratio = 0%). The diaphragm 32 and the set spring 33 of the control valve 13 are set so as to satisfy the relationship of the suction side pressure Ps.

  For example, in a state where the compressor suction side pressure is very high (for example, 500 KPa), as shown in FIG. 3, a pressure of 500 KPa acts on the diaphragm 32, and the control body 28 and the high-pressure ball 31 are pushed down to be fully closed. Since the crank chamber 30 communicates with the suction chamber 50 via the communication passage 54, the inside of the crank chamber 30 is equivalent to the low pressure chamber pressure, that is, the compressor suction side pressure Ps, and the stroke amount of the piston 27 is maximum, that is, variable. The capacity of the capacity compressor 8 is maximized.

  Then, the compressor suction side pressure gradually decreases, and as the duty = 0% diagram is approached, the pressure acting on the diaphragm 32 also decreases, and the amount by which the control body 28 and the high-pressure ball 31 are pushed down decreases. The amount of refrigerant flowing in is reduced. Then, since the rate of increase in pressure acting on the back surface of the piston 27 is reduced, the stroke amount of the piston 27 is reduced, the capacity is controlled, and the compressor suction side pressure is stabilized at duty = 0%.

  When a control pulse signal is output from the air conditioning control unit 14 to the control valve 13 so that the duty ratio is 60%, the variable displacement compressor 8 causes the compressor discharge side pressure in the duty = 60% diagram (short dashed line). It is controlled so as to have a relationship between Pd and the compressor suction side pressure Ps.

  For example, when the electromagnetic coil 35 is energized, but the compressor suction side pressure is very high (for example, 500 KPa), a pressure of 500 KPa acts on the diaphragm 32, and the stroke amount of the piston 27 is maximum as described above. Thus, the capacity of the variable displacement compressor 8 is maximized.

  Then, the compressor suction side pressure gradually decreases, and as the duty = 60% diagram is approached, the pressure acting on the diaphragm 32 also decreases, and the amount of depression of the control body 28 and the high-pressure ball 31 decreases. The amount of refrigerant flowing in is reduced. Then, since the rate of increase of the pressure acting on the back surface of the piston 27 is reduced, the stroke amount of the piston 27 is reduced, the capacity is controlled, and the compressor suction side pressure is stabilized at duty = 60%.

  Next, the torque of the variable capacity compressor 8 is converted into the pre-evaporation temperature difference data, which is the temperature difference between the inlet side air temperature of the evaporator 12 and the outlet side air temperature of the evaporator 12, the compressor discharge side pressure data, and the control valve 13. The reason why it can be calculated from the duty ratio data that is the external control signal to be controlled and the compressor rotation speed data will be described.

  As a theoretical formula for obtaining the torque Tc of the variable displacement compressor 8, there is the following formula (1).

Tc = (i1-i2) × Gr × ηm / Nc (1)
Here, i1 is the compressor discharge refrigerant enthalpy, i2 is the compressor suction refrigerant enthalpy, Gr is the refrigerant flow rate, ηm is the compressor machine efficiency, and Nc is the compressor rotation speed.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the compressor discharge refrigerant enthalpy i1 and the compressor suction refrigerant enthalpy i2 can be expressed by functions of i1 = f (Pd) and i2 = f (Ps), respectively. It can be represented by the following formula (2).

Tc = {f (Pd) −f (Ps)} × Gr × ηm / Nc (2)
In the equation (2), ηm varies depending on the compressor compression ratio (Pd / Ps) and the refrigerant flow rate Gr, and is a value specific to the compressor model. Since Nc is a known value, if the compressor discharge side pressure Pd, the compressor suction side pressure Ps, and the refrigerant flow rate Gr can be read, the torque can be estimated.

  The compressor discharge side pressure Pd can be read from the sensor detection value of the refrigerant pressure sensor 21n. Since the compressor suction side pressure Ps is controlled by the duty ratio of the control pulse signal to the control valve 13 in the variable displacement compressor 8, the compressor suction side pressure Ps can be read from the compressor discharge side pressure Pd and the duty ratio. That is, as shown in FIG. 5, since the compressor suction side pressure Ps and the compressor discharge side pressure Pd show a predetermined characteristic line depending on the duty ratio, the compressor is controlled by the duty ratio and the compressor discharge side pressure Pd which are external control signals. The suction side pressure Ps can be almost specified.

  Therefore, the above formula (2) can be expressed by the following formula (3).

Tc = {f (Pd) −f (Pd, duty ratio)} × Gr × ηm / Nc (3)
Formula (3) can be further summarized by the following formula (4).

Tc = F1 (Pd, duty ratio) × Gr × ηm / Nc (4)
Next, the variable of Expression (4) is narrowed down. The correlation between the compressor discharge side pressure Pd and the torque Tc when the duty ratio is a parameter when the refrigeration cycle load (evaporator intake load) is constant (25 ° C., humidity 50%, air flow (blower voltage 5 V)) is As shown in FIG. From FIG. 6, it can be considered that the torque Tc can be sufficiently estimated from the compressor discharge side pressure Pd and the duty ratio on a duty ratio basis.

  Therefore, if the refrigeration cycle load (evaporator intake load) is constant, Gr is expressed as a function of f1 (Pd, Ps) and ηm is expressed as a function of f2 (Pd, Pd). Therefore, the equation (4) can be expressed by the following equation (5).

Tc = F (Pd, duty ratio) / Nc (5)
Next, it is verified what kind of torque fluctuation occurs when the refrigeration cycle load (evaporator intake load) changes. When the intake air temperature of the evaporator 12 is set to a constant 25 ° C. and the humidity and the air flow rate (voltage to the blower fan motor 19) are changed, a correlation between the compressor discharge side pressure Pd and the torque Tc is recognized as shown in FIG. It is done. That is, when the torque in the variable region is different and the refrigeration cycle load (evaporator intake load) changes, the refrigerant flow rate Gr changes. Therefore, an element for estimating the refrigerant flow rate Gr is necessary, and this element is examined from the following formula of the cooling performance by the evaporator load.

If the evaporator refrigerant heat absorption amount is Qevap, the evaporator inlet side refrigerant enthalpy is i3, and the evaporator outlet side enthalpy is i2 (the same symbol is used for the compressor inlet side enthalpy),
Qevap = (i3-i2) × Gr (6)
Therefore, Gr = Qevap / (i3-i2) (7)
Here, the evaporator air heat absorption amount Qevap (air) can be expressed by the following equation.

Qevap (air) = {(pre-evacuation air heat absorption amount) − (post-evacuation air heat absorption amount)} × (eva air amount) / (air specific volume)
The evaporator refrigerant heat absorption amount Qevap is the same value as the evaporator air heat absorption amount Qevap (air), and is proportional to the temperature difference between the evaporator inlet side air temperature and the outlet side air temperature. Therefore, the evaporator refrigerant heat absorption amount Qevap ) Can be estimated by reading. Therefore, it can be expressed as a function of Qevap = f (Δt).

  Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the evaporator inlet side enthalpy i3 and the evaporator outlet side enthalpy i2 can be expressed by functions of i3 = f (Pd) and i2 = f (Ps), respectively, and therefore the above equation (7) Can be represented by the following formula (8).

Gr = f3 (Δt) / f4 (Pd) −f (Pd, duty ratio) (8)
Since the above equation (8) is a function of the denominator Pd and the duty ratio, this can be summarized by the following equation (9).

Gr = f3 (Δt) / F2 (Pd, duty ratio) (9)
From this equation (9) and the above equation (4), the torque Tc can be expressed by the following equation (10).

Tc = F1 (Pd, duty ratio) × {f3 (Δt) / F2 (Pd, duty ratio)} / Nc (10)
The above formula (10) is further summarized into the following formula (11).

Tc = f (Δt) / f (Pd, duty ratio) / Nc (11)
If the relationship between Δt / Pd and torque Tc is expressed in a graph from the above torque calculation formula (11), it is as shown in FIG. FIG. 8 shows that the difference in the evaporator load (intake humidity, air flow) can be absorbed. As described above, the torque Tc of the variable displacement compressor 8 is obtained by adjusting the front-rear temperature difference Δt, which is the temperature difference between the inlet side air temperature of the evaporator 12 and the outlet side air temperature of the evaporator, the compressor discharge side pressure Pd, and the control valve 13. It can be calculated from the duty ratio of the control pulse signal to be controlled and the compressor rotation speed Nc.

  In the present embodiment, in order to easily calculate the torque Tc of the variable capacity compressor 8 at idling or at the time of fuel cut at the time of deceleration, in the above equation (11), a constant value (when idling or at the time of deceleration) is used as the compressor rotation speed Nc. (Normal rotation value at the time of fuel cut) is used, and the pre-evaporation temperature difference Δt and the compressor discharge side pressure Pd are used as variable terms, and are determined based on the measured values in the actual vehicle according to the duty ratio and the pre-evaporation temperature difference Δt. The following torque calculation formula (12) is used in which the data values to be set are constant terms A and B.

Tc = A × LN (Pd / Δt) + B (12)
The compressor torque calculation unit 14c stores the torque calculation formula (12) and the data values of the constant terms A and B obtained by measurement under various conditions in an external or built-in memory (not shown), and calculates the torque. The torque is calculated by inputting each data corresponding to the variable term and the constant term of Expression (12) and executing the calculation.

  Next, torque calculation processing of the variable capacity compressor 8 at the time of idling, fuel cut at deceleration, etc. will be described based on the flow of FIG. As shown in FIG. 9, first, it is determined whether the intake door (not shown) is at the outside air introduction position or the inside air circulation position based on the output information from the FRE switch 21e and the REC switch 21f (step S1). If it is the outside air introduction position, the detected temperature of the outside air temperature sensor 21j is taken as the evaporator inlet side air temperature, and the outside temperature sensor recognition value obtained by delay-correcting this detected data is input to the compressor torque calculation unit 14c (step S2). If it is the inside air circulation position, the detected temperature of the inside air temperature sensor 21i is taken in as the evaporator inlet side air temperature, and the inside air temperature sensor recognition value obtained by delay-correcting this detected data is input to the compressor torque calculation unit 14c (step S3).

  Next, the detected temperature of the suction temperature sensor 21l that is the evaporator outlet side air temperature is taken in, and the suction temperature sensor recognition value obtained by delay-correcting the detected data is input to the compressor torque calculation unit 14c (step S4).

  Next, the temperature difference data Δt before and after the evaporation is calculated from the above data (step S5). That is, if the outside air is introduced, the suction temperature sensor recognition value is subtracted from the outside air temperature sensor recognition value, and if it is the inside air circulation, the suction temperature sensor recognition value is subtracted from the inside air temperature sensor recognition value to obtain the temperature difference data Δt before and after the evaporation. Is calculated.

  Next, the detected pressure of the refrigerant pressure sensor 21n is taken in, and the compressor discharge side pressure recognition value obtained by delay-correcting the detected data is input to the compressor torque calculation unit 14c (step S6).

  Next, the duty ratio of the control pulse signal sent from the compressor capacity control unit 14b to the control valve 13 is input to the compressor torque calculation unit 14c (step S7).

  Next, the compressor torque calculation unit 14c calculates the torque by inputting the obtained data into the torque calculation formula (12) and executing the calculation (step S8). Then, the calculated torque is transmitted to the engine control unit 3 (step S9). By repeating the above processing, the torque of the variable displacement compressor 8 is calculated in real time. The engine control unit 3 controls the intake air amount (fuel supply amount) to prevent, for example, engine stall or idling in the idling mode, based on the transmitted torque.

  As described above, provided in the refrigeration cycle 7 of the vehicle air conditioner 6, the refrigerant discharge capacity is controlled by the duty ratio of the control pulse signal, and the compressor suction side pressure is substantially controlled by the duty ratio of the control pulse signal and the compressor discharge side pressure. In the variable capacity compressor 8 that can be specified, the temperature difference data Δt before and after the evaporator, which is the temperature difference between the inlet side air temperature of the evaporator 12 and the outlet side air temperature of the evaporator, compressor discharge side pressure data Pd, duty ratio data, and compressor rotation The torque is calculated based on the numerical data Nc. That is, the fact that the compressor suction side pressure Ps can be substantially specified by the duty ratio of the control pulse signal and the compressor discharge side pressure Pd, and when the evaporator intake load as the load of the refrigeration cycle 7 is constant, the refrigerant flow rate Gr And the compressor mechanical efficiency ηm is obtained as a function of the duty ratio and the compressor discharge side pressure Pd, and when the evaporator intake load as the load of the refrigeration cycle 7 fluctuates, the value of the changing refrigerant flow rate Gr is used as the evaporator refrigerant heat absorption amount. Can be estimated from the temperature difference data of the evaporator inlet side air temperature and the evaporator outlet air temperature, and using these relationships, the temperature difference data Δt before and after the evaporator, the compressor discharge side pressure data Pd, the duty ratio data, and the compressor rotational speed data Nc Torque was calculated based on this. Therefore, by considering the refrigerant flow rate Gr flowing through the evaporator 12 of the refrigeration cycle, it is possible to calculate a torque with high estimation accuracy.

  In the outside air introduction mode, the outside air temperature detection value is used as the inlet side air temperature of the evaporator 12, and in the inside air circulation mode, the room temperature detection value is used as the inlet side air temperature of the evaporator 12. Therefore, the outside air introduction mode is normally installed in the vehicle air conditioner 6. There is no need to install new sensors other than existing sensors.

  In the above embodiment, since a constant value is used as the compressor rotation speed data Nc, the compressor rotation speed Nc is obtained when the compressor rotation speed Nc is substantially constant at a predetermined rotation speed, such as when idling or during fuel deceleration. Data can be reduced and calculation of torque calculation formula becomes easy.

  In the above embodiment, a part of the temperature difference data Δt before and after the evaporation, the compressor discharge side pressure data Pd, the duty ratio data, and the compressor rotation speed data Nc are used as variable terms, and the data determined based on the data contents is a constant term A. , B, and the data values of the constant terms A, B obtained by measurement under various conditions are stored, and the variable terms and constant terms A, B of the torque calculation equation (12) are stored. Since the torque is calculated by inputting each data corresponding to and executing the calculation, the data of the constant terms A and B can be adjusted so that the torque close to the actual measurement can be obtained. Can be obtained by estimation. FIG. 11 is a characteristic diagram between the estimated torque calculated by the present embodiment and the actual torque obtained by actual measurement. As is clear from the characteristic diagram of FIG. 11, an estimated torque close to the actual torque was obtained. It can be seen that torque estimation within approximately ± 2 Nm is possible even with respect to load fluctuations.

  Next, a modification of the above embodiment will be described. The compressor torque calculation unit 14c has an external or built-in memory (not shown) with a torque calculation formula (11) having the front and rear temperature difference data Δt, the compressor discharge side pressure data Pd, the duty ratio data, and the compressor rotation speed data Nc as variables. The torque is calculated by inputting the data obtained in the torque calculation formula (11) and executing the calculation. In the torque calculation process, compressor rotation speed data Nc is input in addition to the various data input in the above embodiment. With this configuration, the amount of data stored in the memory can be reduced. Further, it is possible to calculate the torque during the entire operation of the vehicle air conditioner 6 regardless of idling or fuel cut during deceleration.

  Note that a torque calculation formula may be stored in which the compressor rotation speed Nc in the torque calculation formula (11) is a constant value (normal rotation value at idling or fuel cut at deceleration). In this way, when the compressor rotation speed Nc is substantially constant at a predetermined rotation speed, such as during idling or fuel cut during deceleration, data to be acquired can be reduced and calculation of the torque calculation formula is easy. become.

  In the above embodiment, the duty ratio of the control pulse signal is used as an external control signal for controlling the refrigerant discharge capacity of the variable capacity compressor 8 from the outside. However, various electric quantities can be used, and the duty ratio is limited to the duty ratio. Of course, it is not done.

  In the above embodiment, the example using the variable displacement compressor 8 driven by the engine has been described. However, the present invention can be applied to a variable displacement compressor driven by an electric motor as well.

  In addition, an evaporator inlet side temperature sensor 21p may be disposed on the inlet side of the evaporator 12 to detect the evaporator inlet side air temperature. In this case, step S1, step S2, and step S3 of the flowchart shown in FIG. 9 are abolished, and the evaporator inlet side air temperature detected by the evaporator inlet side temperature sensor 21p is input to the compressor torque calculator 14c, and the steps after step S4 By performing the above arithmetic processing, the same effect as the above-described embodiment can be obtained.

1 is a system diagram of a vehicle air conditioner according to an embodiment of the present invention. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a variable displacement compressor according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows one Embodiment of this invention and demonstrates the capacity | capacitance variable control of a variable capacity compressor. It is a figure which shows one Embodiment of this invention and shows the Mollier line and the refrigerating cycle described corresponding to this. FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram of a compressor suction side pressure and a compressor discharge side pressure with a duty ratio as a parameter, showing an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram of compressor discharge-side pressure and torque with a duty ratio as a parameter when the refrigeration cycle load (evaporator load) is constant according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram of compressor discharge side pressure and torque in the case where the refrigeration cycle load (evaporator load) varies according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram of torque and compressor discharge side pressure when the duty ratio is constant (60%) according to the embodiment of the present invention. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a torque calculation process according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a characteristic diagram of estimated torque and actual torque according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a characteristic diagram which shows the duty ratio which shows one Embodiment of this invention and changes stepwise.

Explanation of symbols

6 Air conditioning system for vehicles 7 Refrigeration cycle 8 Variable capacity compressor (variable capacity compressor)
12 Evaporator 14c Compressor Torque Calculation Unit 21i Inside Air Temperature Sensor (Inside Air Temperature Detection Means)
21j Outside air temperature sensor (outside air temperature detecting means)
21l Suction temperature sensor (Evaporator outlet side temperature detection means)
21n Refrigerant pressure sensor (compressor discharge side pressure detection means)

Claims (6)

A control method for a variable capacity compressor for an air conditioner that determines a target evaporator outlet side outlet temperature based on a target outlet temperature, and controls the capacity of the compressor according to the target evaporator outlet side outlet temperature,
The low pressure pressure is detected to adjust the valve opening, and the suction pressure can be controlled by a control valve having an external control means for displacing the valve opening by an external signal.
The capacity of the compressor is controlled by the duty ratio of the input signal to the control valve,
Temperature balloon than the target evaporator outlet air temperature is rather high, the duty ratio of the input signal to the control valve is equal to or larger than a predetermined value running at maximum capacity the compressor, the temperature blowoff blowoff temperature-side target evaporator outlet when reaching the control method of the air conditioner for a variable capacity compressor, wherein the TURMERIC line capacity control operation by outputting an input signal to the control valve in the first duty ratio.   A control method for a variable capacity compressor for an air conditioner according to claim 1,
  The capacity of the compressor is controlled by the duty ratio of the input signal to the control valve,
  After performing the capacity control operation at the first duty ratio, when the temperature difference between the target evaporator outlet side outlet temperature and the outlet temperature is within a predetermined range, the target evaporator outlet side outlet temperature is obtained based on the target outlet temperature. A control method for a variable capacity compressor for an air conditioner, wherein a duty ratio to the control valve is calculated and capacity control is performed according to the calculated duty ratio.   A control method for a variable capacity compressor for an air conditioner according to claim 1 or 2,
  When the evaporator outlet side air temperature becomes higher than the target evaporator outlet side air temperature within a predetermined time after the first duty ratio is output as the input signal to the control valve, the second duty ratio is output. A method for controlling a variable capacity compressor for an air conditioner, wherein capacity control is performed.   A torque calculation device for a variable capacity compressor for an air conditioner that determines a target evaporator outlet side outlet temperature based on a target outlet temperature, and controls the capacity of the compressor according to the target evaporator outlet side outlet temperature,
  The low pressure pressure is detected to adjust the valve opening, and the suction pressure can be controlled by a control valve having an external control means for displacing the valve opening by an external signal.
  The capacity of the compressor is controlled by the duty ratio of the input signal to the control valve,
  When the blowout temperature is higher than the target evaporator outlet side blowout temperature and the duty ratio of the input signal to the control valve is equal to or greater than the predetermined value, the compressor is operated at the maximum capacity, and the blowout temperature reaches the target evaporator outlet blowout temperature. Then, a variable control operation is performed by outputting an input signal to the control valve at a first duty ratio to perform a capacity control operation, and calculating a torque of the compressor based on the signal of the first duty ratio. Torque calculation device for capacity compressor. A torque calculation device for a variable capacity compressor for an air conditioner that determines a target evaporator outlet side outlet temperature based on a target outlet temperature, and controls the capacity of the compressor according to the target evaporator outlet side outlet temperature,
  The low pressure pressure is detected to adjust the valve opening, and the suction pressure can be controlled by a control valve having an external control means for displacing the valve opening by an external signal.
  The capacity of the compressor is controlled by the duty ratio of the input signal to the control valve,
  When the blowout temperature is higher than the target evaporator outlet side blowout temperature and the duty ratio of the input signal to the control valve is greater than or equal to a predetermined value, the compressor is operated at the maximum capacity, and the blowout temperature reaches the target evaporator outlet blowout temperature. In this case, the input signal to the control valve is output at the first duty ratio to perform capacity control operation, and the evaporator outlet side air temperature is within the predetermined time period after the first duty ratio is output. When the temperature becomes higher than the temperature, output at the second duty ratio to perform capacity control operation, and calculate the torque of the compressor based on the respective duty ratio signals. Torque calculation device.   A torque calculation device for a variable capacity compressor for an air conditioner according to claim 5,
  The capacity of the compressor is controlled by the duty ratio of the input signal to the control valve,
  After performing the capacity control operation at the first duty ratio, when the temperature difference between the target evaporator outlet side outlet temperature and the outlet temperature is within a predetermined range, the target evaporator outlet side outlet temperature is obtained based on the target outlet temperature. A torque calculation device for a variable capacity compressor for an air conditioner, wherein a duty ratio to the control valve is calculated and capacity control is performed based on the calculated duty ratio.

Images