JP4804773B2 - Grout method - Google Patents

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JP4804773B2
JP4804773B2 JP2005068833A JP2005068833A JP4804773B2 JP 4804773 B2 JP4804773 B2 JP 4804773B2 JP 2005068833 A JP2005068833 A JP 2005068833A JP 2005068833 A JP2005068833 A JP 2005068833A JP 4804773 B2 JP4804773 B2 JP 4804773B2
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aqueous solution
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一三 小林
一彦 升元
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本発明は，天然または人工の地盤・岩盤や諸構造物の止水に好適なグラウト工法に関する。 The present invention relates to a suitable grout method to stop water natural or artificial soil, rock and various structures.

天然または人工の地盤・岩盤や諸構造物をより強固にするために，それらの中にグラウト材料を注入することが行なわれている。恒久的な止水を目標としたグラウト材料としては，無機材料を液中に分散させて止水目標箇所に無機材料を止まらせて閉塞させる粘土系グラウトや，止水目標箇所で固化させるセメント系グラウトまたは水ガラス系グラウトが代表的である。   In order to strengthen natural or artificial ground, bedrock and structures, grout materials are injected into them. The grout materials aimed at permanent water stop include clay-type grout that disperses inorganic materials in the liquid and stops the inorganic material at the water stop target location, and cement that solidifies at the water stop target location. A grout or water glass grout is typical.

しかし，微細な亀裂にまで恒久的な止水を達成しようとしても，粘土系グラウトでは粘土粒子が亀裂に比べて大きかったり，セメント系または水ガラス系では粘性が高すぎて目標箇所まで流動しなかったりして，完全な止水を期待できない場合があった。また，放射性廃棄物処分場においてセメント系またはガラス系グラウトの適用を想定した場合，これらの材料は化学的にみて長期安定性に問題があり，また周辺地下水環境のｐＨを上昇させるので他の人工バリアへの影響が懸念されるといった問題があった。   However, even if it is attempted to achieve permanent water stop even with fine cracks, clay particles are larger than cracks in clay-based grout, and viscosity is too high in cement-based or water-glass systems to flow to the target location. In some cases, complete water stoppage could not be expected. Also, assuming the application of cement-based or glass-based grout at radioactive waste disposal sites, these materials have problems in terms of long-term stability from a chemical point of view, and also raise the pH of the surrounding groundwater environment, and other artificial There was a problem that the impact on the barrier was concerned.

特殊なグラウト材料として特許文献１や２のように炭酸カルシウムを利用するものや，特許文献３のように硫酸カルシウムを利用するものがある。
特開２００３−２００１４４号公報 特開２００４−１４９６８５号公報 特開平１１−２４１０６４号公報 As a special grout material, there are a material using calcium carbonate as in Patent Documents 1 and 2, and a material using calcium sulfate as in Patent Document 3.
JP 2003-200144 A Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-149685 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-244104

前記のような事情から，本発明は理想的には粒子粉末を懸濁しない２種以上の水溶液を注入し，この水溶液から止水目標箇所で化学的に安定な無機物質を析出させることによって前記の問題を解決することを課題としたものである。前掲特許文献１〜３の場合も，無機質の粒子粉末が懸濁しているスラリーを用いるものであり，粒子が流入しないような微細な亀裂まで完全な止水を期待するには無理がある。   In view of the above circumstances, the present invention ideally injects two or more aqueous solutions that do not suspend the particle powder, and deposits a chemically stable inorganic substance from the aqueous solution at the water stop target location. The problem is to solve this problem. In the case of Patent Documents 1 to 3 described above, a slurry in which inorganic particle powder is suspended is used, and it is impossible to expect complete water stop even for a fine crack that does not allow particles to flow.

本発明によれば，カルシウムイオン含有の第一水溶液と炭酸イオン含有の第二水溶液とをそれぞれ別の注入口から止水目標箇所に向けて注入するに際し，止水目標箇所を挟んで，一方の側に陽極となる外部電極および第一水溶液注入口を設けると共に，他方の側に陰極となる外部電極および第二水溶液注入口を設け，注入された両液に外部電極による電気泳動を付与して止水目標箇所にカルシウムイオンと炭酸イオンを移動させ，該止水目標箇所において炭酸カルシウム殿物を沈積させるグラウト工法を提供する。 According to the present invention, when injected toward a second aqueous solution of the first aqueous solution and the carbonate ion content of Ca Rushiumuion containing from separate inlets into water stop target position, across the water stop target position, whereas An external electrode that serves as an anode and a first aqueous solution inlet are provided on the side of the electrode, and an external electrode that serves as a cathode and a second aqueous solution inlet are provided on the other side, and electrophoresis by the external electrode is applied to both injected liquids. A grout method is provided in which calcium ions and carbonate ions are moved to a water stop target location, and calcium carbonate deposits are deposited at the water stop target location.

本発明に従うグラウト工法によると，炭酸カルシウムによる恒久的な止水効果が得られる。また水溶液が浸透する微細な亀裂でも止水が行なえる。このため，本発明は，超長期の耐用年数が要求される地層処分事業，燃料備蓄用の岩盤地下空洞などへの適用が期待できる。   According to the grout method according to the present invention, a permanent water stop effect by calcium carbonate is obtained. In addition, water can be stopped even with minute cracks that allow the aqueous solution to penetrate. For this reason, the present invention can be expected to be applied to geological disposal projects that require an extremely long service life, underground rock cavities for fuel storage, and the like.

本発明は，天然または人工の地盤・岩盤等の止水目標箇所において，２種類の水溶液からの化学反応によって炭酸カルシウムの沈殿を析出させることに特徴がある。すなわち，止水目標箇所において炭酸カルシウムの殿物を析出させようとするものである。この二液は反応前は水溶液であり，漏水が懸念されるような微細な亀裂にも容易に浸透する。本発明に適用するグラウト液は，カルシウムイオン含有の第一水溶液と炭酸イオン含有の第二水溶液とからなり，両液の混合により炭酸カルシウムが析出するものである。 The present invention is characterized in that a precipitate of calcium carbonate is deposited by a chemical reaction from two types of aqueous solutions at a water stop target site such as natural or artificial ground or rock. In other words, calcium carbonate deposits are to be deposited at the water stop target location. These two liquids are aqueous solutions before the reaction, and easily penetrate into minute cracks that may cause water leakage. Grouting fluid to be applied to the present invention is composed of a first aqueous solution and the second aqueous solution of carbonate ion-containing calcium ion-containing one in which calcium carbonate is precipitated by mixing two liquids.

カルシウムイオン含有の第一水溶液としては塩化カルシウム（ＣａＣｌ2）や水酸化カルシウム（Ｃａ（ＯＨ）2）が溶存した水溶液を使用し，炭酸イオン含有の第二水溶液としては炭酸ナトリウム（Ｎａ2ＣＯ3），炭酸水素ナトリウム（ＮａＨＣＯ3），炭酸水素マグネシウム（Ｍｇ（ＨＣＯ3）2）等を溶存した水溶液を使用することができる。第一水溶液としてはカルシウムを溶存した水溶液，第二水溶液は炭酸イオンを含む水溶液であれば使用可能である。表１に第一水溶液と第二水溶液に溶存させる化合物と，両液を反応させた場合の反応生成物の例を示した。いずれの例でも，難水溶性のＣａＣＯ3の殿物が析出し，これが亀裂を閉塞する。 An aqueous solution in which calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) or calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH) 2 ) is dissolved is used as the first aqueous solution containing calcium ions, and sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ) is used as the second aqueous solution containing carbonate ions. ), Sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO 3 ), magnesium hydrogen carbonate (Mg (HCO 3 ) 2 ) and the like can be used. Water solution dissolved the calcium as the first aqueous solution, the second aqueous solution can be used as long as including water solution carbonate ions. Table 1 shows an example of a reaction product obtained by reacting a compound dissolved in the first aqueous solution and the second aqueous solution with both solutions. In either example, a slightly water-soluble CaCO 3 deposit is deposited, which closes the crack.

Figure 0004804773
Figure 0004804773

図１は，土壌中または人工岩盤中でのＣａＣＯ3析出挙動を知るために本発明者らが行なった試験装置の概要を示したものであり，底面積が０.３ｍ×０.５ｍで高さが０.３ｍの槽１に，試験土壌または岩盤２を装填し，２箇所の注入口３と４から第一水溶液と第二水溶液を試験土壌または岩盤中に注入し，槽底部（長辺側の側壁中央下部）に設けたドレン孔５から排水６を流出させるようにしたものである。注入口３と４は，短辺側の側壁中央から約 ｃｍ離れた対照位置に設置し，両液の注入量は両液等しい量とするが，ドレン孔５から流出する排水量を監視しながら両液の注入量を制御し，槽１からオーバーフローしないようにする。 FIG. 1 shows an outline of a test apparatus conducted by the present inventors in order to know the CaCO 3 precipitation behavior in soil or artificial rock, and the bottom area is 0.3 m × 0.5 m and high. The test soil or rock mass 2 is loaded into the tank 1 having a length of 0.3 m, the first aqueous solution and the second aqueous solution are injected into the test soil or the rock mass from the two inlets 3 and 4, and the bottom of the tank (long side) The drainage 6 is allowed to flow out from the drain hole 5 provided in the lower part of the central side wall. The inlets 3 and 4 are installed at a control position about cm away from the center of the side wall on the short side, and both liquids are injected at the same volume. However, while monitoring the amount of drainage flowing out from the drain hole 5, The liquid injection amount is controlled so as not to overflow from the tank 1.

まず，透水係数が１×１０-5ｍ／sec の土壌を槽１に装填し，濃度が 1.0 mol/LのＣａＣｌ2第一水溶液と，濃度が 1.0 mol/LのＮａ2ＣＯ3第二水溶液とを注入口３と４から０.０５ＭＰａ〜０.２ＭＰａの圧で注入した。注入開始後は徐々に通水量が低下することが観測された。これは土壌中で両液が合体するところでＣａＣＯ3が析出し，ＣａＣＯ3析出領域７が拡大することを示している。この関係をより具体的に調べるために，図２に注入開始後の透水係数の時間変化をプロットした（●印）。図２に見られるように，透水係数が時間の経過と共に低下してゆき，約６時間後では透水係数５×１０-8ｍ／sec となり，止水作用が大きくなった。同様の試験を透水係数が５×１０-5ｍ／sec の人工岩盤について行い，その結果を図２に併記した（□印）。この場合にも，時間経過と共に止水作用が高くなることがわかる。 First, soil having a hydraulic conductivity of 1 × 10 −5 m / sec is loaded into the tank 1, and a CaCl 2 first aqueous solution having a concentration of 1.0 mol / L and a Na 2 CO 3 second aqueous solution having a concentration of 1.0 mol / L. Were injected from the inlets 3 and 4 at a pressure of 0.05 MPa to 0.2 MPa. It was observed that the water flow gradually decreased after the start of injection. This indicates that CaCO 3 is deposited where both solutions are combined in the soil, and the CaCO 3 precipitation region 7 is enlarged. In order to investigate this relationship more specifically, the time change of the hydraulic conductivity after the start of injection is plotted in FIG. As can be seen in FIG. 2, the hydraulic conductivity decreased with the passage of time, and after about 6 hours, the hydraulic conductivity became 5 × 10 −8 m / sec, and the water stopping action increased. A similar test was conducted on an artificial rock mass with a hydraulic conductivity of 5 × 10 -5 m / sec, and the results are also shown in FIG. Also in this case, it can be seen that the water stopping action increases with time.

本発明によれば，このようにカルシウムイオン含有の第一水溶液と炭酸イオン含有の第二水溶液とを別々の注入口から土壌や岩盤中に注入し，止水目標箇所で炭酸カルシウム殿物を沈積させることによって間隙を閉塞させることができる。両液の合流点は，止水目標箇所に至る前でもよいし，場合によっては止水目標箇所であってもよいが，微細な亀裂の閉塞には，その微細な亀裂内に浸透した水溶液から析出させるのが効果的である。   According to the present invention, the calcium ion-containing first aqueous solution and the carbonate ion-containing second aqueous solution are injected into the soil and the bedrock through separate inlets, and the calcium carbonate deposit is deposited at the water stop target location. By doing so, the gap can be closed. The merging point of both liquids may be before reaching the water stop target location, or in some cases it may be the water stop target location. To close a fine crack, an aqueous solution that has penetrated into the fine crack is used. It is effective to deposit.

第一水溶液および／または第二水溶液に適度な粘性を付与するために適量の増粘剤を添加することもできる。増粘剤として微粒子からなる無機増粘剤例えばベントナイトを使用することもでき，この場合には堆積岩への適用も可能となる。   An appropriate amount of a thickening agent can be added to impart an appropriate viscosity to the first aqueous solution and / or the second aqueous solution. As a thickener, an inorganic thickener composed of fine particles, such as bentonite, can be used. In this case, it can be applied to sedimentary rocks.

第一水溶液の流れと第二水溶液の流れを適切にコントロールすることによって，止水目標箇所での炭酸カルシウム殿物の沈積を行なわせることができるが，電気泳動を利用すして反応位置のコントロールを行うこともできる。   By appropriately controlling the flow of the first aqueous solution and the flow of the second aqueous solution, it is possible to deposit calcium carbonate deposits at the target water stop, but the reaction position can be controlled using electrophoresis. It can also be done.

図３は，炭酸カルシウム析出による目標止水領域Ｃ（亀裂性岩盤又は堆積岩など）の一方の側に第一水溶液（塩化カルシウム水溶液）の注入域Ａを形成し，該止水領域Ｃの他方の側に第二水溶液（炭酸ナトリウム水溶液）の注入域Ｂを形成したうえ，第一水溶液の注入域Ａに陽極８を，そして第二水溶液の注入域Ｂに陰極９を設置する状態を示している。この状態で各極に通電すると，第一水溶液の注入域Ａではカルシウムイオンが止水領域Ｃに向けて，また第二水溶液の注入域Ｂでは炭酸イオンが止水領域Ｃに向けて電気泳動し，止水領域Ｃで両者が反応して炭酸カルシウムを析出する。   FIG. 3 shows that the injection area A of the first aqueous solution (calcium chloride aqueous solution) is formed on one side of the target water stop area C (cracked rock or sedimentary rock, etc.) due to calcium carbonate precipitation, and the other water stop area C The second aqueous solution (sodium carbonate aqueous solution) injection region B is formed on the side, the anode 8 is installed in the first aqueous solution injection region A, and the cathode 9 is installed in the second aqueous solution injection region B. . When each electrode is energized in this state, calcium ions are electrophoresed in the water stop region C in the injection region A of the first aqueous solution, and carbonate ions are electrophoresed in the water stop region C in the injection region B of the second aqueous solution. In the water stop region C, both react to precipitate calcium carbonate.

この場合は，カルシウムイオン含有の第一水溶液と炭酸イオン含有の第二水溶液とをそれぞれ別の注入口から止水目標箇所に向けて注入し，注入された両液に外部電極による電気泳動を付与して止水目標箇所にカルシウムイオンと炭酸イオンを移動させ，該止水目標箇所において炭酸カルシウム殿物を沈積させるグラウト工法である。 In this case, the first aqueous solution containing calcium ions and the second aqueous solution containing carbonate ions are injected from different inlets toward the water stop target location, and electrophoresis by an external electrode is applied to both injected solutions. Then, the grout method is to move calcium ions and carbonate ions to the water stop target location and deposit calcium carbonate deposits at the water stop target location.

本発明のグラウト液による炭酸カルシウム析出挙動を調べるのに使用した試験槽の略断面図である。It is a schematic sectional drawing of the test tank used in order to investigate the calcium carbonate precipitation behavior by the grout liquid of this invention. 図１の試験槽で得られた試験結果の例を示す透水係数の経時変化図である。It is a time-dependent change figure of the hydraulic conductivity which shows the example of the test result obtained with the test tank of FIG. 電気泳動を利用した本発明のグラウト工法の要部を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the principal part of the grout method of this invention using electrophoresis.

Claims (1)

カルシウムイオン含有の第一水溶液と炭酸イオン含有の第二水溶液とをそれぞれ別の注入口から止水目標箇所に向けて注入するに際し，止水目標箇所を挟んで，一方の側に陽極となる外部電極および第一水溶液注入口を設けると共に，他方の側に陰極となる外部電極および第二水溶液注入口を設け，注入された両液に外部電極による電気泳動を付与して止水目標箇所にカルシウムイオンと炭酸イオンを移動させ，該止水目標箇所において炭酸カルシウム殿物を沈積させるグラウト工法。 When injecting the first aqueous solution containing calcium ions and the second aqueous solution containing carbonate ions from different inlets toward the water stop target location, the outside that becomes the anode on one side across the water stop target location An electrode and a first aqueous solution inlet are provided, and an external electrode serving as a cathode and a second aqueous solution inlet are provided on the other side. Electrophoresis by the external electrode is applied to both injected liquids, and calcium is added to the water stop target location. A grout method in which ions and carbonate ions are moved to deposit calcium carbonate deposits at the water stop target location.
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