JP4789595B2 - Organic waste treatment method and organic waste treatment system - Google Patents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description
本発明は有機性廃棄物処理方法および有機性廃棄物処理システムに関し、紙、プラスチック、生ごみ、し尿、浄化槽汚泥等の一般廃棄物や液状家畜ふん尿、敷ワラ含家畜糞および下水処理汚泥を含む有機性廃棄物を複合して再資源化する技術に係るものである。 TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an organic waste treatment method and an organic waste treatment system, and includes general waste such as paper, plastic, food waste, human waste, septic tank sludge, liquid livestock excreta, livestock excrement containing bedding straw and sewage treatment sludge. This is related to technology that combines organic waste and recycles it.
従来、この種の技術には、例えば特許文献1に記載するものがある。これは、生ごみを遠心型破砕分別機で粗破砕分別して生ごみ破砕物と夾雑物とに分別し、生ごみ破砕物を可溶化工程で可溶化し、この可溶化処理物を固液分離装置で固液分離した液状分をメタン発酵槽の原料や排水処理における有機炭素源、水素供与体となし、固形分をコンポスト化・飼料化等の再資源化原料とするものである。 Conventionally, this type of technology includes, for example, one described in Patent Document 1. This is because the raw garbage is roughly crushed and separated with a centrifugal crushing and separating machine, and then separated into crushed garbage and impurities, the crushed garbage is solubilized in a solubilization process, and this solubilized product is separated into solid and liquid. The liquid component separated into solid and liquid by the apparatus is used as a raw material for a methane fermentation tank, an organic carbon source in wastewater treatment, and a hydrogen donor, and the solid content is used as a raw material for recycling such as composting and feed.
また、特許文献2には、食品残さ・木くず・紙くずを用いて飼料や肥料を作る原料加工方法、飼料製造方法、肥料製造方法並びに原料加工装置が記載されている。これは高温高圧の飽和水蒸気で食品残さ・木くず・紙くずを加水分解、熱分解、乾燥、炭化の手順で処理し、有機化合物をブドウ糖・アミノ酸・高級脂肪酸等に分解、又は活性炭化するものである。 Patent Document 2 describes a raw material processing method, a feed manufacturing method, a fertilizer manufacturing method, and a raw material processing apparatus for producing feed and fertilizer using food residue, wood waste, and paper waste. This is a process of hydrolyzing, pyrolyzing, drying, and carbonizing food residues, wood scraps and paper scraps with saturated steam at high temperature and high pressure to decompose organic compounds into glucose, amino acids, higher fatty acids, etc., or to active carbonize them. .
また、特許文献3には、廃棄物などの材料を処理し、処理した材料を発熱成型体として再利用する材料変換処理システムが記載されている。これは、耐圧容器内の材料を撹拌移送する攪拌移送手段と、材料に対して高温水蒸気を噴射する高温水蒸気注入手段と、耐圧容器内の圧力を所定値に調整する圧力調整手段と、各構成部を制御する制御手段とを有しており、この制御手段が、当該材料の性状に応じて、処理後の材料の比電気抵抗が所定の値以上となるように前記耐圧容器内の温度および圧力を所定値に保持するものである。
ところで、紙、プラスチック、生ごみ、し尿、浄化槽汚泥等の一般廃棄物や下水処理汚泥を含む有機性廃棄物を再資源化するには以下のような課題がある。
一般廃棄物の処理において、生ごみ、食品廃棄物等のリサイクル価値は広く知られているが、生ごみ類は紙、プラスチック等からなる袋、容器類とともにポリエチレン袋等に入れられて排出される。このため、生ごみ、食品廃棄物等を堆肥化、バイオマス化する際には紙等の混入物の分別が必要であるが、生ごみ、食品廃棄物等と紙、プラスチック等とを分別することは技術的および作業手間的に困難性が伴う。また、生ごみ、食品廃棄物等を堆肥化、バイオマス化する際には、腐敗臭等の臭気対策および雑菌対策が必要である。また、特許文献1に記載するものでは、対象物が生ごみ有機成分分解後の汚泥が主となるために、処理後に得られる再資源化原料において低位発熱量3500kcal/kg以上を維持することは困難な場合が多い。
By the way, there are the following problems in recycling organic waste including general waste such as paper, plastic, garbage, human waste, septic tank sludge, and sewage treatment sludge.
In the treatment of general waste, the recycling value of garbage, food waste, etc. is widely known, but the garbage is discharged in a polyethylene bag together with bags and containers made of paper, plastic, etc. . For this reason, when composting and biomassing garbage, food waste, etc., it is necessary to separate contaminants such as paper, but separating garbage, food waste, etc. from paper, plastic, etc. Is technically and labor intensive. In addition, when composting food waste, food waste, etc. into compost or biomass, countermeasures against odors such as spoilage odor and various germs are necessary. Moreover, in what is described in Patent Document 1, since the object is mainly sludge after decomposition of garbage organic components, maintaining a low heating value of 3500 kcal / kg or more in the recycled material obtained after treatment Often difficult.
一方、し尿、浄化槽汚泥等を処理する汚泥再生処理センターにおける水処理施設から排出される水処理脱水汚泥等も発熱量が低く再資源化が困難である。このため、一般廃棄物を助燃材化、堆肥材化するには加熱等の処理が必要である。 On the other hand, water treatment dewatered sludge discharged from a water treatment facility in a sludge regeneration treatment center for treating human waste, septic tank sludge, etc. has a low calorific value and is difficult to recycle. For this reason, treatments such as heating are necessary to convert general waste into a combustion aid and compost.
本発明は、紙、プラスチック、生ごみ等を分別を必要とせずに衛生的に処理することができ、生産物である乾燥粉末により汚泥再生処理センターから排出する水処理脱水汚泥の助燃材、堆肥材としての質の向上を図ることができ、処理過程において生じる蒸気含有排ガスを汚泥再生処理センター等の水処理施設において有効活用することができる有機性廃棄物処理方法および有機性廃棄物処理システムを提供することを目的とする。 INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention is capable of hygienically treating paper, plastics, garbage, etc. without requiring separation, and is a water-treated dewatered sludge auxiliary material, compost discharged from a sludge recycling treatment center with a dry powder as a product. An organic waste treatment method and an organic waste treatment system that can improve the quality as a material and can effectively utilize the steam-containing exhaust gas generated in the treatment process in a water treatment facility such as a sludge regeneration treatment center. The purpose is to provide.
上記課題を解決するために、本発明の有機性廃棄物処理方法は、反応容器内に飽和水蒸気を供給して原料となる固形状有機性廃棄物を亜臨界反応により乾燥粉末化する固形状有機性廃棄物処理工程と、原料となる液状有機性廃棄物を水処理し、前記水処理により得る処理汚泥を脱水して脱水汚泥を得るか、あるいは前記処理汚泥を乾燥させて乾燥汚泥を得る液状有機性廃棄物処理工程とを備え、固形状有機性廃棄物処理工程の生産物の乾燥粉末材と液状有機性廃棄物処理工程の生産物の脱水汚泥もしくは乾燥汚泥とを混合して再資源化材を得ることを特徴とする。
本発明の有機性廃棄物処理システムは、反応容器内に飽和水蒸気を供給して原料となる固形状有機性廃棄物を亜臨界反応により乾燥粉末化する固形状有機性廃棄物処理工程をなす反応容器部と、原料となる液状有機性廃棄物を水処理し、前記水処理により得る処理汚泥を脱水して脱水汚泥を得るか、あるいは前記処理汚泥を乾燥させて乾燥汚泥を得る液状有機性廃棄物処理工程をなす水処理部と、反応容器部における固形状有機性廃棄物処理工程の生産物の乾燥粉末材と水処理部における液状有機性廃棄物処理工程の生産物の脱水汚泥もしくは乾燥汚泥とを混合して再資源化材を得る混合部を備えることを特徴とする。
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the organic waste treatment method of the present invention is a solid organic that supplies saturated water vapor into a reaction vessel and pulverizes the solid organic waste as a raw material into a dry powder by a subcritical reaction. Liquid waste treatment process and liquid organic waste as raw material are treated with water, and the treated sludge obtained by the water treatment is dehydrated to obtain dehydrated sludge , or the treated sludge is dried to obtain dried sludge Organic waste treatment process, and recycle by mixing dry powder material of product of solid organic waste treatment process and dehydrated sludge or dry sludge of product of liquid organic waste treatment process It is characterized by obtaining materials.
The organic waste treatment system of the present invention is a reaction that forms a solid organic waste treatment process in which saturated steam is supplied into a reaction vessel to dry powder the solid organic waste as a raw material by a subcritical reaction. Liquid organic waste obtained by water-treating the container part and the liquid organic waste as a raw material and dewatering the treated sludge obtained by the water treatment or obtaining the dried sludge by drying the treated sludge The water treatment part that performs the waste treatment process, the dry powder material of the product of the solid organic waste treatment process in the reaction vessel part, and the dehydrated sludge or the dry sludge of the product of the liquid organic waste treatment process in the water treatment part And a mixing unit for obtaining a recycled material.
上記した構成において、固形状有機性廃棄物および液状有機性廃棄物は、例えば一般廃棄物である紙類、プラスチック、生ごみ、し尿、浄化槽汚泥、選定枝等である。
固形状有機性廃棄物処理工程では、固形状有機性廃棄物である生ごみ、プラスチック等の有機性廃棄物を反応容器内に供給し、反応容器内に飽和水蒸気を導入して、運転条件:常温〜235℃、常圧〜3MPa、昇温昇圧時間1〜3時間、最大温度圧力保持時間5分以上で亜臨界反応(亜臨界状態での水熱反応)させて、蒸気間接加熱等により乾燥粉末化させる。
In the above-described configuration, the solid organic waste and the liquid organic waste are, for example, papers, plastics, garbage, human waste, septic tank sludge, selected branches, etc., which are general wastes.
In the solid organic waste treatment process, organic waste such as garbage and plastic, which are solid organic waste, is supplied into the reaction vessel, saturated steam is introduced into the reaction vessel, and operating conditions: Normal temperature ~ 235 ° C, normal pressure ~ 3MPa, temperature rise and pressure increase time 1 ~ 3 hours, maximum temperature pressure holding time 5 minutes or more, let subcritical reaction (hydrothermal reaction in subcritical state) and dry by steam indirect heating etc. Powderize.
一方、液状有機性廃棄物処理工程では、液状有機性廃棄物であるし尿、浄化槽汚泥、下水処理汚泥等を汚泥再生処理センター等の水処理施設において生物脱窒法等により水処理し、水処理施設から出る余剰汚泥等の処理汚泥を汚泥脱水処理して脱水汚泥もしくは乾燥汚泥を得る。 On the other hand, in the liquid organic waste treatment process, liquid organic waste such as human waste, septic tank sludge, sewage treatment sludge, etc. is treated with water by a biological denitrification method in a water treatment facility such as a sludge regeneration treatment center. The treated sludge such as excess sludge from the sludge is dehydrated to obtain dehydrated sludge or dried sludge.
そして、固形状有機性廃棄物処理工程の生産物の乾燥粉末材と液状有機性廃棄物処理工程の生産物の脱水汚泥もしくは乾燥汚泥とを混合し、再資源化材として助燃材、堆肥化材を生産して有効利用を図る。この混合後の水分は低位発熱量が例えば3500kcal/kg以上となる混合比率とする。 Then, the dry powder material of the product of the solid organic waste treatment process and the dehydrated sludge or the dried sludge of the product of the liquid organic waste treatment process are mixed, and the auxiliary combustor and composting material are recycled. For effective use. The moisture after mixing is set to a mixing ratio at which the lower heating value is, for example, 3500 kcal / kg or more.
亜臨界反応時に発生する蒸気含有成分は、汚泥再生処理センター等の水処理施設において有機栄養分(BOD源)として有効に利用して処理する。このことにより、水処理施設において生物脱窒法で従来使用している炭素源の使用量が低減できる。 The steam-containing component generated during the subcritical reaction is effectively utilized as an organic nutrient (BOD source) in a water treatment facility such as a sludge regeneration treatment center. This can reduce the amount of carbon sources that are conventionally used in biological denitrification methods in water treatment facilities.
なお、上記方法は、家畜ふん尿水処理施設と固形状敷ワラ、オガクズ含家畜糞にも同様に適用できる。 In addition, the said method is applicable similarly to livestock excrement water processing facilities, solid bedding straw, and sawdust-containing livestock droppings.
以上のように本発明によれば、コンビニエンスストア、スーパーマーケット等からプラスチック、紙等を伴った生ごみ、食品廃棄物を分別せずに、亜臨界状態で分解して無菌化、乾燥粉末化させるので、プラスチック類の発熱量を有効に利用できる。また、製品となる再資源化材は原料に近い高発熱量を持ち、衛生的で取り扱い容易な粉末となり、亜臨界反応で水蒸気処理されているので、セミ賦活化(活性炭は完全賦活化されて活性が出る)されており、炭素主体の多孔質物性になっている。 As described above, according to the present invention, since garbage, food waste accompanied by plastic, paper, etc. from convenience stores, supermarkets, etc. are not separated, they are decomposed in a subcritical state to be sterilized and dried into powder. In addition, the calorific value of plastics can be used effectively. In addition, the recycled material used as a product has a high calorific value close to that of the raw material, becomes a hygienic and easy-to-handle powder, and is steam-treated by a subcritical reaction, so it is semi-activated (the activated carbon is fully activated) Active) and has a carbon-based porous property.
一方、し尿等の一般廃棄物は、汚泥再生処理センター等において汚泥の再資源化が行われているが、発熱量が低く、利用が進んでいない状況にあり、脱水汚泥又は乾燥汚泥は粘性が非常に高いものである。 On the other hand, general waste such as human waste is recycled as sludge at sludge recycling treatment centers, etc., but the amount of heat generation is low and the use is not progressing, and dehydrated sludge or dried sludge is viscous. It is very expensive.
このため、脱水汚泥又は乾燥汚泥を高カロリーの助燃材とするうえで、乾燥粉末材の高カロリー性と多孔質による通気性が有効に作用し、乾燥粉末材の混合により低位発熱量3500kcal/kg以上とすることにより、再資源化原料として加熱等の必要がない原料となる。また、助燃材化等の目的に応じてペレット化も行う。 For this reason, when dehydrated sludge or dried sludge is used as a high-calorie auxiliary material, the high-calorie property of the dry powder material and the air permeability due to the porous material are effective, and the lower heating value is 3500 kcal / kg by mixing the dry powder material. By setting it as the above, it becomes a raw material which does not need a heating etc. as a recycling raw material. Moreover, pelletization is also performed according to the purpose such as making a support material.
以下、本発明の実施の形態を図面に基づいて説明する。固形状有機性廃棄物処理工程を行う亜臨界反応容器1は、外套容器2と外套容器2の内部に格納した反応容器3とからなる二重構造をなす。反応容器3の内部には攪拌羽根4を配置しており、攪拌羽根4の回転軸5は外套容器2の外部において正転、逆転可能なモータ6に接続している。
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The subcritical reaction vessel 1 for performing the solid organic waste treatment step has a double structure including an outer vessel 2 and a
反応容器3は、固形状有機性廃棄物である生ごみ、プラスチック等を原料として投入する投入口7と、生産物である乾燥粉末材を取り出す取出口8と、排蒸気および排ガスの排出口9と、飽和水蒸気を供給する第1蒸気供給口10を備えている。また、外套容器2は、飽和水蒸気を供給する第2蒸気供給口11を備えており、第1蒸気供給口10および第2蒸気供給口11が飽和蒸気供給源13に接続している。
The
亜臨界反応容器1では、固形状有機性廃棄物である生ごみ、プラスチック等の有機性廃棄物を原料として投入口7から反応容器3内に投入し、第1蒸気供給口10から反応容器3に飽和水蒸気を供給する。反応容器3の内部ではモータ6で回転駆動する攪拌羽根4が原料を高温高圧下で攪拌しながら取出口8へ向けて移送する。
In the subcritical reaction vessel 1, organic waste such as garbage and plastic, which are solid organic waste, is introduced as a raw material into the
反応容器3の内部では、運転条件:常温〜235℃、常圧〜3MPa、昇温昇圧時間1〜3時間、最大温度圧力保持時間5分以上で亜臨界反応(亜臨界状態での水熱反応)させて、蒸気間接加熱等により乾燥粉末化させる。このとき、第2蒸気供給口11から外套容器2に供給する飽和水蒸気により反応容器3が所定温度以上に保たれる。
Inside the
生産した乾燥粉末材14は取出口8から外部へ取り出し、排蒸気および排ガス15は排出口9から外部へ取り出す。この乾燥粉末材14は原料に近い高発熱量を持ち、衛生的で取り扱い容易な粉末であり、亜臨界反応で水蒸気処理されているので、セミ賦活化(活性炭は完全賦活化されて活性が出る)されており、炭素主体の多孔質物性になっている。
The produced
一方、液状有機性廃棄物処理工程は、汚泥処理センター等の水処理施設16において行い、液状有機性廃棄物であるし尿、浄化槽汚泥、下水処理汚泥等を水処理施設16で水処理し、生じる余剰汚泥を汚泥脱水処理(又は乾燥)17する。
On the other hand, the liquid organic waste treatment process is performed in the
液状有機性廃棄物処理工程の生産物である脱水汚泥もしくは乾燥汚泥18は、固形状有機性廃棄物処理工程の生産物である乾燥粉末材14と混合して再資源化材となし、助燃材19、堆肥化材20を生産して有効利用を図る。
The dehydrated sludge or dried
この際に、脱水汚泥(乾燥汚泥)18は粘性が非常に高いものであるが、この脱水汚泥又は乾燥汚泥を高カロリーの助燃材とするうえで、乾燥粉末材14の高カロリー性と多孔質による通気性が有効に作用し、乾燥粉末材14の混合により低位発熱量3500kcal/kg以上とすることにより、再資源化原料として加熱等の必要がない原料となる。また、助燃材化等の目的に応じてペレット化も行うこともできる。
At this time, the dehydrated sludge (dried sludge) 18 has a very high viscosity. When the dehydrated sludge or the dried sludge is used as a high-calorie auxiliary material, the high-caloric property and the porous property of the
乾燥粉末材14は原料となる一般廃棄物によっては成分が変動するが、表1に示すように、概ね低位発熱量3500kcal/kgを有している。したがって、乾燥粉末材14の混合により低位発熱量3500kcal/kg以上となる再資源化原料が得られる。
Although the components of the
1 亜臨界反応容器
2 外套容器
3 反応容器
4 攪拌羽根
5 回転軸
6 モータ
7 投入口
8 取出口
9 排出口
10 第1蒸気供給口
11 第2蒸気供給口
13 飽和蒸気供給源
14 乾燥粉末材
15 排ガス
16 水処理施設
17 汚泥脱水処理(又は乾燥)
18 脱水汚泥もしくは乾燥汚泥
19 助燃材
20 堆肥化材
21 冷却水
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Subcritical reaction vessel 2
18 Dehydrated sludge or dried
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JP2005332245A JP4789595B2 (en) | 2005-11-17 | 2005-11-17 | Organic waste treatment method and organic waste treatment system |
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