JP4782461B2 - Rubber composition - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to surface-modified silica, a rubber composition containing the same, and a method for modifying silica. More specifically, the present invention relates to surface modification of silica particles to improve dispersibility in rubber, and to provide excellent reinforcement performance and low performance. The present invention relates to a surface-modified silica that imparts rubber properties such as heat generation and abrasion resistance, a method for modifying the surface-modified silica, and a rubber composition using the surface-modified silica.

  Conventionally, carbon black that can be easily dispersed in rubber and imparted excellent rubber properties has been widely used as a filler for reinforcing rubber. However, in recent years, the rubber composition filled with silica can reduce internal heat generation, has an excellent improvement in tear resistance, and has a free coloring property as compared with a rubber composition filled with carbon black. Silica has been attracting attention as a filler. In particular, in passenger car tires, a rubber composition using a reinforcing material mainly composed of silica is required in order to achieve both low fuel consumption and high grip.

  By the way, carbon black and silica are generally blended into rubber using a rubber kneading device such as a Banbury mixer, but the silica particle surface is covered with silanol groups and has strong self-aggregation, Silica has the disadvantages of being difficult to disperse well in rubber, requiring a long rubber kneading time, and increasing the Mooney viscosity of the rubber composition. It was often used as a material.

  Silica whose surface is covered with highly polar silanol groups lacks interaction with low-polarity rubber rubber, making it difficult to obtain sufficient reinforcement performance. It is indispensable to use a silane coupling agent. For example, by adding a silane coupling agent to a system consisting of a diene rubber and silica, the coupling effect increases the affinity between the rubber and silica particles, and the dispersion Many methods for improving the properties have been disclosed (for example, Patent Document 1).

It has also been proposed to improve the affinity for rubber by modifying the surface of silica particles. For example, monomer treatment on the surface of silica particles to be hydrophobized using a fluorine-containing silane compound and a fluorine-free silane compound in combination (Patent Document 2), a reactive polysiloxane having a hydrolyzable end group or its hydrolysis Surface treatment using at least one kind of decomposition product (Patent Document 3), and coating the surface of silica particles with a polymer layer bonded in a graft form by plasma to modify the surface (Patent Document 4) It is disclosed.
JP-A-3-252431 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-210566 JP 2000-44583 A JP 2000-143230 A

  However, even if a silane coupling agent is used, the reinforcing performance of silica is not as good as that of carbon black, and a large amount of silane coupling agent must be blended in order to exert a sufficient reinforcing effect. there were.

  Further, as described in Patent Document 2, it is difficult to sufficiently modify the interaction with the high molecular weight rubber by the monomer treatment alone, in which the surface of the silica particles is modified by the monomer treatment. The polymer treated with a surfactant such as 3 did not sufficiently penetrate the fine pores of the silica surface pores, so that the interaction with the rubber could not be sufficiently modified.

  As described in Patent Document 4, when the polymer is polymerized in the form of a graft on the silica surface by plasma, the plasma treatment process becomes complicated and large-scale treatment is difficult, and it is practical in terms of cost as silica modification for rubber reinforcement. The disadvantage is not.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and by providing surface-modified silica that improves dispersibility in rubber and improves binding properties with rubber molecules, An object of the present invention is to provide a rubber composition using surface-modified silica capable of enhancing the action and sufficiently exhibiting the features of silica compounding such as reinforcement performance, low heat build-up, and abrasion resistance.

  The present inventor confirmed that silica is impregnated with a low molecular weight compound having a polar group capable of ring-opening polymerization or condensation polymerization in pores on the surface and then polymerized to form a high polarity that strongly binds to silica particles. By covering the silica surface with a polymer having a functional group and a low-polar functional group having strong interaction with rubber, the surface of the silica particles is coated with the polymer, so that silica and rubber having different polarities due to the interposition of the polymer Has been found to be firmly bonded, and the present invention has been completed.

That is, the rubber composition of the present invention is obtained by ring-opening polymerization or polycondensation of a low molecular weight compound having a silica particle surface of 0.1 to 20% by weight based on 100% by weight of the diene rubber component. It is preferable that 20 to 100 parts by weight of surface-modified silica coated with a polymer having a number average molecular weight of 3000 or more is included, and the polymer has a urethane bond, an amide bond, or a plurality of epoxy groups.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the said polymer contains 50 weight% or more of structural parts comprised from at least 1 type of a benzene ring, an ether bond, and a carbon-carbon bond.

The rubber composition of the present invention, prior Symbol diene rubber component preferably contains a rubber component rubber molecules terminally modified by a functional group.

  In addition, the silica modification method of the present invention is a mixture of isocyanate and polyhydric alcohol or amine in the pores on the surface of the silica particles, or has a low number average molecular weight of 1000 or less having two or more epoxy groups in the molecule. Impregnation with a molecular compound, initiation of a polymerization reaction by heat or light, ring-opening polymerization or condensation polymerization of the mixture or low molecular compound to polymerize to a number average molecular weight of 3000 or more, and forming a polymer coating layer on the silica particle surface It is preferable that the treatment amount of the mixture or the low molecular weight compound is 0.1 to 20% by weight with respect to the silica weight.

  In the surface-modified silica according to the present invention, the surface of the silica particles is coated with a polymer having a urethane bond, an amide bond or an epoxy group, so that the highly polar functional group portion and the silica are bonded with a strong physical bond, while the polymer By expressing a strong interaction between the low-polar functional group part of the rubber and the rubber, a strong interaction is generated between the silica and the rubber via the polymer. As a result, a rubber composition is obtained that improves the affinity with rubber and improves the silica dispersibility in the rubber, and improves the rubber properties utilizing the characteristics of silica by enhancing the binding force between silica and rubber. be able to.

  According to the surface-modified silica of the present invention, the rubber composition using the surface-modified silica is excellent in dispersibility in rubber and improves the binding force with rubber molecules. Conventional silica that improves productivity and improves productivity, and enhances the interaction between silica and rubber molecules to fully demonstrate the features of silica compounding such as reinforcement, low heat generation, and wear resistance Excellent rubber properties not obtained by blending can be imparted.

  Although embodiments of the present invention will be described below, it goes without saying that the scope of the present invention is not limited to these examples.

  The silica used in the present invention is not particularly limited. Conventionally, the silica can be arbitrarily selected from silicas obtained by a known method as a filler for reinforcing rubber, and the surface modified silica can be obtained by the modification method according to the present invention. Can be adjusted.

  Examples of such silica include wet silica (hydrous silicic acid), dry silica (anhydrous silicic acid), calcium silicate, aluminum silicate, and the like. Wet silica having the best rolling resistance compatibility is preferred, and is also preferred from the viewpoint of excellent productivity.

The silica has a nitrogen adsorption specific surface area (BET) (measured by a BET method according to ISO 5794) in the range of 50 to 400 m ² / g, preferably 100 to 300 m ² / g. While ensuring the space | gap which can be formed and impregnated with a liquid low molecular weight compound, the characteristic of the rubber composition containing this silica is maintained. That is, the bonding force of BET is insufficient impregnation of 50 m 2 / ^g is less than the pore voids of small low-molecular compound with the silica and the polymer after the polymer is sufficiently hard to obtain silica of more than 400 meters 2 / ^g Is not easy in terms of silica production.

  As the low molecular weight compound capable of ring-opening polymerization or polycondensation used in the surface-modified silica of the present invention, those having a urethane bond, an amide bond or a plurality of epoxy groups in the polymer after polymerization are preferable. Examples thereof include a mixture with alcohol or amine, or a low molecular compound having two or more epoxy groups in the molecule and having a number average molecular weight of 1000 or less.

  The isocyanate has an isocyanate group in the molecule and reacts with a hydroxyl group or an amino group to form a urethane bond or an amide bond. Diisocyanate or polymeric methylene-bis (4-phenylisocyanate) (p-MDI) And polyisocyanates such as triphenylmethane triisocyanate, tris (phenylisocyanate) thiophosphate, allophanate-modified tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), biuret-modified TDI, and glycerin-modified TDI.

  Polyhydric alcohols are generally called polyols, and include hexamethylene glycol, ethylene glycol, glycerin, polyether, polytetramethylene glycol, polyester glycol, polycarbonate, and hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene.

  Examples of the amine include diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, hexamethylenediamine, tetraethylenepentamine, and hexamethylenediamine carbamate.

  The mixing ratio of the isocyanate and the polyhydric alcohol or amine is 100 to 2000 parts of the polyhydric alcohol or amine with respect to 100 parts of the isocyanate and undergoes addition polymerization by ring-opening or condensation to form a urethane bond or an amide bond. A polymer having a number average molecular weight of 3000 or more is polymerized.

  Examples of the low molecular compound having two or more epoxy groups in the molecule include an epoxy initial condensate obtained by a combination of epichlorohydrin and bisphenol A or a polyhydric alcohol.

  When the epoxy initial condensate is reacted by adding an amine such as diethylenetriamine or triethylenetetramine or a curing agent of an acid anhydride such as phthalic anhydride, the epoxy group is ring-opened and subjected to addition polymerization to give a number average molecular weight of 3000. The above epoxy polymer (epoxy resin) is produced.

  The number average molecular weight of the mixture of the isocyanate and polyhydric alcohol or the epoxy initial condensate is preferably a low molecular weight of 1000 or less. When the molecular weight exceeds 1000, the liquid viscosity increases, and the pores of the silica pores increase. The impregnation of the low molecular weight compound is insufficient, and sufficient bonding strength between silica and polymer cannot be obtained.

  In the polymer thus obtained, a urethane bond, an amide bond, and a hydroxyl group of an epoxy polymer become a highly polar functional group, and a polymer having a low polar functional group present elsewhere is polymerized. And silica are strongly bonded by a physical bond, while a low-polar functional group portion of the polymer and a rubber molecule generate a strong interaction. As a result, a silica surface polymer is interposed between the silica and the rubber. Strong interaction.

  If the number average molecular weight of the polymer after the polymerization is less than 3000, the polar functional group portion in the polymer is not sufficiently generated, and the interaction between the polymer, silica and rubber molecules cannot be obtained, and the present invention cannot be achieved.

  In the present invention, a mixture of the above isocyanate and a polyhydric alcohol or amine, or a plurality of epoxy initial condensates may be used in combination, and a synergistic effect by the combination can be obtained.

  Further, the polymer contains 50% by weight or more of a structural portion composed of at least one of a benzene ring containing a carbon atom serving as a low polar functional group, an ether bond and a carbon-carbon bond in the molecular structure of the polymer. Preferably, the affinity with the low-polar hydrocarbon-based rubber molecule can be increased to further improve the interaction.

  Further, in the method for modifying silica of the present invention, the pores on the surface of the silica particles are impregnated with a low molecular compound composed of a mixture of the above-mentioned liquid isocyanate and polyhydric alcohol or amine or an epoxy initial condensate, and heat or A polymerization reaction is started by light, and addition polymerization is performed by ring-opening or condensation to form a polymer, thereby forming a polymer coating layer on the surface of silica particles.

  In the present invention, the method for impregnating the low molecular weight compound into the pores of the silica surface is not particularly limited, as long as the low molecular weight compound can be impregnated to every corner of the pore space, and the surplus monomer is added to the silica surface. As long as it covers at least partially.

  As the impregnation method, for example, a method in which a low molecular weight compound is dropped and stirred in silica particles being stirred in a container, a method in which a low molecular weight compound is sprayed in silica particles, or a container containing silica particles is evacuated. For example, a method of impregnating silica in pores using the vapor pressure of a low molecular weight compound can be used.

  The amount of the low-molecular compound treated relative to silica is about 0.1 to 20% by weight relative to the silica weight. When the treatment amount is less than 0.1% by weight, the impregnation amount of the low molecular compound into the pores of the silica surface and the absolute amount of polymer formation are insufficient, and the bonding force between the silica and the polymer and the bonding between the polymer and the rubber The force becomes weak, and as a result, the bonding force between silica and rubber becomes insufficient. On the other hand, when the treatment amount is increased beyond 20% by weight, the polymer coating region becomes too large and the silanol groups on the silica surface are covered, so that the coupling effect is reduced and the reinforcing property may be lowered.

  In the ring-opening polymerization or condensation polymerization, a polymerization reaction is initiated by heat or light to polymerize a low molecular weight compound. For example, polymerization by heat is performed while stirring silica impregnated with a low molecular weight compound in a container. It is obtained by heating to 150 ° C., and polymerization by light is performed by irradiating light at a constant temperature.

  The low molecular weight compound coated on the surface of the silica particles is polymerized to have a number average molecular weight of 3000 or more, thereby generating an interaction with the highly polar functional group portion of the polymer, and the polymer has a throwing effect in the silica pores. In addition to obtaining a strong physical bond as described above, at least a part of the surface of the silica particles is organically formed continuously with the polymer in the pores, and the rubber is coated with a polymer having a low polar functional group. A surface-modified silica that improves the affinity is obtained.

  The rubber composition of the present invention is used by blending the surface-modified silica with a rubber component. As the rubber component, diene rubber is preferable, and diene such as natural rubber (NR), isoprene rubber (IR), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), butadiene rubber (BR), nitrile rubber (NBR), chloroprene rubber (CR) and the like. A synthetic rubber is exemplified, and one kind or a blend of two or more kinds thereof can be used. In addition to diene rubber, a small amount of non-diene rubber components such as butyl rubber (IIR) and ethylene propylene rubber (EPM, EPDM) may be blended.

  In addition, the rubber component preferably includes a rubber component in which the end of the rubber molecule is modified with a functional group. Examples of the functional group include a hydroxyl group, an amino group, a carboxyl group, an amide group, and the like. IR, SBR, BR etc. can be used, and the interaction with the polymer on the silica surface can be enhanced.

  The silica compounding amount of the rubber composition is 20 to 100 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the diene rubber component, and if it is less than 20 parts by weight, silica reinforcing performance, low heat build-up, grip properties, etc. cannot be obtained. If it exceeds 100 parts by weight, the rubber hardness increases with the increase in Mooney viscosity and the workability deteriorates, and the wear resistance, grip properties, performance on ice and the like decrease.

  The surface-modified silica according to the present invention can be mixed with a rubber component and other compounding components by an ordinary method, and vulcanization can be performed by the same vulcanization method as in the case of conventional general silica compounding. it can.

  Moreover, in the rubber composition of this invention, the silane coupling agent used by the conventional silica mixing | blending can be used together. There is no restriction | limiting in particular as a silane coupling agent, For example, the well-known thing used conventionally, for example, bis (3-trimethylsilylpropyl) tetrasulfide, (gamma) -mercaptopropyl triethoxysilane, (gamma) -aminopropyl triethoxysilane, N-phenyl-α-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-β- (aminoethyl) -γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl-N, N-dimethylthiocarbamoyl-tetrasulfide, 2-benzothiazyl Examples include -3-trimethoxysilylpropyl tetrasulfide.

  The compounding quantity of a silane coupling agent is normally selected in the range of 1 to 20% by weight with respect to the amount of silica. If this amount is less than 1% by weight, the effect as a coupling agent is not sufficiently exhibited. If it exceeds 20% by weight, the rubber component may be gelled, and the coupling effect is also limited.

  In addition to the rubber component and surface-modified silica, the rubber composition of the present invention includes a reinforcing agent such as carbon black that is usually used as a rubber compounding agent, a vulcanizing agent such as sulfur, a vulcanization accelerator, and a process oil. In addition, various compounding agents such as anti-aging agent, zinc white, stearic acid, and vulcanization aid are appropriately blended and used as needed within the range not impairing the effects of the present invention.

  In the present invention, the rubber component, the surface-modified silica, and each compounding agent are blended and mixed according to a conventional method using various kneaders such as a Banbury mixer, a roll, and a kneader, to prepare a rubber composition.

  This rubber composition is vulcanized after molding and can be used for tire applications such as tire treads, sidewalls, bead parts, etc., and for anti-vibration rubber, belts, hoses and other industrial products and rubber parts. .

  In particular, it can be suitably used as a tire tread rubber, and the obtained pneumatic tire is excellent in low fuel consumption, grip and wear resistance, and the processability of the rubber composition is good. Productivity is also excellent.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on examples in which the rubber composition according to the present invention is applied to a tread rubber of a pneumatic tire. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[Adjustment of surface-modified silica]
Polymeric methylene-bis (4-phenylisocyanate) (p-MDI) and polytetramethylene glycol (PTMG) against silica (Tokuyama Co., Ltd., Nipseal AQ, BET = 200 m ² / g) stirred at room temperature ) With a weight ratio of p-MDI / PTMG = 0.64 / 2.36 to the silica weight at a treatment amount (% by weight) shown in Table 1 and mixed, The holes were impregnated. Next, the impregnated silica is heated in air at 100 ° C. for the treatment time (hours) shown in Table 1, and the mixture is subjected to addition polymerization to prepare urethane-modified silicas A to D coated with a polymer. did. A polymer is extracted from each modified silica and analyzed by GPC (gel permeation chromatograph) method (GPC: Tosoh HLC-8020, column: Tosoh GMH-XL (two in series) is used) to analyze the number average molecular weight. Measured and shown in Table 1.

[Preparation of rubber composition]
The above-mentioned surface modified silica and conventional unmodified silica in the blending amount (parts by weight) shown in Table 2 with respect to 100 parts by weight of styrene butadiene rubber (manufactured by JSR Corporation, SBR1500), the following common blending Each rubber composition was prepared by blending with an agent (parts by weight) and mixing using a 20 liter capacity closed Banbury mixer. Here, the compounding amount of the surface-modified silica was adjusted according to the silica content of the unmodified silica of Comparative Example 1.

[Common ingredients]
・ Zinc flower: 2 parts by weight (Mitsui Metal Mining Co., Ltd., Zinc flower No. 1)
・ Stearic acid: 2 parts by weight (manufactured by Kao Soap Co., Ltd., stearic acid T for rubber)
-Anti-aging agent 6C: 2 parts by weight (Ouchi Shinsei Chemical Co., Ltd., Nocrack 6C)
Silane coupling agent: 6 parts by weight (Degussa, Si69)
・ Sulfur: 2.1 parts by weight (manufactured by Hosoi Chemical Co., Ltd., rubber powder sulfur 150 mesh)
・ Vulcanization accelerator CZ: 2 parts by weight (Ouchi Shinsei Chemical Co., Ltd., Noxeller CZ)

  Each rubber composition was subjected to the following tests to evaluate rubber properties and tire performance (rolling resistance, wet performance), and the results are shown in Table 2.

[Rubber properties]
A tensile test (using No. 3 dumbbell) was performed in accordance with JIS K6251 and tensile moduli of 100% and 300% elongation (indicated as 100% Mo and 300% Mo in the table) were measured. The larger the value, the higher the elastic modulus.

[Rolling resistance]
When a radial tire for a passenger car of size 195 / 60R15, in which each rubber composition is applied to a tread rubber, is manufactured, and when running on a drum at an internal pressure of 200 kPa, a load load of 400 kg, and a speed of 80 km / h using a single-screw drum tester. The rolling resistance was measured, and the rolling resistance index of each test tire was calculated by the following formula. The larger the value, the better the fuel efficiency. Rolling resistance (index) = (Rolling resistance of tire of Comparative Example 1) × 100 / (Rolling resistance of each tire)

[Wet performance]
Adjust the internal pressure of 200 kPa to a Japanese passenger car with a displacement of 2000 cc and install the four tires above, measure the distance to stop by applying a sudden brake while passing through an asphalt road surface submerged in a depth of 2 to 3 mm at a speed of 60 Km / h, The wet braking performance index of each test tire was calculated by the following formula, and the wet performance was evaluated. The larger the value, the better and better the braking performance. Wet braking performance (index) = (stop distance of test tire of Comparative Example 1) × 100 / (stop distance of each tire)

[Abrasion resistance]
Two types of the above tires are installed on a domestic passenger car with a displacement of 2000 cc, the internal pressure is adjusted to 200 kPa and attached to the front wheels and the rear wheels, respectively. After running 20,000 km on a general road while rotating every 5,000 km, The residual groove depth of the tread was measured to determine the amount of wear, and the wear resistance index of each test tire was calculated by the following formula to evaluate the wear resistance. The higher the value, the better the wear resistance. Abrasion resistance (index) = (Abrasion amount of test tire of Comparative Example 1) × 100 / (Abrasion amount of each test tire)

  As shown in Table 2, the rubber composition of Example 1 improves the rubber properties by improving the silica dispersibility in the rubber and increasing the binding force with the rubber to improve the rubber properties. This is because the modulus is improved as compared with Comparative Example 1 using the modified silica. That is, it has the characteristics of silica compounding with improved reinforcing performance and excellent fracture characteristics, wear resistance and low heat build-up, and as a result, the tire in which the rubber composition of Example 1 is applied to the tread has rolling resistance. And wet performance to improve fuel economy and grip, improve wear resistance, and good rubber composition mixing and processability, resulting in excellent tire productivity .

  On the other hand, in Comparative Example 2, since the heat treatment time is short, the polymer molecular weight is small due to insufficient polymerization reaction, and the interaction between the coating polymer and silica and rubber becomes insufficient. Since the amount of polymer coating on the surface is small and the affinity with rubber is not sufficient, the effect as in the example cannot be obtained. The effect is not expressed and the features of silica blending cannot be utilized.

The surface-modified silica of the present invention improves affinity with rubber, improves dispersibility in rubber, and enhances the interaction by obtaining a strong bond with rubber molecules. The rubber composition using high-quality silica effectively expresses the features of silica, is suitable for treads of pneumatic tires, and is widely used in rubber products such as anti-vibration rubber, belts, and rubber parts for various applications. can do.

Claims (4)

For 100 parts by weight of the diene rubber component,
20 to 20 surface-modified silica coated with a polymer having a number average molecular weight of 3000 or more obtained by ring-opening polymerization or condensation polymerization of a low molecular weight compound having a silica particle surface of 0.1 to 20% by weight based on the silica weight. Including 100 parts by weight
The rubber composition characterized by the above-mentioned. The rubber composition according to claim 1, wherein the polymer that covers the surface of the silica particles in the surface-modified silica has a urethane bond, an amide bond, or a plurality of epoxy groups. The polymer which coats the surface of silica particles in the surface-modified silica contains 50% by weight or more of a structural portion composed of at least one of a benzene ring, an ether bond and a carbon-carbon bond. 2. The rubber composition according to 2 . The rubber composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the diene rubber component includes a rubber component in which a rubber molecule terminal is modified by a functional group.