JP4778604B2 - Structural member joining method and joining apparatus - Google Patents

Description

【００３９】
なお、表中の強度は、ＪＩＳのＺ３１３６，Ｚ３１３７に基づいて実施した。ここで、パンチ４は底面が角形□５×６ｍｍ寸法でテーパになっており、ダイス５も溝部の深さは２．５ｍｍ寸法のものである。また、これらは、一般的なせん断カシメを行うものを選定し、この同じものを使用して評価テストを行った。
【００４０】
この実験結果について、わかりやすく解析・評価するため、たとえば、接合部材２１と被接合部材２２の２種類の構造部材２について、それらの板厚（下板，上板）が次の３種類、即ち
「Ａ」：（１．６，２．３），
「Ｂ」：（１．６，３．２），
「Ｃ」：（１．６，４．５）
の場合を例にとると、先の（１）〜（３）の関係についての相関は、図３（Ａ）〜（Ｃ）のようになる。
【００４１】
これにより、各板厚の組合せ毎に最高強度となる加圧条件を見いだすとともに、そのときに最も低い加圧力で最高強度になる板厚の組合せ（図３（Ａ）ではＡがこれに相当する）を見いだし、そのときのカシメ後の板厚寸法を「固有距離Ｌ」とする。従って、この表１から分かるように、最も低い加圧条件で最高強度を得るのは、ＳＳ４００、ｔ２．３の場合である。この実施の形態１では、かかる条件下で、カシメ後のカシメ部分の板厚寸法を測定したところ、１．５ｍｍのデータを得たので、これを「固有距離Ｌ」とした。
【００４２】
なお、このパンチ４先端部分とダイス５底面部分との間の距離をその「固有距離Ｌ」に合わせる方法としては、図２において、カシメ加圧シリンダ６の設置位置を動かして調整してもよいし、ロッド６１にスペーサ６２を挟んだりして調整してもよい。これにより、カシメ加圧シリンダ６の下死点を合わせるように調整することができる。さらにまた、カシメ装置にメカニカルストッパを設けることで調整してもよい。
【００４３】
このような構成とすることで、例えば図３において、組合せ「Ｂ」や「Ｃ」などの金属板厚でカシメ接合するときに、それぞれの組合せで最高強度になる加圧条件で加圧力を加えても、組合せ「Ａ」でカシメ接合を行う場合に、「固有距離Ｌ」以上にカシメられることがなく、カシメ後の接合部は最適な板厚となる。
【００４４】
なお、組合せ「Ｂ」や「Ｃ」などの金属板厚でカシメ接合するときには、各々の最適加圧に設定することが望ましいが、加圧条件の変更が煩わしく、同一の加圧条件でカシメたい場合には、「Ｂ」、「Ｃ」の加圧力と強度との関係から、最適な条件を設定すればよい。但し、この場合、接合部分の要求強度との兼ね合いによるものとする。
【００４５】
また、この実施の形態１では、被接合部材２２を位置決めしたり、所定の位置にクランプさせるため、例えば図４に示すように、ストリッパ７を使用している。このストリッパ７は、カシメ時にパンチ４を接合部材２１に押し込んだ時に、パンチ４を引き抜きやすくするためのものであり、通常、ウレタンゴムなどのゴムリングをパンチ周囲に取り付けたり、スプリングの付いたプレートやバーを用いる構造のものである。この実施の形態１では、同図に示すように、スプリング７１の付いたプレート７２（或いはバーでもよい）を用いている。このストリッパ７によれば、カシメ時に、パンチ４が被接合部材２２に押し込まれると、スプリング７１が圧縮され、パンチ４を被接合部材２２から引き抜くための反力が発生するようになっている。
【００４６】
特に、この実施の形態１では、ストリッパ７として設けたプレート７２を磁石で構成しており、被接合部材２２をプレート７２にセットし、把持することで、位置決めやクランプ用の治具をなくすことができるようになっている。
【００４７】
次に、カシメ後の板厚と強度との関係より、強度低下があまり起こらないように、カシメ後の板厚を各種材料の種類や板厚での組合せで判断し、加圧力を８．６トンに設定して、再度、カシメ接合強度の評価実験を行った。
【００４８】
この際の実験結果を次に表２に示す。
【００４９】
【表２】

【００５０】
この表２からわかるように、カシメ後の板厚は、ステレス材で薄くなるが、「固有距離Ｌ」を確保しているから、カシメ後の接合部での板厚は，１．５ｍｍよりは小さくならない。その結果、強度低下があまり起こらずに、充分な強度が確保できるようになる。また、ステンレス材の板厚が６．０ｍｍでは、加圧力が不足ぎみになり、最適なカシメ後の板厚よりカシメ後の板厚が少し厚くなったが、充分な強度を得ることができた。また、比較例として、固定型ダイスで丸パンチ４を使用した場合の接合条件を次の表３に示す。
【００５１】
【表３】

【００５２】
なお、この比較例では、この実施の形態１との比較を容易にするため、パンチ４の径を全ての板厚、材料の種類について、同じ条件とした。なお、この場合、そのカシメ接合に使用するツールとしては、３種類のもの、即ち、ダイス深さ２ｍｍ及びダイス径φ８のもの、ダイス深さ３ｍｍ及びダイス径φ８のもの、そして、ダイス深さ３ｍｍ及びダイス径φ１０のものが必要になる。
【００５３】
なお、この実施の形態１で使用されるストリッパ７としては、図４に示すように、段差Ｓを設けて、その段差Ｓに被接合部材２２を突き当てた状態で位置決めし、このストリッパ７の被接合部材２２との突当面に埋め込まれた磁石、例えば永久磁石により、被接合部材２２を把持し、位置決めすることができる。なお、この磁石として、永久磁石の代わりに電磁石を使用してもよい。これにより、通常は、ワークのセット、ワークの位置決め、締結、という４段階の作業ステップを有するものが、ストリッパへワークをセット、締結、という２段階のステップでカシメ作業を行うことができるようになり、作業工程を簡素化することができる。
【００５４】
次に、この発明に係る実施の形態１の建物ユニットの構造部材接合装置１を使用した構造部材２の接合方法について説明する。
【００５５】
図５において、接合部材２１と被接合部材２２との２枚の板状の構造部材２を使用して、これらをカシメ接合するものであるが、パンチ４側の接合部材２１には、被接合部材２２よりも板厚の大きな方を用いる。このように、パンチ４側の構造部材に板厚が薄いものを使用しないのは、薄板側からパンチを押し込むと、板厚比が大きい場合には、薄板側が絞られ過ぎて、カシメ不可能となるからである。
（１）初めに、図５において、厚板（接合部材２１）側からパンチ４を押し込むような位置関係となるように、カシメ装置（スポットクリンチ）に、可動型のパンチ４とダイス５とをセットするとともに、これらの間に、ワークである被接合部材２１と接合部材２２との２枚の板状の構造部材２をセットする。この場合、パンチ４先端部分とダイス５底面部分間の距離をあらかじめ決定されている「固有距離Ｌ」となるように調整する。
【００５６】
なお、この発明に係る建物ユニットの場合には、例えば図６及び図７に示すように、厚板である接合部材２１側には床小梁２１Ａを、薄板である被接合部材２２側には、桁梁２２Ａが対応している。また、この接合部材２１と被接合部材２２である床小梁２１Ａと桁梁２２Ａとの２枚の板状の構造部材２の板厚比は、１：３以上でもカシメ接合させることができる。
（２）次に、被接合部材２２をストリッパ７の磁石を設けたプレート７２にセットし、磁力で把持する。これにより、通常は、必要な位置決めやクランプを行わなくても済む。
（３）その後、最適加圧条件下で、カシメ装置を作動すれば、パンチ４とダイス５間に設定された接合部分でカシメが行われる。そのカシメ接合が行われた後、パンチ４の引き抜きはストリッパ７に設けたスプリング７１で行われる。
【００５７】
【実施の形態２】
次に、この発明の実施の形態２に係る建物ユニットの構造部材接合装置について説明する。なお、この実施の形態２では、実施の形態１と同一もしくは均等部分については、同一符号を付して説明を省略する。
【００５８】
この実施の形態２に係るパンチ８及びダイス９については、図８に示すように、十字型のものを使用しており、図９に示す十字型のカシメ部分を形成する。
【００５９】
即ち、この実施の形態２に係るパンチ８では、十字型の突部８１の各外側端部には面取り８２が施されている。一方、ダイス９には、図８及び図１０に示すように、十字型の溝部９１が穿設されているとともに、その溝９１を囲む凸状の受部９２の中心側端部には、面取り９３が施されている。また、ダイス９の受部９２には、図１０に示すように、受部９２を可動するゴムリング９４がダイス９の円周方向に設けられており、カシメ前にはそのゴムリング９４で受部９２がダイス９の中心側に押し付けられている。
【００６０】
次に、この発明に係る実施の形態２の建物ユニットの構造部材接合装置１０を使用した構造部材２の接合方法について説明する。
（１）十字型のパンチ８とダイス９とを十字の方向を位置合わせした状態で、かつ、中心軸も合わせた状態でセットされたカシメ装置（加圧装置）に、図９に示すように、ワークである接合部材２１と被接合部材２２とをセットする。その際に、被接合部材２２はダイス９の受部９２上面に接しており、この受部９２には、ゴムリング９４でダイス９中心方向に、押し付けられている。
（２）加圧力を加えてパンチ８を被接合部材２２へ押し込んでいくと、図９に示すように、接合部材２１と被接合部材２２とにおいて、接合部位が十字型にせん断されつつ、ダイス９に被接合部材２２が押し流されていく。そして、ダイス９の溝部９１深さ（底面部分まで）だけ押し込まれると、せん断面が形成される。これは、ダイス９の溝部９１の深さ寸法が、被接合部材２２（下板）よりも大きいためである。
（３）さらに、加圧力が加わり、パンチ８とダイス９とに挟まれた接合部材２１が圧縮され、潰れた金属部分が被接合部材２２の厚さ方向に流れようとする。
（４）ダイス９の面取りされている部分から潰された接合部材２１（上板）の金属部分が広がり、面取り分の隙間があるため、この部分から優先的に金属が塑性流動していく。そして、この接合部材２１（上板）の塑性流動する金属部分が、この半径方向に広がり、被接合部材２２（下板）との引っ掛かりを生じる。
（５）このとき、ダイス９の受部９２に接する被接合部材２２は、金属の塑性流動により押し広げられ、引っ掛かり部分をより多く取ることができるようになる。なお、この実施の形態２では、ＳＳ４００どうしで、ｔ４．５とｔ１．６及びｔ３．２とｔ１．６の組合せで行った。このカシメ接合を行う場合の接合条件と、締結強度との関係を表４に示す。また、ここで、上板とはパンチ８側の接合部材２１、下板とはダイス９側の被接合部材２２のことをいう。
【００６１】
【表４】

【００６２】
この場合、表中のせん断強度は従来の角形パンチのカシメと同様の直交する２方向について、ＪＩＳ Ｚ３１３６、Ｚ３１３７に基づいて測定したが、この２方向について、締結強度に差はなかった。このように、この実施の形態２によれば、強度に方向性のないせん断カシメが実現でき、低い加圧力で、高強度な締結が行えるようになる。
【００６３】
しかも、この実施の形態２によれば、回転方向についての締結強度が、通常のカシメ接合よりも強くなる効果が得られるとともに、位置決め手段やクランプ治具を別途必要としないものである。
【００６４】
更に、この実施の形態２によれば、接合部分でのせん断強度に方向性がなく、接合部分での気密性や水密性を良好な状態に確保できるようになり、建築用ユニットとして錆やカビの発生防止などの効果をもたらすことができる。
【００６５】
以上、この発明の実施の形態を説明してきたが、本発明は上記実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲の設計変更が可能である。例えば、前記ユニット建物に代え、建物用のパネル等に適用してもよい。
【００６６】
【発明の効果】
以上説明してきたように、請求項１の発明によれば、前記カシメ装置の前記パンチに設けられた突部と、前記ダイスに設けられた溝部とが、これらでせん断される部材のせん断面を、互いに直交する十字形となるように接合する。
このため、接合部分でのせん断強度に方向性がなく、接合部分での気密性や水密性を確保できるようになり、建築用の建物ユニットやパネルとして好都合で、錆やカビの発生などを防止することができる。
また、請求項２，３の発明によれば、カシメによる構造部材としての厚板と、この厚板よりも薄い薄板との接合を行う際、前記パンチの先端部分と前記ダイスの底面部分との間の距離を調整可能な接合装置を用い、パンチの先端部分とダイスの底面部分との間の距離を調整して、パンチを、厚板側からプレスしてせん断し、薄板側からも加圧する。このため、強度低下を伴うことなく、必要充分な強度を確保できる。
【００６７】
このように、カシメにより構造部材同士の接合が行われるので、接合時に熱に起因した反りを伴うことがなく、床部分などでの接合において不陸の発生を防止することができる。また、メッキを施してある構造部材の接合であっても、熱に伴うメッキの蒸発が防止できるから、後補修が不要となる。
更に、同一のカシメ装置を使用する場合であっても、締結力を向上させることができるようになっており、カシメ部位の全体での板厚が、大きく異なる場合であっても、確実にカシメて接合させることができる。
そのうえ、構造部材の接合面に平行な回転力について強いばかりか、カシメ加圧力がそれ程大きくなくても済み、しかもせん断面の方向によらず大きな強度が得られるとともに、水密性や気密性が完全に保証される。このため、錆やカビなどの発生原因となる湿度や水分が外部から侵入するのを遮断することができ、建物ユニットの構造部材の接合方法として好適である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の実施の形態１の建物ユニットの構造部材接合装置で、要部の構成を示す説明図である。
【図２】実施の形態１の構造部材接合装置で、パンチとダイスとの取り付け位置関係を示す説明図である。
【図３】各種の厚さの構造部材の組合せを用いたときのカシメ加圧力と、強度と、カシメ後の板厚との関係を示すものであり、（Ａ）は加圧力とカシメ後の板厚、（Ｂ）はカシメ後の板厚と加圧力、（Ｃ）はカシメ加圧力と強度との相関図である。
【図４】実施の形態１の構造部材接合装置であるカシメ装置に用いるストリッパなどを示す斜視図である。
【図５】（Ａ）、（Ｂ）、（Ｃ）は、実施の形態１の構造部材接合装置であるカシメ装置によるカシメ方法を示す工程図である。
【図６】実施の形態１に係るカシメ装置を建物ユニットに適用したときの説明図である。
【図７】実施の形態１に係るカシメ装置の取り付け状態を示す側面図である。
【図８】本発明の実施の形態２の建物ユニットの構造部材接合装置であるカシメ装置を示す斜視図である。
【図９】実施の形態２の構造部材接合装置であるカシメ装置によるカシメ部分を示す斜視図である。
【図１０】実施の形態２に係るカシメ装置のダイスを示す断面図である。
【図１１】（Ａ）は従来の角形パンチ及びダイスを示す斜視図、（Ｂ）は従来の角形パンチ及びダイスを示す斜視図である。
【図１２】（Ａ）は従来の角形パンチ及びダイスで構造部材がカシメられた状態を示す斜視図、（Ｂ）は従来の丸形パンチ及びダイスで構造部材がカシメられた状態を示す斜視図である。
【符号の説明】
１ 構造部材接合装置
２ 構造部材
２１ 被接合部材（上板）
２２ 接合部材（下板）
３ ベース
４ パンチ
５ ダイス
６ カシメ加圧シリンダ
６１ ロッド
６２ スペーサ
７ ストリッパ
７１ スプリング
７２ プレート
８ パンチ
８１ 突部
８２ 面取り
９ ダイス
９１ 溝部
９２ 受部
９３ 面取り
９４ ゴムリング[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a house, a building, and the like, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for joining a structural member such as a building unit for joining a plurality of structural members.
[0002]
[Prior art]
For example, a unit building is known in which a building unit produced in a factory in advance is transported to a construction site, and then a plurality of structural members are joined together in a horizontal and vertical direction. .
[0003]
By the way, usually, welding, for example, arc welding, spot welding, or the like has been used as a joining means for such metal parts. Moreover, the thing by dry joining, such as a rivet and a volt | bolt as described in Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 7-000616 is also used.
[0004]
Among the building units formed by joining in this way, for example, for the floor portion, height dimensional accuracy is important. In particular, when this floor portion is constituted by a structural member, it is necessary to ensure the positioning accuracy of the joining member and the member to be joined that are combined at the time of joining in order to perform important dimensional management.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, when forming the building unit, if the joint portion is welded, the structural member warps or the plating layer applied to the surface of the structural member evaporates due to the influence of heat generated during welding, Repair may be required.
[0006]
On the other hand, in the case of dry bonding, there is no possibility of causing such a trouble, which is advantageous in that respect. However, if a screw such as a rivet or a bolt is used, the production cost is increased accordingly. In addition, in this case, it is necessary to make a pilot hole in advance in accordance with the joining site, but such a drilling operation is difficult. Moreover, although not normally used in such a building unit, as a means for joining structural members, for example, a joining method using caulking is known. However, when performing such caulking joining, it is not possible to carry out any of them freely, and there are usually the following restrictions.
(1) The thickness ratio of the two structural members to be joined is 1: 3 or less,
(2) If the thickness of the caulking structural member changes greatly (for example, 2 mm or more), the entire caulking device, such as a punch or die, that is used for the caulking, must be replaced according to the thickness. If you can not do a good caulking,
The inconvenience is caused.
[0007]
Moreover, in such welding joining and caulking joining, it is necessary to position and clamp the joining member when joining the joining member to the joining member. For this reason, clamping is performed so as not to interfere with the caulking device or the welding device. It is necessary to install a jig.
[0008]
Therefore, for example, when caulking and joining, if the thickness and material of the structural members used in the building unit vary greatly depending on the building unit used, several types of caulking devices are prepared and replaced according to the size. This is inefficient and unproductive, leading to increased costs.
[0009]
Further, as shown in FIG. 11, for example, as shown in FIG. 11, there are a square punch 51 and a die 52, and a round punch 61 and a die 62. For example, when two metal plates (hereinafter referred to as the upper plate 21 and the lower plate 22) are squeezed and joined with a square type when they are squeezed and joined, for example, as shown in FIG. As described above, the square punch 51 is pushed into the structural members 21 and 22 to be sheared so that the two surfaces are sheared, and the plastic metal that has flowed in the upper plate 21 is hooked on the lower plate 22 from the sheared surface. Yes.
[0010]
On the other hand, when caulking with a round type, for example, as described in JP-A-6-315836, the round punch 61 is pushed into the metal plates 21 and 22, and in FIG. The metal is plastically flowed, and the hook portion of the upper plate 21 is formed on the lower plate 22 and fastened.
[0011]
By the way, for example, in the caulking device provided with such a square punch 51 and the die 52, the force in the rotational direction along the planar portions of the structural members 21 and 22 is strong. Moreover, since the structural members 21 and 22 are sheared to cause the upper plate 21 that is the metal plate on the punch side to plastically flow from the shear surface, it is hooked and joined to the lower plate 22 that is the structural member on the die side. Compared to the caulking device, the metal of the upper plate 21 tends to flow. For this reason, when joining the same kind of material and plate thickness, there is an effect that the caulking pressure may be slightly low, which is convenient in this respect.
[0012]
However, in such a caulking device, directionality is generated in the shear strength of the joint portion, and the shear strength in the direction perpendicular to the shear plane of the structural members 21 and 22 is high, but the shear strength in the parallel direction is not so much. It is inconvenient that it is not expensive.
[0013]
On the other hand, the caulking device provided with the round punch 61 and the die 62 is weak against rotational force along the plane portions of the structural members 21 and 22 and has poor airtightness and watertightness at the joint portion. It is causing inconvenience.
[0014]
Therefore, in view of the above-described circumstances, the present invention can prevent the occurrence of warping at the joint portion, and even if the plate thickness or material of the structural member used for the building unit or the like changes greatly, the size of the member can be adjusted according to the size. There is no need to prepare and replace various types of caulking devices, there is no need to install a clamping jig, there is no directionality in the shear strength of the joint, and it is strong against the force in the rotational direction. An object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for joining a structural member such as a building unit having good air tightness and water tightness at a joined portion.
[0015]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
  In order to solve the above-described problem, the invention described in claim 1 is a joining device that joins a plurality of constituent members using a caulking device having a punch and a die. Protrusions having a substantially cross-shaped cross section provided and grooves having a substantially cross-shape having a size into which the protrusions of the punch fit in a plan view provided on the die.In addition, the outer end portion of the projecting portion having a substantially cross-shaped cross section of the punch is chamfered, and the center-side end portion of the receiving portion forming the substantially cross-shaped groove portion of the die is sheared. Chamfering is applied to plastically flow the constituent members so as to spread in the radial direction during shearing.Will be sheared with theseThe configurationIt is characterized in that the shearing surfaces of the members are substantially cross-shaped orthogonal to each other.
[0016]
  In the structure of claim 1 configured as described above,The protrusion provided on the punch of the caulking device and the groove provided on the die join the shearing surfaces of the members sheared by these so as to form crosses orthogonal to each other.
  For this reason, there is no directionality in the shear strength at the joint part, and it becomes possible to secure airtightness and water tightness at the joint part, which is convenient as a building unit or panel of a building unit, and it is free from rust and mold generation. Can be prevented.
[0017]
  Further, the invention described in claim 2 is a structural member joining method formed by joining a plurality of building structural members, and a thick plate as the structural member and a thin plate thinner than the thick plate Joining withA chamfered protrusion was provided on the outer end of the cross-shaped cross section.With punchThe component member to be sheared is spread in the radial direction at the time of shearing on the center side end portion of the receiving portion that forms a substantially cross-shaped groove portion into which the protrusion of the punch fits in plan view. Chamfered for plastic flowWhen using a die and forming by press caulking, a joining device capable of adjusting the distance between the tip portion of the punch and the bottom portion of the die is used, and the tip portion of the punch and the bottom portion of the die The punch is pressed and sheared from the thick plate side, pressed from the thin plate side, and sheared by the punch and die.SaidIt is characterized in that the shearing surfaces of the structural members are crimped so as to have a substantially cross shape orthogonal to each other.
  In the structure according to claim 2, the joining condition is such that when the structural members are joined by caulking, the plate thickness after fastening of the structural member is substantially half of the total plate thickness before fastening. Is adjusted. For this reason, necessary and sufficient strength can be ensured without accompanying strength reduction.
  In this way, since the structural members are joined together by caulking, there is no warpage due to heat during joining, and occurrence of unevenness can be prevented in joining at the floor portion or the like. Further, even when joining structural members that have been plated, the evaporation of the plating accompanying heat can be prevented, so that no post-repair is required.
  Furthermore, even when the same caulking device is used, the fastening force can be improved, and even if the plate thickness of the entire caulking portion is greatly different, the caulking is surely performed. Can be joined.
  In addition, not only is the rotational force parallel to the joint surface of the structural member strong, but the caulking pressure does not have to be so great, and a large strength can be obtained regardless of the direction of the shear surface, and the watertightness and airtightness are perfect. Guaranteed to. For this reason, it is possible to block the intrusion of humidity and moisture, which cause generation of rust and mold, from the outside, which is suitable as a method for joining structural members such as building units.
[0018]
  Claims3In the above, the thick plate having a thickness of 2.3 mm to 6.0 mm is used, and the total thickness of the thick plate and the thin plate at the crimped portion after fastening of the structural member is used. However, it is characterized in that the joining conditions are adjusted to be 1.5 mm to 2.3 mm.
[0031]
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiment 1
Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described together with illustrated examples.
[0032]
FIG. 1 shows a structural unit joining apparatus 1 for a building unit according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. First, this configuration will be described.
[0033]
In the building unit structural member joining apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment, the plurality of structural members 2 (the joined member 21 and the joining member 22) shown in FIG. 5 are joined by caulking joining. Therefore, a caulking device is used as the structural member joining device.
[0034]
In FIG. 1, the caulking apparatus has a configuration in which a punch 4 and a die 5 are provided on a base 3, so that caulking and joining can be performed on various plate thicknesses and materials using the same apparatus. It has become. Note that the punch 4 and the die 5 used here are a punch 4 having a size suitable for joining the structural members 2 formed of a combination of the structural members 21 and 22 having an average plate thickness and a die 5 having a depth. is doing.
[0035]
That is, as a joining condition, the punch 4 has a depth determined from the required strength, the size of the apparatus, and the like, and the die 5 has a depth that is approximately ½ of the plate thickness of the structural member 2. Is used. The die 5 is not a fixed die, but a movable die that can be expanded in the radial direction as shown in FIG. 5 is used to adjust the joining conditions. If this is a movable type, the metal part plastically flowed by the applied pressure can easily flow in the lateral direction, so the degree of freedom of the caulking pressure conditions is improved and the plate of the structural member 2 that joins the depth of the die 5 This is because it is not necessary to change every thickness.
[0036]
Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the distance between the tip of the punch 4 and the bottom surface of the die 5 when the punch 4 and the die 5 are closest to each other during caulking is set to a “natural distance L” described later. To do. For example, in the first embodiment, the natural distance L is determined as follows.
[0037]
That is, for each combination of various structural members 2 to be joined, the caulking pressure is changed and an experiment for strength evaluation is performed.
(1) Relationship between pressure and thickness after crimping
(2) Thickness and strength after crimping
(3) Pressure and strength
To find a relationship between the three. The experimental results are shown in Table 1 as follows.
[0038]
[Table 1]

[0039]
In addition, the intensity | strength in a table | surface was implemented based on JIS Z3136, Z3137. Here, the punch 4 has a square bottom surface tapered with a square □ 5 × 6 mm, and the die 5 has a groove with a depth of 2.5 mm. Moreover, these selected what performed general shear caulking, and performed the evaluation test using this same thing.
[0040]
In order to analyze and evaluate the experimental results in an easy-to-understand manner, for example, the two types of structural members 2 of the joining member 21 and the joined member 22 have the following three types of plate thicknesses (lower plate and upper plate):
“A”: (1.6, 2.3),
“B”: (1.6, 3.2),
“C”: (1.6, 4.5)
Taking the case of (2) as an example, the correlations of the relationships (1) to (3) are as shown in FIGS.
[0041]
As a result, the pressurizing condition that provides the maximum strength is found for each combination of the plate thicknesses, and the combination of the plate thicknesses that provides the maximum strength with the lowest applied pressure (A in FIG. 3A) corresponds to this. ) And the plate thickness dimension after caulking at that time is defined as “natural distance L”. Therefore, as can be seen from Table 1, the highest strength is obtained with SS400 and t2.3 under the lowest pressure condition. In the first embodiment, when the plate thickness dimension of the crimped portion after crimping was measured under such conditions, data of 1.5 mm was obtained, and this was designated as “inherent distance L”.
[0042]
As a method of adjusting the distance between the tip portion of the punch 4 and the bottom surface portion of the die 5 to the “natural distance L”, the installation position of the caulking pressure cylinder 6 in FIG. 2 may be adjusted. Then, the spacer 62 may be sandwiched between the rods 61 for adjustment. Thereby, it can adjust so that the bottom dead center of the crimping pressurization cylinder 6 may be united. Furthermore, the caulking device may be adjusted by providing a mechanical stopper.
[0043]
By adopting such a configuration, for example, in FIG. 3, when caulking and joining is performed with metal plate thicknesses such as the combinations “B” and “C”, pressure is applied under the pressurizing condition that gives the maximum strength in each combination. However, when caulking is performed with the combination “A”, the caulking is not performed beyond the “natural distance L”, and the bonded portion after caulking has an optimum plate thickness.
[0044]
It should be noted that when caulking and joining with metal plate thicknesses such as “B” and “C”, it is desirable to set the respective optimum pressurization. In such a case, an optimum condition may be set from the relationship between the pressure and strength of “B” and “C”. However, in this case, it is due to the balance with the required strength of the joint portion.
[0045]
Moreover, in this Embodiment 1, in order to position the to-be-joined member 22 or to make it clamp to a predetermined position, as shown, for example in FIG. 4, the stripper 7 is used. This stripper 7 is for facilitating pulling out of the punch 4 when the punch 4 is pushed into the joining member 21 during caulking. Usually, a rubber ring such as urethane rubber is attached around the punch, or a plate with a spring. And a structure using a bar. In the first embodiment, as shown in the figure, a plate 72 (or a bar) with a spring 71 is used. According to the stripper 7, when the punch 4 is pushed into the member to be bonded 22 during caulking, the spring 71 is compressed and a reaction force for pulling out the punch 4 from the member to be bonded 22 is generated.
[0046]
In particular, in the first embodiment, the plate 72 provided as the stripper 7 is composed of a magnet, and the jig for positioning and clamping is eliminated by setting and gripping the member 22 to be joined to the plate 72. Can be done.
[0047]
Next, based on the relationship between the plate thickness and strength after crimping, the plate thickness after crimping is determined by the combination of various types of materials and plate thicknesses so that the strength does not decrease much, and the applied pressure is 8.6. Then, an evaluation experiment of caulking joint strength was performed again.
[0048]
The experimental results at this time are shown in Table 2.
[0049]
[Table 2]

[0050]
As can be seen from Table 2, the plate thickness after caulking is reduced with the stainless steel material, but since the “natural distance L” is secured, the plate thickness at the joint after caulking is less than 1.5 mm. It will not get smaller. As a result, sufficient strength can be ensured without causing a significant decrease in strength. In addition, when the plate thickness of the stainless steel is 6.0 mm, the applied pressure becomes insufficient, and the plate thickness after crimping is a little thicker than the plate thickness after crimping, but sufficient strength can be obtained. . As a comparative example, the following Table 3 shows the joining conditions when the round punch 4 is used with a fixed die.
[0051]
[Table 3]

[0052]
In this comparative example, in order to facilitate comparison with the first embodiment, the diameter of the punch 4 is set to the same conditions for all plate thicknesses and material types. In this case, there are three types of tools used for crimping, that is, a die depth of 2 mm and a die diameter of φ8, a die depth of 3 mm and a die diameter of φ8, and a die depth of 3 mm. And a die diameter of φ10 is required.
[0053]
As shown in FIG. 4, the stripper 7 used in the first embodiment is provided with a step S, positioned in a state where the member 22 is abutted against the step S, and the stripper 7 The member 22 to be bonded can be gripped and positioned by a magnet, for example, a permanent magnet, embedded in the abutting surface with the member 22 to be bonded. In addition, as this magnet, you may use an electromagnet instead of a permanent magnet. As a result, a machine having four steps of work setting, workpiece positioning, and fastening usually can perform crimping work in two steps of setting and fastening the work to the stripper. Thus, the work process can be simplified.
[0054]
Next, a method for joining the structural members 2 using the building unit structural member joining apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described.
[0055]
In FIG. 5, two plate-like structural members 2 of a joining member 21 and a member to be joined 22 are used for caulking and joining, but the joining member 21 on the punch 4 side is to be joined. The member having a larger plate thickness than the member 22 is used. As described above, the structural member on the punch 4 side that does not have a thin plate thickness is not used because when the punch is pushed in from the thin plate side, if the plate thickness ratio is large, the thin plate side is excessively squeezed and cannot be caulked. Because it becomes.
(1) First, in FIG. 5, the movable punch 4 and the die 5 are placed in a caulking device (spot clinching) so that the punch 4 is pushed in from the thick plate (joining member 21) side. In addition to setting, two plate-like structural members 2, which are workpieces 21 and bonding members 22, which are workpieces, are set between them. In this case, the distance between the front end portion of the punch 4 and the bottom surface portion of the die 5 is adjusted so as to be a predetermined “natural distance L”.
[0056]
In the case of the building unit according to the present invention, for example, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, a floor beam 21A is provided on the joining member 21 side which is a thick plate, and a joined member 22 side which is a thin plate is provided on the side. , The girder 22A corresponds. Further, it is possible to perform caulking joining even when the plate thickness ratio of the two plate-like structural members 2 of the floor beam 21A and the girder beam 22A which are the joining member 21 and the joined member 22 is 1: 3 or more.
(2) Next, the member 22 to be joined is set on the plate 72 provided with the magnet of the stripper 7 and is gripped by a magnetic force. This normally eliminates the need for positioning and clamping.
(3) After that, if the caulking device is operated under the optimum pressure condition, the caulking is performed at the joint portion set between the punch 4 and the die 5. After the crimping is performed, the punch 4 is pulled out by a spring 71 provided on the stripper 7.
[0057]
Embodiment 2
Next, a structural unit joining apparatus for building units according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention will be described. In the second embodiment, the same or equivalent parts as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
[0058]
The punch 8 and the die 9 according to the second embodiment are cross-shaped as shown in FIG. 8, and the cross-shaped crimped portion shown in FIG. 9 is formed.
[0059]
In other words, in the punch 8 according to the second embodiment, the chamfer 82 is provided on each outer end of the cross-shaped protrusion 81. On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 10, the die 9 is provided with a cross-shaped groove portion 91, and a chamfered portion is provided at the center side end portion of the convex receiving portion 92 surrounding the groove 91. 93 is given. Further, as shown in FIG. 10, the receiving portion 92 of the die 9 is provided with a rubber ring 94 that moves the receiving portion 92 in the circumferential direction of the die 9 and is received by the rubber ring 94 before crimping. The part 92 is pressed against the center side of the die 9.
[0060]
Next, a method for joining the structural members 2 using the structural member joining device 10 for a building unit according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described.
(1) A caulking device (pressurizing device) set with the cross-shaped punch 8 and the die 9 aligned in the direction of the cross and the center axis aligned as shown in FIG. Then, the joining member 21 and the joined member 22 which are workpieces are set. At that time, the member 22 to be joined is in contact with the upper surface of the receiving portion 92 of the die 9, and is pressed against the receiving portion 92 by the rubber ring 94 toward the center of the die 9.
(2) When the punch 8 is pushed into the member to be joined 22 by applying a pressure, the joining part is sheared into a cross shape in the joining member 21 and the member 22 as shown in FIG. 9, the member 22 to be joined is washed away. And if it pushes in only the groove part 91 depth (to a bottom face part) of the die | dye 9, a shear surface will be formed. This is because the depth dimension of the groove portion 91 of the die 9 is larger than that of the member to be bonded 22 (lower plate).
(3) Further, a pressing force is applied, the joining member 21 sandwiched between the punch 8 and the die 9 is compressed, and the crushed metal portion tends to flow in the thickness direction of the joined member 22.
(4) Since the metal part of the crushed joining member 21 (upper plate) spreads from the chamfered part of the die 9 and there is a gap for chamfering, the metal preferentially flows from this part. And the metal part which plastically flows of this joining member 21 (upper board) spreads in this radial direction, and a catch with the to-be-joined member 22 (lower board) arises.
(5) At this time, the member to be joined 22 that is in contact with the receiving portion 92 of the die 9 is expanded by the plastic flow of the metal, and more catching portions can be taken. In the second embodiment, SS400s are used in combination of t4.5 and t1.6 and t3.2 and t1.6. Table 4 shows the relationship between the joining conditions and the fastening strength when performing this caulking joining. Here, the upper plate refers to the bonding member 21 on the punch 8 side, and the lower plate refers to the bonded member 22 on the die 9 side.
[0061]
[Table 4]

[0062]
In this case, the shear strength in the table was measured based on JIS Z3136 and Z3137 in two orthogonal directions similar to the caulking of the conventional square punch, but there was no difference in fastening strength in these two directions. As described above, according to the second embodiment, shear caulking having no directionality in strength can be realized, and high-strength fastening can be performed with low applied pressure.
[0063]
Moreover, according to the second embodiment, the effect that the fastening strength in the rotation direction is stronger than that of the normal caulking joining is obtained, and positioning means and a clamping jig are not required separately.
[0064]
Furthermore, according to the second embodiment, there is no directionality in the shear strength at the joint portion, and the airtightness and water tightness at the joint portion can be ensured in a good state. It is possible to bring about effects such as prevention of occurrence of
[0065]
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and design changes can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, it may be applied to a panel for a building instead of the unit building.
[0066]
【The invention's effect】
  As explained above, the claims1'sAccording to the invention,The protrusion provided on the punch of the caulking device and the groove provided on the die join the shearing surfaces of the members sheared by these so as to form crosses orthogonal to each other.
  For this reason, there is no directionality in the shear strength at the joint, and it becomes possible to secure airtightness and watertightness at the joint, which is convenient as a building unit and panel for construction, and prevents the occurrence of rust and mold. can do.
  According to the inventions of claims 2 and 3,When joining a thick plate as a structural member by caulking and a thin plate thinner than this thick plate, using a joining device that can adjust the distance between the tip portion of the punch and the bottom portion of the die, the punch The punch is pressed from the thick plate side to be sheared and the pressure is also applied from the thin plate side by adjusting the distance between the tip portion of the die and the bottom portion of the die. For this reason, necessary and sufficient strength can be ensured without accompanying strength reduction.
[0067]
  In this way, since the structural members are joined together by caulking, there is no warpage due to heat during joining, and occurrence of unevenness can be prevented in joining at the floor portion or the like. Further, even when joining structural members that have been plated, the evaporation of the plating accompanying heat can be prevented, so that no post-repair is required.
  Furthermore, even when the same caulking device is used, the fastening force can be improved, and even if the plate thickness of the entire caulking portion is greatly different, the caulking is surely performed. Can be joined.
  In addition, not only is the rotational force parallel to the joint surface of the structural member strong, but the caulking pressure does not have to be so great, and a large strength can be obtained regardless of the direction of the shear surface, and the watertightness and airtightness are perfect. Guaranteed to. For this reason, it is possible to block the intrusion of humidity and moisture that cause generation of rust, mold and the like from the outside, which is suitable as a method for joining the structural members of the building unit.
[Brief description of the drawings]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration of a main part in a building unit structural member joining apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a mounting positional relationship between a punch and a die in the structural member bonding apparatus according to the first embodiment.
FIG. 3 shows the relationship between caulking pressure, strength, and plate thickness after caulking when a combination of structural members of various thicknesses is used. (A) shows the pressure and caulking after caulking. The plate thickness, (B) is the plate thickness and pressure after crimping, and (C) is a correlation diagram between the crimp pressure and strength.
4 is a perspective view showing a stripper and the like used in the caulking device that is the structural member joining device according to Embodiment 1. FIG.
5A, 5B, and 5C are process diagrams illustrating a caulking method using a caulking apparatus that is the structural member joining apparatus according to the first embodiment;
6 is an explanatory diagram when the caulking device according to the first embodiment is applied to a building unit. FIG.
FIG. 7 is a side view showing a mounting state of the caulking device according to the first embodiment.
FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing a caulking device that is a structural member joining device for a building unit according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing a caulking portion by a caulking device that is a structural member joining device according to a second embodiment;
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a die of a crimping device according to a second embodiment.
FIG. 11A is a perspective view showing a conventional square punch and die, and FIG. 11B is a perspective view showing a conventional square punch and die.
12A is a perspective view showing a state in which a structural member is crimped with a conventional square punch and die, and FIG. 12B is a perspective view showing a state in which the structural member is crimped with a conventional round punch and die. It is.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Structural member joining device
2 Structural members
21 Joined member (upper plate)
22 Joining member (lower plate)
3 base
4 Punch
5 dice
6 Caulking pressure cylinder
61 Rod
62 Spacer
7 Stripper
71 Spring
72 plates
8 Punch
81 Projection
82 Chamfer
9 Dice
91 Groove
92 Receiver
93 Chamfer
94 Rubber ring

Claims (3)

A joining device for joining a plurality of constituent members using a caulking device having a punch and a die,
Wherein in the crimping apparatus, and the projection of the cross section cruciform provided in the punch, as well as organic and groove substantially cross shape of the projection size fits of the punch in plan view as provided in the die, The outer end portion of the projecting portion having a substantially cross-shaped cross section of the punch is chamfered, and the end portion on the center side of the receiving portion forming the substantially cross-shaped groove portion of the die is sheared. Chamfering is performed to plastically flow the member so that the member spreads in the radial direction during shearing, and the shearing surfaces of the constituent members sheared by these members are formed in a substantially cross shape perpendicular to each other. A joining device. A structural member joining method formed by joining a plurality of building structural members,
The thick plate as the structural member and the thin plate thinner than the thick plate are joined, and a punch provided with a chamfered projection at the outer end portion having a substantially cross-shaped cross section, and the punch in a plan view. A chamfer for plastically flowing the constituent member to be sheared so as to spread in the radial direction at the time of shearing is provided at the center side end portion of the receiving portion that forms a substantially cross-shaped groove portion into which the protrusion fits. When forming by press caulking using a die that has been applied, a joining device capable of adjusting the distance between the tip portion of the punch and the bottom portion of the die is used, and the tip portion of the punch and the die by adjusting the distance between the bottom portion, the punch, sheared and pressed from the thick side, also pressurized from the sheet side, the shear surface of the structural member to be sheared by the punch and die , Orthogonal to each other Structural members joining method according to claim caulking so as to cross.   A plate having a thickness of 2.3 mm to 6.0 mm is used as the thick plate, and the total thickness of the thick plate and the thin plate at the caulking portion after the structural member is fastened is 1.5 mm to 2 mm. The method for joining structural members according to claim 2, wherein joining conditions are adjusted to be 3 mm.

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