JP4777753B2 - Liquid crystal display element - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display element, and more particularly to a passive matrix type VA mode liquid crystal display element capable of character display.

  In general, a transmissive liquid crystal display element includes an extremely thin liquid crystal layer of about several μm oriented in a predetermined direction, a pair of transparent thin substrates that sandwich the liquid crystal layer, and a polarizer that sandwiches the substrate. And a pair of polarizing plates constituting the analyzer. An electrode patterned in a predetermined shape is formed on the substrate surface on the side where the liquid crystal layer is provided. When a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer through this electrode, the alignment of the liquid crystal changes, and the amount or wavelength of light transmitted through the liquid crystal display element changes. Thereby, a desired display can be performed.

  Thus, the liquid crystal display element has a relatively simple structure. In addition, since it is easy to reduce the thickness and weight by selecting components, and it is possible to drive at a low voltage, it has been actively used as a display element for vehicles in recent years.

  By the way, liquid crystal display elements are classified into several modes based on the initial alignment state of the liquid crystal layer, the operation state and the alignment state when a voltage is applied, and the like. For example, a VA (Vertical Alignment) mode is used for a liquid crystal display element used for a liquid crystal television or an instrument panel of a vehicle such as an automobile (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2). The VA mode is a mode that has a high contrast ratio when viewed from the front and has a wide viewing angle, and thus has excellent visibility as viewed from the driver.

  In the VA mode, a liquid crystal layer having a negative dielectric anisotropy (Δε) whose initial alignment state is substantially perpendicular to the substrate (vertical alignment) is sandwiched between a pair of substrates. It is comprised by pinching with a pair of polarizing plate arrange | positioned so that Nicole may be comprised. When a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer through the electrode formed on the substrate surface, the alignment of the liquid crystal changes, and the liquid crystal layer is perpendicular to the electric field, that is, the alignment direction of the liquid crystal is parallel to the substrate. Thereby, the light transmission characteristics determined by the product (Δn · d) of the refractive index anisotropy (Δn) of the liquid crystal and the liquid crystal layer thickness (d) between the portion where the voltage is applied and the portion where the voltage is not applied, , There will be a difference in color. By utilizing this difference, a desired display can be performed.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-148078 JP 2001-125144 A

  As described above, in the VA mode, the liquid crystal layer has negative dielectric anisotropy. In order for the liquid crystal layer to exhibit negative dielectric anisotropy, it is necessary to include a liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy. That is, in the VA mode, a liquid crystal having an appropriate negative dielectric anisotropy is selected and a liquid crystal layer is configured using the liquid crystal.

  As liquid crystals having negative dielectric anisotropy, those having a cyano group in the molecular structure are known. However, since this liquid crystal has high viscosity, there is a problem that the response speed of the liquid crystal when the liquid crystal display element is driven is remarkably slowed. In addition, there are problems such as low reliability, poor heat resistance, and difficulty in removing impurities, which tends to cause deterioration in liquid crystal performance and stability.

  On the other hand, so-called fluorine-containing liquid crystals having a fluorine atom in the molecular structure are also known as liquid crystals exhibiting negative dielectric anisotropy. Since the liquid crystal has low viscosity, the response speed of the liquid crystal when the liquid crystal display element is driven can be increased. In addition, it has advantages such as high reliability, excellent heat resistance, and easy purification. For this reason, in the VA mode, it is common to select a fluorine-containing liquid crystal and use this to form a liquid crystal layer.

  However, a liquid crystal layer composed of fluorine-containing liquid crystals has a high specific resistance because the liquid crystals are highly pure. Therefore, when peeling the protective resin film provided on the surface of the liquid crystal display element or when the user touches the liquid crystal display element, it becomes difficult to let the generated static electricity escape through the liquid crystal layer, There was a problem of causing abnormal lighting of the liquid crystal display element.

  That is, static electricity generated when the resin film is peeled off is held for a long time in a localized state inside the liquid crystal display element. For this reason, abnormal lighting caused by static electricity also continues for a long time. In particular, abnormal lighting occurring in a non-lighting portion is a serious problem in a liquid crystal display element because there is no effective means for suppressing this from the outside.

  The problem of abnormal lighting in the liquid crystal display element is also affected by the display pattern (that is, the electrode pattern) of the liquid crystal display element. For example, in a dot matrix structure having a relatively high aperture ratio used in an active matrix type liquid crystal TV or the like, the electrode structure in the display portion is dense. Therefore, even when static electricity is unexpectedly applied to the display portion of the liquid crystal display element, it is relatively easy to disperse this using the electrodes provided. Therefore, according to this structure, since direct current charges are not localized, abnormal lighting is easily prevented. Further, by hiding the non-lighting portion that is abnormally lit by the black mask of the arranged color filter, it is possible to make the abnormal lighting portion difficult to be seen by the viewer.

  On the other hand, in a passive matrix liquid crystal display element capable of performing character display, the problem of abnormal lighting due to static electricity tends to become obvious. This is because, in the character display, the electrode structure is not a dense dot matrix structure, the aperture ratio of the display portion is 70% or less, and the area of the display portion where no electrode is formed is large. It is.

  Therefore, in the passive matrix liquid crystal display element, it is difficult to disperse static electricity applied to the display portion using the electrodes. For this reason, DC charges are localized and it takes time to recover from abnormal lighting. Therefore, in the manufacturing process, the product inspection cannot be performed until the abnormal lighting is resolved, and there is a problem that productivity is lowered. In addition, after the product is manufactured, there is also a problem in that the display function is deteriorated because the lighting part and the non-lighting part that is abnormally lit cannot be distinguished in appearance.

  Many passive matrix liquid crystal display elements have a structure that does not use a color filter. For this reason, in order to hide the abnormal lighting in the non-lighting portion, it is necessary to newly provide a black mask, which causes a problem that the manufacturing cost is significantly increased.

  The present invention has been made in view of these problems. That is, an object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display element that can eliminate abnormal lighting due to static electricity or the like in a short time.

  Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description.

According to a first aspect of the present invention , a pair of substrates each having an electrode layer formed on each opposing surface, a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the pair of substrates, and a liquid crystal layer of the pair of substrates are opposed to each other. In a liquid crystal display element that is disposed on the opposite side of the surface and includes a pair of polarizing plates that sandwich the pair of substrates, and displays an image on the display unit by applying a voltage to the liquid crystal layer through the electrode layer The at least one of the pair of substrates is provided with a vertical alignment film on the surface facing the other substrate, and the pair of polarizing plates includes the absorption axis of one polarizing plate and the other polarizing plate. The crossing angle with the absorption axis is 90 ° ± 5 °, and the surface resistance between the electrode layer formed on the pair of substrates and the alignment film is 10 ⁷ Ω / □ -10. ¹⁰ Omega / □ insulating film ranges are provided, the insulating film is conductive Contain and allowed to localize on the surface area of the side of the alignment film filler, the aperture ratio of the display unit is characterized in that 70% or less.

In the first aspect of the present invention , it is preferable that more than half of the conductive filler exists in a region from the surface of the insulating film to one third in the depth direction. The conductive filler is preferably produced using at least one material selected from the group consisting of antimony oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide and indium oxide.

The liquid crystal display element in the first aspect of the present invention is preferably a passive matrix type liquid crystal display element.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, a pair of substrates each having an electrode layer formed on each opposing surface, a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the pair of substrates, and a liquid crystal layer in the pair of substrates are opposed to each other. A passive matrix type liquid crystal which is disposed on the opposite side of the surface and includes a pair of polarizing plates which sandwich a pair of substrates, and displays an image on the display unit by applying a voltage to the liquid crystal layer through the electrode layer In the display element,
  For each of the pair of substrates, an alignment film is provided on the opposing surface of these substrates,
  The pair of polarizing plates are arranged such that the crossing angle between the absorption axis of one polarizing plate and the absorption axis of the other polarizing plate is 90 ° ± 5 °,
  The surface resistance is 10 between the electrode layer formed on the pair of substrates and the alignment film. ⁷ Ω / □ -10 ¹⁰ An insulating film in the range of Ω / □ is provided,
  This insulating film contains a conductive filler unevenly distributed in the surface region on the alignment film side,
  The aperture ratio of the display portion is 70% or less.

  According to the present invention, an abnormal lighting caused by static electricity or the like can be prevented for a short time by providing an insulating film whose surface resistance is controlled to a desired value between an electrode and an alignment film on a substrate constituting a liquid crystal display element. It becomes possible to solve with.

  FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display element 1 in the present embodiment. The liquid crystal display element 1 is assumed to be a VA mode liquid crystal display element.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the liquid crystal display element 1 includes a pair of transparent glass substrates 4, 5 having electrode layers 2, 3 formed on opposite surfaces, and a pair of substrates 4, 5. The VA liquid crystal panel 15 having a plurality of liquid crystal layers 6 sandwiched between the liquid crystal layers 6 and the substrates 4 and 5 of the VA liquid crystal panel 15 are disposed on the opposite side of the surface facing the liquid crystal layer 6. It has a pair of polarizing plates 7 and 8 that sandwich the substrates 4 and 5. The pair of polarizing plates 7 and 8 are arranged so as to be substantially crossed Nicols. That is, the crossing angle between the absorption axis of one polarizing plate and the absorption axis of the other polarizing plate is 90 ° ± 5 °. In the present embodiment, it is sufficient that at least one of the substrates 4 and 5 is transparent.

  The substrates 4 and 5 are each provided with vertical alignment films 12 and 13 on the surface facing the other substrate. The surfaces of the alignment films 12 and 13 are subjected to an alignment process such as a rubbing process. Thereby, in the liquid crystal layer 6, the liquid crystal is aligned substantially vertically as an initial alignment state and is slightly inclined in one direction.

  The liquid crystal forming the liquid crystal layer 6 has negative dielectric anisotropy. Therefore, when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 6 through the electrode layers 2 and 3, the liquid crystal operates to be parallel to the substrates 4 and 5. Further, at this time, the liquid crystal operates to tilt in the direction determined by the alignment treatment performed on the surfaces of the alignment films 12 and 13. As a result, the optical anisotropy of the liquid crystal layer 6 changes and an image is displayed on the display unit 9.

  In FIG. 1, insulating films 10 and 11 are provided between the electrode layer 2 and the alignment film 12 and between the electrode layer 3 and the alignment film 13, respectively.

  The structure of the electrode layer 2 is designed so that an image including character display can be displayed, and the aperture ratio of the display portion is 70% or less.

Whereas the surface resistance of the conventional insulating film is about 10 ¹³ Ω / □, in this embodiment, the surface resistance of the insulating films 10 and 11 is in the range of 10 ⁷ Ω / □ to 10 ¹⁰ Ω / □. It is characterized by that. As a result, the static electricity generated when the protective resin film (not shown) provided on the surface of the liquid crystal display element 1 is peeled off or when the user touches the liquid crystal display element 1, the insulating film 10, 11 can be positively escaped, so that it is possible to shorten the time until the abnormal lighting that has occurred in the liquid crystal display element 1 is eliminated compared to the conventional case.

The reason why the surface resistance of the insulating films 10 and 11 is set to 10 ¹⁰ Ω / □ or less is that when the surface resistance is larger than this value, it is difficult to effectively release static electricity. On the other hand, the surface resistance is preferably a low value from the viewpoint of releasing static electricity. However, when the surface resistance is lowered, a defect that causes the display image to blur (bleeding lighting defect) occurs, and the display performance is deteriorated. Therefore, in the present invention, the surface resistance of the insulating films 10 and 11 is preferably 10 ⁷ Ω / □ or more and 10 ¹⁰ Ω / □ or less, and preferably 10 ⁸ Ω / □ or more and 10 ¹⁰ Ω / □ or less. Is more preferably 10 ⁸ Ω / □ or more and 10 ⁹ Ω / □ or less. By doing in this way, it becomes possible to eliminate abnormal lighting due to static electricity in a short time while suppressing a significant decrease in display quality due to a blur lighting failure.

  Next, a method for controlling the surface resistance of the insulating film in this embodiment to a desired value will be described.

In this embodiment, a metal oxide such as SiO ₂ , TiO _2, or ZrO ₂ , or a composite oxide such as SiO ₂ —TiO ₂ , SiO ₂ —ZrO _2, or SiO ₂ —TiO ₂ —ZrO ₂ is used. The insulating films 10 and 11 can be formed by using a material and dispersing a conductive filler therein.

  A conductive filler will not be specifically limited if it is a filler which shows electroconductivity. For example, antimony oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, zinc oxide, or the like can be used.

In order to form the insulating films 10 and 11 by dispersing the conductive filler in the base material, for example, a sol-gel method can be used. Specifically, a metal oxide such as SiO ₂ , TiO ₂ or ZrO ₂ , a composite oxide such as SiO ₂ —TiO ₂ , SiO ₂ —ZrO ₂ or SiO ₂ —TiO ₂ —ZrO ₂ , or a mixture thereof is included. The insulating films 10 and 11 can be formed by dispersing the conductive filler in the solution, applying the filler onto the substrates 4 and 5 and then curing by heating.

For example, the raw material liquid is prepared by dispersing the conductive filler in a solution obtained by dissolving a metal alkoxide in a solvent together with an acid or alkali catalyst. Specifically, when SiO ₂ —TiO ₂ composite oxide is used as the base material of the insulating film, alkoxysilane such as ethyl silicate is used as the SiO ₂ component, and diisopropoxy-dioctyloxytitanium or titanium isopropoxide is used. A titanium alkoxide such as TiO ₂ can be used as the TiO ₂ component. And said electroconductive filler is disperse | distributed to the solution obtained by dissolving these, an acid catalyst, or an alkali catalyst in a solvent, and a raw material liquid is prepared.

  And this raw material liquid is apply | coated on the electrode layers 2 and 3 on the board | substrates 4 and 5 which comprise the liquid crystal display element 1, and volatile components, such as a solvent, are volatilized through a preliminary drying process. As a result, a gel in which the conductive filler is dispersed is formed on the electrode layers 2 and 3 on the substrates 4 and 5. Thereafter, the insulating films 10 and 11 in which the conductive filler is dispersed can be formed on the electrode layers 2 and 3 on the substrates 4 and 5 through a film forming process such as baking.

  As will be described later, considering that the thicknesses of the edge films 10 and 11 are about 600 mm, in order to ensure the in-plane uniformity of the resistance characteristic due to good dispersibility, the conductive film dispersed in the insulating film is used. The average particle size of the conductive filler is preferably 200 mm or less.

  Next, a method for manufacturing the liquid crystal display element 1 in the present embodiment will be described.

  First, electrode layers 2 and 3 patterned so as to display a desired image are provided on glass substrates 4 and 5. The electrode layers 2 and 3 can be, for example, ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) electrodes.

Next, insulating films 10 and 11 made of SiO ₂ —TiO ₂ composite oxide in which an antimony oxide filler is dispersed are provided on the glass substrates 4 and 5 so as to cover the electrode layers 2 and 3. At this time, the insulating films 10 and 11 are formed using the sol-gel method as described above.

That is, antimony oxide (Sb ₂ O ₅ ) filler, which is a conductive filler, is dispersed in a solution containing SiO ₂ —TiO ₂ composite oxide, and this raw material liquid is applied onto the electrode layers 2 and 3. Then, preliminary heating and drying are performed to volatilize volatile components such as a solvent to form a sol film that covers the electrode layers 2 and 3, and then baking is performed to form an insulating film 10 made of a SiO ₂ —TiO ₂ composite oxide. , 11 are formed. Here, both the insulating film 10 and the insulating film 11 have a thickness of about 600 mm.

  When the cross sections of the insulating films 10 and 11 formed on the electrode layers 2 and 3 are observed with an electron microscope, it can be seen that the conductive filler is unevenly distributed in the region on the outermost surface side. The outermost surface is the side on which the alignment films 12 and 13 are formed after this.

  FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the insulating film 11 schematically shown. FIG. 3 shows the distribution of the conductive filler with respect to the film thickness in the depth direction from the surface of the insulating film 11. As can be seen from these drawings, the conductive filler 14 is unevenly distributed in the surface region on the alignment film 13 side, and more than half of the whole in the region from the surface of the insulating film 11 to one third in the depth direction. Exists. That is, more than half of the conductive filler 14 is unevenly distributed in a region of about 200 mm in the depth direction from the surface corresponding to about one third of the film thickness of the insulating film 11. The same applies to the insulating film 10.

  By giving such a distribution to the conductive filler, the specific resistance in the surface region of the insulating films 10 and 11 can be lowered. In this embodiment, since the thickness of the insulating films 10 and 11 is 600 mm, the diameter of the conductive filler can be about several tens to 200 mm.

  The situation where such conductive filler is unevenly distributed on the outermost surface side of the insulating film is supported also from the refractive index measurement results of the insulating films 10 and 11 by ellipsometry using an ellipsometer. That is, when calculating the refractive index, the insulating films 10 and 11 are measured as a two-layer structure including a layer on the surface side containing a large amount of conductive filler and a layer on the electrode layer 2 and 3 side containing a small amount of conductive filler. It can be seen that the results agree well.

  Next, alignment films 12 and 13 are formed in the liquid crystal layer 6 so that the liquid crystal is vertically aligned as an initial alignment state. For example, an alignment film having a thickness of about 600 mm can be formed by forming an alignment film material (trade name: JALS-2021) manufactured by JSR Corporation by flexographic printing and baking the substrate at 180 ° C. it can. Next, rubbing treatment is performed on the surfaces of the alignment films 12 and 13 to determine the operation direction of the liquid crystal when an electric field is applied.

  Next, the liquid crystal layer 6 is sandwiched between the substrates 4 and 5 that have completed the steps of forming the alignment films 12 and 13. At this time, for example, by using a resin spacer (not shown), the distance (d) between the substrates 4 and 5 can be kept constant. Moreover, as the liquid crystal layer 6, for example, a layer having a refractive index anisotropy (Δn) of 0.09 can be used. In this case, when d = 4 μm, the retardation (Δn · d) of the liquid crystal display element 1 is 360 nm.

In the present embodiment, the liquid crystal layer 6 includes fluorine-containing liquid crystal. That is, fluorine-containing liquid crystal is used as the Nn component of the liquid crystal layer 6. For example, a fluorinated liquid crystal having a 2,3-difluoro-4-alkylphenyl structure represented by the formula (1) in the molecule or a 2,3-difluoro-4-alkoxyphenyl structure represented by the formula (2) Or the like. In the formulas (1) and (2), X represents an atomic group forming another structural part of the liquid crystal structure, and R represents a linear or branched alkyl or an alkyl-substituted cycloalkane. To express. At this time, the specific resistance of the liquid crystal layer 6 is about 10 ¹¹ Ω · cm or more.

（１）

(1)

（２）

(2)

  Next, the polarizing plates 7 and 8 are installed. Specifically, a pair of conductive polarizing plates 7 and 8 are attached to the opposite sides of the substrates 4 and 5 opposite to the surface facing the liquid crystal layer 6 so as to have a crossed Nicols arrangement. Thereafter, a protective resin film (not shown) is provided on each of the polarizing plates 7 and 8.

  Moreover, in this Embodiment, it is also possible to use the electroconductive polarizing plate which provided the electroconductivity to the polarizing plate. By imparting conductivity to the polarizing plate, it is possible to disperse static electricity even on the surface portion of the liquid crystal display element. The abnormal lighting that has occurred can be resolved in a shorter time.

  Further, it is possible to impart conductivity only to one of the pair of polarizing plates. In that case, it is desirable that the front-side (viewer-side) polarizing plate be a conductive polarizing plate because static electricity is likely to be introduced by being easily touched by the user.

  Although not shown in detail, the liquid crystal display element 1 in the present embodiment has a passive matrix structure. That is, each pixel portion constituting the image display is not provided with a switching element such as a TFT, and a target image is displayed by passive driving using the electrode layers 2 and 3.

  Next, an example of the result of evaluating the time until the abnormal lighting is eliminated for the liquid crystal display element 1 of the present embodiment will be described.

  First, the protective resin films provided on the front side and the rear side of the liquid crystal display element 1 were peeled off at once. Thus, after the static electricity was generated in the liquid crystal display element 1 to forcibly cause abnormal lighting, the time until the abnormal lighting was resolved was measured.

  For comparison, a similar test was performed on a conventional VA mode liquid crystal display element. Here, the conventional VA mode liquid crystal display element is a liquid crystal display element using an insulating film having a high surface resistance in which a conductive filler is not dispersed (hereinafter the same in this specification). In this liquid crystal display element, the time required for eliminating the abnormal lighting is much longer than that of the liquid crystal display element 1 of the present embodiment. Therefore, according to the liquid crystal display element 1 of this Embodiment, it turned out that the abnormal lighting elimination time can be shortened remarkably.

  Next, the same evaluation was performed using an ESD testing machine. Specifically, using an ESD tester (Noiseken model ESS-200AS), the liquid crystal display element 1 is subjected to contact discharge at a predetermined voltage twice over 0.5 seconds on the front surface central portion. Then, abnormal lighting was forced. Then, when the time until this abnormal lighting was eliminated was measured, it was within 30 seconds at a discharge voltage of 3 kV.

  For comparison, a similar test was performed on a conventional VA mode liquid crystal display element. As a result, it was found that it took 5 minutes or more to eliminate abnormal lighting at a discharge voltage of 3 kV. Therefore, it was found that the liquid crystal display element 1 of the present embodiment can remarkably shorten the abnormal lighting elimination time also by this test.

  As described above, in the liquid crystal display element in the present embodiment, the conductive filler is dispersed to reduce the surface resistance of the insulating film, so that abnormal lighting due to application of static electricity or the like is shorter than in the past. It can be resolved in time. Therefore, it is possible to improve productivity by shortening the time until product inspection in the manufacturing process. In addition, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the display function of the product. Furthermore, as compared with the case where a black mask is provided, the manufacturing process can be simplified, and an increase in manufacturing cost can be suppressed.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

It is sectional drawing of the liquid crystal display element in this Embodiment. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the insulating film in this Embodiment. It is the figure which showed distribution of the conductive filler with respect to the film thickness of a depth direction about the insulating film in this Embodiment.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Liquid crystal display element 2,3 Electrode layer 4,5 Substrate 6 Liquid crystal layer 7,8 Polarizing plate 9 Display part 10,11 Insulating film 12,13 Alignment film 14 Conductive filler 15VA liquid crystal panel

Claims (5)

A pair of substrates each having an electrode layer formed on each of the opposing surfaces, a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the pair of substrates, and the opposite surface of the pair of substrates facing the liquid crystal layer are disposed on the opposite side. And a pair of polarizing plates sandwiching the pair of substrates, and applying a voltage to the liquid crystal layer through the electrode layer, thereby displaying an image on the display unit,
For at least one of the pair of substrates, a vertical alignment film is provided on the surface facing the other substrate,
The pair of polarizing plates are arranged such that the crossing angle between the absorption axis of one polarizing plate and the absorption axis of the other polarizing plate is 90 ° ± 5 °,
An insulating film having a surface resistance in the range of 10 ⁷ Ω / □ to 10 ¹⁰ Ω / □ is provided between the electrode layer and the alignment film formed on the pair of substrates,
The insulating film contains a conductive filler unevenly distributed in the surface region on the alignment film side,
A liquid crystal display element, wherein an aperture ratio of the display portion is 70% or less. 2. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 1, wherein the conductive filler is present in a half or more of the entire region in a region from the surface of the insulating film to a third in the depth direction. The conductive filler is produced using at least one material selected from the group consisting of antimony oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, and indium oxide. Liquid crystal display element. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal display element is a passive matrix type liquid crystal display element. A pair of substrates each having an electrode layer formed on each of the opposing surfaces, a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the pair of substrates, and the opposite surface of the pair of substrates facing the liquid crystal layer are disposed on the opposite side. A passive matrix liquid crystal display element that includes a pair of polarizing plates that sandwich the pair of substrates, and displays an image on a display unit by applying a voltage to the liquid crystal layer through the electrode layer.
  For each of the pair of substrates, an alignment film is provided on the opposing surface of these substrates,
  The pair of polarizing plates are arranged such that the crossing angle between the absorption axis of one polarizing plate and the absorption axis of the other polarizing plate is 90 ° ± 5 °,
  A surface resistance of 10 is provided between the electrode layer formed on the pair of substrates and the alignment film. ⁷ Ω / □ -10 ¹⁰ An insulating film in the range of Ω / □ is provided,
  The insulating film contains a conductive filler unevenly distributed in the surface region on the alignment film side,
  A liquid crystal display element, wherein an aperture ratio of the display portion is 70% or less.

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