JP4772082B2 - Method for forming surface-enhanced coating and surface-enhanced product - Google Patents
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- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims description 98
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 69
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 71
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- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 58
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- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Landscapes
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Description
本発明は表面強化被膜の形成方法及び表面強化製品に関し,より詳細には切削工具,金属成形用金型,歯車,シャフト等の摺動部等の表面を強化して,耐摩耗性の向上や表面の高硬度化を図ることのできる表面強化被膜の形成方法,及び前記表面強化被膜の形成により表面強化された表面強化製品に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for forming a surface-enhanced coating and a surface-enhanced product, and more specifically, the surface of a sliding part such as a cutting tool, a metal mold, a gear, or a shaft is reinforced to improve wear resistance. The present invention relates to a method for forming a surface-enhanced coating that can increase the hardness of the surface, and a surface-enhanced product that is surface-enhanced by forming the surface-enhanced coating.
加工対象に対して刃先を摺接させた状態で使用されるバイト等の切削工具は,高硬度であると共に耐摩耗性を有することが求められており,このような要求に対応するために,母材自体を高硬度なものとする他,浸炭や窒化等の表面処理を行うことにより,刃先部等を強化することが一般に行われている。 Cutting tools such as cutting tools used with the cutting edge in sliding contact with the workpiece are required to have high hardness and wear resistance. To meet these requirements, In addition to making the base metal itself highly rigid, it is generally practiced to strengthen the cutting edge by performing surface treatment such as carburizing and nitriding.
また,このような耐摩耗性等が要求される製品に対する他の表面強化方法としては,例えば前述の切削工具の歯先部分にセラミックコーティングを施すことも一般に行われており,このようなセラミックコーティング方法としては,プラズマ溶射,PVD法(物理気相蒸着),CVD法(化学気相蒸着)等が知られている。 As another surface strengthening method for products that require such wear resistance, for example, a ceramic coating is generally applied to the tooth tip portion of the cutting tool described above. As a method, plasma spraying, PVD method (physical vapor deposition), CVD method (chemical vapor deposition) and the like are known.
しかし,これらの方法により切削工具等の被処理製品の表面強化を行う場合,大掛かりな処理装置が必要であり初期投資が多大なものとなる。そのため,比較的簡単な方法によって行うことができる表面強化方法が要望されている。 However, when the surface of a product to be processed such as a cutting tool is strengthened by these methods, a large-scale processing apparatus is required, and the initial investment becomes large. Therefore, there is a demand for a surface strengthening method that can be performed by a relatively simple method.
なお,ブラスト加工装置等によって被処理製品の表面に金属粉体を噴射するという比較的簡単な方法により,被処理製品の表面に金属粉体の構成成分によって構成される被膜を形成する技術が存在する(特許文献1〜3参照)。 In addition, there is a technology that forms a film composed of components of metal powder on the surface of the product to be processed by a relatively simple method of injecting metal powder onto the surface of the product to be processed by a blasting machine or the like. (See Patent Documents 1 to 3).
このうち,特許文献1には,「常温拡散・浸透メッキ方法」として,「金属成品又はセラミック又はこれらの混合体から成る被処理成品の表面に,被覆金属粉体を噴射速度80m/sec 以上又は噴射圧力3kg/cm2以上で噴射し,前記被覆金属粉体の組成物中の元素を金属成品又はセラミック又はこれらの混合体の表面に拡散させる」(特許文献1の請求項1)ことが提案されており,また,この特許文献1の「0084」欄には,前記被覆金属粉体として,軟質金属である「錫」の使用可能性について言及している。 Among these, Patent Document 1 describes, as “room temperature diffusion / penetration plating method”, “a coating metal powder is sprayed at a spray speed of 80 m / sec or more on the surface of a metal product, a ceramic or a treated product made of a mixture thereof. It is sprayed at a spraying pressure of 3 kg / cm 2 or more, and the element in the composition of the coated metal powder is diffused on the surface of the metal product, ceramic or mixture thereof (Claim 1 of Patent Document 1). In addition, the column “0084” of Patent Document 1 refers to the possibility of using “tin” which is a soft metal as the coating metal powder.
また,特許文献2は,被処理製品の表面に光触媒機能を発揮する酸化金属の被膜を形成する方法を開示しており,このような酸化金属被膜の形成を,平均粒径が200μm以下の金属粉体を,噴射圧力0.3MPa以上で噴射することにより行うことを開示し(特許文献2「0030」欄),このような噴射金属粉体の一例として,「錫」の粉体の使用について言及する(特許文献2「0028」欄)。 Patent Document 2 discloses a method of forming a metal oxide film that exhibits a photocatalytic function on the surface of a product to be treated. Such a metal oxide film is formed by a metal having an average particle size of 200 μm or less. Disclosed is that powder is injected at an injection pressure of 0.3 MPa or more (Patent Document 2, “0030” column). As an example of such an injection metal powder, the use of “tin” powder is disclosed. It mentions (patent document 2 “0028” column).
なお,このようにして形成された光触媒機能を発揮する酸化金属の被膜は,「被膜の表面から内部に入るに従って酸素との結合がわずかづつ欠乏気味となる構造」(引用文献2「0031」欄)を有し,この構造によって,可視光の照射によっても光触媒機能を発揮するものとなっている。 In addition, the metal oxide film that exhibits the photocatalytic function formed in this way has “a structure in which the bond with oxygen becomes slightly deficient as it enters the inside from the surface of the film” (reference document 2 “0031” column). With this structure, the photocatalytic function is exhibited even by irradiation with visible light.
さらに,被処理製品の摺動部表面に錫等の軟質金属の粉体と,二硫化モリブデンなどの固体潤滑剤の粉体を混合して噴射することにより,軟質金属よりなる母層中に固体潤滑剤の分散された潤滑性被膜を形成することも提案されている(特許文献3の特許請求の範囲参照)。 In addition, a soft metal powder such as tin and a solid lubricant powder such as molybdenum disulfide are mixed and sprayed onto the surface of the sliding part of the product to be treated, so that a solid is formed in the matrix made of soft metal. It has also been proposed to form a lubricating coating in which a lubricant is dispersed (see the claims of Patent Document 3).
この発明の先行技術文献情報としては,次のものがある。
ところで,金属である錫の硬度は,ビッカース硬さで5kg/mm2程度であるが,その酸化物である酸化錫では,1650kg/mm2という高い硬度を示す。従って,このような高硬度の酸化錫の被膜を被処理製品の表面に高い付着強度で形成することができれば,形成された酸化錫の硬質被膜によって,母材である被処理製品の表面強化を行うことができ,前述したセラミックス被膜の形成に代わる表面強化技術として適用することができるものと考えられる。 By the way, the hardness of tin, which is a metal, is about 5 kg / mm 2 in terms of Vickers hardness, but tin oxide, which is its oxide, exhibits a high hardness of 1650 kg / mm 2 . Therefore, if such a high-hardness tin oxide film can be formed on the surface of the product to be processed with high adhesion strength, the surface of the product to be processed, which is the base material, can be strengthened by the hard film of tin oxide formed. It can be applied and can be applied as a surface strengthening technique instead of the ceramic film formation described above.
そして,このような酸化錫の被膜を,ブラスト加工装置による錫粉体の噴射という比較的簡単な方法で行うことができれば,プラズマ溶射,PVD法(物理気相蒸着),CVD法(化学気相蒸着)等によってセラミックス被膜を形成するための高価な装置が不要となる。 If such a tin oxide coating can be performed by a relatively simple method such as injection of tin powder by a blast processing apparatus, plasma spraying, PVD (physical vapor deposition), CVD (chemical vapor deposition) An expensive apparatus for forming a ceramic coating by vapor deposition or the like becomes unnecessary.
ここで,前掲の特許文献1では,金型やギヤ等の機械部品の摺動部に対して被膜の形成を行うことを開示するものの,このような摺動部に対する被膜の形成に使用される噴射粉体は,クロム合金等によって構成されたものであり,軟質金属である錫によって切削工具等の表面強化を行うことができることの記載はない。 Here, although the above-mentioned patent document 1 discloses that a film is formed on a sliding part of a machine part such as a mold or a gear, it is used for forming a film on such a sliding part. The spray powder is made of a chromium alloy or the like, and there is no description that the surface of a cutting tool or the like can be strengthened with tin, which is a soft metal.
なお,特許文献1には,噴射粉体としての錫の使用に言及するものの,錫粉体の噴射によって形成される被膜が,酸化錫であることの記載がない。また,特許文献1の方法で仮に酸化錫の被膜が形成できたとしても,ここで形成される酸化錫の被膜は,特許文献2に記載の酸化金属被膜と同様の構造を有するものと考えられ,後述するように切削工具の刃先等に形成したとしても容易に剥離してしまう。 In addition, although patent document 1 mentions use of tin as an injection powder, there is no description that the film formed by injection of a tin powder is a tin oxide. Further, even if a tin oxide film can be formed by the method of Patent Document 1, the tin oxide film formed here is considered to have the same structure as the metal oxide film described in Patent Document 2. As will be described later, even if it is formed on the cutting edge of a cutting tool or the like, it is easily peeled off.
特許文献3にも,錫粉体を噴射することにより形成される被膜が酸化錫の被膜であることの記載はない。しかも,特許文献3において,錫等の軟質金属被膜を形成することによる潤滑性の向上は,このようにして形成された軟質金属被膜が剪断強さが低いこと,すなわち他部材との接触により容易に変形することにより得ているのであり(特許文献3「0029」〜「0032」欄),形成される軟質金属被膜は,あくまでも「軟質」という性質を維持していることが必要で,これを高硬度なものとして形成すれば,上記潤滑原理は実現し得ないこととなる。 Patent Document 3 also does not describe that the coating formed by spraying tin powder is a tin oxide coating. Moreover, in Patent Document 3, the improvement in lubricity by forming a soft metal film such as tin is easy because the soft metal film thus formed has low shear strength, that is, by contact with other members. (Patent Document 3 “0029” to “0032” column), and the formed soft metal film must maintain the property of “soft” to the last. If formed with high hardness, the above-mentioned lubrication principle cannot be realized.
一方,前述した特許文献2では,被処理製品の表面に形成される被膜は,これを酸化金属の被膜であると記載する。従って,錫粉体を噴射して形成された被膜は,酸化錫の被膜であるということになる。 On the other hand, in patent document 2 mentioned above, the film formed in the surface of a to-be-processed product describes this as a metal oxide film. Therefore, the coating formed by spraying tin powder is a coating of tin oxide.
そこで,試みに特許文献2に記載の方法によって酸化錫の被膜を切削工具の刃先に形成して使用してみたところ,このようにして形成された酸化錫の被膜は,数回の使用によって容易に剥離してしまい,セラミックス被膜等に代わり得る表面強化被膜としての用途に使用することはできなかった。 Therefore, when an attempt was made to form a tin oxide film on the cutting edge of a cutting tool by the method described in Patent Document 2, the tin oxide film thus formed can be easily used by several uses. It could not be used as a surface-enhanced coating that could be replaced by a ceramic coating.
このような事実に鑑み,本発明の発明者は上記のような剥離が生じる原因を検討したところ,引用文献2に記載の方法によって形成された酸化錫の被膜が,「被膜の表面から内部に入るに従って酸素との結合がわずかづつ欠乏気味となる構造」(引用文献2「0031」欄)を有することに原因があるのではないかとの予測を立てた。 In view of such facts, the inventor of the present invention examined the cause of the peeling as described above. As a result, the tin oxide film formed by the method described in Reference 2 was “from the surface of the film to the inside. As it entered, it was predicted that it might be caused by having “a structure in which the bond with oxygen becomes deficient little by little” (Citation 2 “0031” column).
すなわち,前記構造の酸化錫被膜では,酸素との結合量が多い被膜の表面付近の硬度は比較的高いが,表面から内部に入るに従って酸素が欠乏するに従い,被膜の硬度も低下し,酸化錫被膜の内部は軟質なものとなっている。そのため,前記構造の酸化錫被膜では,酸素との結合量の少ない軟質部分の上に,酸素との結合量が多く高硬度となっている表面部分が形成された構造となっており,この酸化錫被膜の形成部に他部材を高い圧力で摺接すると,下層の軟質部分が変形する一方,この軟質部分の変形に追従して変形し得ない高硬度の表面部分が破断して,この破断の生じた部分を基点とした剥離が生じるのではないかとの予測を立てたのである。 That is, in the tin oxide film having the above structure, the hardness in the vicinity of the surface of the film having a large amount of bonds with oxygen is relatively high, but as the oxygen enters from the surface to the inside, the hardness of the film decreases, and the tin oxide film decreases. The inside of the coating is soft. Therefore, the tin oxide film having the above structure has a structure in which a surface portion having a high amount of bonds with oxygen and a high hardness is formed on a soft portion having a small amount of bonds with oxygen. When another member is slidably contacted with the part where the tin coating is formed at a high pressure, the soft part of the lower layer is deformed, while the hard part that cannot be deformed following the deformation of the soft part breaks. It was predicted that peeling would occur based on the part where this occurred.
上記予測に基づけば,形成される酸化錫被膜の内部における酸素量を増大させて,内部硬度を上昇させることができれば,上記で予想した原理に基づく剥離の発生を解消し得ることとなる。 Based on the above prediction, if the amount of oxygen inside the formed tin oxide film can be increased to increase the internal hardness, the occurrence of delamination based on the principle predicted above can be eliminated.
しかし,このような構造を備えた酸化錫被膜を,錫粉体の噴射によって形成すべく,噴射粉体の粒径,噴射圧力,噴射速度等の噴射条件を調整するも,このような噴射条件の調整によっては,形成される酸化錫被膜の付着強度を,切削工具の刃先や機械部品の摺動部に形成する表面強化被膜と成し得る程に向上させることはできなかった。 However, in order to form a tin oxide film having such a structure by injection of tin powder, the injection conditions such as the particle size, injection pressure, and injection speed of the injection powder are adjusted. However, it was not possible to improve the adhesion strength of the formed tin oxide coating to such an extent that it could be achieved with a surface-enhanced coating formed on the cutting edge of a cutting tool or a sliding part of a machine part.
そこで本発明は,酸化錫の被膜をブラスト加工装置等による錫粉体の噴射という比較的簡単な方法によって形成するものでありながら,形成された酸化錫の被膜が,切削工具の刃先部や機械部品の摺動部等に形成した場合であっても使用中に剥離せず,従ってこれらの表面強化被膜として使用し得る酸化錫被膜の形成方法を提供することを目的とする。 Therefore, the present invention forms a tin oxide film by a relatively simple method of injecting tin powder by a blasting apparatus or the like, and the formed tin oxide film is formed on the cutting edge of a cutting tool or machine. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for forming a tin oxide film that does not peel off during use even when formed on a sliding part of a component, and can therefore be used as a surface-enhanced film.
上記目的を達成するために,本発明の表面強化被膜の形成方法は,表面に酸化膜が形成された平均粒径10〜100μm,好ましくは平均粒径20〜50μmの錫の粉体を,噴射圧力0.5MPa以上,又は噴射速度200m/sec以上で被処理製品に噴射することにより,被処理製品の表面に酸化錫の被膜を1μm以下の厚みで形成することを特徴とする(請求項1)。 In order to achieve the above object, the method for forming a surface-enhanced coating of the present invention is to inject tin powder having an average particle size of 10 to 100 μm, preferably an average particle size of 20 to 50 μm, on which an oxide film is formed. A tin oxide film having a thickness of 1 μm or less is formed on the surface of the processed product by spraying the processed product at a pressure of 0.5 MPa or higher or an injection speed of 200 m / sec or higher. ).
上記表面強化被膜の形成方法において,前記酸化錫被膜の形成を行う前に,前記被処理製品に対し平均粒径37〜74μmの例えばハイス鋼等の鋼球を,噴射圧力0.3MPa以上,又は噴射速度100m/sec以上で噴射する前処理(表7中の「前処理1」)を行うことができる(請求項2)。 In the method for forming the surface-enhanced coating, before the tin oxide coating is formed, a steel ball such as high-speed steel having an average particle diameter of 37 to 74 μm is applied to the product to be treated, with an injection pressure of 0.3 MPa or more, or A pretreatment ("Pretreatment 1" in Table 7) for injecting at an injection speed of 100 m / sec or more can be performed (Claim 2).
また,前記前処理(表7中の「前処理1」)に代え,又は前記前処理(表7中の「前処理1」)を行った後の被処理製品に対し,平均粒径20〜63μmの例えばアルミナ・シリカ等のセラミックビーズを,噴射圧力0.2MPa以上,又は噴射速度100m/sec以上で噴射する前処理(表4,5に示す「前処理」)を行った後,前記酸化錫被膜の形成を行うものとしても良い(請求項3,4)。 Further, in place of the pretreatment ("Pretreatment 1" in Table 7) or the pretreated product ("Pretreatment 1" in Table 7), an average particle size of 20 to After the pretreatment (“pretreatment” shown in Tables 4 and 5) in which 63 μm ceramic beads such as alumina and silica are injected at an injection pressure of 0.2 MPa or more or an injection speed of 100 m / sec or more, the oxidation is performed. A tin coating may be formed (claims 3 and 4).
なお,前記被処理製品は,これを金属,セラミックス,又はこれらの混合体により形成されたものとすることができる(請求項5)。 In addition, the said to-be-processed product shall be formed with the metal, ceramics, or these mixtures.
また,本発明の表面強化製品は,被処理製品の表面に前記いずれかの方法で酸化錫被膜を形成したものである(請求項6〜10)。 Moreover, the surface-enhanced product of the present invention is obtained by forming a tin oxide film on the surface of a product to be treated by any one of the methods described above (claims 6 to 10).
以上に説明した本発明の構成により,本発明の表面強化被膜の形成方法,及び表面強化製品は,以下の顕著な効果を有する。 With the configuration of the present invention described above, the method for forming a surface enhanced coating and the surface enhanced product of the present invention have the following remarkable effects.
噴射粉体として,酸化錫の粉体,又は表面に酸化膜が形成された錫の粉体を使用すること,噴射粉体の粒径,噴射圧力又は噴射速度を所定の条件に調整すること,及び前記錫粉体の噴射によって形成される酸化錫被膜の厚みを1μm以下に調整することにより,切削工具の刃先部や,機械部品の摺動部等に形成した場合であっても,剥離を生じることなくこれらの表面を強化する機能を有する酸化錫被膜を形成することができた。 Using a powder of tin oxide or a powder of tin with an oxide film formed on the surface as the spray powder; adjusting the particle diameter, spray pressure or spray speed of the spray powder to a predetermined condition; And by adjusting the thickness of the tin oxide film formed by the injection of the tin powder to 1 μm or less, even if it is formed on the cutting edge part of a cutting tool, the sliding part of a machine part, etc., peeling A tin oxide film having a function of strengthening these surfaces could be formed without being generated.
このようにして形成された酸化錫の被膜は,HV1000kg/mm2以上の高硬度であり,セラミックス等の被膜に代わり得る表面強化被膜として使用することができるものであり,このような表面強化被膜を錫粉体の噴射という比較的簡単な処理によって形成することができ,各種製品の耐摩耗性の向上に伴う寿命の向上を図ることができた。 The tin oxide film thus formed has a high hardness of HV 1000 kg / mm 2 or more and can be used as a surface-enhanced film that can be used in place of a film such as ceramics. Can be formed by a relatively simple process called injection of tin powder, and the lifespan of various products can be improved with improved wear resistance.
また,本発明の方法により表面強化被膜を形成することにより,被処理製品が金属である場合,その表面付近の残留応力を向上させることができ,これに伴い疲労強度の向上に伴う寿命の向上をも図ることができた。 In addition, by forming a surface-enhanced coating by the method of the present invention, when the product to be treated is a metal, it is possible to improve the residual stress near the surface, and in accordance with this, improve the life due to the improvement of fatigue strength. We were able to plan.
酸化錫被膜の形成前に,前述した鋼球及び/又はセラミックビーズの噴射による前処理を行う場合には,ピーニング効果により被処理製品の表面強度の向上が得られると共に,潤滑油の供給が行われる摺動部等にあっては,鋼球及び/又はセラミックビーズの衝突時に被処理製品の表面に形成された凹凸が油溜まりとして作用することにより,前述した表面強化被膜の形成との相乗効果により,耐摩耗性等の一層の向上を得ることができた。 When the pretreatment is performed by jetting the above-described steel balls and / or ceramic beads before the tin oxide coating is formed, the surface strength of the product to be treated is improved by the peening effect, and the lubricating oil is supplied. In the sliding part, etc., the unevenness formed on the surface of the product to be treated at the time of collision of the steel balls and / or ceramic beads acts as an oil reservoir, so that it has a synergistic effect with the formation of the surface-enhanced coating described above. As a result, the wear resistance and the like were further improved.
なお,ハイス鋼等の鋼球を噴射した場合には,アルミナ・シリカ等のセラミックビーズを使用する場合に比較して噴射する鋼球の粒径が大きいことから,被処理製品の内部深く迄強度の向上を図ることができる一方,被処理製品の表面が荒れる。一方,セラミックビーズを噴射した前処理では,被処理製品の表面からの深さ方向に対する強度向上は,鋼球を使用する場合に比較して劣るものの,被処理製品の表面荒れを少なくすることができ,用途に応じてこれらの前処理を適宜選択することができた。 When steel balls such as high-speed steel are injected, the particle size of the steel balls to be injected is larger than when ceramic beads such as alumina and silica are used. However, the surface of the product to be processed becomes rough. On the other hand, in the pretreatment in which ceramic beads are injected, the strength improvement in the depth direction from the surface of the product to be treated is inferior to the case of using steel balls, but the surface roughness of the product to be treated can be reduced. It was possible to select these pretreatments appropriately according to the application.
なお,前記両前処理の特性より,鋼球の噴射後,セラミックビーズの噴射を行う複合型の前処理を行った場合には,被処理製品の内部深く迄強度の向上を得ることができると共に,表面荒れの少ない前処理を行うことができた。 In addition, due to the characteristics of the two pretreatments, when a composite type pretreatment is carried out in which ceramic beads are injected after the injection of steel balls, the strength can be improved deep inside the product to be processed. , Pretreatment with less surface roughness was possible.
被処理製品は,これを金属,セラミックス又はこれらの混合体のいずれによって形成されたものを対象とした場合であっても,前記酸化錫の被膜を形成することができると共に,形成された酸化錫の被膜を,被処理製品の表面に対する付着強度の高いものとすることができた。 The product to be treated can form the tin oxide film and the tin oxide formed regardless of whether the product is made of metal, ceramics, or a mixture thereof. It was possible to make the coating of the film with high adhesion strength to the surface of the treated product.
次に,本発明の実施形態につき以下説明する。 Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described below.
〔着眼点〕
錫の粉体を被処理製品の表面に噴射することにより酸化錫の被膜を形成できることは既に公知であるところ,このようにして形成された酸化錫の被膜は,切削工具の刃先や機械部品の摺動部に形成した場合,容易に剥離してしまうものであることは前述した通りである。
〔Viewpoints〕
It is already known that a tin oxide film can be formed by injecting tin powder onto the surface of a product to be treated. However, the tin oxide film thus formed is used for cutting tool edges and machine parts. As described above, when formed on the sliding portion, it easily peels off.
そして,本発明の発明者は,このような剥離が生じる原因を,前記方法によって形成された酸化錫の被膜が,表面から内部に入るに従って酸素との結合が欠乏する構造を有する点にあるとの予測に基づき,酸化錫被膜の内部における酸素との結合量を増大させるべく,噴射粉体の粒径,噴射圧力や噴射速度等の噴射条件を調整するも,これによって形成された酸化錫被膜の付着強度を向上させることができなかった点についても前述した通りである。 And, the inventor of the present invention has the reason that such peeling occurs because the tin oxide film formed by the above method has a structure in which the bond with oxygen is deficient as it enters the inside from the surface. In order to increase the amount of bonding with oxygen inside the tin oxide coating, the injection conditions such as the particle size, injection pressure, and injection speed of the injection powder are adjusted. As described above, the adhesion strength of the film could not be improved.
ところで,前述した従来の酸化錫被膜の形成方法において,噴射粉体は「錫」であり,形成される被膜は,錫の酸化物である「酸化錫」の被膜であり,このことから錫粉体は,被処理製品の表面に衝突した際の発熱によって酸化し,これにより被処理製品の表面に形成される錫被膜は酸化錫の被膜になるものと思われる。 By the way, in the conventional method for forming a tin oxide film, the spray powder is “tin”, and the formed film is a film of “tin oxide” which is an oxide of tin. The body is oxidized by the heat generated when it collides with the surface of the product to be treated, and the tin film formed on the surface of the product to be treated is considered to be a tin oxide film.
このような酸化によって,形成される被膜は酸化錫となるのであるから,衝突時の発熱による酸化という酸化のメカニズムが,形成された酸化錫被膜における酸素との結合構造を決定付けているものと考えられる。 Since the film formed by such oxidation becomes tin oxide, the oxidation mechanism of oxidation due to heat generated at the time of collision determines the bonding structure with oxygen in the formed tin oxide film. Conceivable.
そこで,本発明の発明者は,被処理製品に対して被膜の構成成分を提供する錫粉体側を当初より酸素と結合させてその表面に酸化膜を形成し,錫粉体の衝突時,被処理製品の表面に形成される酸化錫被膜にこの酸化膜を取り込ませることにより,形成される酸化錫被膜の内部における酸素量を増大させることができ,これにより形成される酸化錫被膜の付着強度を向上させることができるのではないかと考えた。 Therefore, the inventor of the present invention forms an oxide film on the surface by combining the tin powder side that provides the constituent components of the coating to the product to be treated with oxygen from the beginning, and at the time of collision of the tin powder, By incorporating this oxide film into the tin oxide film formed on the surface of the product to be treated, the amount of oxygen in the formed tin oxide film can be increased, and the resulting tin oxide film adheres to it. I thought that the strength could be improved.
また,被膜の表面から内部に入るに従って酸素が欠乏する構造は,形成する被膜の厚みが増すに従い顕著に表れることが確認されている。 In addition, it has been confirmed that a structure in which oxygen is deficient as it enters the inside from the surface of the film appears more remarkably as the thickness of the formed film increases.
このように,本発明の発明者は,上記着眼点に基づき,表面に酸化膜が形成された錫の粉体を噴射することによる酸化錫被膜の形成を行うと共に,形成された酸化錫被膜が剥離し難い膜厚を求めた結果,前記噴射粉体の使用と共に,膜厚を1μm以下とすることにより,切削工具の刃先や,機械部品の摺動部等の強化を行い得る参加錫被膜を形成することができることを見出し,本発明を完成するに至ったものである。 As described above, the inventor of the present invention forms a tin oxide film by spraying tin powder having an oxide film formed on the surface based on the above-mentioned point of view. As a result of obtaining a film thickness that is difficult to peel off, a joining tin coating that can strengthen the cutting edge of a cutting tool, a sliding part of a machine part, etc. by using the spray powder and making the film thickness 1 μm or less. The present inventors have found that they can be formed and have completed the present invention.
〔被膜方法概要〕
以上の着眼点から,本発明の表面強化被膜の形成方法は,表面に酸化膜が形成された平均粒径10〜100μm,好ましくは平均粒径20〜50μmの錫の粉体を,噴射圧力0.5MPa以上又は噴射速度200m/sec以上で被処理製品に噴射することにより,被処理製品の表面に厚み1μm以下で付着強度の高い酸化錫の被膜を形成するものである。
[Outline of coating method]
In view of the above, the method for forming a surface-enhanced coating of the present invention uses a tin powder having an average particle size of 10 to 100 μm, preferably an average particle size of 20 to 50 μm, on which an oxide film is formed, at an injection pressure of 0. By spraying onto the product to be treated at a pressure of 5 MPa or more or an injection speed of 200 m / sec or more, a tin oxide film having a thickness of 1 μm or less and high adhesion strength is formed on the surface of the product to be treated.
〔噴射粉体〕
本発明の表面強化被膜の製造方法では,前述のように噴射粉体として表面に酸化膜の形成された錫粉体使用し,このような噴射粉体は,一例として噴射粉体である錫粉体を水アトマイズ法によって製造することにより得ることができる。
[Powdered powder]
In the method for producing a surface-enhanced coating according to the present invention, as described above, tin powder having an oxide film formed on the surface is used as the spray powder. Such spray powder is, for example, a tin powder that is a spray powder. It can be obtained by producing the body by the water atomization method.
ここで,水アトマイズ法では,溶融した錫を高圧水と衝突させることにより溶融錫の粉粒化と急冷凝固を瞬時に行うことによって粉体を得るものであり,このようにして得られた錫粉体は,水との衝突時の急冷によってその表面が酸化して表面が酸化膜によって覆われた錫の粉体となる。 Here, in the water atomization method, molten tin is made to collide with high-pressure water to obtain powder by instantly performing molten tin granulation and rapid solidification. The powder becomes tin powder whose surface is oxidized by the rapid cooling at the time of collision with water and the surface is covered with an oxide film.
使用する噴射粉体の粒径は,平均粒径10〜100μm,好ましくは20〜50μmのものを使用する。噴射粉体の衝突によって被処理製品の表面に被膜を形成するためには,衝突時の発熱により噴射粉体に温度上昇を生じさせる必要があり,この温度上昇は,噴射粉体の衝突速度に比例して上昇するものとなる。 The spray powder used has a mean particle size of 10 to 100 μm, preferably 20 to 50 μm. In order to form a coating on the surface of the product to be treated by the impact of the spray powder, it is necessary to cause a temperature rise in the spray powder due to the heat generated during the impact. It will rise in proportion.
上記粒径の範囲の噴射粉体であれば,噴射時に使用する圧縮気体によって生じた気流に乗り易く,高速で噴射粉体を被処理製品の表面に衝突させることができ,酸化錫被膜の形成を好適に行うことができる。 If the powder is in the above particle size range, it is easy to ride the air flow generated by the compressed gas used during spraying, and the spray powder can collide with the surface of the product to be processed at a high speed. Can be suitably performed.
なお,使用する噴射粉体の個々の粒子の形状は,球状であっても良く,又は多角形状であっても良く,更にはこれらが混在したものであっても良く,その形状は特に限定されない。 The shape of the individual particles of the spray powder used may be spherical or polygonal, and may be a mixture of these, and the shape is not particularly limited. .
〔噴射方法〕
前述の噴射粉体の噴射には,噴射粉体を圧縮空気等の圧縮気体と共に噴射する既知の各種のブラスト加工装置を使用することができ,このブラスト加工装置の噴射方式は,直厚式,重力式,サクション式等の既知の如何なる方法によって行うものであって良く,前述した噴射圧力又は噴射速度で噴射粉体を噴射し得るものであれば特に限定されない。
[Injection method]
For the injection of the above-mentioned spray powder, various known blasting devices that spray the spray powder together with a compressed gas such as compressed air can be used. It may be performed by any known method such as a gravity method or a suction method, and is not particularly limited as long as it can inject the injection powder at the above-described injection pressure or injection speed.
噴射粉体の噴射は,噴射圧力0.5MPa以上,又は噴射速度200m/sec以上で行う。噴射粉体が被処理製品の表面に衝突した際に生じる温度上昇は速度に比例し,被処理製品の表面に噴射粉体を好適に溶融付着させるためには,噴射粉体を高速で噴射する必要がある。 The injection powder is injected at an injection pressure of 0.5 MPa or more or an injection speed of 200 m / sec or more. The temperature rise that occurs when the spray powder collides with the surface of the product to be processed is proportional to the speed, and in order to melt and adhere the spray powder to the surface of the product to be processed, the spray powder is sprayed at high speed. There is a need.
特に,本発明の方法で使用する噴射粉体は,表面に酸化膜が形成されていると共に,この酸化膜(酸化錫)は,錫(未酸化)に対して融点が上昇していることから,前述した高い噴射圧力,噴射速度での噴射が要求される。 In particular, the spray powder used in the method of the present invention has an oxide film formed on the surface, and this oxide film (tin oxide) has a higher melting point than tin (unoxidized). , The above-described high injection pressure and injection speed are required.
〔被処理製品〕
本発明の表面強化被膜の形成対象とする被処理製品は,前述した噴射粉体を,前述した噴射圧力又は噴射速度による噴射,衝突によって酸化錫の被膜を形成可能なものであれば,各種材質,形状,用途のものを使用することができ,好ましくは金属,セラミック又はこれらの混合体から成る被処理製品を処理対象とする。
[Products to be treated]
The treated product to be formed with the surface-enhanced coating of the present invention may be any material as long as it can form a tin oxide coating by spraying or colliding the above-mentioned sprayed powder with the above-mentioned spraying pressure or spraying speed. , Shapes and applications can be used, preferably treated products made of metal, ceramic or mixtures thereof.
被処理製品の材質によっては,形成される酸化錫被膜との間に必要な付着強度が得られない場合があり,このような場合には,被膜の形成前に予めブラストによる前処理を施すものとしても良い。 Depending on the material of the product to be treated, the required adhesion strength may not be obtained with the tin oxide film to be formed. In such a case, pretreatment by blasting is performed before the film is formed. It is also good.
また,被処理製品の表面強度の向上,用途によっては表面強度の向上に加え凹凸の形成による油溜まりの形成を目的として,前記被処理製品に対し平均粒径37〜74μmのハイス鋼等の鋼球を,噴射圧力0.3MPa以上,又は噴射速度100m/sec以上で噴射する前処理を行い,又は前記前処理に代え,又は前記前処理の後に,被処理製品に対し平均粒径20〜63μmのアルミナ・シリカビーズ等のセラミックビーズを,噴射圧力0.2MPa以上,又は噴射速度100m/sec以上で噴射する前処理を,表面強化被膜である前記酸化錫被膜の形成前に行うものとしても良い。 Further, for the purpose of improving the surface strength of the product to be treated and, depending on the application, in addition to improving the surface strength and forming an oil sump by forming irregularities, the steel to be treated has a mean particle size of 37 to 74 μm, such as high-speed steel. A pretreatment for injecting a sphere at an injection pressure of 0.3 MPa or more, or an injection speed of 100 m / sec or more is performed, or instead of the pretreatment or after the pretreatment, an average particle size of 20 to 63 μm is applied to the product to be treated. The pretreatment of injecting ceramic beads such as alumina / silica beads at an injection pressure of 0.2 MPa or more or an injection speed of 100 m / sec or more may be performed before the formation of the tin oxide coating as a surface-enhanced coating. .
〔作用〕
以上のように,表面に酸化膜の形成された平均粒径10〜100μmの錫粉体,好ましくは20〜50μmの錫粉体を,0.5MPa以上,又は噴射速度200m/sec以上という比較的高速で噴射して被処理製品の表面に衝突させると,噴射された錫粉体は,被処理製品の表面に衝突し,弾き返される際にその一部が被処理製品の表面に溶着付着,又は拡散・浸透,被覆して酸化錫の被膜が形成される。
[Action]
As described above, a tin powder with an average particle diameter of 10 to 100 μm, preferably a 20 to 50 μm tin powder having an oxide film formed on the surface, is comparatively 0.5 MPa or more, or a jet speed of 200 m / sec or more. When jetting at high speed and colliding with the surface of the product to be treated, the injected tin powder collides with the surface of the product to be treated, and when it is bounced back, a part of it adheres to the surface of the product to be treated. Alternatively, a tin oxide film is formed by diffusion, penetration and coating.
前述した噴射圧力又は噴射速度で被処理製品の表面に錫粉体を高速で噴射すると,錫粉体は被処理製品の表面に対する衝突前後の速度変化により熱エネルギーが生じる。この熱エネルギーは,錫粉体が衝突した変形部分のみで行われるので,錫粉体及びこの錫粉体が衝突した被処理製品の表面付近に局部的に温度上昇が起こる。 When tin powder is sprayed at a high speed onto the surface of the product to be treated with the above-described spray pressure or spray speed, thermal energy is generated in the tin powder due to the speed change before and after the collision with the surface of the product to be treated. Since this thermal energy is performed only in the deformed portion where the tin powder collides, the temperature rises locally near the surface of the tin powder and the product to be treated with which the tin powder collides.
また,温度上昇は錫粉体の衝突前の速度に比例するので,錫粉体の噴射速度を高速にすると,錫粉体及び被処理製品の表面の温度を高温に上昇させることができる。このとき錫粉体が被処理製品の表面で加熱されるために,この温度上昇によって錫粉体の温度上昇部分において酸化が生じると共に,噴射粉体の表面に形成された酸化膜を含む噴射粉体の一部分が,その温度上昇により被処理製品の表面に溶融付着,拡散浸透,又は被覆して被膜が形成されるものと考えられる。 Further, since the temperature rise is proportional to the speed before the collision of the tin powder, the temperature of the surface of the tin powder and the product to be processed can be raised to a high temperature by increasing the injection speed of the tin powder. At this time, since the tin powder is heated on the surface of the product to be treated, this temperature rise causes oxidation at the temperature rising portion of the tin powder, and the spray powder including an oxide film formed on the surface of the spray powder. It is considered that a part of the body melts, diffuses and penetrates or coats the surface of the product to be treated due to the temperature rise.
同時に,噴射粉体の衝突によってショットピーニングとしての表面加工熱処理等の効果が得られるものである。したがって,この際に付与された残留応力等により,被処理製品の疲労強度の上昇に伴い長寿命化等も同時に達成される。 At the same time, effects such as surface processing heat treatment as shot peening can be obtained by the collision of the spray powder. Therefore, due to the residual stress applied at this time, the service life can be increased as the fatigue strength of the product to be processed increases.
金属としての錫は,ビッカース硬さで5kg/mm2程度の軟質な金属であるが,この錫の酸化物である酸化錫は,最大でビッカース硬さで約1650kg/mm2という高硬度の物質であり,このようにして形成された酸化錫の被膜の硬度は,ジルコニア(HV1100kg/mm2程度),アルミナ(HV1800kg/mm2程度),炭化ケイ素(HV2200kg/mm2程度),窒化アルミニウム(HV1000kg/mm2程度)等のセラミックスと比較しても,遜色のない硬度を備えたものであり,この被膜の形成により被処理製品の表面の高硬度化が図られると共に,耐摩耗性が向上する。 Tin as a metal is a soft metal with a Vickers hardness of about 5 kg / mm 2 , but tin oxide, which is an oxide of this tin, is a material with a maximum hardness of about 1650 kg / mm 2 with a maximum Vickers hardness. The hardness of the tin oxide film thus formed is zirconia (HV 1100 kg / mm 2 ), alumina (HV 1800 kg / mm 2 ), silicon carbide (HV 2200 kg / mm 2 ), aluminum nitride (HV 1000 kg). Compared with ceramics such as about / mm 2 ), it has a comparable hardness, and the formation of this coating increases the hardness of the surface of the treated product and improves wear resistance. .
しかも,このようにして形成された酸化錫の被膜は,切削工具の刃先部や,機械部品の摺動部等,高荷重で他部材との摺接が行われる部分にこれを形成して使用した場合であっても,剥離等が生じ難いものであった。 In addition, the tin oxide coating formed in this way is used by forming it on the cutting edge of a cutting tool and the sliding part of a machine part, such as the part that is in sliding contact with other members under high load. Even in this case, peeling or the like hardly occurred.
また,錫は融点が232℃と低いが,酸化錫の融点は1630℃と高温である。このため,切削工具の刃先や機械部品の摺動部等に使用した場合であっても,摩擦熱に耐え得る熱特性を有するものとなっている。 Tin has a low melting point of 232 ° C., but tin oxide has a high melting point of 1630 ° C. For this reason, even when it is used for the cutting edge of a cutting tool, a sliding part of a machine part, etc., it has thermal characteristics that can withstand frictional heat.
このように,本発明の方法により形成された酸化錫の被膜が,被処理製品の表面に対し高い付着強度で形成されている理由は必ずしも明らかではないが,噴射粉体として表面に酸化膜が形成された錫粉体を使用したことにより,被処理製品の表面に形成される酸化錫被膜の形成の際に,少なくとも噴射粉体表面の酸化錫(酸化膜)が,形成される酸化錫被膜中に取り込まれることと,噴射粉体が被処理製品の表面に衝突した際の発熱に伴う酸化との相乗効果によって,形成された酸化錫被膜における酸素の結合量を,被膜の厚み方向の全域に亘り増加させることができ,かつ,形成する被膜の厚みを1μm以下という比較的薄いものとして形成したことにより,被膜の厚み方向における酸素の結合量を全域に亘り略均一にすることができたことによるものと考えられる。 Thus, although the reason why the tin oxide film formed by the method of the present invention is formed with high adhesion strength to the surface of the product to be treated is not necessarily clear, an oxide film is formed on the surface as a spray powder. By using the formed tin powder, at the time of forming the tin oxide film formed on the surface of the product to be treated, at least tin oxide (oxide film) on the surface of the sprayed powder is formed. The combined amount of oxygen in the formed tin oxide coating is determined in the entire thickness direction of the coating by the synergistic effect of the incorporation of the powder and the oxidation caused by the heat generated when the spray powder collides with the surface of the treated product. In addition, it was possible to increase the amount of oxygen bound in the thickness direction of the coating to be substantially uniform over the entire area by forming the coating to be as thin as 1 μm or less. thing It is considered to be due.
なお,このようにして形成される酸化錫の被膜は,1μm以下と極めて薄いものであることから,錫粉体の噴射を行う被処理製品の形状は,これを最終製品の形状に可及的に近似させた形状(所謂「ニアネットシェイプ」)とすることができ,設計などに際して形成する被膜の膜厚に対する考慮が不要であるといった利点もある。 Since the tin oxide film formed in this way is as thin as 1 μm or less, the shape of the product to be treated for injection of tin powder is as much as possible to the shape of the final product. It is possible to make the shape approximate to (so-called “near net shape”), and there is an advantage that it is not necessary to consider the film thickness of the coating film to be formed at the time of designing.
次に,本発明の方法により被処理製品の表面に,噴射粉体の噴射によって酸化錫の被膜である表面強化被膜を形成した例を実施例として以下に説明する。 Next, an example in which a surface-enhanced coating, which is a coating of tin oxide, is formed on the surface of a product to be treated by spraying spray powder according to the method of the present invention will be described below as an example.
1.実施例1
切削加工用のCBNチップに対し,本発明の方法により表面強化被膜(酸化錫被膜)の形成を行った。表面強化被膜の形成条件を下記の表1に,上記処理によってCBNチップに形成された表面強化被膜の膜厚を測定した結果を表2にそれぞれ示す。
1. Example 1
A surface-enhanced coating (tin oxide coating) was formed on the CBN chip for cutting by the method of the present invention. Table 1 shows the conditions for forming the surface-enhanced coating, and Table 2 shows the results of measuring the film thickness of the surface-enhanced coating formed on the CBN chip by the above treatment.
以上のようにして,本発明の方法により表面強化被膜が形成されたCBNチップを使用して,クロムモリブデン鋼(SCM420)製のシャフト(浸炭品:表面硬度HV700)の切削を行った。 As described above, a shaft made of chromium molybdenum steel (SCM420) (carburized product: surface hardness HV700) was cut using the CBN chip on which the surface-enhanced coating was formed by the method of the present invention.
処理対象としたCBNチップは,未処理の状態で使用する場合,通常,前記シャフト200本の加工により使用不能となるが,上記本発明の方法で表面強化被膜が形成されたCBNチップにあっては,5倍の1000本の加工後においても摩耗が生じておらず,また,チッピングなどの欠けが少なく,シャフトを正常に加工することができた。 When the CBN chip to be processed is used in an unprocessed state, it is usually unusable by processing the 200 shafts. However, in the CBN chip formed with the surface-enhanced coating by the method of the present invention, No wear occurred after 1000 times machining of 5 times, and there was little chipping and chipping, and the shaft could be machined normally.
なお,上記シャフトを1000本加工した後の3つのCBNチップ(サンプルA〜C)の表面に形成されている表面強化被膜の膜厚を測定した結果を,下記の表3に示す。 Table 3 below shows the results of measuring the film thickness of the surface-enhanced coating formed on the surfaces of the three CBN chips (samples A to C) after processing 1,000 shafts.
表3に示すように,上記シャフトを1000本加工した後のCBNチップの表面に形成されている表面強化被膜は,未使用の状態(表2参照)に比較してその膜厚が減少してはいるものの,未だCBNチップの表面には表面強化被膜の存在が確認できた。 As shown in Table 3, the surface-enhanced coating formed on the surface of the CBN chip after processing 1000 of the shafts has a reduced film thickness compared to the unused state (see Table 2). However, the presence of a surface-enhanced coating could still be confirmed on the surface of the CBN chip.
このことから,本発明の方法によって形成された表面強化被膜は,切削工具の刃先等の高荷重での摺接が生じる部分に使用した場合であっても剥離が生じない程の付着強度を有するものであり,また,上記の通りの長寿命化が達成されていることから,被処理製品であるCBNチップの耐摩耗性の向上に大きく貢献していることが判る。 Therefore, the surface-enhanced coating formed by the method of the present invention has an adhesive strength that does not cause peeling even when used in a portion where sliding contact occurs at a high load such as a cutting edge of a cutting tool. In addition, since the long life as described above has been achieved, it can be seen that it greatly contributes to the improvement of the wear resistance of the CBN chip as the product to be processed.
2.実施例2
超硬チップに対し,下表4に示すように微粉用ブラスト装置を使用した前処理を行った後,本発明の方法による表面強化被膜の形成を行った。処理対象とした切削用チップは,その表面にセラミック被膜(WC)が形成されており,下表4に示した前処理は,ピーニング効果によってこのWC被膜のつなぎ材である母材中のCOの強化を行うと共に,WC,COの微細化を可能とする。
2. Example 2
As shown in Table 4 below, the cemented carbide chip was pretreated using a fine powder blasting apparatus, and then a surface-enhanced coating was formed by the method of the present invention. The cutting tip to be treated has a ceramic coating (WC) formed on its surface, and the pretreatment shown in Table 4 below is based on the CO treatment in the base material, which is a connecting material for this WC coating, due to the peening effect. In addition to strengthening, WC and CO can be miniaturized.
以上のようにして,本発明の方法により表面被膜が形成された超硬チップを使用して,クロムモリブデン鋼(SCM420)製のシャフト(浸炭品:表面硬度HV700)の切削を行った。 As described above, a shaft made of chromium molybdenum steel (SCM420) (carburized product: surface hardness HV700) was cut using a cemented carbide chip having a surface coating formed by the method of the present invention.
処理対象とした超硬チップは,未処理の状態で使用する場合,通常,前記シャフト150本の加工により使用不能となる。このような寿命は,表4中に記載した「前処理」を行うことによっても改善することができない。 When the cemented carbide tip to be processed is used in an unprocessed state, it usually becomes unusable by processing the 150 shafts. Such a lifetime cannot be improved by performing the “pretreatment” described in Table 4.
しかし,本発明の方法で表面強化被膜が形成された超硬チップにあっては,未処理の場合の3倍である450本の加工後においても摩耗が生じておらず,また,チッピングなどの欠けが少なく,前記シャフトを正常に加工することができるものであった。 However, in the cemented carbide chip on which the surface-enhanced coating is formed by the method of the present invention, wear does not occur even after processing 450 pieces, which is three times the untreated case. There was little chipping and the shaft could be processed normally.
3.実施例3
サーメットチップ(SKD−11熱処理品)に対し,前処理として微粉用ブラスト装置により表5の前処理を行った後,下記の表6に示す条件で本発明の方法による表面強化被膜の形成を行った。
3. Example 3
A cermet chip (SKD-11 heat-treated product) was subjected to the pretreatment shown in Table 5 using a blasting apparatus for fine powder as a pretreatment, and then a surface-enhanced coating was formed by the method of the present invention under the conditions shown in Table 6 below. It was.
以上のようにして,本発明の方法により表面強化被膜が形成されたサーメットチップを使用して,クロムモリブデン鋼(SCM420)製のシャフト(浸炭品:表面硬度HV700)の切削を行った。 As described above, a shaft made of chromium molybdenum steel (SCM420) (carburized product: surface hardness HV700) was cut using a cermet chip on which a surface-enhanced coating was formed by the method of the present invention.
処理対象としたサーメットチップは,未処理の状態で使用する場合,通常,前記シャフト200本の加工により使用不能となる。このような寿命は,前述した「前処理」を行うことによっても改善することができない。 When the cermet chip to be processed is used in an unprocessed state, the cermet chip is usually unusable by processing the 200 shafts. Such a lifetime cannot be improved even by performing the “pretreatment” described above.
しかし,上記本発明の方法で表面強化被膜が形成されたサーメットチップでは,未処理のサーメットチップに対して3倍である600本の加工後においても摩耗が生じておらず,また,チッピングなどの欠けが少なく,シャフトを正常に加工することができた。 However, in the cermet chip on which the surface-enhanced coating is formed by the method of the present invention, there is no wear even after 600 processing, which is three times as much as that of the untreated cermet chip. There was little chipping and the shaft could be processed normally.
4.実施例4
マトリックスハイス(YXR−3)の熱処理品である転造用Vロールダイスに対し,下記の表7に示す前処理を行った後,表8に示す加工条件で本発明の表面強化被膜の形成を行った。
4). Example 4
After performing the pretreatment shown in Table 7 below on the rolling V-roll die which is a heat treatment product of matrix high speed (YXR-3), the surface-enhanced coating of the present invention is formed under the processing conditions shown in Table 8. went.
以上のようにして,本発明の方法により表面強化被膜が形成されたVロールダイスを使用して転造を行った。 As described above, rolling was performed using a V-roll die having a surface-enhanced coating formed by the method of the present invention.
未処理のVロールダイスの寿命は通常3万個程度の加工が限度であり,また,前記二種類の前処理(前処理1,前処理2)を共に行うことにより,加工個数を延ばすことができるが,その個数は9万個程度が限度である。 The life of unprocessed V-roll dies is usually limited to about 30,000 processing, and the number of processing can be increased by performing the two types of pre-processing (pre-processing 1 and pre-processing 2) together. Yes, the number is limited to about 90,000.
これに対し,上記本発明の処理によって更に表面強化被膜が形成されたVロールダイスにあっては,加工個数を18万個に迄伸ばすことができた。 On the other hand, in the V-roll die in which the surface-enhanced coating was further formed by the treatment of the present invention, the number of processed parts could be increased to 180,000.
Vロールダイスのこのような寿命の向上は,セラミックコーティングによっても得ることができない効果であり,しかも,上記表面強化被膜の形成により,製品の仕上がり面も従来のものと比較して良くなっている。 Such an improvement in the life of the V-roll die is an effect that cannot be obtained even by ceramic coating, and the finished surface of the product is improved compared to the conventional one due to the formation of the surface-enhanced coating. .
5.実施例5
マトリックスハイス(YXR−3)の熱処理品である高張力鋼板用絞り金型に対し,前記表7に示した2種類の前処理を行った後,下記の表9に示す処理条件で本発明の表面強化被膜を形成した。
5. Example 5
After performing the two types of pretreatments shown in Table 7 on the drawing die for high-tensile steel plate, which is a heat treatment product of matrix high speed (YXR-3), the processing conditions shown in Table 9 below are used. A surface enhanced coating was formed.
以上のようにして,本発明の方法により表面強化被膜が形成された絞り金型を使用して高張力鋼板の絞り加工を行った。 As described above, high-strength steel sheets were drawn using a drawing die having a surface-enhanced coating formed by the method of the present invention.
未処理の絞り金型の寿命は通常2万個程度であり,また,前述した二種類の前処理のみを行った場合には加工個数を延ばすことができたものの,4万個程度を限度とする。 The life of unprocessed drawing dies is usually about 20,000, and when only the two types of pretreatment described above were performed, the number of workpieces could be extended, but the limit was about 40,000. To do.
これに対し,上記前処理後の絞り金型に対し,本発明の処理によって表面強化被膜を形成した場合には,8万個の加工が可能となった。 On the other hand, when the surface-enhanced coating is formed by the treatment of the present invention on the drawing die after the pretreatment, 80,000 pieces can be processed.
絞り金型のこのような寿命の向上は,セラミックコーティングによっても得ることができない効果であり,しかも,上記表面強化被膜の形成により,製品に発生する傷が減少した。 Such an improvement in the service life of the drawing die is an effect that cannot be obtained even by a ceramic coating. Moreover, the formation of the surface-enhanced coating reduces the number of scratches generated on the product.
6.実施例6
機械構造用炭素鋼(S45C)製の機械ディスク板に上記表7に示した前処理のうち,「前処理1」と同様の処理(但し,噴射時間については片面3分×2方向。)を行った後,下記の表10に示す処理条件で本発明の表面強化被膜の形成を行った。
6). Example 6
Of the pretreatments shown in Table 7 above, mechanical carbon steel (S45C) mechanical disk plates are subjected to the same treatment as “Pretreatment 1” (however, the injection time is 3 minutes on one side × 2 directions). Then, the surface-enhanced coating of the present invention was formed under the processing conditions shown in Table 10 below.
アズ・ロールド鋼(S45C)製の機械ディスク板(ブレーキディスク)において,未処理の場合には,その寿命は107回を達成することができるものとはなっていなかった。 When the machine disk plate (brake disk) made of as-rolled steel (S45C) was not treated, its life could not be reached 10 7 times.
また,前述の前処理(表7の「前処理1」)を行うことにより,その寿命を延ばすことができるものの,107回程度が限度である。 In addition, by performing the above-mentioned pretreatment ("Pretreatment 1" in Table 7), the lifetime can be extended, but the limit is about 10 7 times.
これに対し,本発明の方法により表面強化被膜が形成された機械ディスク板(ブレーキディスク)にあっては,1桁多い108回迄,その寿命を延ばすことができた。 In contrast, the mechanical disc plate (brake disc) on which the surface-enhanced coating was formed by the method of the present invention was able to extend its life up to 10 8 times, an order of magnitude greater.
また,本発明の方法により表面強化被膜が形成された機械ディスク板(ブレーキディスク)にあっては,ブレーキの鳴きがなくなり,停止をスムーズに行うことができた。 Further, in the mechanical disk plate (brake disk) on which the surface-enhanced coating was formed by the method of the present invention, there was no brake squeal and the stop could be performed smoothly.
なお,この種のブレーキディスクにあっては,ディスク板を強化すると,パットの寿命が短くなるという問題が生じるが,本発明の方法により表面強化被膜の形成された機械ディスク(ブレーキディスク)にあっては,ディスク板の寿命のみならず,パットの寿命についても延長するものであった。 In this type of brake disk, if the disk plate is reinforced, there is a problem that the life of the pad is shortened. However, there is a problem with a mechanical disk (brake disk) having a surface-enhanced coating formed by the method of the present invention. As a result, not only the life of the disk plate but also the life of the pad was extended.
7.実施例7
織物機械用のスライドレールに対して表7に示した前処理1,前処理2の双方を共に行った後(但し,噴射時間については「前処理1」について 2分間×2方向,「前処理2」について2分間×2方向。),下記の表11に示す処理条件で本発明の表面強化被膜の形成を行った。
7). Example 7
After both the pretreatment 1 and pretreatment 2 shown in Table 7 were performed on the slide rails for the textile machine (however, the injection time is 2 minutes x 2 directions for "Pretreatment 1", "Pretreatment 2 ”for 2 minutes × 2 directions), the surface-enhanced coating of the present invention was formed under the processing conditions shown in Table 11 below.
本実施例で処理対象とした上記スライドレールは,セラミックス製の部品が摺動するために異常摩耗が発生するが,前記スライドレールは織物機械(織機)の部品であり,製品である織物に対して潤滑油が付着することを防止するために注油を行うことなく使用されていた部品である。 The above-mentioned slide rail to be treated in this embodiment causes abnormal wear due to the sliding of ceramic parts. However, the slide rail is a part of a textile machine (loom), and it is against a fabric that is a product. This is a part that was used without lubrication to prevent the lubricating oil from adhering.
そのため,未処理の状態の前記スライドレールでは,約5000時間の使用で交換が必要となっていた。 Therefore, the slide rail in an unprocessed state needs to be replaced after being used for about 5000 hours.
また,表7に示したと同様の前処理を行うことにより寿命を延ばすことができるが,それも7500時間程度が限度である。 In addition, the same pretreatment as shown in Table 7 can be used to extend the lifetime, but it is limited to about 7500 hours.
これに対し,本発明の方法により表面強化被膜が形成されたスライドレールにあっては,15000時間の使用が可能となり,大幅に寿命を延長することができるものとなった。 On the other hand, the slide rail on which the surface-enhanced coating is formed by the method of the present invention can be used for 15000 hours, and the life can be greatly extended.
なお,未処理のスライドレールでは,前述した異常摩耗によって使用時に鉄粉が発生し,この鉄粉が錆びて織物に付着して製品価値を下げるという問題を生じていたが,本発明の方法により処理されたスライドレールでは,このような異常摩耗,従って鉄粉の発生がなく,錆びによる織物の汚染といった問題についても解消できるものであった。 In the case of an untreated slide rail, iron powder was generated during use due to the above-mentioned abnormal wear, and this iron powder rusted and adhered to the fabric, resulting in a problem that the product value was lowered. The treated slide rails were free from such abnormal wear and hence iron powder generation, and could solve the problem of woven fabric contamination due to rust.
8.実施例8
SCM435の浸炭品である,タッパー(タップ加工機)の駆動軸に対して,表7に示した前処理1,2(但し噴射時間については「前処理1」について2分,「前処理2」について2分。)をいずれも行った後,下記の表12に示す加工条件により本発明の表面強化被膜の形成を行った。
8). Example 8
For the drive shaft of a tapper (tapping machine) that is a carburized product of SCM435, the pretreatments 1 and 2 shown in Table 7 (however, regarding the injection time, “pretreatment 1” is 2 minutes, “pretreatment 2”) 2 minutes.), The surface-enhanced coating of the present invention was formed under the processing conditions shown in Table 12 below.
処理対象としたタッパーに使用されている駆動軸にあっては,摺動時の音の発生,異常摩耗により寿命が短いこと等が問題となっており,寿命については通常106回程度の使用により使用できないものとなっていた。 In the drive shaft used in the Tupperware was processed, generation of noise during sliding, abnormal wear has become possible such as short life problems, the use of generally about 10 6 times for life Because of this, it was impossible to use.
また,前述した表7に示した処理を行うことにより寿命を伸ばすことは可能であるが,この方法による寿命の延長も107回程度が限度であり,これ以上の長寿命化は望めない。 In addition, it is possible to extend the life by performing the processing shown in Table 7 described above, but the extension of the life by this method is limited to about 10 7 times, and it is not possible to expect a longer life.
しかし,本発明の方法により表面強化被膜が形成されたタッパー駆動軸にあっては,更に1桁多い108回までその寿命を延長することができた。 However, the life of the tapper drive shaft on which the surface-enhanced coating was formed by the method of the present invention could be extended up to 10 8 times, which is one digit more.
また,摺動時の音の発生が減少し,作動音が静かになると共に,タップネジの加工精度も向上した。 In addition, the generation of noise during sliding has been reduced, the operation noise has been reduced, and the tap screw machining accuracy has been improved.
なお,未処理の上記タッパー駆動軸に対し,前処理のみ(表7の前処理1及び前処理2)を行った例(比較例)と,前記前処理後のタッパー駆動軸に対して,更に上記表12に示した本発明の表面強化被膜の形成を行った例(実施例)のそれぞれに対し,残留応力の測定,硬さ測定,表面粗さ測定を行った結果を,下記の表13〜15に,前記比較例及び実施例の表面を撮影した電子顕微鏡写真をそれぞれ図1,2に示す。 It should be noted that an example (comparative example) in which only the pre-processing (pre-processing 1 and pre-processing 2 in Table 7) is performed on the unprocessed tapper drive shaft and the pre-processed tapper drive shaft are further provided. The results of the residual stress measurement, the hardness measurement, and the surface roughness measurement for each of the examples (Examples) in which the surface-enhanced coating of the present invention shown in Table 12 was formed are shown in Table 13 below. FIGS. 1 and 2 show electron micrographs obtained by photographing the surfaces of the comparative example and the examples, respectively.
上記表13に示す残留応力の測定結果から明らかなように,本発明の方法により表面強化被膜の形成を行ったタッパー駆動軸(実施例)にあっては,前処理のみを行ったタッパー駆動軸(比較例)に比較して残留応力が増加していることが確認された。 As is apparent from the measurement results of the residual stress shown in Table 13, the tapper drive shaft (Example) in which the surface-enhanced coating is formed by the method of the present invention is the tapper drive shaft subjected to only the pretreatment. It was confirmed that the residual stress was increased as compared with (Comparative Example).
このような残留応力の増加より,本発明の方法により表面強化被膜の形成されたタッパー駆動軸(実施例)にあっては,前処理のみを行ったタッパー駆動軸(比較例)に対し,疲労強度等の向上という効果も得られるものであることが判る。 Due to such an increase in residual stress, the tapper drive shaft (Example) in which the surface-enhanced coating is formed by the method of the present invention is less fatigued than the tapper drive shaft (Comparative Example) in which only the pretreatment is performed. It can be seen that the effect of improving the strength and the like can also be obtained.
また,表14に示した硬度測定結果より,本発明の方法により表面強化被膜の形成されたタッパー駆動軸(実施例)では,前処理のみを行ったタッパー駆動軸(比較例)に対して表面付近の硬度が上昇していることが確認できた。 Further, from the hardness measurement results shown in Table 14, the surface of the tapper drive shaft (Example) in which the surface-enhanced coating was formed by the method of the present invention was compared with the surface of the tapper drive shaft (Comparative Example) that had been pretreated only. It was confirmed that the hardness in the vicinity increased.
このような表面付近の硬度の上昇は,比較例のタッパー駆動軸には存在しない酸化錫被膜(表面強化被膜)の形成により得られているものであり,本発明の方法により好適に酸化錫の被膜である表面強化被膜が形成されていることが確認できると共に,高硬度であるこの表面強化被膜により,前述したように摺動製品の寿命向上といった母材の表面強化が図られていることが判る。 Such an increase in hardness near the surface is obtained by the formation of a tin oxide film (surface-enhanced film) that does not exist on the tapper drive shaft of the comparative example. It can be confirmed that a surface-enhanced coating, which is a coating, is formed, and the surface-enhanced coating that is high in hardness can enhance the surface of the base material to improve the life of the sliding product as described above. I understand.
なお,表15に示したように,本発明の方法により表面強化被膜が形成されたタッパー駆動軸(実施例)の表面あらさは,前処理のみを行ったタッパー駆動軸(比較例)に比較し,Rmaxで0.7μmの上昇が見られた。 As shown in Table 15, the surface roughness of the tapper drive shaft (Example) on which the surface-enhanced coating was formed by the method of the present invention was compared with that of the tapper drive shaft (Comparative Example) in which only the pretreatment was performed. , Rmax rose 0.7 μm.
図2(B)として添付した顕微鏡写真より,形成された錫被膜の最大付着量は0.7μm程度であり,図中に暗く写っている部分が0.1μm程度であると思われ,これにより前記条件によって形成された表面強化被膜の膜厚は,Rmaxの増加分である約0.7μmであると考えられる。 From the micrograph attached as FIG. 2 (B), the maximum amount of tin coating formed is about 0.7 μm, and the dark portion in the figure seems to be about 0.1 μm. The film thickness of the surface-enhanced coating formed under the above conditions is considered to be about 0.7 μm, which is an increase in Rmax.
9.その他(未酸化の錫粉体を使用した被膜形成)
本発明の方法と同様の方法により,ガスアトマイズ法によって得られた未酸化の錫粉体を噴射して被処理製品の表面に被膜を形成した場合,形成された被膜は軟質であり,水アトマイズ法によって得られた錫粉体を噴射粉体とした場合のように,硬質の酸化錫の被膜を形成することはできなかった。
9. Others (film formation using unoxidized tin powder)
When a film is formed on the surface of a product to be treated by injecting unoxidized tin powder obtained by the gas atomization method by the same method as the method of the present invention, the formed film is soft and the water atomization method is used. It was not possible to form a hard tin oxide film as in the case where the tin powder obtained by the above method was used as a spray powder.
また,未酸化の錫被膜を使用する場合,比較的短時間の噴射によって膜厚が2〜3μmと本発明のものと比較して厚くなり,膜厚を1μm以下の厚さに制御することができなかった。 In addition, when an unoxidized tin coating is used, the film thickness is increased to 2-3 μm compared to the present invention by relatively short jetting, and the film thickness can be controlled to 1 μm or less. could not.
このようにして形成された錫の被膜は,これを例えば機械部品の摺動部等に形成することで,被膜を構成する錫成分が剥離して移動,移着を繰り返すことによる潤滑性の向上により母材の摩耗を防止し得ることが予測できるものの,このようにして得られる耐摩耗性は,本発明の方法によるものとは全く異なる原理によるものである。 The tin coating formed in this manner is formed on, for example, a sliding part of a machine part, thereby improving lubricity by repeatedly moving and transferring the tin component constituting the coating. Although it can be predicted that the wear of the base material can be prevented by this, the wear resistance obtained in this way is based on a completely different principle from that according to the method of the present invention.
以上説明した本発明の表面強化被膜の形成方法は,各種被処理製品を対象としてこれを行うことができ,特に他部材と摺接される機械部品等の摺動部,例えば各種のシャフト,軸受,ギヤ等の動力伝達部材の噛合部乃至は接触部,自動車やオートバイ等のブレーキディスク,ブレーキロータ,クラッチ板,各種切削工具の刃先部,絞り・曲げ・圧延用等の各種金型,その他,表面強化が必要とされる各種用途に使用することができ,その用途は限定されない。 The method for forming a surface-enhanced coating according to the present invention described above can be applied to various products to be treated, and in particular, sliding parts such as mechanical parts that are in sliding contact with other members, such as various shafts and bearings. , Meshing parts or contact parts of power transmission members such as gears, brake disks for automobiles and motorcycles, brake rotors, clutch plates, cutting edge parts of various cutting tools, various molds for drawing, bending, rolling, etc. It can be used for various applications where surface reinforcement is required, and the application is not limited.
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