JP4769767B2 - Diameter expansion excavation bucket, intermediate expansion portion excavation method, and bottom expansion portion excavation method - Google Patents

Description

  TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an enlarged diameter excavation bucket for forming an enlarged diameter portion in a pile hole, an intermediate diameter enlarged portion excavation method for forming an intermediate enlarged diameter portion, and an expanded bottom portion excavating method for forming an expanded bottom portion.

  With the increase in size and height of buildings, high vertical support performance is required for foundation piles. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 35, a cast-in-place concrete pile is adopted in which the vertical support force is increased by forming an expanded bottom portion in which the tip end portion 502 of the foundation pile 500 is expanded.

  Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 36, a cast-in-place concrete pile is proposed in which an intermediate enlarged portion 508 having an enlarged diameter is provided not only at the tip portion 506 of the foundation pile 504. In this pile, since the intermediate enlarged diameter portion 508 functions like a screw thread in the ground, a large vertical support force and pulling resistance force can be obtained from the surrounding ground.

  Cast-in-place concrete piles such as those shown in Figs. 35 and 36 can provide sufficient vertical support and pull-out resistance even if the pile diameter is reduced. The liquid can be reduced and the environmental load can be reduced.

  Moreover, since concrete and a reinforcing bar which are pile materials can be reduced, cost reduction and construction period shortening can be aimed at.

  In the split bucket rotary excavator 512 of Patent Document 1 shown in FIG. 37A, a rectangular tube shape that is slidably fitted inside a rectangular tube-shaped outer tube 516 that is connected to the lower end of the Kelly bar 514. The inner cylinder 518 is provided. A bottom plate 520 having a bit (not shown) on the lower surface is horizontally attached to the lower end portion of the inner cylinder 518.

  Inside the outer cylinder 516, a hydraulic cylinder 526 having a rear end rotatably connected to the top of the outer cylinder 516 is provided, and a pin 530 provided at the tip of the piston rod 528 of the hydraulic cylinder 526 is provided. Since the tip end portion of the piston rod 528 and the lower end portion of the inner cylinder 518 are connected, the inner cylinder 518 expands and contracts when the piston rod 528 of the hydraulic cylinder 526 expands and contracts.

  Around the outer cylinder 516 and the inner cylinder 518, a curved side wall plate 522 having a bit (not shown) disposed on the outer wall surface is provided. The outer cylinder 516, the inner cylinder 518, and the curved side wall plate 522 are provided. They are connected by a parallel link mechanism 524.

  Therefore, when the piston rod 528 of the hydraulic cylinder 526 is in the longest state, the curved side wall plate 522 is translated inward by the action of the parallel link mechanism 524, so the diameter of the bucket is minimized as shown in FIG. .

  Then, the split bucket type rotary excavator 512 in this state is placed on the bottom of the pile hole that expands the diameter, and the rotary bucket drive rotary excavator 512 is rotated via the kelly bar 514 by a rotation driving device (not shown). When the split bucket type rotary excavator 512 is lowered while the piston rod 528 of the hydraulic cylinder 526 is contracted, the bottom of the pile hole is excavated in diameter. Then, the split bucket rotary excavator 512 is fully opened as shown in FIG.

  The earth and sand excavated by the diameter expansion excavation at the bottom of the pile hole is accommodated in the fully closed bucket by returning the curved side wall plate 522 to the state shown in FIG. And the division | segmentation bucket type | mold rotary excavation apparatus 512 discharges | emits the earth and sand accommodated in the bucket, after being lifted on the ground by the crane.

  Here, the amount of excavated sediment that can be discharged in one excavation step depends on the bucket capacity. In a device in which the side wall of the bucket (curved side wall plate 522) also serves as a cutter for earth and sand excavation, such as the split bucket type rotary excavator 512 of Patent Document 1, if the side wall is increased in order to increase the bucket capacity, the excavation load Is unfavorable because of an increase in size.

  Therefore, it is difficult for the divided bucket rotary excavator 512 of Patent Document 1 to increase the amount of excavated sediment that can be discharged in one excavation step, and the split bucket rotary rotary excavator 512 with a small bucket capacity expands the diameter. When excavation is performed, since the number of times of lifting and lowering of the divided bucket rotary excavator 512 for discharging excavated earth and sand to the ground has to be increased, the construction efficiency is lowered.

  In addition, when performing bottom-expanded excavation of the bottom of the pile hole after forming an intermediate diameter enlarged portion in the middle of the pile hole, when the number of times of lifting and lowering of the divided bucket rotary excavator 512 for discharging excavated sediment at the bottom of the pile hole to the ground increases There is a concern that the split bucket-type rotary excavator 512 may come into contact with the tail end of the intermediate enlarged diameter portion where excavation has been completed and collapse and the quality of the pile hole may deteriorate.

  Here, it is conceivable to separately provide a large-capacity earth and sand collection bucket below the curved side wall plate 522 of the split bucket type rotary excavator 512. For example, in order to form an inclined surface at the lower portion of the intermediate enlarged diameter portion When the cutter is attached to the lower end portion of the curved side wall plate 522, the earth and sand collection bucket is provided below the lower end of the cutter. It becomes quite large and difficult to lift with a crane.

Moreover, when forming an expanded bottom part, the bucket for earth and sand collection becomes obstructive, and the lower part of an expanded bottom part cannot be formed.
JP-A-60-242292

  In consideration of such facts, the present invention can form an intermediate diameter expanded portion or a bottom expanded portion of a pile hole and can increase the number of times of lifting of a diameter expanded excavation bucket for discharging excavated material to the ground. It is an object of the present invention to provide a diameter excavation bucket, an intermediate diameter expanded portion excavation method, and a bottom expanded portion excavation method.

  An invention according to claim 1 is provided on a rotating shaft that is suspended and rotated by a main body of an excavator, expands and contracts to excavate a hole wall of a vertical hole, and forms an expanded portion in the vertical hole. The arm portion is detachably attached to the lower end portion of the expanded wing portion, and forms an inclined surface toward the lower center of the vertical hole at the lower portion of the expanded diameter portion, and the opening surface is located at the lower end of the arm portion And a connecting means for detachably attaching to the lower end portion of the rotating shaft, a tray-like container provided so that an opening surface is positioned at the lower end of the wing expansion portion, and the saucer and the bowl The container has a size such that the outer periphery contacts the hole wall of the vertical hole, and the side wall of the bowl-shaped container is higher than the side wall of the tray.

  In the first aspect of the present invention, the blade expansion portion is provided on the rotating shaft that is suspended and rotated by the excavator body. By expanding and contracting the expanded wing portion, the hole wall of the vertical hole is excavated, and an enlarged diameter portion is formed in the vertical hole.

  An arm part is detachably attached to the lower end part of the expanded wing part. An arm part forms the inclined surface which goes to the downward center of a vertical hole in the lower part of an enlarged diameter part by expansion / contraction of a blade expansion part.

  And a saucer and a bowl-shaped container are attached to the lower end part of a rotating shaft so that replacement | exchange is possible by a connection means.

  The tray is provided so that the opening surface is located at the lower end of the arm portion, and the bowl-shaped container is provided so that the opening surface is located at the lower end of the wing expansion portion.

  The saucer and the bowl-shaped container are sized such that the outer periphery contacts the hole wall of the vertical hole. Moreover, the height of the side wall of the bowl-shaped container is higher than the height of the side wall of the tray.

  Therefore, in a state where the tray is attached to the lower end portion of the rotating shaft by the connecting means, the receiving tray collects the excavated material of the hole wall excavated by the wing expanding portion and the arm portion, and the bowl-shaped container is rotated by the connecting means. In the state of being attached to the lower end of the slab, since the bowl-shaped container collects the drilled material of the hole wall drilled by the wing expansion part, it is possible to eliminate or reduce the drilled material that falls and accumulates at the bottom of the vertical hole. it can.

  Thereby, the operation | work which raises / lowers the earth and sand collection | recovery bucket in order to discharge | emits the excavation accumulated in the bottom part of the vertical hole can be eliminated, or the frequency | count of raising / lowering the earth and sand collection bucket can be reduced.

  Further, when forming the inclined surface at the lower part of the enlarged diameter portion, the tray can be attached to the lower end portion of the rotating shaft by the connecting means so that the arm portion can be attached, and at the time of other excavation, the arm portion is not attached. A cage-like container capable of collecting a large amount of excavated material in one excavation step is attached to the lower end portion of the rotating shaft by a connecting means.

  Thereby, while being able to form an inclined surface in the lower part of an enlarged diameter part by an arm part, the raising / lowering frequency | count of the enlarged diameter excavation bucket for discharging excavated material on the ground can be reduced, and construction efficiency improves. .

  In addition, the bowl-shaped container is attached to the lower end of the rotating shaft so that the opening surface is located at the lower end of the wing expansion part without providing an arm part between the lower end of the wing expansion part. In addition, the mechanical height of the enlarged diameter excavation bucket when the bowl-shaped container having a high side wall is attached can be suppressed to the mechanical height of the enlarged diameter excavation bucket when the arm portion and the tray are attached.

  Thereby, the large-diameter excavation bucket provided with the bowl-shaped container can be lifted on the ground by the excavator body (for example, a crane) that suspends the large-diameter excavation bucket provided with the arm portion and the tray.

  In addition, when excavating the hole wall while moving the enlarged diameter excavation bucket from the top to the bottom of the vertical hole, the saucer and the bowl-shaped container guide the center of the rotating shaft to the center position of the vertical hole. The roundness of the part can be increased. Moreover, since the height of the side wall of a bowl-shaped container is higher than the height of the side wall of a saucer, the surrounding area which contacts a hole wall becomes large.

  Thereby, rotation of the bucket for diameter expansion excavation can be stabilized more.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an intermediate diameter expanding portion excavating a hole wall of a vertical hole to form an intermediate diameter expanded portion at an intermediate portion of the vertical hole. In the state where the arm portion is attached to the lower end portion of the wing expanding portion provided on the rotating shaft, and the tray is attached to the lower end portion of the rotating shaft so that the opening surface is located at the lower end of the arm portion. An intermediate diameter expanded lower portion forming step of forming a lower inclined surface of the intermediate diameter expanded portion by the arm portion, and an opening surface is positioned at the lower end of the blade expanding portion from which the arm portion has been removed. Middle diameter expanded upper middle part that expands and contracts the blade expansion part and forms the upper inclined surface and the vertical surface of the intermediate diameter expanded part by the blade expansion part with the bowl-shaped container attached to the lower end of the rotating shaft. A forming step, and the tray and the bowl-shaped container Is sized to contact the side walls of the tub-shaped container is characterized by higher than the side wall of the pan.

  In the second aspect of the invention, the intermediate enlarged diameter portion is formed in the middle portion of the vertical hole by excavating the hole wall of the vertical hole by the intermediate enlarged diameter lower portion forming step and the intermediate enlarged upper portion forming step.

  In the intermediate enlarged diameter lower part forming process, the arm part is attached to the lower end part of the expanded blade part provided on the rotating shaft suspended and rotated by the excavator body, and further rotated so that the opening surface is positioned at the lower end of the arm part. Attach a saucer to the lower end of the shaft.

  Then, in this state, the expanded blade portion is expanded and contracted, and the lower inclined surface of the intermediate expanded portion is formed by the arm portion.

  In the intermediate diameter expanding upper middle forming step, the bowl-shaped container is attached to the lower end of the rotating shaft so that the opening surface is positioned at the lower end of the expanded blade from which the arm is removed.

  In this state, the expanded wing portion is expanded and contracted, and the upper inclined surface and the vertical surface of the intermediate expanded portion are formed by the expanded wing portion.

  Here, the saucer and the bowl-shaped container are sized such that the outer periphery contacts the hole wall of the vertical hole. Furthermore, the height of the side wall of the bowl-shaped container is higher than the height of the side wall of the tray.

  Therefore, when forming the lower inclined surface of the intermediate enlarged portion, the arm is attached by attaching the tray to the lower end portion of the rotating shaft, and when forming the upper inclined surface and the vertical surface of the intermediate enlarged portion, the arm is attached. A bowl-like container that can collect a large amount of excavated material in a single excavation step than the saucer without attaching the part is attached to the lower end of the rotating shaft.

  Thereby, while being able to form the lower inclined surface of an intermediate | middle enlarged diameter part with an arm part, the frequency | count of raising / lowering of the enlarged diameter excavation bucket for discharging | emitting excavation material on the ground can be reduced, and construction efficiency improves.

  Further, the bowl-shaped container is attached to the lower end portion of the rotating shaft so that the opening surface is located at the lower end of the wing expansion portion without providing the arm portion between the lower end of the wing expansion portion, so that the side wall is more than the tray. It is possible to suppress the mechanical height of the enlarged diameter excavation bucket when the bowl-shaped container having a high height is attached to the mechanical height of the enlarged diameter excavation bucket when the arm portion and the saucer are attached. .

  Thereby, the large-diameter excavation bucket provided with the bowl-shaped container can be lifted on the ground by the excavator body (for example, a crane) that suspends the large-diameter excavation bucket provided with the arm portion and the tray.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of excavating a bottom of a vertical hole to form an expanded base at the bottom of the vertical hole, and the rotary shaft is provided on a rotating shaft that is suspended and rotated by an excavator body. With the bowl-shaped container attached to the lower end of the rotating shaft so that the opening surface is located at the lower end of the expanded wing portion, the upper wing portion is expanded and contracted to form the upper portion of the expanded bottom portion. And a step of expanding the wing portion in a state where a plate-like bottom cover member is attached to the lower end portion of the rotating shaft so that the upper surface is located at the lower end of the wing portion. And a bottom-up bottom forming step of forming a bottom part of the bottom-up part by a portion, wherein the tray and the bottom cover member are sized so that the outer periphery contacts the hole wall of the vertical hole.

  In the third aspect of the invention, the bottom wall is formed at the bottom of the vertical hole by excavating the hole wall of the vertical hole by the bottom-up top forming step and the bottom-up bottom forming step.

  In the step of forming the expanded bottom, the bowl-shaped container is attached to the lower end of the rotating shaft so that the opening surface is positioned at the lower end of the expanded blade provided on the rotating shaft that is suspended and rotated by the excavator body.

  In this state, the expanded wing portion is expanded and contracted to form the upper portion of the expanded bottom portion.

  In the bottom expanded bottom forming step, a plate-like bottom lid member is attached to the lower end of the rotating shaft so that the upper surface is positioned at the lower end of the blade expanding portion provided on the rotating shaft suspended and rotated by the excavator body.

  In this state, the expanded wing portion is expanded and contracted to form a lower portion of the expanded bottom portion.

  Here, the bowl-shaped container and the bottom lid member are sized such that the outer periphery contacts the hole wall of the vertical hole.

  Therefore, when forming the upper part of the expanded bottom part, a bowl-shaped container that can collect more excavated material in one excavation step than the bucket formed by the expanded wing part and the bottom lid member is attached, and the expanded bottom part A bottom cover member is attached when forming the lower part of.

  Thereby, while being able to form the lower part of an expanded bottom part, the raising / lowering frequency | count of the diameter expansion excavation bucket for discharging | emitting excavation material on the ground can be reduced, and construction efficiency improves.

  Since this invention set it as the said structure, while being able to form the intermediate diameter expansion part or bottom expansion part of a pile hole, the raising / lowering frequency | count of the diameter expansion excavation bucket for discharging excavation material on the ground can be reduced.

  A diameter-excavation bucket according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 shows an overall configuration of an excavator 10 that forms an intermediate expanded portion in the middle of a pile hole 20 for constructing a cast-in-place concrete pile.

  A kelly bar 12 is connected to and suspended from a wire 88 of a crane 16 as an excavator body. Further, a turning device 14 is provided in the middle of the kelly bar 12, and the kelly bar 12 is rotated without restricting the vertical movement of the kelly bar 12.

  The positioning arm 18 projecting from the front of the crane 16 adjusts the horizontal position of the turning device 14 and arranges the kelly bar 12 at the center position of the pile hole 20 as a vertical hole.

  As shown in FIG. 9C, a shaft member 60 is connected to the upper end portion of the fixed post 24 serving as a rotating shaft. The kelly bar 12 is pin-connected to the connection bracket 26 provided on the shaft member 60.

  The pile hole 20 in FIG. 1 is formed by previously excavating the ground 28 with a drilling bucket for Keriba, and a stabilizing liquid L such as bentonite that prevents the collapse of the hole wall is contained in the pile hole 20. be satisfied.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the enlarged diameter excavation bucket 22 includes an upper stabilizer portion 36, an expansion / contraction bucket portion 38, and a lower stabilizer portion 40, which are arranged in this order from the top.

  As shown in the plan view of FIG. 3, the upper stabilizer portion 36 includes four arcuate guide members 42 that surround the shaft member 60 in a diagonal shape.

  Inside each guide member 42, the rear end portion of the rectangular tubular slide member 44 is fixed, and the front end portion of the slide member 44 faces the shaft member 60. The slide member 44 is slidably fitted inside a rectangular tube-like support member 46 projecting outward from each corner portion of the shaft member 60. Thereby, the guide member 42 can be expanded outside (the direction of arrow N) rather than the state of FIG.

  The support member 46 has two through holes 50 through which the bolts 48 pass, and the slide member 44 has seven through holes 52 through which the bolts 48 pass at equal intervals.

  The slide member 44 is slid to adjust the position of the guide member 42 to such an extent that a slight gap is left between the hole wall surface of the pile hole 20 and the guide member 42, and the through hole 50 and the through hole 52 coincide with each other. It is fixed with two bolts 48.

  At this time, by making the slide amount of each slide member 44 equal, the center of the fixed post 24 connected to the shaft member 60 can be guided to the center position of the pile hole 20.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the expansion / contraction bucket portion 38 is provided with four side wall plates 30 as wing expansion portions surrounding the fixed post 24. All of the four side wall plates 30 have the same shape, and the flat cross section of the side wall plate 30 has an arc shape. Further, the lower portion 30B of the side wall plate 30 forms a substantially vertical surface, and the upper portion 30A of the side wall plate 30 is inclined inward.

  Excavation bits 32 are arranged at equal intervals in the vertical direction at the leading end of the rotation direction of each side wall plate 30 (in the direction of arrow M). As shown in FIG. 4 of the AA sectional view of FIG. 2, the excavation bit 32 has a sharp shape toward the hole wall surface of the pile hole 20. Therefore, when the fixed post 24 is rotated in the direction of the arrow M by the turning device 14 via the kelly bar 12, and the side wall plate 30 moves to the hole wall surface side of the pile hole 20, the hole wall of the pile hole 20 is excavated. An intermediate enlarged portion is formed.

  An arm member 34 as an arm portion is detachably attached to the lower end portion of each side wall plate 30 in FIG. 2 so that the front end portion is directed downward and inward. The lengths of the opposing arm members 34 are the same, and the lengths of the adjacent arm members 34 are different. That is, the length of the opposing arm member 34 is long, and the length of the opposing arm member 34 is short. As a result, when the bucket diameter of the large-diameter excavation bucket 22 is minimum, the longer arm member 34 intersects, and the shorter arm member 34 does not collide with the intersecting longer arm member 34. It has become. As shown in FIG. 5, the lower portion 30 </ b> B of the side wall plate 30 forms a vertical plane substantially parallel to the vertical line 62, and the upper portion 30 </ b> A of the side wall plate 30 is inclined inward by an angle E with respect to the vertical line 62. is doing. This angle E becomes the inclination angle of the inclined surface 56A at the upper part of the intermediate expanded portion when the intermediate expanded portion 56 is excavated.

  The arm member 34 is fixed to a lower end portion of a bracket 74 provided on the inner side of the side wall plate 30 so as to be inclined inward by an angle F with respect to the vertical line 62. This angle F becomes the inclination angle of the inclined surface 56 </ b> C at the lower portion of the intermediate enlarged portion when the intermediate enlarged portion 56 is excavated.

  As shown in FIG. 6A, which is a front view of the arm member 34 shown in FIG. 5 as viewed from the outside, the arm member 34 also has the same excavation bit 58 as the excavation bit 32 of the side wall plate 30 at equal intervals in the vertical direction. It is arranged.

  As shown in FIG. 6B of the BB cross-sectional view of FIG. 6A, the excavation bit 58 has a sharp shape toward the inclined surface 56C side of the lower portion of the intermediate enlarged diameter portion. Therefore, the fixed post 24 is rotated in the direction of the arrow M by the turning device 14 via the kelly bar 12, and the arm member 34 moves outward together with the side wall plate 30, so that the hole wall of the pile hole 20 is shaved, and the intermediate diameter is increased. An inclined surface 56C at the lower part is formed.

  The arm member 34 is detachably attached to the lower end portion of the side wall plate 30 by the structure shown in FIG. Through holes 161 </ b> A and 161 </ b> B of bolts 163 are formed in the bracket 160 provided at the upper end portion of the arm member 34.

  Through holes 162A and 162B of bolts 163 are also formed in the bracket 74 provided inside the side wall plate 30, and the arm member 34 is attached to the lower end portion of the side wall plate 30 so that the bracket 160 is attached to the bracket 74. The through holes 162A and 162B coincide with the through holes 161A and 161B.

  Then, as shown in the right diagram of FIG. 7, the positions of the through holes 161A and 161B and the through holes 162A and 162B are aligned, the bolts 163 are passed, and the arm member 34 is fixed by tightening with nuts.

  The arm member 34 may be attached in any structure as long as the arm member 34 can be easily attached and detached and the hole wall of the pile hole can be firmly fixed to such an extent that the arm member 34 can be excavated, as shown in FIG. Any structure may be used.

  In FIG. 8, through holes 165 </ b> A and 165 </ b> B of the bolt 168 are formed upward in the bracket 164 provided at the upper end portion of the arm member 34.

  Through holes 167A and 167B of bolts 168 are also formed downward in the bracket 166 provided at the lower end portion of the bracket 74, and when the arm member 34 is attached to the lower end portion of the side wall plate 30, the through holes 167A, 167B coincides with the through holes 165A and 165B.

  Then, as shown in the right view of FIG. 8, the positions of the through holes 165A and 165B and the through holes 167A and 167B are aligned, the bolt 168 is passed, and the arm member 34 is fixed by tightening with the nut 169.

  The side wall plate 30 and the arm member 34 are expanded and contracted by a link mechanism 66 shown in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 9C, the lower end portion of the kelly bar 12 is pin-connected to the connection bracket 26 on the shaft member 60. The shaft member 60 is connected to an upper end portion of a rectangular tube-shaped fixed post 24 as a rotation shaft of the diameter-excavation bucket 22.

  On the outside of the fixed post 24, a rectangular tube-shaped lifting post 64 is provided. The length of the lift post 64 is shorter than the length of the fixed post 24, and the fixed post 24 is fitted inside the lift post 64 so that the lift post 64 slides along the length direction of the fixed post 24. .

  Brackets 68 are fixed to the left and right of the elevating post 64, and a bracket 72 is provided above the bracket 68 so as to protrude further outward. The central portion of the hydraulic cylinder 70 is rotatably connected to the bracket 72.

  Both ends of the link member 76 are rotatably connected to the outer central portion of the bracket 68 and the upper portion of the bracket 74 provided inside the side wall plate 30, and are provided so as to be parallel to the link member 76. Both ends of the link member 78 are rotatably connected to the lower part of the bracket 68 and the lower part of the bracket 74.

  Both ends of the link member 80 are rotatably connected to substantially the center portions of the link members 76 and 78, and both ends of the link member 82 are provided at the lower end portion of the link member 80 and the lower end portion of the fixed post 24. Each bracket 84 is rotatably connected to each other.

  The substantially triangular bracket 90 is fixed to the link member 78 so that the bracket 90 is interlocked with the link member 78, and the top connecting portion 92 of the bracket 90 is rotatable with the tip of the piston rod 86 of the hydraulic cylinder 70. It is connected to.

  Here, when the hydraulic cylinder 70 is operated and the piston rod 86 of the hydraulic cylinder 70 is contracted in the direction of the arrow P in the state where the bucket diameter of the large-diameter excavation bucket 22 is minimum as shown in FIG. The top connection portion 92 of the bracket 90 rotates in the direction of the arrow Q with the connection portion 78A of the link member 78 connected to the bracket 68 as the rotation center.

  Then, in conjunction with the movement of the bracket 90, the link members 76 and 78 turn in the direction of arrow R, and accordingly, the lifting post 64 moves in the direction of arrow S and the side wall plate 30 moves in the direction of arrow T. Then, the state shown in FIG.

  Further, when the piston rod 86 of the hydraulic cylinder 70 is contracted in the direction of the arrow P, the bucket diameter of the expanded excavation bucket 22 is finally maximized as shown in FIG.

  Thus, by operating in the order of FIGS. 9 (A), (B), (C), the diameter-excavation bucket 22 is expanded, and the reverse operation procedure (FIGS. 9 (C), (B) ), (A)), the diameter-excavation bucket 22 is reduced in diameter.

  By such a link mechanism 66, the hydraulic cylinder 70 can be accommodated in the link mechanism 66 in a compact manner, so that an intermediate diameter expansion with a large diameter expansion ratio (ratio of the cross-sectional area between the diameter expansion portion and the shaft portion of the hole pile). The part can be formed in the middle of the hole pile.

  The conventional diameter-expanded excavation bucket can excavate an expanded portion with an expansion rate of about 3.2 or less. However, in the diameter-expanded excavation bucket 22 of the present embodiment, a link mechanism 66 is used. Therefore, excavation of the expanded portion having a diameter expansion ratio of about 5.0 at the maximum can be performed.

  Further, since the hydraulic cylinder 70 is incorporated in the link mechanism 66, the height of the expansion / contraction bucket portion 38 can be kept low, so that the mechanical height of the diameter-excavation bucket 22 can be reduced. .

  Further, since the link member 78 serving as the support arm of the side wall plate 30 is directly operated by the hydraulic cylinder 70, there is no loss of transmission force, and mechanical efficiency can be improved.

  Although only two hydraulic cylinders 70 are shown in FIG. 9, the hydraulic cylinder 70 and the link mechanism 66 are provided on each of the four side wall plates 30. That is, the four hydraulic cylinders 70 are mounted on the expansion / contraction bucket portion 38.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the lower stabilizer part 40 as a stabilizer part is comprised by the suspension support | pillar 94 and the earth and sand collection bucket 96 as a saucer. The earth and sand collection bucket 96 is a cylindrical container having a bottom plate 100, and has a size such that the outer periphery contacts the hole wall of the pile hole 20. That is, the outer diameter of the earth and sand collection bucket 96 is smaller than the diameter of the pile hole 20 so that a slight gap is formed between the side wall surface of the earth and sand collection bucket 96 and the hole wall of the pile hole 20. Yes.

  As shown in FIG. 10, the lower stabilizer part 40 as a stabilizer part is provided in the lower end part of the fixed post 24 as a rotating shaft so that attachment or detachment is possible. The upper end portions of the four suspension posts 94 are joined to the lower surface of a connection member 98 as a connecting means that is detachably attached to the lower end portion of the fixed post 24, and spreads in all directions downward. The lower end portion of the suspension column 94 is joined to the upper portion of the side wall of the earth and sand collection bucket 96.

  As shown in FIG. 11, the upper portion of the connection member 98 of the lower stabilizer portion 40 is a cylindrical insertion portion 170. Further, a through hole 171 of a bolt 174 is formed in the fitting portion 170.

  An insertion hole 172 of the insertion portion 170 is provided at the lower portion of the fixed post 24 as a rotation shaft. Above the insertion hole 172, the hollow portion of the square cylindrical fixing post 24 is buried so that the top of the inserted insertion portion 170 hits and stops. Further, a through hole 173 is formed in the lower portion of the fixed post 24 so as to coincide with the through hole 171 when the fitting portion 170 is completely fitted into the fitting hole 172.

  Then, as shown in the right figure of FIG. 11, the positions of the through hole 171 and the through hole 173 are aligned, the bolt 174 is passed, and the nut 175 is tightened to connect the fitting portion 170 to the fixed post 24. At this time, the opening surface of the earth and sand collection bucket 96 is provided so as to be positioned at the lower end of the arm member 34 (see FIG. 9). As shown in FIG. 9, the earth and sand collection bucket 96 may be attached so that the opening surface of the earth and sand collection bucket 96 is always lower than the tip of the arm member 34.

  The attachment structure of the lower stabilizer portion 40 may be any structure as long as it can be easily attached to and detached from the lower end portion of the fixing post 24 and can firmly fix the lower stabilizer portion 40 to the lower end portion of the fixing post 24. You may connect the post | mailbox 24 and the insertion part 170. FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 10, a disk-like bottom plate 100 that serves as a lid for the earth and sand collection bucket 96 is connected to the inside of the lower part of the side wall of the earth and sand collection bucket 96 so as to be openable and closable in the direction of arrow V. ing. By this opening and closing, the excavated earth and sand loaded in the earth and sand collecting bucket 96 is discharged on the ground.

  A lock mechanism 104 for the bottom plate 100 is provided in the vicinity of the side wall facing the hinge 102 of the earth and sand recovery bucket 96. A round bar 110 is rotatably supported by an upper support 106 and a lower support 108 that are provided at the lower and upper side walls of the earth and sand collecting bucket 96 and projecting inward, and with respect to the horizontal plane of the bottom plate 100 in a covered state. Stands vertically.

  A handle 112 is provided at the upper end of the round bar 110, and a lock member 114 is provided at the lower end. The lower part of the lock member 114 has a shape having inclined surfaces 114A and 114B as shown in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 13 when the earth and sand collection bucket 96 is viewed from above, a spring 118 is provided between the substantially central portion of the handle 112 and the bracket 120 protruding from the upper support 106, and is opposite to the arrow W. The handle 112 is urged in the direction of. At this time, since the handle 112 hits the stopper member 122 fixed to the upper surface of the upper support 106, the handle 112 does not turn further to the bracket 120 side than this position. Further, a stopper member 126 is fixed to the upper surface of the upper support 106. The stopper member 126 contacts when the handle 112 rotates in the direction of arrow W and reaches the position 112A.

An opening 124 (width d ₂ ) slightly larger than the planar outer shape (width d ₁ ) of the lock member 114 is formed in the bottom plate 100. The opening 124 is formed at a position where the handle 112 is fitted in the lock member 114 when the handle 112 is rotated in the direction of the arrow W and hits the stopper member 126.

In FIG. 13A, the length d ₃ between the corner of the lock member 114 and the other corner of the lock member 114 facing the lock member 114 is larger than the width d _{2 of the} opening 124. Therefore, the lock member 114 is hooked on the edge of the opening 124 and locked. As a result, the bottom plate 100 is kept closed.

Turning the handle 112 against the spring 118 in the direction of arrow W, as shown in FIG. 13 (B), the locking member 114 is disposed in the opening 124 and the fitting position _(d 2> d ₁₎ The lock is released.

  Then, the bottom plate 100 is rotated and opened in the direction of the arrow Y with the hinge 102 as the center of rotation by the weight of the earth and sand.

  To close the opened bottom plate 100, the bottom plate 100 is pushed up by an external force, or the diameter-excavation bucket 22 is lowered to the ground, and the bottom plate 100 is closed by its own weight.

  14, when the bottom plate 100 is pushed up, the back side of the edge portion 128 of the opening 124 comes into contact with the inclined surfaces 114A and 114B of the lock member 114 (see FIG. 14A). )), By further pushing up the bottom plate 100, the lock member 114 rotates against the spring 118 about the center of the round bar 110 (see FIG. 14B), and finally the lock member 114 is When the position where the opening 124 is fitted (see FIG. 14C), the opening 124 passes through the lock member 114 and the bottom plate 100 is closed.

  The lock member 114 that has passed through the opening 124 is returned to the same position as in FIG. 14A by the urging force of the spring 118, and the bottom plate 100 is automatically locked (see FIG. 14D).

  FIG. 15 shows a diameter-excavation bucket 23 in which a lower stabilizer 101 as a stabilizer is attached to the lower end of the fixed post 24. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 16, the lower stabilizer part 101 is comprised by the supporting member 103 and the earth and sand collection | recovery bucket 105 as a bowl-shaped container.

  The earth and sand collection bucket 105 is a cylindrical container having a bottom plate 100 similar to the earth and sand collection bucket 96, and has a size such that the outer periphery contacts the hole wall of the pile hole 20. That is, the outer diameter of the earth and sand collection bucket 105 is smaller than the diameter of the pile hole 20 so that a slight gap is formed between the side wall surface of the earth and sand collection bucket 105 and the hole wall of the pile hole 20. Yes. The height of the side wall of the earth and sand collection bucket 105 is higher than the height of the earth and sand collection bucket 96, and more excavated earth and sand can be loaded than the earth and sand collection bucket 96.

  As shown in FIG. 16, the lower stabilizer portion 101 is detachably provided at the lower end portion of the fixed post 24 serving as a rotating shaft. One end of each of the four support members 103 is joined to a shaft member 107 projecting from a lower portion of a connection member 98 as a connecting means detachably attached to the lower end portion of the fixed post 24, and the side wall of the earth and sand recovery bucket 105 It is arranged radially toward. The other end of the support member 103 is joined to the inside of the side wall of the earth and sand collection bucket 105. At this time, the opening surface of the earth and sand collection bucket 105 is provided so as to be positioned at the lower end of the side wall plate 30 (see FIG. 16).

  Since the connecting member 98 and the method of attaching to the lower end portion of the fixed post 24 by the connecting member 98 are the same as those in FIG. The attachment structure of the lower stabilizer portion 101 may be any structure as long as it can be easily attached and detached and can firmly fix the lower stabilizer portion 101 to the lower portion of the fixing post 24. The fixing post 24 and the fitting portion 170 are connected by a pin. May be.

  The locking mechanism 104 for opening and closing the bottom plate 100 is the same as the locking mechanism 104 shown in FIG. However, the round bar 110 provided in the lock mechanism 104 of the lower stabilizer 101 passes through the earth and sand collection bucket 105 and the side wall plate 30 so that the handle 112 is positioned above the upper end of the side wall plate 30. It has become.

  Thus, the earth and sand collection bucket 96 and the earth and sand collection bucket 105 are attached so as to be replaceable by the connection member 98 as a connecting means.

  FIG. 17 shows an overall configuration of an excavator 130 that forms an enlarged bottom portion at the bottom of the pile hole 154 in which the intermediate diameter enlarged portion 56 is formed in the pile hole 20 of FIG. 1.

  Since the configuration other than the enlarged-diameter excavation bucket 132 arranged at the bottom of the pile hole is substantially the same as that shown in FIG.

  The lower end portion of the kelly bar 12 is pin-connected to the connection bracket 26 on the shaft member 60 connected to the upper end portion of the fixed post 24 of the diameter-excavation bucket 132.

  The pile hole 154 includes a shaft portion 54 that has not been subjected to diameter expansion excavation and an intermediate diameter expansion portion 56 that has been excavated by the bucket 22 for diameter expansion excavation. The intermediate enlarged diameter portion 56 includes an upper inclined surface 56A, a vertical surface 56B, and a lower inclined surface 56C, and is formed at two intermediate positions of the pile hole 154.

  As shown in FIG. 18, the enlarged diameter excavation bucket 132 includes an upper stabilizer portion 36, an expansion / contraction bucket portion 136, and a bottom lid portion 138, which are arranged in this order from the top.

  The expansion / contraction bucket portion 136 is obtained by removing the arm member 34 and the lower stabilizer portion 40 of the expansion / contraction bucket portion 38 of FIG. 2 and attaching a detachable bottom lid portion 138.

  Then, the side wall plate 30 is expanded and contracted in the same operation procedure as shown in FIG. 9 as shown in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 20A, the support member 140 is detachably fixed to the lower end portion of the fixed post 24. And the bottom cover 144 as a bottom cover member is connected with the hinge 142 provided in the edge part of the support member 140 rotatably. As shown in FIG. 21, a fitting portion 170 is provided on the upper surface of the support member 140, and a bottom lid portion 138 is detachably attached to a fixed post 24 as a rotating shaft by the same structure as the lower stabilizer 40. Yes. At this time, the bottom lid 144 is attached to the lower end portion of the fixed post 24 so that the upper surface of the bottom lid 144 is positioned at the lower end of the side wall plate 30 (see FIG. 20).

  The diameter of the bottom lid 144 is substantially equal to the diameter of the pile hole 154, and the outer periphery of the side wall plate 30 contacts the hole wall of the pile hole 154 in a state where the inner wall of the side wall plate 30 is in contact with the outer periphery of the bottom lid 144. It is a size.

  As shown in FIG. 20A, the plate-like bottom lid 144 has a conical shape pointed downward, and can be opened and closed in the direction of arrow K by a hinge 142. Thereby, the excavated earth and sand loaded in the expansion / contraction bucket part 136 is discharged on the ground.

  Since the lock mechanism 104 of the bottom lid 144 is the same as that provided in the earth and sand collection bucket 96, description thereof is omitted.

  Since the hinge 142 is provided at a position about 1/4 in the diameter direction of the bottom lid 144, the distance from the lower end of the expansion / contraction bucket portion 136 to the ground surface is reduced when the bottom lid 144 is opened. be able to. Therefore, since the machine height of the enlarged-diameter excavation bucket 132 at the time of discharging the earth and sand can be reduced, even if the bottom cover is enlarged to facilitate the discharge of the excavated earth and sand, the machine height of the enlarged-diameter bucket 132 is Does not grow.

  As shown in FIG. 20B, which is a plan view of the bottom lid 144 as viewed from below, the bottom lid 144 is formed with two substantially fan-shaped openings 146 at symmetrical positions with respect to the center of the bottom lid 144. ing. A long excavation bit 148 is attached to one end of the opening 146 in the rotational direction. Further, the bottom lid 144 is provided with an opening / closing plate 150 that covers the opening 146 from the upper surface side of the bottom lid 144. ing.

  As shown in FIG. 22 which is a CC cross-sectional view of FIG. 20B, the opening / closing plate 150 is indicated by an arrow G by a hinge 152 provided in the vicinity of the edge of the opening 146 so as to face the excavation bit 148. Open and close in the direction.

  The excavation bit 148 has a shape pointed downward. Therefore, when the fixed post 24 is rotated in the direction of the arrow M by the swivel device 14 through the kelly bar 12 and the bottom cover 144 is rotated together with the side wall plate 30, excavation is performed by the excavation soil and the excavation bit 148 accumulated at the bottom of the hole. The earth and sand flowed in the direction of the arrow J, whereby the excavated earth and sand are collected on the bottom lid 144.

  When the diameter-excavation bucket 132 is lifted to the ground by the crane 16 for discharging earth and sand, since the opening and closing plate 150 is closed by the dead weight of the earth and sand placed on the opening and closing plate 150, the earth and sand are removed from the opening 146. There is no spillage.

  Next, the operation and effect of the diameter-excavation bucket according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described.

  As shown in the construction procedure diagrams of FIGS. 23 to 27, in the present embodiment, first, the intermediate diameter enlarged portion is excavated, and finally, the bottom expanded portion is excavated.

  First, in FIG. 23A, the ground pile 28 is formed by excavating the ground 28 in advance with a drilling bucket for Keriba. And the bucket 23 for diameter expansion excavation is arrange | positioned in the position which forms the intermediate | middle enlarged diameter part in the hole pile 20 filled with the stabilizing liquid L, such as bentonite which prevents collapse of a hole wall. At this time, the lower-diameter excavation bucket 23 is provided with the lower stabilizer portion 101, and the arm member 34 is not attached thereto.

  Here, the upper stabilizer portion 36 provided on the upper portion of the diameter-excavation bucket 23 slides the slide member 44 to such an extent that a slight gap is left between the hole wall of the pile hole 20 and the guide member 42. 42 is adjusted, and is fixed by two bolts 48 at a position where the through hole 50 and the through hole 52 coincide with each other. Moreover, the slide amount of all the slide members 44 is equal.

  Thereby, the guide member 42 contacts the hole wall of the pile hole 20 and guides the center of the fixed post 24 connected to the shaft member 60 to the center position of the pile hole 20. Therefore, since the center of the fixed post 24 serving as the rotation axis is always at the center position of the pile hole 20 by the upper stabilizer portion 36, the roundness when the intermediate enlarged portion is excavated from the bottom to the top can be increased. .

  A lower stabilizer portion 101 is also provided below the arm member 34. The side wall surface of the earth and sand recovery bucket 105 of the lower stabilizer portion 101 contacts the hole wall of the pile hole 20 to guide the center of the fixed post 24 to the center position of the pile hole 20. Therefore, since the center of the fixed post 24 is always at the center position of the pile hole 20 by the lower stabilizer portion 101, the roundness when the intermediate diameter enlarged portion is excavated from the top to the bottom can be increased.

  Next, in FIG. 23B, the side wall plate 30 is expanded outward while rotating the fixed post 24 in the direction of the arrow M through the kelly bar 12 by the swiveling device 14 according to the same operation procedure as in FIG. .

  At this time, the excavation bit 32 of the side wall plate 30 excavates the hole wall of the pile hole 20, and the inclined surface 56 </ b> A and the vertical surface 56 </ b> B are formed as the upper inclined surface of the intermediate diameter enlarged portion 56. The earth and sand excavated by the excavation bit 32 provided on the side wall plate 30 flows into the earth and sand collection bucket 105 (see arrow U in FIG. 9C). At this time, the smaller the gap between the side wall surface of the earth and sand collecting bucket 105 and the hole wall of the pile hole 20, the smaller the amount of earth and sand that spills from this gap, so the outer diameter of the earth and sand collecting bucket 105 is the pile hole 20. It is preferable that the length is as close as possible to the diameter.

  When the earth and sand collection bucket 105 is filled with the excavated earth and sand that has flowed in, as shown in FIG. 23C, the diameter-excavation bucket 23 is pulled up to the ground by the crane 16, and the bottom plate 100 of the lower stabilizer 101 is opened. , Discharging excavated soil.

  Then, when the operations of FIGS. 23B and 23C are repeated as appropriate to form the inclined surface 56A and the vertical surface 56B of the intermediate expanded portion 56, the expanded diameter is obtained as shown in FIG. The lower stabilizer portion 101 of the excavation bucket 23 is removed, the lower stabilizer portion 40 is attached to the lower end portion of the fixed post 24, and the arm member 34 is attached to the lower end portion of the side wall plate 30.

  Then, as shown in FIG. 24 (E), the enlarged diameter excavation bucket 22 is disposed at a position where the inclined surface 56C of the intermediate enlarged diameter portion in the hole pile 20 is formed, and is fixed via the kelly bar 12 by the turning device 14. While rotating the post 24 in the direction of the arrow M, the side wall plate 30 is expanded outward.

  At this time, the excavation bit 58 of the arm member 34 excavates the hole wall of the pile hole 20, and the lower inclined surface 56C of the intermediate enlarged diameter portion 56 is formed. The earth and sand excavated by the excavation bit 58 of the arm member 34 flows into the earth and sand collection bucket 96 (see arrow U in FIG. 9C). At this time, the smaller the gap between the side wall surface of the earth and sand collecting bucket 96 and the hole wall of the pile hole 20, the smaller the amount of earth and sand that spills from the gap, so the outer diameter of the earth and sand collecting bucket 96 is the pile hole 20. It is preferable that the length is as close as possible to the diameter.

  When the earth and sand collection bucket 96 is filled with the excavated earth and sand that has flowed in, as shown in FIG. 24 (F), the enlarged diameter excavation bucket 22 is pulled up to the ground by the crane 16 and the bottom plate 100 of the lower stabilizer portion 101 is opened. , Discharging excavated soil.

  24E and 24F are appropriately repeated to form the inclined surface 56C of the intermediate enlarged diameter portion 56.

  Thus, the intermediate diameter enlarged portion 56 is performed by step excavation. The step excavation is a method of excavating the intermediate enlarged diameter portion 56 in a plurality of times in the vertical direction. As the excavation method of the intermediate expanded portion 56 by this stage excavation, there are a method of excavating from the top to the bottom as shown in FIGS. 28 and 29 and a method of excavating from the bottom to the top as shown in FIGS. is there. Which method is used may be appropriately determined in consideration of the shape of the intermediate enlarged portion, the soil quality, the number of times of expansion / contraction.

  As shown in FIG. 28A, first, the diameter-extended excavation bucket 23 is lowered to a predetermined position by the crane 16 with the diameter of the diameter-extended excavation bucket 23 provided with the lower stabilizer portion 101 being minimized. Arrange.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 28 (B), while rotating the fixed post 24 and the side wall plate 30, the side wall plate 30 is expanded to the position of the inclined surface 56A at the upper portion of the intermediate enlarged diameter portion. After the excavation is completed, the diameter-extended bucket 22 is returned to the state shown in FIG. 28A where the diameter of the enlarged-excavation bucket 22 is minimized, and the enlarged-diameter bucket 23 is lowered to the next excavation position.

  Then, at this position, excavation similar to that in FIG. 28B is performed (see FIG. 28C), and this procedure (FIGS. 28B and 28C) is repeated, and FIG. The intermediate diameter expanded portion is gradually moved downward until the diameter increasing excavation bucket 23 is moved to the state (D) (the lower end of the side wall plate 30 reaches the upper end portion of the inclined surface 56C of the intermediate diameter expanded portion 56). 56 inclined surfaces 56A and vertical surfaces 56B are formed.

  In this way, in the intermediate diameter expanding upper middle forming step (FIGS. 28A to 28D), the lower end portion of the fixed post 24 so that the opening surface is positioned at the lower end of the side wall plate 30 from which the arm member 34 has been removed. With the earth and sand recovery bucket 105 attached thereto, the side wall plate 30 is expanded and contracted to form the inclined surface 56 </ b> A and the vertical surface 56 </ b> B of the intermediate enlarged diameter portion 56.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 29 (E), the lower stabilizer portion 101 is removed, and the arm member 34 and the lower stabilizer portion 40 are provided with the diameter of the enlarged diameter excavation bucket 22 minimized. The diameter-extended excavation bucket 22 is lowered by the crane 16 so that the upper end portion of 34 is positioned at the height of the upper end portion of the inclined surface 56 </ b> C of the intermediate enlarged-diameter portion 56.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 29 (F), while rotating the fixed post 24, the side wall plate 30, and the arm member 34, the side wall plate 30 is expanded to the position of the inclined surface 56C at the lower portion of the intermediate enlarged diameter portion. Go. After this excavation is completed, the diameter of the expanded excavation bucket 22 is returned to the state shown in FIG. 29E where the diameter is minimized, and the expanded excavation bucket 22 is lowered to the next excavation position.

  At this position, excavation similar to that shown in FIG. 29F is performed, and this procedure is repeated until the state shown in FIG. 29G is reached (the formation of the inclined surface 56C of the intermediate expanded portion 56 is completed). ), The diameter-excavation bucket 22 is gradually moved downward. That is, the arm member 34 forms an inclined surface 56 </ b> C toward the lower center of the pile hole 20 at the lower portion of the intermediate enlarged diameter portion 56.

  Thus, in the intermediate diameter enlarged lower portion forming step (FIGS. 29E to 29G), the arm member 34 is attached to the lower end portion of the side wall plate 30 and the opening surface is positioned at the lower end of the arm member 34. With the earth and sand collection bucket 96 attached to the lower end of the fixed post 24, the side wall plate 30 is expanded and contracted to form the inclined surface 56C of the intermediate expanded portion 56 by the arm member 34.

  Therefore, the inclined surface 56A at the upper portion of the intermediate enlarged portion is excavated by the excavation bit 32 of the upper portion of the sidewall plate 30A, and the vertical surface 56B of the largest diameter portion of the intermediate enlarged portion 56 is provided on the vertical wall surface of the lower portion of the sidewall plate 30B. The inclined surface 56 </ b> C below the intermediate enlarged diameter portion 56 is excavated by the excavation bit 58 provided on the arm member 34.

  In FIGS. 30 and 31, the intermediate diameter enlarged portion 56 is excavated from the bottom to the top in substantially the reverse procedure of FIGS.

  In the present embodiment, the side wall plate 30 and the arm member 34 are expanded at a time to the position where the excavation is planned. However, the enlarged diameter excavation bucket 22 is reciprocated up and down a plurality of times over the vertical range of the intermediate expanded portion 56. Therefore, it is also possible to use a horizontal division excavation that gradually increases the diameter.

  Moreover, what is necessary is just to form the intermediate | middle enlarged diameter part 56 by the required number in the required location of the pile hole 20. FIG.

  When the excavation of all the intermediate enlarged diameter portions 56 is completed, the arm member 34 and the lower stabilizer portion 40 of the enlarged diameter excavation bucket 22 are removed, and the lower stabilizer portion 101 is attached, as shown in FIG. The diameter-extended excavation bucket 23 is used, and the crane 16 is lowered to the bottom of the pile hole with the diameter of the diameter-extended excavation bucket 23 minimized.

  Next, as shown in FIGS. 25 (H) and (I), bottom-up excavation of the upper part of the bottom-up portion 158 is performed by the same operation procedure as in FIG. 19 while rotating the fixed post 24 and the side wall plate 30. The earth and sand excavated by the excavation bit 32 provided on the side wall plate 30 flows into the earth and sand collection bucket 105 (see arrow U in FIG. 9C).

  Next, when the collected earth and sand reaches the maximum load capacity of the earth and sand collecting bucket 105, the side wall plate 30 is moved inward to minimize the diameter of the enlarged diameter excavation bucket 23, and FIG. ), The crane 16 pulls up the diameter-excavation bucket 23 to the ground, opens the bottom cover 100, and discharges the excavated soil.

  After the earth and sand are discharged to the ground, the enlarged diameter excavation bucket 23 is lowered again to the bottom of the pile hole 154, and the expanded bottom excavation is performed. 25 (H), (I), and FIG. 26 (J) are repeated to form the upper portion of the bottom expanded portion 158, and the bottom surface of the bottom plate 100 of the lower stabilizer portion 101 attached to the diameter expanding excavation bucket 23 is When the vicinity of the bottom surface of the pile hole 154 is reached, the lower stabilizer portion 101 of the diameter-excavation bucket 23 is removed on the ground, and the bottom lid portion 138 is attached (see FIG. 26 (K)).

  Thus, in the bottom-up top forming step (FIGS. 25 (H), (I), and FIG. 26 (J)), the bottom post of the fixed post 24 is for collecting earth and sand so that the opening surface is located at the lower end of the side wall plate 30. With the bucket 105 attached, the side wall plate 30 is expanded and contracted, and the upper portion of the expanded bottom portion 158 is formed by the side wall plate 30.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 26 (L), the crane 16 is lowered to the bottom of the pile hole in a state where the diameter of the expanded excavation bucket 132 is minimized.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 27 (M), bottom expansion excavation of the bottom of the bottom expansion portion 158 is performed by the same operation procedure as in FIG. 19 while rotating the fixed post 24, the side wall plate 30, and the bottom lid 144. The earth and sand excavated by the excavation bit 32 provided on the side wall plate 30 flows into the earth and sand collection bucket 105 (see the arrow U in FIG. 9C) and is accumulated at the bottom of the pile hole 154. The excavated earth and sand and the earth and sand excavated by the excavating bit 148 provided on the bottom lid 144 flow in the direction of arrow J in FIGS. 20 and 22 and accumulate on the bottom lid 144.

  Next, when the collected earth and sand reaches the maximum load capacity of the expanded excavation bucket 132, the side wall plate 30 is moved inward to minimize the diameter of the expanded excavation bucket 132, and FIG. As shown in N), the crane 16 pulls up the expanded excavation bucket 132 to the ground, opens the bottom lid 144, and discharges excavated earth and sand. 27 (M) and (N) are repeated to form the lower portion of the bottom expanded portion 158, and a pile hole 156 having a multi-stage expanded diameter as shown in FIG. 27 (O) is constructed.

  In this way, in the bottom expanded bottom forming step (FIGS. 26L, 27M, and N), the bottom lid 144 is attached to the lower end of the fixed post 24 so that the upper surface is located at the lower end of the side wall plate 30. In the attached state, the side wall plate 30 is expanded / contracted, and the lower portion of the expanded bottom portion 158 is formed by the side wall plate 30.

  25 (H), (I), FIGS. 26 (J) to (L), and FIGS. 27 (M) to (O), the bottom expanded portion 158 is formed by step excavation in the same manner as the intermediate diameter expanded portion 56. Do. The excavation method of the expanded bottom portion 158 by this stage excavation includes a method of excavating from the top to the bottom (from (A) to (D)) as shown in FIG. 32 and a method from the bottom to the top as shown in FIG. There is a method of excavation (from (A) to (D)). Which method is used may be appropriately determined in consideration of the shape of the intermediate enlarged portion, the soil quality, the number of times of expansion / contraction.

  The hydraulic cylinder 70 of the enlarged diameter excavation bucket 132 can output a larger power during the extending operation. Further, a larger power is required for the diameter reducing operation for collecting excavated earth and sand in the center than for the diameter expanding operation of the side wall plate 30 when excavating the hole wall of the pile hole. Therefore, since the link mechanism 66 is a mechanism in which the side wall plate 30 is reduced in diameter when the piston rod 86 of the hydraulic cylinder 70 is extended, the hydraulic cylinder 70 can be effectively operated.

  As described above, in this embodiment, the following effects (1) and (2) can be obtained.

  (1) Since the lower stabilizer portions 40 and 101 and the arm member 34 can be attached to and detached from the bucket for enlarged diameter excavation, the lower stabilizer portions 40 and 101 and the arm member 34 are removed, and the bottom extension excavation is performed at the lower end portion of the fixed post 24. It becomes possible to attach the detachable bottom cover 138 for use. As a result, both the intermediate diameter expansion and the bottom expansion can be excavated with a single diameter expansion excavation bucket, so that the cost of the construction machine can be reduced.

  (2) Since the center of the rotating fixed post 24 can be guided to the center position of the pile hole by the upper stabilizer portion 36 and the lower stabilizer portions 40 and 101, the roundness of the intermediate diameter enlarged portion 56 and the bottom enlarged portion 158 Can be increased.

  Moreover, in the formation of the intermediate enlarged portion 56, the following effects (3) to (8) can be obtained.

  (3) Since the arm member 34 is detachably provided at the lower end portion of the side wall plate 30, by mounting the arm member 34 that matches the inclined surface of the lower portion of the intermediate enlarged portion 56 to be excavated, the intermediate enlarged diameter is provided. It is possible to cope with excavation of various inclined surfaces 56C in the lower part.

  (4) Since the intermediate enlarged portion 56 having the inclined surface 56C can be formed, collapse of the bottom of the bottom of the intermediate enlarged portion 56 after excavation is prevented, and slime or the like in the hole wall stabilizing liquid is intermediate enlarged. It is possible not to deposit on the lower portion of the diameter portion 56.

  (5) In a state where the earth and sand collection bucket 96 is attached by the connecting member 98, the earth and sand collection bucket 96 collects the excavated material of the hole wall excavated by the side wall plate 30 and the arm member 34, and the earth and sand collection bucket In a state in which 105 is attached by the connecting member 98, the earth and sand collecting bucket 105 collects the excavated material of the hole wall excavated by the side wall plate 30, so that the excavated material that falls and accumulates at the bottom of the pile hole is eliminated, or Can be reduced. Thereby, the operation | work which raises / lowers the bucket for discharging the excavated material accumulated in the bottom part of a pile hole to the ground can be eliminated, or the frequency | count of raising / lowering a bucket can be reduced.

  (6) When forming the inclined surface 56C of the lower part of the intermediate diameter enlarged portion 56, the earth and sand recovery bucket 96 is attached by the connecting member 98 so that the arm member 34 can be attached, and at other times of excavation, the arm member 34 is attached. The earth and sand collection bucket 105 that can collect more excavated material in one excavation step than the earth and sand collection bucket 96 is attached by the connecting member 98 without attaching the earth and sand. Thus, the arm member 34 can form the inclined surface 56C at the lower part of the intermediate enlarged diameter portion 56, and can reduce the number of times the enlarged diameter excavation bucket is raised and lowered for discharging the excavated material to the ground. Efficiency is improved.

(7) The earth and sand recovery bucket 105 is attached to the lower end portion of the fixed post 24 so that the opening surface is located at the lower end of the side wall plate 30 without providing the arm member 34 between the lower end of the side wall plate 30. The mechanical height (see FIG. 34 (B)) of the enlarged diameter excavation bucket 23 when the earth and sand collection bucket 105 having a sidewall height higher than that of the earth and sand collection bucket 96 is attached to the arm member 34 and machine height diameter excavating bucket 22 when mounted sediment collecting bucket 96 it is possible to suppress in H ₂ of about (FIG. 34 (C) see). Thus, the crane for suspending the large-diameter excavation bucket 22 provided with the arm member 34 and the sediment-collecting bucket 96 can lift the large-diameter excavation bucket 23 attached with the sediment-collecting bucket 105 on the ground. The provision of sediment collecting bucket 105 in a state in which a arm member 34 to the lower end of the拡翼portion, or expanded diameter machine height H ₁ of the excavating bucket excessively high (FIG. 34 (A) see ), Or the arm member 34 interferes with the earth and sand collection bucket 105 (see FIG. 34C).

  (8) When excavating the hole wall while moving the enlarged diameter excavation bucket from above the pile hole, the earth and sand collection buckets 96 and 105 guide the center of the fixed post 24 to the center position of the vertical hole. Therefore, the roundness of the intermediate enlarged portion can be increased. Moreover, since the height of the side wall of the earth and sand collection bucket 105 is higher than the height of the side wall of the earth and sand collection bucket 96, the peripheral area in contact with the hole wall is increased. Thereby, rotation of the bucket for diameter expansion excavation can be stabilized more.

  Moreover, in the formation of the expanded bottom portion 158, the following effect (9) can be obtained.

  (9) When forming the upper portion of the expanded bottom portion 158, the earth and sand collection bucket 105 that can collect more excavated material in one excavation step than the bucket formed by the side wall plate 30 and the bottom lid 144 is provided. When the lower portion of the expanded bottom portion 158 is attached, the bottom lid 144 is attached, so that the lower portion of the expanded bottom portion 158 can be formed and the number of times of lifting of the enlarged diameter excavation bucket for discharging excavated material to the ground can be reduced. This improves construction efficiency.

  As described above, by using the enlarged diameter excavation buckets 22, 23, and 132 according to the present embodiment, an intermediate diameter expanded portion or a bottom expanded portion can be formed in the pile hole. In addition, the intermediate expanded portion and the expanded bottom portion act like a screw thread in the ground, and a large vertical support force and pulling resistance force can be obtained from the surrounding ground. And even if the pile diameter is reduced, sufficient vertical support force and pull-out resistance force can be obtained, so it is possible to reduce excavated soil that is a construction by-product and hole wall stabilizer used during pile construction, and to reduce environmental impact Can do.

  Furthermore, since the concrete and reinforcing bar which are materials of a pile can be reduced, cost reduction and construction period shortening can be aimed at. High-strength concrete can increase the strength of the pile itself, and is therefore suitable as a material for a pile having an intermediate expanded portion and a bottom expanded portion with a high expansion ratio.

  In the present embodiment, the example in which the bottom-expanded portion 158 is excavated after the intermediate-diameter expanded portion 56 is excavated has been shown. The portion 56 may be excavated. When excavating the bottom expanded portion after excavating the intermediate diameter expanded portion, the excavated earth and sand collected at the bottom of the pile hole can be collected together last.

  Moreover, although the example which excavates the intermediate | middle enlarged diameter part 56 and the bottom expanded part 158 after excavating the ground 28 with the drilling bucket for kelly bar in advance and forming all of the hole piles 20 was shown, a hole pile is dug in steps. You may make it excavate an intermediate diameter enlarged part, advancing. Excavation of the intermediate expanded portion and the expanded bottom portion after forming all the hole piles can reduce the number of times the excavation bucket passes through the intermediate expanded portion where the excavation has been completed. It is possible to prevent collapse of the lip of the diameter portion.

  Further, the pile hole 20 may be excavated by the diameter-excavation bucket 132.

  Moreover, although the example which provided the four side wall board 30 was shown, the side wall board 30 should just be comprised by two or more so that it can be divided | segmented. When there are two side wall plates 30, the expansion / contraction force is biased in two directions, making it difficult to ensure sufficient roundness, and increasing the number of side wall plates 30 complicates the structure and requires many hydraulic cylinders. Therefore, the number of side wall plates 30 is preferably four.

  Further, the excavation bits 32, 58, and 148 only need to be capable of excavating the ground, and the size, arrangement, and the like may be appropriately determined as necessary.

  Further, the hinge 102 for opening and closing the bottom plate 100 is provided inside the lower portion of the side wall of the earth and sand collecting bucket 96. However, if structurally possible, the hinge is further inserted inside like the bottom lid 144. You may provide in a position. Thereby, when the bottom plate 100 is opened, the distance from the lower end of the earth and sand collection buckets 96 and 105 to the ground surface can be reduced. Therefore, when the large bottom plate 100 is used in order to easily discharge the excavated earth and sand. However, the machine height of the diameter-excavation buckets 22 and 23 at the time of discharging the earth and sand does not increase.

  Moreover, the expansion / contraction bucket part 38 should just be a thing in which a lower stabilizer part, an arm part, and a bottom cover part are attached so that attachment or detachment is possible, and an wing expansion part expands / contracts, and does not need to use the link mechanism 66. .

  Also, the bucket 22 for expanded diameter excavation can be adapted to excavate various inclined surfaces at the lower portion of the intermediate enlarged portion by mounting the arm member 34 that matches the inclined surface at the lower portion of the intermediate enlarged portion to be excavated. Although it is possible, it is preferable in terms of construction and structure that the inclination angle of the inclined surface at the lower portion of the intermediate enlarged portion is about 45 degrees.

  Moreover, although the example which formed the intermediate | middle enlarged diameter part 56 in the middle two places of the pile hole 20 was shown, what is necessary is just to determine suitably arrangement | positioning and number of intermediate enlarged parts according to the vertical support performance etc. which are calculated | required by a pile. .

  The hydraulic cylinder 70 may be any device that expands and contracts a member corresponding to the piston rod 86.

  Further, the suspension column 94 and the support member 103 are attached so as to ensure the strength to guide the earth and sand collection buckets 96 and 105 to the lower end portion of the fixed post 24 and the fixed post 24 to the center position of the pile hole. Anything that can enter.

  Further, the upper stabilizer portion 36 may have any shape as long as it can guide the rotation shafts of the enlarged diameter excavation buckets 22, 23, and 132 to the center position of the pile hole. The upper stabilizer 36 may not be provided as long as excavation with a sufficient degree is possible.

  Further, when the lower stabilizer portions 40 and 101 do not need to have a guide function, the diameter of the lower stabilizer portions 40 and 101 may be reduced, and other shapes such as a square and a polygon may be used in a plan view. You may make it a shape.

  The connecting member 98 as the connecting means can be replaced with another connecting member or connecting method as long as the earth and sand collecting bucket 96 and the earth and sand collecting bucket 105 can be attached to the lower end of the rotating shaft in a replaceable manner. It may be used.

  As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to such embodiment at all, Of course, in the range which does not deviate from the summary of this invention, it can implement in a various aspect.

It is the schematic which shows the excavator which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the bucket for diameter expansion excavation which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a top view which shows the upper stabilizer part which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is AA sectional drawing of FIG. It is a front view which shows the bucket for diameter expansion excavation which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is the front view and sectional drawing which show the arm member which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the attachment / detachment method of the arm member which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the attachment / detachment method of the arm member which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the expansion / contraction operation | movement of the bucket for diameter expansion excavation which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a front view which shows the lower stabilizer part which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the attachment or detachment method of the lower stabilizer part which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the locking member of the lower stabilizer part which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the locking mechanism of the lower stabilizer part which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the locking mechanism of the lower stabilizer part which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the bucket for diameter expansion excavation which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a front view which shows the lower stabilizer part which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is the schematic which shows the excavator which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the bucket for diameter expansion excavation which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the expansion / contraction operation | movement of the bucket for diameter expansion excavation which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is the front view and top view which show the bottom cover part which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the attachment or detachment method of the bottom cover part which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the earth and sand collection | recovery method of the bucket for diameter expansion excavation which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the construction procedure of the bucket for diameter expansion excavation which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the construction procedure of the bucket for diameter expansion excavation which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the construction procedure of the bucket for diameter expansion excavation which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the construction procedure of the bucket for diameter expansion excavation which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the construction procedure of the bucket for diameter expansion excavation which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the excavation method of the intermediate diameter expansion part which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the excavation method of the intermediate diameter expansion part which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the excavation method of the intermediate diameter expansion part which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the excavation method of the intermediate diameter expansion part which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the excavation method of the bottom expanded part which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the excavation method of the bottom expanded part which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the machine height of the bucket for diameter expansion excavation which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is the schematic which shows the conventional bottom expanded pile. It is the schematic which shows the conventional intermediate diameter enlarged pile. It is the schematic which shows the conventional division | segmentation bucket type | mold rotary excavation apparatus.

Explanation of symbols

16 Crane (Excavator body)
20, 154 Pile hole (vertical hole)
22, 23, 132 Diameter-excavation bucket 24 Fixed post (rotating shaft)
30 Side wall plate (wing expansion part)
34 Arm member (arm part)
56 Intermediate expanded part (expanded part)
56C Inclined surface 96 Sediment collection bucket (dish)
98 Connection member (connection means)
105 Sediment collection bucket (container)
144 Bottom lid (bottom lid member)
158 Expanded bottom

Claims (3)

An wing part provided on a rotating shaft suspended and rotated by an excavator body, excavating a hole wall of a vertical hole by expanding and contracting, and forming an enlarged diameter part in the vertical hole;
An arm portion that is detachably attached to a lower end portion of the expanded wing portion, and that forms an inclined surface toward a lower center of the vertical hole at a lower portion of the expanded diameter portion;
A connection that replaces a receiving tray provided so that an opening surface is positioned at the lower end of the arm portion and a bowl-shaped container provided such that an opening surface is positioned at the lower end of the wing expanding portion on the lower end portion of the rotating shaft. Means,
With
The diameter-enlarged excavation bucket, wherein the saucer and the bowl-shaped container are sized so that the outer periphery contacts the hole wall of the vertical hole, and the side wall of the bowl-shaped container is higher than the side wall of the saucer. In the excavation method of the intermediate diameter expansion part that excavates the hole wall of the vertical hole to form an intermediate diameter expansion part in the intermediate part of the vertical hole,
An arm portion is attached to the lower end portion of the wing expansion portion provided on the rotating shaft that is suspended and rotated by the excavator body, and a saucer is attached to the lower end portion of the rotating shaft so that the opening surface is located at the lower end of the arm portion. In the attached state, the intermediate expanded lower portion forming step of expanding and contracting the expanded blade portion and forming the lower inclined surface of the intermediate expanded portion by the arm portion;
In the state where the bowl-like container is attached to the lower end of the rotating shaft so that the opening surface is located at the lower end of the wing expansion part from which the arm part is removed, the wing expansion part is expanded and contracted by the wing expansion part. An intermediate enlarged upper middle forming step for forming the upper inclined surface and the vertical surface of the intermediate enlarged portion,
Have
An excavation method for an intermediate diameter-expanded portion characterized in that the saucer and the bowl-shaped container are sized such that the outer periphery contacts the hole wall of the vertical hole, and the side wall of the bowl-shaped container is higher than the side wall of the saucer. . In the excavation method of the bottom expanded portion that excavates the hole wall of the vertical hole to form the expanded bottom portion at the bottom of the vertical hole
The wing expansion part is expanded and contracted with a bowl-like container attached to the lower end of the rotary shaft so that the opening surface is positioned at the lower end of the wing expansion part provided on the rotary shaft that is suspended and rotated by the excavator body. And an expanded bottom upper portion forming step of forming the upper portion of the expanded bottom portion by the expanded blade portion,
With the plate-like bottom cover member attached to the lower end of the rotating shaft so that the upper surface is located at the lower end of the wing expansion part, the wing expansion part is expanded and contracted, and the wing expansion part lowers the bottom expansion part. An expanded bottom forming step for forming
Have
The method of excavating a bottom portion, wherein the receiving tray and the bottom lid member are sized so that an outer periphery thereof is in contact with a hole wall of the vertical hole.

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