JP4757683B2 - Power supply - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a power supply such as an inverter or a DC-DC converter including a plurality of transformers, and more particularly, to placement of power electronic components constituting a power supply circuit on a printed wiring board.

  In recent years, there has been an increasing demand for power sources such as small and thin DC-DC converters. In such a power source, the primary winding and the secondary winding are spirally formed on the printed board. In many cases, a printed coil transformer is used which is a combination of a printed coil made of a conductive pattern and a low-height core sandwiching the printed coil from both sides (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2). Conventional power supplies using such printed coil transformers are limited to those having a relatively small output capacity. However, even in a power supply such as a DC-DC converter having a relatively large output current capacity, there is an increasing demand for not only downsizing but also a significant reduction in thickness. In the case of such a power supply, a printed wiring board in which multilayer printed single boards are laminated as a printed wiring board on which electronic components such as MOSFETs, semiconductor rectifying elements, capacitors, resistors, and flywheel semiconductor elements are mounted. In addition, the windings of the respective transformers and smoothing inductors are formed as conductive patterns on a partial surface area of the printed wiring board, and the conductive pattern and the thin core are combined.

In the case of a conventional power supply having an even number of transformers such as two or four due to the output current capacity, the primary and secondary windings correspond to the number of transformers on the multilayer printed wiring board. Since each conductive pattern is formed, the area occupied by the transformer winding in the multilayer printed wiring board becomes relatively large, and the wiring pattern for connecting each electronic component, particularly for the secondary side semiconductor rectifier and flywheel A wiring pattern connecting between the semiconductor element, the smoothing capacitor, the smoothing inductor, and the like becomes long. Therefore, the area occupied by the wiring pattern is increased, and the parasitic inductance is inevitably increased. In a power source configured by mounting electronic components on such a multilayer printed wiring board, the influence of parasitic inductance is great because the frequency is particularly high.
Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 06-79127 JP 05-159951 A

  In such a conventional power supply, various devices have been devised for reducing the parasitic inductance, but in terms of the arrangement of the electronic components, the primary side electrons such as switching semiconductor elements are sandwiched between the plurality of transformers. The transformer is disposed in such a manner that the transformer is positioned between the component and the secondary electronic component such as a semiconductor rectifier, that is, the primary electronic component and the secondary electronic component are disposed on both sides of the transformer. Therefore, the parasitic inductance could not be reduced sufficiently. Therefore, whenever a primary switching semiconductor element such as a MOSFET performs a switching operation at a high frequency, a spike voltage Vs is generated due to the influence of parasitic inductance. The spike voltage Vs is Vs = L × di / dt, where L is a parasitic inductance, di is a change in current, and dt is a transition time. As is apparent from this equation, if the frequency is the same, the spike voltage Vs increases as the parasitic inductance increases, and not only does the emission noise increase, but also the voltage applied to the switching semiconductor element increases. The switching power loss Ps increases. When the switching current for turning on and off the switching semiconductor element is I, the switching frequency is f, and the constant is α, the power loss Ps is Ps = α × (Vs × I × dt × f), and the spike voltage Vs increases. Of course, the power loss Ps increases, but if the current I is large, the power loss Ps further increases. Therefore, in a power supply using a transformer having a smaller number of turns of the secondary winding than the number of turns of the primary winding, that is, a power supply having a larger secondary current than the primary current, Reducing the parasitic inductance of the secondary circuit, particularly shortening the loop through which the secondary current flows intermittently, leads to the reduction of the parasitic inductance of the loop and effectively reduces the power loss Ps. The loop can be considered as a circuit between the secondary winding of the transformer and the smoothing inductor.

  Therefore, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention arranges a semiconductor rectifier element and a flywheel semiconductor element on the secondary side between two sets of transformers (2n) using the above-described printed coils. Accordingly, the main purpose is to shorten the wiring pattern in the secondary side circuit, in particular, the loop in which the secondary side current flows intermittently, and to reduce the parasitic inductance. This reduces the switching loss and radiation noise of the switching semiconductor element.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, the first primary winding includes a printed wiring board, a first primary winding formed of the first conductive pattern formed on the printed wiring board, and a second conductive pattern. A first transformer having a first secondary winding with a smaller number of turns than the first transformer, the first primary winding, and a first core combined with the first secondary winding, and the printed wiring A second primary winding comprising a third conductive pattern formed on the substrate and a second secondary winding comprising a fourth conductive pattern and having a smaller number of turns than the second primary winding; these second primary winding, a second transformer having a second core combined to a second secondary winding, a first switching semiconductor that will be connected to the first primary winding an element, a second switching semiconductor elements that will be connected to the second primary winding, the first secondary winding A first semiconductor rectifier element that will be connected, a smoothing circuit having a second and a second semiconductor rectifier element that will be connected to the secondary windings, an inductor and a smoothing capacitor for smooth flat, said first A parallel circuit is connected in parallel to the series circuit of the secondary winding and the first semiconductor rectifier element, the series circuit of the second secondary winding and the second semiconductor rectifier element, and the smoothing circuit. is, the flywheel semiconductor device to circulate the energy stored in the smoothing inductor a power made by mounting on the printed circuit board, given from the first transformer and said second transformer The first semiconductor rectifier element and the second semiconductor rectifier element are arranged between the first transformer and the second transformer, and are arranged so as to face each other at a distance. The semiconductor element is the first Is mounted between the transformer and the second transformer, and is mounted on a surface opposite to the surface of the printed circuit board on which the first semiconductor rectifying element and the second semiconductor rectifying element are mounted. A power supply is provided.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect, the first conductive pad on which the first semiconductor rectifying element is mounted is the printed wiring board between the first transformer and the second transformer. And a second conductive pad connected to the second conductive pattern forming the first secondary winding and mounting the second semiconductor rectifying element is formed on one surface of Formed on one surface of the printed wiring board between the first transformer and the second transformer and connected to the fourth conductive pattern forming the second secondary winding; The third conductive pad on which the flywheel semiconductor element is mounted is formed on the other surface of the printed wiring board between the first transformer and the second transformer, and the first 2 Next winding and No. It is connected to the secondary winding to the second conductive pattern and the fourth conductive pattern to be formed respectively supply provides characterized in.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, the first primary winding includes a printed wiring board, a first primary winding formed of the first conductive pattern formed on the printed wiring board, and a second conductive pattern. A first transformer having a first secondary winding with a smaller number of turns than the first transformer, the first primary winding, and a first core combined with the first secondary winding, and the printed wiring A second primary winding comprising a third conductive pattern formed on the substrate and a second secondary winding comprising a fourth conductive pattern and having a smaller number of turns than the second primary winding; A second transformer having the second primary winding, a second core combined with the second secondary winding, and a fifth conductive pattern formed on the printed wiring board. The first winding and the sixth conductive pattern have a smaller number of turns than the third primary winding. The secondary winding and these third primary winding, a third transformer having a third core combined to a third secondary winding, a seventh formed on the printed circuit board A fourth secondary winding comprising a conductive pattern and a fourth secondary winding comprising an eighth conductive pattern and having a smaller number of turns than the fourth primary winding, and the fourth primary winding. , A fourth transformer having a fourth core combined with a fourth secondary winding, a first switching semiconductor element connected to the first primary winding, and the second 1 a second switching semiconductor element connected to the next winding, the third primary winding is the connection that Ru third switching semiconductor device, the fourth connected fourth Ru to the primary winding switching the semiconductor device, the first semiconductor being connected in series with said first secondary winding and said second secondary winding A smoothing circuit having a rectifying element, a second semiconductor rectifying element connected in series with the third secondary winding and the fourth secondary winding, a smoothing inductor, and a smoothing capacitor; A series circuit including the first secondary winding, the second secondary winding, and the first semiconductor rectifier, the third secondary winding, and the fourth secondary winding. And a series circuit having the second semiconductor rectifier element, and a flywheel semiconductor element that is connected in parallel to the smoothing circuit and circulates the energy stored in the smoothing inductor on the printed wiring board. A power supply, wherein the first transformer and the second transformer are aligned, the third transformer and the fourth transformer are aligned, the first transformer, The second transformer is the third transformer and It is arranged so as to face each other the fourth transformer and the predetermined distance, the first semiconductor rectifier element and the second semiconductor rectifier element, the said first transformer and said second transformer first 3 and the fourth transformer, and the flywheel semiconductor element is disposed between the first transformer, the second transformer, the third transformer, and the fourth transformer. A power supply is provided, wherein the power supply is mounted on a surface opposite to the surface of the printed wiring board on which the first semiconductor rectifying device and the second semiconductor rectifying device are mounted.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention , the printed wiring board according to the third aspect is formed of a plurality of stacked printed single boards, and among the printed single boards, the printed single board located on the inner side includes the first transformer. A spiral conductive pattern that forms the secondary winding is formed, and a wide conductive pattern that forms the secondary winding of the transformer forms the primary winding on the printed single board located on both outer sides. Provided is a power supply characterized by being formed so as to sandwich a spiral conductive pattern from both sides.

  According to the first to third aspects of the invention, in particular, by reducing the parasitic inductance in the secondary side circuit of the transformer, the spike voltage generated during switching of the switching semiconductor element is reduced, and the power loss due to the spike voltage is reduced. In addition, radiation noise can be reduced.

  According to the fourth invention, in addition to the effects obtained by the first to third inventions, the electromagnetic coupling ratio between the primary winding and the secondary winding can be improved, and If the conductive pattern forming the secondary winding is connected to a fixed potential, the primary winding can be electrostatically shielded by the secondary winding without providing a separate shield conductor, and more radiation noise can be generated. Can be small.

[Embodiment 1]
Embodiment 1 of the power supply according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 is a diagram showing an arrangement of main electronic components of the first power supply 100, FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a circuit configuration of the power supply 100 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a diagram using a multilayer printed wiring board. It is a figure for demonstrating the power supply 100 which is shown, and has shown a part of printed wiring board. 1A shows the front surface of the printed wiring board, and FIG. 1B shows the back surface of the printed wiring board. First, an example of the circuit configuration of the power supply 100 will be described with reference to FIG. 2. The primary winding 3 a of the first transformer 3 and the first switching semiconductor element 4 are connected in series with the DC input terminals 1 and 2. ing. Similarly, the primary winding 5a of the second transformer 5 and the second switching semiconductor element 6 are connected in series with the input terminals 1 and 2, and the primary winding 3a and the switching semiconductor elements 4 and 1 are connected. The next winding 5a and the switching semiconductor element 6 are connected in parallel to each other. Although the switching semiconductor elements 4 and 6 are shown as single elements, two or more switching semiconductor elements 4 and 6 may be connected in parallel. These switching semiconductor elements 4 and 6 are not particularly limited as long as they are semiconductor elements whose on / off is controlled by a control signal such as an FET, a transistor, or an IGBT.

  The secondary winding 3b of the transformer 3 and the secondary winding 5b of the transformer 5 are connected in series with each other, and the anode of the semiconductor rectifier 7 is connected in series to the other end of the secondary winding 3b. The anode of the semiconductor rectifier 8 is connected in series to the other end of the line 5b, and the cathodes of the semiconductor rectifiers 7 and 8 are connected to each other at a connection point A. The secondary winding 3b and the secondary winding 5b have about one turn to several turns. A flywheel semiconductor element 9 is connected between a connection point B between the secondary winding 3b of the transformer 3 and the secondary winding 5b of the transformer 5 and a connection point C at a short distance from the connection point A. The cathode of the semiconductor element 9 is connected to one DC output terminal 11 via a smoothing inductor 10. The anode of the flywheel semiconductor element 9 is connected to the other DC output terminal 12, and a smoothing capacitor 13 is connected between the DC output terminals 11 and 12.

  In the circuit shown in FIG. 2, a loop in which the current value is large and the current flows intermittently is a connection point from one end of the secondary winding 3 b to the flywheel semiconductor element 9 through the semiconductor rectifier element 7 as indicated by a thick line. Wiring X2 leading to C, wiring X2 from one end of the secondary winding 5b to the connection point C through the semiconductor rectifier 8 and from the connection point B to the connection point C through the flywheel semiconductor element 9 The wiring X3 and the wiring Y1 that connects the secondary winding 3b and the secondary winding 5b. Shortening the wirings X1 to X3 and the wiring Y1 as much as possible leads to reduction of power loss and radiation noise due to parasitic inductance. . Note that illustration of the control circuit, current detection circuit, voltage detection circuit, and the like of the switching semiconductor elements 4 and 6 is omitted. Further, the semiconductor rectifying elements 7 and 8 and the flywheel semiconductor element 9 may be composed of rectifying FETs, but the illustration of the driving circuit of the rectifying FET in this case is also omitted.

  In the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the printed wiring board 20 includes three printed single plates 21, 22, and 23. The printed single board 22 is located between the printed single boards 21 and 23, and the conductive material forming the primary winding 3 a and the secondary winding 3 b of the first transformer 3 on both surfaces of the printed single board 22. A conductive pattern for forming the pattern, the primary winding 5a and the secondary winding 5b of the second transformer 5 is formed. The surface of the printed single board 21 forms the front surface 20A of the printed wiring board 20, and the surface of the printed single board 23 forms the back surface 20B of the printed wiring board 20. On the front surface 20A and the back surface 20B of the printed wiring board 20, there are formed conductive patterns on which electronic components are mounted, and wiring patterns that connect between the conductive pads and the conductive patterns forming the respective windings of the transformers 3 and 5. The In addition, although illustration is abbreviate | omitted about a wiring pattern, you may form a wiring pattern also in the printed single board 22 as needed. The printed single plates 21 to 23 have core portions 3A1 and 3A2 that form the core of the transformer 3, and core holes 5A1 and 5A2 that form the core of the transformer 5, and through holes H1 and H2 through which the magnetic legs of the core portions 5A1 and 5A2 pass. H3, H4, etc. Since the transformer 3 and the transformer 5 have the same structure, the transformer 5 will not be described in detail. In FIG. 3, since it becomes difficult to see, the printed single plates 21, 22, and 23 are not hatched indicating the cross section. In addition, the orientation of the transformers 3 and 5 is illustrated for easy understanding, but the orientation of the core portions 3A1 and 3A2 of the transformer 3 and the orientation of the core portions 5A1 and 5A2 of the transformer 5 are determined depending on the shape of the transformers 3 and 5. The direction shown in the figure may be the direction rotated 90 degrees horizontally, that is, the front / back direction of the paper, and the direction in which the wiring pattern can be shortened may be selected.

  A spiral conductive pattern 3aP1 and a conductive pattern 3aP2 are formed on both surfaces of the printed single board 22 to form 1/2 of the primary winding 3a of the transformer 3, respectively. The conductive pattern 3abP1 and the conductive pattern 3aP2 are spiral conductive patterns each having half the required number of turns with the insertion hole H2 as the center. One end of the conductive pattern 3aP1 and one end of the conductive pattern 3aP2 are connected in series by a through hole having a normal structure (not shown), and the primary winding 3a having a desired number of turns is obtained by the conductive pattern 3aP1 and the conductive pattern 3aP2. Although not shown, it is preferable that the conductive patterns 3aP1 and the conductive patterns 3aP2 are formed so as to be shifted from each other on the front and back surfaces of the printed single board 22 so as to reduce the area where the conductive patterns 3aP1 and 3aP2 face each other. As a result, the capacitance of the primary winding can be reduced. Although not shown, the spiral conductive patterns 3aP1 and 3aP2 have a constant width from the inside to the outside by narrowing the width of the conductive pattern located inside and widening the width of the conductive pattern located outside. As compared with the spiral conductive pattern, a winding having a small resistance value can be obtained even if the number of turns is the same. As long as a conductive pattern having a desired number of turns can be formed, the conductive pattern 3aP1 or the conductive pattern 3aP2 may be formed only on one side of the printed single board 22.

  A conductive pattern 3bP1 that forms the secondary winding 3b of the transformer 3 is formed on the outer surface of the printed single board 21. For example, when the conductive pattern 3bP1 forms the secondary winding 3b having one turn, the conductive pattern 3bP1 has a width substantially equal to the interval between the insertion hole H2 and the insertion hole H1 or H3 with the insertion hole H2 as the center. It is preferable that the formed wide conductor has approximately one turn. On the outer surface of the printed single board 23, a conductive pattern 3bP2 that forms the secondary winding 3b of the transformer 3 is formed. The conductive pattern 3bP2 is also formed around the insertion hole H2, and is the same as the conductive pattern 3bP1. The conductive pattern 3bP1 and the conductive pattern 3bP2 are connected to each other at both ends by a through hole having a normal structure (not shown) and are in parallel. Therefore, when the conductive patterns 3bP1 and 3bP2 are the one-turn wide conductors described above, the spiral conductive patterns 3aP1 and 3aP2 are sandwiched between the conductive patterns 3bP1 and 3bP2 that are the wide conductors. Not only is the electromagnetic coupling ratio between the primary winding and the secondary winding improved, but if the conductive patterns 3bP1 and 3bP2 are connected to a fixed potential, they are electrostatically shielded by the conductive patterns 3bP1 and 3bP2. That is, it is not necessary to provide a separate shield conductor.

  Of course, the conductive pattern 3bP1 and the conductive pattern 3bP2 may be connected in series with each other. Although only a part of the transformer 5 is shown, the transformer 5 is arranged as close as possible to the transformer 3 via the semiconductor rectifying elements 7 and 8. The transformer 5 includes the core 5A1 and the core 5A2, the spiral conductive patterns 5aP1 and 5aP2 formed on both sides of the printed single board 22, and the conductive pattern 5bP1 and the print formed on the outer surface of the printed single board 21. The conductive pattern 5bP2 is formed on the outer surface of the single plate 23. The secondary winding 3b composed of the conductive patterns 3bP1 and 3bP2 has a smaller number of turns than the primary winding 3a composed of the spiral conductive patterns 3aP1 and 3aP2. Similarly, the secondary winding 5b composed of the conductive patterns 5bP1 and 5bP2 has a smaller number of turns than the primary winding 5a composed of the spiral conductive patterns 5aP1 and 5aP2.

  On the surface 20 </ b> A of the printed wiring board 20 shown in FIG. 1A, conductive pads 4 </ b> A that are mounted so that one main terminal of the switching semiconductor element 4 is connected are formed at a close distance of the transformer 3. The conductive pad 4A is connected in series to the conductive patterns 3aP1 and 3aP2 through a wiring pattern (not shown). In the vicinity of the conductive pad 4A, conductive pads 4b and 4c for connecting the other main terminal and the gate terminal of the switching semiconductor element 4 are formed. The same applies to the switching semiconductor element 6, and the conductive pad 6A mounted so that one main terminal of the switching semiconductor element 6 is connected to the spiral conductive patterns 5aP1 and 5aP2 in series by a wiring pattern (not shown). Connected. In the vicinity of the conductive pad 6A, conductive pads 6b and 6c for connecting the other main terminal of the switching semiconductor element 6 and the gate terminal are formed. Shorter primary wirings (not shown) connecting these conductive pads and transformer windings are preferable because parasitic inductance can be reduced. However, since the primary current is smaller than the secondary current, the secondary side wiring is preferable. The influence of the primary side inductance is smaller than the parasitic inductance. Therefore, in the first embodiment, a description will be given of a structure in which the parasitic inductance on the secondary side, in particular, the above-described secondary-side wirings X1 to X3 is shortened as much as possible.

  On the surface 20A of the printed wiring board 20 between the transformer 3 and the transformer 5, that is, on the outer surface of the printed single board 21, conductive pads for mounting the semiconductor rectifying elements 7 and 8 are formed as shown in FIGS. Has been. In this power supply 100, since the secondary side current is larger than the primary side current, diodes 71 and 72 connected in parallel to each other as the semiconductor rectifier element 7 and diodes 81 connected in parallel to each other as the semiconductor rectifier element 8 are used. And 82 are used. Accordingly, conductive pads 71A and 72A are formed so that the anodes of the diodes 71 and 72 are connected to the closest distance of the transformer 3 on the surface 20A of the printed wiring board 20, respectively, and the diodes 71 and 72 are positioned at the closest distance. Conductive pads 71a and 72a to which the cathodes are connected are formed. In addition, conductive pads 81A and 82A are formed so that the anodes of the diodes 81 and 82 are connected to the closest distance of the transformer 5 on the surface 20A of the printed wiring board 20, respectively, and the diodes 81 and 82 are positioned at the closest distance. Conductive pads 81a and 82a to which the cathodes are connected are formed.

On the back surface 20B of the printed wiring board 20 between the transformer 3 and the transformer 5, a conductive pad for mounting the flywheel semiconductor element 9 is formed between the transformer 3 and the transformer 5. The flywheel semiconductor device 9 includes diodes 91 and 92 connected in parallel to each other, and the anodes of the diodes 91 and 92 are connected to the respective conductive pads 91A and 92A. The cathodes of the diodes 91 and 92 are connected to conductive pads 91a and 92a formed near the conductive pads 91A and 92A, respectively. The conductive pads 91A and 92A are connected to the wiring pattern 9 0 P that connects the conductive patterns 3bP1 and 3bP2 forming the secondary winding 3b of the transformer 3 and the conductive patterns 5bP1 and 5bP2 forming the secondary winding 5b of the transformer 5. through holes 91T, connection at close range through 92T, or when the wiring pattern 90P is formed on the rear surface 20B of the printed wiring board 20 is connected to the wiring pattern 9 0 on P. The wiring pattern 90P corresponds to the wiring X3 in FIG.

  Here, the conductive pads 71A and 72A, the conductive pads 81A and 82A, the conductive pads 71a and 72a, the conductive pads 81a and 82a, the conductive pads 91A and 92A, and the conductive pads 91a and 92a may be single. Each of the semiconductor rectifier elements 7 and 8 may be a single diode or a single rectifier FET. When the semiconductor rectifying elements 7 and 8 are made of rectifying FETs, a conductive pad for connecting the gate is added. The distance between the transformer 3 and the conductive pads 71A and 72A is almost the same as the distance between the transformer 5 and the conductive pads 81A and 82A and is extremely short. Also, the conductive pads 71a and 72a and the conductive pads are short. Since 81a and 82a are actually short-circuited and may be a single element, it is clear that the wiring pattern between the transformers 3 and 5 and the cathodes of the semiconductor rectifying elements 7 and 8 can be made extremely short. In the power source 100 of the first embodiment, the secondary winding 3b of the first transformer 3 and the secondary winding 5b of the second transformer 5 are connected in series, but the DC output voltage may be lower. May be a power source in which the secondary winding 3b and the secondary winding 5b are connected in parallel, and the same effect as described above can be obtained. Therefore, in the first embodiment, since the secondary side wires X1 to X3 described above can be shortened as much as possible, the parasitic inductance on the secondary side can be minimized. In the first embodiment, the wiring Y1 has a length substantially equal to the distance between the first transformer 3 and the second transformer 5.

[Embodiment 2]
A power supply 200 according to the second embodiment capable of increasing the output capacity as compared with the power supply 100 will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 is a diagram showing a circuit configuration of a power source 200 according to the second embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an arrangement of main electronic components of the second power source 200, and FIG. 6 is a multilayer printed wiring board. It is a figure for demonstrating the power supply 200 which has been shown, and has shown a part of printed wiring board. 5A shows the front surface 20A of the printed wiring board, and FIG. 5B shows the back surface 20B of the printed wiring board. 4 to 6, the same symbols as those used in FIGS. 1 to 3 indicate members having the same names. First, an example of the circuit configuration of the power supply 200 will be described with reference to FIG. 4. The third transformer 3 ′ and the fourth transformer 5 ′ are arranged in parallel with the first transformer 3 and the second transformer 5. The printed wiring board 20 is arranged and connected in such a manner. That is, the primary winding 3′a of the transformer 3 ′ and the primary winding 5′a of the transformer 5 ′ are parallel to the primary winding 3a of the transformer 3 and the primary winding 5a of the transformer 5. It is connected between the DC input terminals 1 and 2. A third switching semiconductor element 4 ′ is connected in series with the primary winding 3′a of the transformer 3 ′, and a fourth switching semiconductor element 6 ′ is connected in series with the primary winding 5′a of the transformer 5 ′. Is connected. The secondary winding 3′b of the transformer 3 ′ and the secondary winding 5′b of the transformer 5 ′ are connected at a connection point B ′ so as to be in series with each other, and the secondary winding 3b of the transformer 3 A connection point D and a connection point E are connected in parallel to the secondary winding 5b of the transformer 5. Switching semiconductor elements 4 ′ and 6 ′ are the same as switching semiconductor elements 4 and 6. The secondary winding 3′b and the secondary winding 5′b preferably have a number of turns of about 1 to several turns, like the secondary winding 3b and the secondary winding 5b.

  In the circuit shown in FIG. 4, a loop in which the current value is large and the current flows intermittently, as shown by a thick line, is at a connection point C from one end of the secondary winding 3b to the cathode side of the flywheel semiconductor element 9. Wiring X2, secondary winding 3b and secondary winding 5b from one end of the secondary winding 5b to the connection point C through the semiconductor rectifying element 7 and the flywheel semiconductor element 9 are connected. Wiring Y1 to be connected from one end of the secondary winding 3′b of the transformer 3 ′ to the connection point D with the wiring X1, and from the secondary winding 5′b of the transformer 5 ′ through the semiconductor rectifier 8 The wiring X4 up to the point E is the wiring Y2 that connects the secondary winding 3′b and the secondary winding 5′b. Since shortening the wirings X1 to X4 and the wirings Y1 and Y2 through which a large current flows intermittently as much as possible particularly leads to reduction of voltage spikes and radiation noise due to parasitic inductance, the power supply 200 according to the second embodiment uses these wirings X1. To X4 and the wirings Y1 and Y2 are minimized.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the transformers 3 and 5 are arranged on the printed wiring board 20 in a line at a close distance, and the switching semiconductor elements 4 and 6 are arranged outside the transformers 3 and 5 so as to align with them. It is arranged on the surface 20A of the printed wiring board 20, respectively. Similarly, the transformers 3 ′ and 5 ′ are arranged on the printed wiring board 20 so as to be in a line at a close distance, and the switching semiconductor elements 4 ′ and 6 are arranged outside the transformers 3 ′ and 5 ′ so as to be aligned with them. 'Is arranged on the surface 20A of the printed wiring board 20, respectively. A conductive pad 4A on which the switching semiconductor element 4 is mounted is formed at a close distance of the transformer 3, and conductive pads 4b and 4c are formed in the vicinity of the conductive pad 4A. Similarly, the conductive pad 6A on which the switching semiconductor element 6 is mounted is formed at a close distance of the transformer 5, and conductive pads 6b and 6c are formed in the vicinity of the conductive pad 6A. The conductive pad 4′A on which the switching semiconductor element 4 ′ is mounted is formed at a close distance of the transformer 3 ′, and the conductive pads 4′b and 4′c are formed in the vicinity of the conductive pad 4′A. Yes. Similarly, a conductive pad 6′A on which the switching semiconductor element 6 ′ is mounted is formed at a close distance of the transformer 5 ′, and conductive pads 6′b and 6′c are formed in the vicinity of the conductive pad 6′A. ing.

  While the first semiconductor rectifying element 7 and the second semiconductor rectifying element 8 are arranged on the surface 20A of the printed wiring board 20 between the transformers 3 and 5 and the transformers 3 ′ and 5 ′, The flywheel semiconductor element 9 is disposed on the back surface 20B. That is, the distance between the transformers 3 and 5 and the transformers 3 ′ and 5 ′ is preferably a minimum distance at which the semiconductor rectifying elements 7 and 8 and the flywheel semiconductor element 9 can be disposed. The semiconductor rectifier 7 includes three diodes 71, 72, 73 connected in parallel to each other, conductive pads 71A, 72A, 73A mounted so that the cathodes of the diodes 71, 72, 73 are connected to each other, and a conductive pad Two conductive pads 71a, 72a and 73a are formed in the vicinity of 71A, 72A and 73A, respectively. The same applies to the semiconductor rectifier 8, and the three diodes 81, 82, 83 connected in parallel to each other and the conductive pads 81 A, 82 A, 83 A mounted so that the cathodes of the diodes 81, 82, 83 are connected to each other. And two conductive pads 81a, 82a, and 83a formed in the vicinity of the conductive pads 81A, 82A, and 83A, respectively. The conductive pads 71A, 72A, 73A and the conductive pads 81A, 82A, 83A may be formed with a single conductive pattern. Further, the conductive pads 71a, 72a, 73a and the conductive pads 81a, 82a, 83a, which are the anode terminals of the diodes 71, 72, 73 and the diodes 81, 82, 83, respectively, are formed in a single conductive pattern. Also good. Furthermore, these single conductive patterns may be shared to form one conductive pattern.

  The flywheel semiconductor element 9 disposed on the back surface 20B of the printed wiring board 20 includes three diodes 91, 92, 93 connected in parallel to each other, and transformers 3 ′, 5 ′ on the back surface 20B of the printed wiring board 20. The conductive pads 91A, 92A and 93A formed between the transformers 3 and 5 and two conductive pads 91a, 92a and 93a formed in the vicinity of the conductive pads 91A, 92A and 93A, respectively. The diodes 91, 92, and 93 are mounted on the conductive pads 91A, 92A, and 93A, respectively, so that the cathodes are connected. The anodes of the diodes 91, 92, 93 are connected to the conductive pads 91a, 92a, 93a, respectively. The conductive pads 91A, 92A, and 93A and the conductive pads 91a, 92a, and 93a may each be formed of a single pad. The semiconductor rectifying elements 7 and 8 and the flywheel semiconductor element 9 may be a single diode or a rectifying FET, respectively, or may be an arbitrary number connected in parallel. Since the smoothing inductor 10 and the smoothing capacitor 13 are the same as those in the first embodiment, description thereof is omitted.

  In the second power source 200, a printed wiring board 20 using five printed single boards 21 to 25 stacked as shown in FIG. 6 is used. In FIG. 6, the same symbols as those used in FIG. 3 indicate members having the same names. The outer surface of the printed single board 21 forms the front surface 20 </ b> A of the printed wiring board 20, and the outer surface of the printed single board 25 forms the back surface 20 </ b> B of the printed wiring board 20. Since the arrangement of the conductive pads and the electronic components on the front surface 20A and the back surface 20B of the printed wiring board 20 is almost the same as that already described in the first embodiment, the transformers 3, 5, 3 ′, 5 are mainly used. Talk about '. Since the transformers 3, 5, 3 ', 5' have the same structure, the transformers 5, 5 'will be mainly described. In the printed single plates 21 to 25, the magnetic legs of the core portions 5A1 and 5A2 forming the core of the transformer 5 and the core portions 5'A1 and 5'A2 forming the core such as the transformer 5 'are inserted. It has insertion holes H2, H3, H4, H5 and the like. A spiral conductive pattern 5aP1 and a conductive pattern 5aP2 forming the primary winding 5a of the transformer 5 are formed on both surfaces of the printed single board 23 located in the middle. The conductive pattern 5aP1 and the conductive pattern 5aP2 are spiral conductive patterns that respectively form half of the necessary number of turns, for example, nine turns, around the insertion hole H2.

  One end of the conductive pattern 5aP1 and one end of the conductive pattern 5aP2 are connected in series by a through hole having a normal structure (not shown), and the primary winding 5a having a desired number of turns, for example, 18 turns, between the conductive pattern 5aP1 and the conductive pattern 5aP2. Have gained. Although not shown, it is preferable that the conductive patterns 5aP1 and the conductive patterns 5aP2 are formed so as to be shifted from each other on the front and back surfaces of the printed single board 23 so as to reduce the area where the conductive patterns 5aP1 and 5aP2 face each other. As a result, the capacitance of the primary winding can be reduced. Although not shown, the spiral conductive patterns 5aP1 and 5aP2 have a constant width from the inside to the outside by narrowing the width of the conductive pattern located inside and widening the width of the conductive pattern located outside. As compared with the spiral conductive pattern, a winding having a small resistance value can be obtained even if the number of turns is the same. If a conductive pattern having a desired number of turns can be formed, the conductive pattern 5aP1 or the conductive pattern 5aP2 may be formed only on one side of the printed single board 23.

  In FIG. 6, conductive patterns 5bP1 and 5bP2 forming the secondary winding 5b of the transformer 5 are formed between the outer surface of the printed single board 21 and the upper surface of the printed single board 22, that is, between the printed single boards 21 and 22, respectively. Has been. For example, the conductive patterns 5bP1 and 5bP2 are substantially one-turn wide conductors formed around the insertion hole H2. Conductive patterns 5bP3 and 5bP4 forming the secondary winding 5b of the transformer 5 are formed between the outer surface of the printed single board 25 and the lower surface of the printed single board 24, that is, between the printed single boards 24 and 25, respectively. ing. The conductive patterns 5bP3 and 5bP4 are also wide conductors of approximately one turn formed around the insertion hole H2. The conductive pattern 5bP1 and the conductive pattern 5bP2 are connected to each other at both ends by a through hole having a normal structure (not shown) and are in parallel. Similarly, the conductive pattern 5bP3 and the conductive pattern 5bP4 are connected to each other at both ends by a through hole having a normal structure (not shown) and are arranged in parallel. The conductive patterns 5bP1, 5bP2 and the conductive patterns 5bP3, 5bP4 are connected to each other by a through hole having a normal structure (not shown) so as to be in series with each other. Accordingly, the secondary winding 5b of the transformer 5 has approximately two turns.

  The conductive patterns 5bP1, 5bP2, 5bP3, and 5bP4 of approximately one turn are wide conductors having a width substantially equal to the interval between the insertion holes through which the magnetic legs of the transformer 5 are inserted, for example, the insertion holes H2 and H3. The conductive pattern 5aP1 and the conductive pattern 5aP2 forming the primary winding 5a are sandwiched between the conductive pattern 5bP1 and the conductive pattern 5bP2 forming the secondary winding 5b and the conductive patterns 5bP3 and 5bP4. In addition to improving the electromagnetic coupling ratio between the winding and the secondary winding, if the conductive patterns 5bP1, 5bP2, 5bP3, and 5bP4 are connected to a fixed potential, the conductive patterns 5bP1, 5bP2, 5bP3, and 5bP4 provide electrostatic shielding. There is no need to provide a separate shield conductor. Of course, the conductive patterns 5bP1 and 5bP2 or the conductive patterns 5bP3 and 5bP4 may be connected in series with each other. The transformer 5 is disposed as close as possible to the transformer 5 ′ via the semiconductor rectifying elements 7 and 8 on the front surface 20A of the printed wiring board 20 and the flywheel semiconductor element 9 on the back surface 20B of the printed wiring board 20. At the same time, the transformer 3 is disposed as close as possible. Similarly, the transformer 5 ′ has a spiral conductive pattern formed on both surfaces of the core 5′A1 and the core 5′A2 forming the core and the intermediate printed single plate 23 to form the primary winding 5′a. 5'aP1 and 5'aP2, conductive patterns 5'bP1 and 5'bP2 formed on the printed single boards 21 and 22 and forming half of the secondary winding 5'b, and printed single boards 24 and 25 The conductive pattern 5'bP3 and 5'bP4 form a half of the secondary winding 5'b.

  While the first semiconductor rectifying element 7 and the second semiconductor rectifying element 8 are arranged on the surface 20A of the printed wiring board 20 between the transformers 3 and 5 and the transformers 3 ′ and 5 ′, The fact that the flywheel semiconductor element 9 is disposed on the back surface 20B has already been described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 6, on the surface 20A of the printed wiring board 20 between the transformers 5 and 5 ′, that is, on the upper surface of the printed single board 21, conductive pads 71A and 81A, conductive pads 71a and 81a formed between them, and Diodes 71 and 81 mounted on the conductive pads 71A and 81A are shown. The cathode of the diode 71 is connected to the conductive pad 71A, the anode is connected to the conductive pad 71a, the cathode of the diode 81 is connected to the conductive pad 81A, and the anode is connected to the conductive pad 81a. The conductive pad 71A is connected to the conductive pattern 5bP1 or 5bP2 forming the secondary winding 5b of the transformer 5 by a short wiring pattern (not shown), and the conductive pads 72A and 73A are the same. The conductive pad 81A is connected to the conductive pattern 5′bP1 or 5′bP2 forming the secondary winding 5′b of the transformer 5 ′ by a short wiring pattern (not shown), and the conductive pads 82A and 83A are the same. . The conductive pads 71a, 83a and the like are connected in common with a short wiring pattern (not shown).

  In FIG. 6, conductive pads 91 </ b> A, 92 </ b> A, 93 </ b> A of the flywheel semiconductor element 9 are formed on the back surface 20 </ b> B of the printed wiring board 20 between the transformers 5 and 5 ′, that is, on the bottom surface of the printed single board 25. . The diodes 91, 92, 93 of the flywheel semiconductor element 9 have their cathodes connected to the conductive pads 91A, 92A, 93A, respectively. The conductive pads 91A, 92A, 93A are connected to a conductive pattern (not shown) that forms the secondary winding 3b of the transformer 3 by a short common wiring pattern (not shown). Therefore, it is clear that the wiring pattern corresponding to the wiring X1 can be shortened. The conductive pads 91a, 92a, 93a (FIG. 5) to which the anodes of the diodes 91, 92, 93 are connected are connected to the short wiring pattern (not shown) that connects the conductive pads 71a, 83a in common. Here, the semiconductor rectifying elements 7 and 8 and the flywheel semiconductor element 9 are concentrated and arranged between the transformers 3 and 5 and the transformers 3 ′ and 5 ′ using the front and back of the printed wiring board 20. Therefore, the conductive pads 91a, 92a, 93a and the conductive pads 71a, 83a can be connected at a close distance through the inside of the printed wiring board 20. In FIG. 6, illustration of those wirings is omitted. Therefore, it is clear that the wiring patterns corresponding to the wirings X2 and X4 can be shortened. In addition, since the wiring pattern corresponding to the wiring X3 can be shortened and the wiring patterns corresponding to the wirings Y1 and Y2 can be shortened, the parasitic inductance on the secondary side can be minimized.

  Next, the power loss between the power source 200 and the power source of the conventional circuit arrangement was compared. As a conventional circuit arrangement, the switching semiconductor elements 4, 6, 4 ′, 6 ′ are followed by the transformers 3, 5, 3 ′, 5 ′, and then the semiconductor rectifier elements 7, 8 and the flywheel semiconductor element 9, Further, the smoothing inductor 10 and the smoothing capacitor 13 are sequentially arranged in the subsequent stage. A resistor and a capacitor are connected in series to the switching semiconductor elements 4, 6, 4 ', 6', the semiconductor rectifier elements 7, 8 and the flywheel semiconductor element 9 in the power supply 200 and the power supply of the conventional circuit arrangement, respectively. The CR snubber circuit is connected in parallel. And the sum of the power loss by those CR snubber circuits in each of the power source 200 and the power source of the conventional circuit arrangement was obtained. As a result, the power loss of the power supply 200 of the second embodiment was 12.79 W at the rated output, whereas the power loss of the conventional circuit arrangement was 18.99 W at the same rated output. In the power source 200 of the second embodiment, the snubber power loss is reduced by about 24.7% compared to the power source of the conventional circuit arrangement. This reduction in snubber power loss is thought to be due to the reduction in voltage spikes due to the reduction in parasitic inductance. Although not shown, this is apparent from the fact that the voltage spike is reduced when the voltage waveform is measured.

  In the first embodiment, the secondary winding 3b of the transformer 3 and the secondary winding 5b of the transformer 5 are connected in series. Also in the second embodiment, the secondary winding 3b of the transformer 3 and the secondary winding 5b of the transformer 5 may be connected in parallel, and the secondary winding 3'b of the transformer 3 'and the transformer 5' Of course, the secondary winding 5'b may be connected in parallel. The primary side circuit may be an inverter having an arbitrary circuit configuration such as a full bridge inverter or a half bridge inverter instead of the switching semiconductor element, and the primary winding of the transformer may be in series or in parallel. Further, the present invention is not limited to the number of printed single plates and the number of conductive patterns and wiring patterns constituting the printed wiring board. There may be six or more transformers, and all of their secondary windings may be parallel or a combination of series and parallel.

It is a figure which shows arrangement | positioning of the main electronic components of the power supply 100 which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. 1 is a diagram illustrating a circuit configuration of a power supply 100 according to Embodiment 1. FIG. FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a configuration of a transformer portion of a printed wiring board in the power supply 100 according to the first embodiment. It is a figure which shows the circuit structure of the power supply 200 which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is a figure which shows arrangement | positioning of the main electronic components of the power supply 200 which concerns on Embodiment 2. FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the structure of the transformer part of the printed wiring board in the power supply which concerns on Embodiment 2. FIG.

Explanation of symbols

1, 2 ... DC input terminal 3, 3 '... Transformer 3a, 3a' ... Primary winding of transformer 3, 3 '3b, 3b' ... Secondary winding of transformer 3, 3 ' Wires 3aP1, 3aP2 ... Conductive pattern forming primary winding of transformer 3 3bP1, 3bP2 ... Conductive pattern forming secondary winding of transformer 3 3A1, 3A2 ... Core portion of transformer 3 4, 4 '... switching semiconductor element 4A, 4'A ... conductive pad of switching semiconductor element 4, 4' 4b, 4c ... conductive pad of switching semiconductor element 4 4'b, 4'c ... switching Conductive pad 5, 5 '... transformer 5a, 5a' ... primary winding of transformer 5, 5 '5b, 5b' ... secondary winding 5aP1 of transformer 5, 5 ' 5aP2... Conductivity that forms the primary winding of the transformer 5. Turn 5bP1, 5bP2 ... Conductive pattern forming secondary winding of transformer 3 5A1, 5A2 ... Core portion of transformer 5, 6, 6 '... Switching semiconductor element 6A, 6'A ... Switching semiconductor Conductive pads 6b, 6c of the elements 6, 6 '... Conductive pads 6'b, 6'c ... of the switching semiconductor element 6' 7, 8 ... First, second of the switching semiconductor element 6 ' Semiconductor rectifier elements 71, 72 ... Diodes 71A, 72A of semiconductor rectifier elements 7: Conductive pads 71a, 72a ... Conductive pads of diodes 71, 72 81, 82 ... Semiconductor rectifiers Diode 8 of element 8 81A, 82A ... Conductive pad of diode 81, 82 81a, 82a ... Conductive pad of diode 81, 82 9 ... Fly Semiconductor device for wheel 90P ... Wiring pattern 91, 92 ... Diode 91A, 92A ... Conductive pad of diode 91, 92 91a, 92a ... Conductive pad 91D of diode 91, 92 , 92T ... through hole 10 ... smoothing inductor 11, 12 ... DC output terminal 13 ... smoothing capacitor 20 ... printed wiring board 20A ... surface 20B of the printed wiring board 20 ...・ Back side of the printed wiring board 20, 22, 23...

Claims (4)

A printed wiring board, a first primary winding made of a first conductive pattern formed on the printed wiring board, and a second conductive pattern, and having fewer turns than the first primary winding. A first transformer having a first secondary winding, the first primary winding, a first core combined with the first secondary winding, and a first transformer formed on the printed wiring board; A second primary winding consisting of three conductive patterns and a second secondary winding consisting of a fourth conductive pattern and having a smaller number of turns than the second primary winding, and these second primary windings. winding, a second transformer having a second core combined to a second secondary winding, a first switching semiconductor element that will be connected to the first primary winding, said second a second switching semiconductor elements that will be connected to the primary winding of the Ru is connected to the first secondary winding A semiconductor rectifying device, the second Ru is connected to the secondary winding second semiconductor rectifier, a smoothing circuit having a smooth inductor and smoothing capacitor flat, said first secondary winding And the first semiconductor rectifier element, the series circuit of the second secondary winding and the second semiconductor rectifier element, and the smoothing circuit are connected in parallel to the smoothing circuit . a flywheel semiconductor device to circulate the energy stored in the inductor to a power source formed by mounting on the printed circuit board,
The first transformer and the second transformer are arranged to face each other with a predetermined distance therebetween,
The first semiconductor rectifying element and the second semiconductor rectifying element are disposed between the first transformer and the second transformer,
The flywheel semiconductor element is disposed between the first transformer and the second transformer, and the print on which the first semiconductor rectifier element and the second semiconductor rectifier element are mounted. A power supply that is mounted on a surface opposite to the surface of the wiring board. In claim 1,
A first conductive pad on which the first semiconductor rectifying element is mounted is formed on one surface of the printed wiring board between the first transformer and the second transformer, and the first Connected to the second conductive pattern forming the secondary winding of
The second conductive pad on which the second semiconductor rectifier element is mounted is formed on one surface of the printed wiring board between the first transformer and the second transformer, and the second Connected to the fourth conductive pattern forming the secondary winding of
A third conductive pad on which the flywheel semiconductor element is mounted is formed on the other surface of the printed wiring board between the first transformer and the second transformer, and the first conductive pad is mounted on the printed circuit board. A power supply, wherein the power source is connected to the second conductive pattern and the fourth conductive pattern, which respectively form a secondary winding and a second secondary winding. A printed wiring board;
A first secondary comprising a first primary winding and a second conductive pattern formed on the printed wiring board and having a smaller number of turns than the first primary winding. A first transformer having a winding and a first core combined with the first primary winding and the first secondary winding;
A second secondary winding formed of a third conductive pattern and a fourth conductive pattern formed on the printed wiring board and having a smaller number of turns than the second primary winding. A second transformer having a winding and a second core combined with the second primary winding and the second secondary winding;
A third secondary comprising a third primary winding and a sixth conductive pattern formed on the printed wiring board and having a number of turns smaller than that of the third primary winding. A third transformer having a winding and a third core combined with the third primary winding and the third secondary winding;
A fourth secondary winding formed of a seventh conductive pattern and an eighth conductive pattern formed on the printed wiring board and having a smaller number of turns than the fourth primary winding. A fourth transformer having a winding and a fourth core combined with the fourth primary winding and the fourth secondary winding;
A first switching semiconductor element connected to the first primary winding;
A second switching semiconductor element connected to the second primary winding;
A third switching semiconductor devices that will be connected to the third primary winding,
A fourth switching semiconductor devices that will be connected to the fourth primary winding,
A first semiconductor rectifier element connected in series with the first secondary winding and the second secondary winding;
A second semiconductor rectifier element connected in series with the third secondary winding and the fourth secondary winding;
A smoothing circuit having a smoothing inductor and a smoothing capacitor;
A series circuit having the first secondary winding, the second secondary winding, and the first semiconductor rectifier, the third secondary winding, and the fourth secondary winding; A series circuit having the second semiconductor rectifier element and a flywheel semiconductor element that is connected in parallel to the smoothing circuit and circulates energy stored in the smoothing inductor is mounted on the printed wiring board. Power supply
The first transformer and the second transformer are arranged in alignment,
The third transformer and the fourth transformer are aligned.
The first transformer and the second transformer are arranged to face the third transformer and the fourth transformer with a predetermined distance therebetween,
The first semiconductor rectifier element and the second semiconductor rectifier element are disposed between the first transformer, the second transformer, the third transformer, and the fourth transformer,
The flywheel semiconductor element is disposed between the first transformer, the second transformer, the third transformer, and the fourth transformer, and includes the first semiconductor rectifier element and the second transformer. The power supply is mounted on a surface opposite to the surface of the printed wiring board on which the semiconductor rectifier element is mounted. 4. The printed wiring board according to claim 3 , wherein the printed wiring board is formed of a plurality of laminated printed single boards, and the primary winding of the transformer is formed on a printed single board located inside the printed single boards. A spiral conductive pattern is formed, and a wide conductive pattern forming the secondary winding of the transformer forms a spiral conductive pattern on the printed single board located on both outer sides. A power source characterized by being sandwiched from both sides.

Images