JP4746506B2 - Landslide prevention method - Google Patents

Landslide prevention method Download PDF

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JP4746506B2
JP4746506B2 JP2006253310A JP2006253310A JP4746506B2 JP 4746506 B2 JP4746506 B2 JP 4746506B2 JP 2006253310 A JP2006253310 A JP 2006253310A JP 2006253310 A JP2006253310 A JP 2006253310A JP 4746506 B2 JP4746506 B2 JP 4746506B2
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侃彦 藤澤
淳美 樋口
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財団法人ダム技術センター
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Description

本発明は、斜面の地すべり防止方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a slope landslide prevention method.

斜面から土塊がすべり落ちるところの地すべり現象は、重大な自然災害を引き起こす。そこで、各種の地すべり対策が講じられてきた(例えば、特許文献1参照。)。
特開2004−190252公報(図5、図6)
The landslide phenomenon where a mass of soil slides down a slope causes a serious natural disaster. Accordingly, various landslide countermeasures have been taken (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
JP 2004-190252 A (FIGS. 5 and 6)

特許文献1を次図に基づいて説明する。
図7は従来の技術の基本原理を説明する図であり、(a)に示されるように、地表面101からすべり面102へ多数の縦穴103及び横穴104を穿つ。次に、(b)に示されるように穴103、104に袋体105を降ろし、この袋体105に硬化性充填材106を充填する。硬化性充填材106ですべり面102を固定してすべり難くする。
そして、穴103、104を埋め戻すことで、地表面101を綺麗にする。
Patent document 1 is demonstrated based on the following figure.
FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the basic principle of the prior art. As shown in FIG. 7A, a large number of vertical holes 103 and horizontal holes 104 are formed from the ground surface 101 to the sliding surface 102. Next, as shown in (b), the bag body 105 is lowered into the holes 103 and 104, and the bag body 105 is filled with the curable filler 106. The sliding surface 102 is fixed with a curable filler 106 to make it difficult to slide.
Then, the ground surface 101 is cleaned by refilling the holes 103 and 104.

穴103、104は深いため、穴の掘削費用が嵩む。すなわち、地表面からすべり面までの距離が大きいほど、穴の掘削費用が嵩む。
また、袋体105がすべり面102に跨って配置されているか否かは、ほとんど確認できない。このため、袋体105の幾つかはすべり面102から外れてしまう。
そこで、地表面からすべり面までの距離が大きくても施工費用の高騰化を防ぐことができ、且つすべり面を確実に固定化することができる工法が求められる。
Since the holes 103 and 104 are deep, the cost of drilling the holes increases. That is, the greater the distance from the ground surface to the slip surface, the higher the cost for excavating the hole.
Further, it is hardly possible to confirm whether or not the bag body 105 is arranged across the sliding surface 102. For this reason, some of the bags 105 come off the sliding surface 102.
Therefore, there is a demand for a construction method that can prevent an increase in construction costs even if the distance from the ground surface to the slip surface is large and that can reliably fix the slip surface.

本発明は、地表面からすべり面までの距離が大きくても施工費用の高騰化を防ぐことができ、且つすべり面を確実に固定化することができる工法を提供することを課題とする。   This invention makes it a subject to provide the construction method which can prevent the increase in construction cost even if the distance from a ground surface to a sliding surface is large, and can fix a sliding surface reliably.

請求項1に係る発明は、斜面から土塊がすべり落ちることを防止する地すべり防止方法において、
前記土塊のすべり面を確定するために実施するすべり面調査工程と、
得られたすべり面よりも外側位置にて地表面から地山中心に向かって進入トンネルを掘る進入トンネル掘削工程と、
得られた進入トンネルの先端から前記すべり面に沿って本トンネルを掘る本トンネル掘削工程と、
得られた本トンネルの途中から水平に枝抗を掘る枝抗掘削工程と、
得られた枝抗及び前記本トンネルをコンクリートで閉鎖することで、すべり面を固めるすべり面固化工程と、
前記進入トンネルをコンクリートで閉鎖する進入トンネル閉鎖工程と、からなることを特徴とする。
The invention according to claim 1 is a landslide prevention method for preventing a lump from sliding off a slope.
A slip surface inspection process to be performed to determine the slip surface of the mass;
An approach tunnel excavation process in which an entrance tunnel is excavated from the ground surface toward the center of the natural ground at a position outside the obtained slip surface;
A tunnel excavation step of digging the tunnel along the sliding surface from the tip of the obtained entrance tunnel;
Branch anti-drilling process to dig a branch horizontally from the middle of the obtained tunnel,
By closing the obtained branch and the main tunnel with concrete, a sliding surface solidifying step for solidifying the sliding surface;
An approach tunnel closing step for closing the entrance tunnel with concrete.

請求項2に係る発明は、斜面から土塊がすべり落ちることを防止する地すべり防止方法において、
前記土塊のすべり面を確定するために実施するすべり面調査工程と、
得られたすべり面に向かって地表面から進入トンネルを掘る進入トンネル掘削工程と、
得られた進入トンネルの先端から前記すべり面に沿って本トンネルを掘る本トンネル掘削工程と、
得られた前記本トンネルをコンクリートで閉鎖することで、すべり面を固めるすべり面固化工程と、
前記進入トンネルをコンクリートで閉鎖する進入トンネル閉鎖工程と、からなることを特徴とする。
The invention according to claim 2 is a landslide prevention method for preventing a lump from falling off a slope.
A slip surface inspection process to be performed to determine the slip surface of the mass;
An approach tunnel excavation process for digging an entrance tunnel from the ground surface toward the obtained slip surface,
A tunnel excavation step of digging the tunnel along the sliding surface from the tip of the obtained entrance tunnel;
By closing the obtained tunnel with concrete, a sliding surface solidifying step for solidifying the sliding surface;
An approach tunnel closing step for closing the entrance tunnel with concrete.

請求項1に係る発明では、本トンネルがすべり面に沿っているため、本トンネル内で人目によりすべり面の存在及び状態を確認することができる。このような本トンネルをコンクリートで閉鎖すれば、すべり面を確実に固定化することができる。
また、地表面からすべり面までの距離が大きいときは、進入トンネルを延ばすことで対処できるから、施工費用の高騰化を抑えることができる。
In the invention according to claim 1, since the present tunnel is along the slip surface, the presence and state of the slip surface can be confirmed by human eyes in the present tunnel. If such a tunnel is closed with concrete, the slip surface can be reliably fixed.
In addition, when the distance from the ground surface to the slip surface is large, it can be dealt with by extending the entrance tunnel, so that the construction cost can be prevented from rising.

請求項2に係る発明でも、本トンネル内で人目によりすべり面の存在及び状態を確認することができる。このような本トンネルをコンクリートで閉鎖すれば、すべり面を確実に固定化することができる。また、地表面からすべり面までの距離が大きいときは、進入トンネルを延ばすことで対処できるから、施工費用の高騰化を抑えることができる。
この発明は、進入トンネルをすべり面に向かって掘るため、すべり面付近が広範囲に破砕されている場合に、適用できる。
Even in the invention according to claim 2, the presence and state of the slip surface can be confirmed by human eyes in the tunnel. If such a tunnel is closed with concrete, the slip surface can be reliably fixed. In addition, when the distance from the ground surface to the slip surface is large, it can be dealt with by extending the entrance tunnel, so that the construction cost can be prevented from rising.
The present invention can be applied when the vicinity of the slip surface is crushed extensively in order to dig the entrance tunnel toward the slip surface.

本発明を実施するための最良の形態を添付図に基づいて以下に説明する。
図1はダム上流の谷の断面図であり、ダム上流の谷を構成する地山10は、一般に急な斜面で構成される。そして、放置しておくとすべり面11を境にして土塊12がすべり落ちる危険がある。
その対策として、地表面13からすべり面11に向かって進入トンネル14を掘削し、この進入トンネル14の先端からすべり面11に沿わせて(図面表裏方向に)本トンネル15を掘削し、これらの本トンネル15及び進入トンネル14にコンクリート16、17を充填して閉鎖する。
The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a valley upstream of a dam, and a natural mountain 10 constituting the valley upstream of the dam is generally constituted by a steep slope. Then, if left unattended, there is a risk that the clot 12 will slide off the sliding surface 11 as a boundary.
As a countermeasure, an entrance tunnel 14 is excavated from the ground surface 13 toward the slip surface 11, and the tunnel 15 is excavated from the tip of the entrance tunnel 14 along the slip surface 11 (in the front and back direction of the drawing). The main tunnel 15 and the entrance tunnel 14 are filled with concrete 16 and 17 and closed.

ダム上流の谷では、ダムの水位変化に伴って谷川18の水位が大きく変動する。特に水位が高まると、地山10からの排水性が低下し、すべり面11でのすべりが発生しやすくなる。このような場所に本発明による地すべり防止策を講じることは有効である。   In the valley upstream of the dam, the water level of the Tanikawa 18 greatly fluctuates as the dam water level changes. In particular, when the water level increases, the drainage from the natural ground 10 decreases, and slipping on the sliding surface 11 is likely to occur. It is effective to take a landslide prevention measure according to the present invention in such a place.

図2は図1の2矢視図であり、進入トンネル14、14はすべり面11を避けた外側に2本設ける。そして、これらの進入トンネル14、14の先端同士を結ぶことで本トンネル15を設ける。   FIG. 2 is a view taken in the direction of the arrow 2 in FIG. Then, the main tunnel 15 is provided by connecting the tips of the entrance tunnels 14 and 14 to each other.

次に、本発明に係る地すべり防止方法の施工工程を、図3及び図4に基づいて説明する。
図3はすべり面調査から本トンネル掘削までの工程説明図であり、(a)において、土塊のすべり面11を確定するために、ボウリング調査法などですべり面11の位置を概ね決める。
Next, the construction process of the landslide prevention method according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the process from the slip surface investigation to the tunnel excavation. In FIG.

(b)において、すべり面11を避けるようにして、2本の進入トンネル14、14を掘削する。なお、進入トンネル14は1本のみであっても良い。そして、進入トンネル14、14の先端からすべり面11に沿った本トンネル15を掘削する。(b)のC−C線断面図である(c)に示すように、本トンネル15から水平に枝抗19を延ばす。   In (b), the two entrance tunnels 14 and 14 are excavated so as to avoid the sliding surface 11. Note that there may be only one entrance tunnel 14. Then, the main tunnel 15 along the sliding surface 11 is excavated from the tips of the entrance tunnels 14 and 14. As shown in (c), which is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC of FIG.

図4はすべり面固化から進入トンネル閉鎖までの工程の工程説明図であり、先ず、(a)のb−b線断面図である(b)において、枝抗19にコンクリート21を充填する。そして、(a)において、本トンネル15にコンクリート16を充填する。これで、すべり面11を固めることができた。次に、進入トンネル14、14にコンクリート17、17を充填する。   FIG. 4 is a process explanatory diagram of the process from solidifying the sliding surface to closing the entrance tunnel. First, in FIG. 4 (b), which is a sectional view taken along the line bb of FIG. And in (a), the concrete 16 is filled into this tunnel 15. Thus, the sliding surface 11 could be hardened. Next, concrete 17 and 17 are filled into the entrance tunnels 14 and 14.

(a)から明らかなように、進入トンネル14、14に充填したコンクリート17、17は健全な地山(すなわち、すべり面11の外側)に埋設されている。これらのコンクリート17、17が橋脚の役割を果たして、コンクリート16が土止めブリッジの役割を果たして土塊12を地山に繋ぎ止める。   As is clear from (a), the concrete 17 and 17 filled in the entrance tunnels 14 and 14 is buried in a healthy ground (that is, outside the sliding surface 11). These concrete 17 and 17 play the role of a bridge pier, and the concrete 16 plays the role of the earth retaining bridge and connects the mass 12 to the natural ground.

すなわち、本発明は、斜面から土塊がすべり落ちることを防止する地すべり防止方法において、前記土塊のすべり面11を確定するために実施するすべり面調査工程(図3(a))と、得られたすべり面11よりも外側位置(土塊12を避けた位置)にて地表面13から地山10の中心に向かって進入トンネル14を掘る進入トンネル掘削工程(図3(b))と、得られた進入トンネル14の先端から前記すべり面11に沿って本トンネル15を掘る本トンネル掘削工程(図3(b))と、得られた本トンネル15の途中から水平に枝抗19を掘る枝抗掘削工程(図3(c))と、得られた枝抗19及び前記本トンネル15をコンクリート21、16で閉鎖することで、すべり面11を固めるすべり面固化工程(図4(a)、(b))と、前記進入トンネル14をコンクリート17で閉鎖する進入トンネル閉鎖工程(図4(a)、(b))と、からなることを特徴とする。   That is, the present invention provides a slip surface investigation step (FIG. 3 (a)) that is performed in order to determine the slip surface 11 of the soil block in the landslide prevention method for preventing the soil block from sliding off the slope. An approach tunnel excavation step (FIG. 3 (b)) in which the entrance tunnel 14 is dug from the ground surface 13 toward the center of the natural ground 10 at a position outside the slip surface 11 (a position avoiding the mass 12), was obtained. The main tunnel excavation step (FIG. 3B) for excavating the main tunnel 15 from the tip of the entrance tunnel 14 along the sliding surface 11, and the branch anti-excavation for excavating the branch arm 19 horizontally from the middle of the obtained main tunnel 15. Step (FIG. 3 (c)) and the obtained branching arm 19 and the main tunnel 15 are closed with concrete 21 and 16, thereby solidifying the sliding surface 11 (FIGS. 4 (a) and (b). )) And before Entry tunnel closing step of entering the tunnel 14 is closed by the concrete 17 (FIG. 4 (a), (b)), characterized in that it consists of a.

上記地すべり防止方法を実施することにより、本トンネル15がすべり面11に沿っているため、本トンネル15内で人目によりすべり面11の存在及び状態を確認することができる。このような本トンネル15をコンクリート16で閉鎖すれば、すべり面11を確実に固定化することができる。
また、地表面13からすべり面11までの距離が大きいときは、進入トンネル14を延ばすことで対処できるから、施工費用の高騰化を抑えることができる。
By performing the landslide prevention method, since the main tunnel 15 is along the slip surface 11, the presence and state of the slip surface 11 can be confirmed by human eyes in the tunnel 15. If such a main tunnel 15 is closed with concrete 16, the sliding surface 11 can be reliably fixed.
In addition, when the distance from the ground surface 13 to the slip surface 11 is large, it can be dealt with by extending the entrance tunnel 14, so that an increase in construction costs can be suppressed.

次に本発明の別実施例を説明する。
図5は図1の別実施例を説明する図、図6は図5の6−6線断面図であり、すべり面付近の地層が広範囲に破砕されている場合に、好適な例を示す。
すなわち、すべり面11に向かって地表面13から複数本の進入トンネル24を掘る。そして、進入トンネル24の先端からすべり面11に沿って短い本トンネル25を掘る。
次に、本トンネル25をコンクリート26で閉鎖することで、すべり面11を固め、さらに、進入トンネル24をコンクリート27で閉鎖する。
Next, another embodiment of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining another embodiment of FIG. 1, and FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 6-6 of FIG. 5, and shows a preferred example when the stratum near the slip surface is crushed extensively.
That is, a plurality of entrance tunnels 24 are dug from the ground surface 13 toward the sliding surface 11. Then, a short main tunnel 25 is dug along the sliding surface 11 from the tip of the entrance tunnel 24.
Next, the sliding surface 11 is hardened by closing the main tunnel 25 with the concrete 26, and further the entrance tunnel 24 is closed with the concrete 27.

この例においても、本トンネル25がすべり面11に沿っているため、本トンネル25内で人目によりすべり面11の存在及び状態を確認することができる。このような本トンネル25をコンクリート26で閉鎖すれば、すべり面11を確実に固定化することができる。
また、地表面13からすべり面11までの距離が大きいときは、進入トンネル24を延ばすことで対処できるから、施工費用の高騰化を抑えることができる。
Also in this example, since the present tunnel 25 is along the slip surface 11, the presence and state of the slip surface 11 can be confirmed by human eyes in the present tunnel 25. If such a main tunnel 25 is closed with concrete 26, the sliding surface 11 can be reliably fixed.
Further, when the distance from the ground surface 13 to the slip surface 11 is large, it can be dealt with by extending the entrance tunnel 24, so that an increase in construction costs can be suppressed.

尚、本発明は、ダム上流の地山に対する地すべり対策に好適であるが、国道などの道路沿いの傾斜面に施す地すべり対策や住宅の裏山斜面に施す地すべり対策に適用することは差し支えなく、適用箇所は任意である。   Although the present invention is suitable for landslide countermeasures for grounds upstream of the dam, it can be applied to landslide countermeasures applied to slopes along roads such as national roads and landslide countermeasures applied to backside slopes of houses. The location is arbitrary.

本発明は、ダム上流の地山に対する地すべり対策に好適である。   The present invention is suitable for a landslide countermeasure against a natural ground upstream of a dam.

ダム上流の谷の断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the trough of a dam upstream. 図1の2矢視図である。FIG. 2 is a view taken in the direction of arrow 2 in FIG. 1. すべり面調査から本トンネル掘削までの工程説明図である。It is process explanatory drawing from a slip surface investigation to this tunnel excavation. すべり面固化から進入トンネル閉鎖までの工程の工程説明図である。It is process explanatory drawing of the process from slip surface solidification to approach tunnel closure. 図1の別実施例を説明する図である。It is a figure explaining another Example of FIG. 図5の6−6線断面図である。FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line 6-6 of FIG. 従来の技術の基本原理を説明する図である。It is a figure explaining the basic principle of the prior art.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

10…地山、11…すべり面、12…土塊、13…地表面、14、24…進入トンネル、15、25…本トンネル、16、17、21、26、27…コンクリート、19…枝抗。   DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Natural mountain, 11 ... Sliding surface, 12 ... Clot, 13 ... Ground surface, 14, 24 ... Entrance tunnel, 15, 25 ... This tunnel, 16, 17, 21, 26, 27 ... Concrete, 19 ... Branch resistance.

Claims (2)

斜面から土塊がすべり落ちることを防止する地すべり防止方法において、
前記土塊のすべり面を確定するために実施するすべり面調査工程と、
得られたすべり面よりも外側位置にて地表面から地山中心に向かって進入トンネルを掘る進入トンネル掘削工程と、
得られた進入トンネルの先端から前記すべり面に沿って本トンネルを掘る本トンネル掘削工程と、
得られた本トンネルの途中から水平に枝抗を掘る枝抗掘削工程と、
得られた枝抗及び前記本トンネルをコンクリートで閉鎖することで、すべり面を固めるすべり面固化工程と、
前記進入トンネルをコンクリートで閉鎖する進入トンネル閉鎖工程と、からなることを特徴とする地すべり防止方法。
In the landslide prevention method that prevents the lump from falling off the slope,
A slip surface inspection process to be performed to determine the slip surface of the mass;
An approach tunnel excavation process in which an entrance tunnel is excavated from the ground surface toward the center of the natural ground at a position outside the obtained slip surface;
A tunnel excavation step of digging the tunnel along the sliding surface from the tip of the obtained entrance tunnel;
Branch anti-drilling process to dig a branch horizontally from the middle of the obtained tunnel,
By closing the obtained branch and the main tunnel with concrete, a sliding surface solidifying step for solidifying the sliding surface;
A landslide prevention method comprising: an entrance tunnel closing step of closing the entrance tunnel with concrete.
斜面から土塊がすべり落ちることを防止する地すべり防止方法において、
前記土塊のすべり面を確定するために実施するすべり面調査工程と、
得られたすべり面に向かって地表面から進入トンネルを掘る進入トンネル掘削工程と、
得られた進入トンネルの先端から前記すべり面に沿って本トンネルを掘る本トンネル掘削工程と、
得られた前記本トンネルをコンクリートで閉鎖することで、すべり面を固めるすべり面固化工程と、
前記進入トンネルをコンクリートで閉鎖する進入トンネル閉鎖工程と、からなることを特徴とする地すべり防止方法。
In the landslide prevention method that prevents the lump from falling off the slope,
A slip surface inspection process to be performed to determine the slip surface of the mass;
An approach tunnel excavation process for digging an entrance tunnel from the ground surface toward the obtained slip surface,
A tunnel excavation step of digging the tunnel along the sliding surface from the tip of the obtained entrance tunnel;
By closing the obtained tunnel with concrete, a sliding surface solidifying step for solidifying the sliding surface;
A landslide prevention method comprising: an entrance tunnel closing step of closing the entrance tunnel with concrete.
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