JP4731158B2 - Solid culture and solid culture formation method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a solid culture medium and a solid culture medium formation method used for root pot formation at the time of seedling raising in crops such as tobacco used for machine transplantation.

Conventionally, when cultivating crops such as cigarettes, a transplanting method is known in which seeds are cultivated in each cell of a cell tray, and the seedlings in a predetermined growth state are mechanically transplanted to a field with a transplanter etc. together with a root pot. Yes.
In each cell of the cell tray, a plurality of roots extending from the germinated seeds extend toward the floor soil and the cover soil, and a root pot is formed by the entanglement of the plurality of roots with the floor soil and the cover soil. At this time, when the growth of the roots is not sufficient due to a short seedling growing period, a root pot in which the roots are sufficiently entangled with the floor soil and the covering soil is not easily formed. For this reason, when a seedling having such a root pot is extracted from the cell by a seedling extraction mechanism of the transplanter, the floor soil or covering soil collapses and the entire root pot collapses, which causes a seedling extraction mistake or planting. There was a problem that mistakes occurred.

As means for solving such a problem, in Patent Document 1, a solid medium is accommodated in each cell of a cell tray, seeds are placed on the upper surface of the solid medium, and the upper surface of the solid medium and the seeds are covered with soil. A nursery for transplantation having a covering structure has been proposed.
Japanese Patent No. 3536161

  However, in the seedling bed for transplantation of Patent Document 1, the solid medium is only formed in an inverted frustum shape with the upper surface and the lower surface being substantially parallel to each other, so that the seeds sown in each cell of the cell tray are fixed. When the seed is sown at a position deviated from the predetermined position on the mold soil, it is necessary to place the seed again at the predetermined position, which complicates the sowing work. In addition, since the seeds sowed are placed on the upper surface of the solid medium so as to move freely, the seeds move left and right on the upper surface by vibration during transportation. For this reason, dispersion | variation arises in the seeding position of the seed of each cell, and this had the problem that the formation state of a root pot will differ for every cell.

Furthermore, since the movement of the seeds that are sown is restricted by the inner wall of the cell and the filled soil is laterally supported, the solid soil is not accommodated in the cells of the cell tray, and the seeds are placed on the solid soil. There was a problem that seeding work and cover filling work could not be performed, and as a result, the nursery bed could not be transported and stored without being housed in the cell of the cell tray.
Therefore, in view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a solid soil having a simple shape in which seeds can always be placed at an appropriate position and can be transported and stored alone.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for forming a solid soil having a simple shape that can always place seeds at an appropriate position and that can be transported and stored alone.

Specific means for solving the above-described problems according to the present invention are as follows.
First, the solid soil according to the present invention is formed of a solid material that can be solidified, has an outer surface that can be accommodated in a cell of a cell tray, and has a first recess formed in an upper open shape. A second recess for accommodating seeds is formed at the bottom of the first recess.
According to this, since the seed always enters the second concave portion, there is no variation in the seeding position of the seed sown on the solid culture soil, and the seed sown on each solid culture soil is in the second concave portion. It will be placed on the floor.

In addition, according to the solid soil, the seeds can be transported and stored in a seeded state, and the movement of the seeds in the left-right direction is regulated by the second recess, so that the seeds are moved in the left-right direction during transportation. Never move.
In addition, the first concave portion can be filled with a soil covering material having a predetermined nutrient, thereby improving seed growth. In addition, the filling amount of the soil covering material can be made substantially the same as the volume of the first recess, and the seed growth on each solid culture can be made constant.

Furthermore, according to the solid culture medium, the solid culture medium can be transported and stored alone with the seed placed in the second concave portion and the covering material filled in the first concave portion. Transportation and storage conditions are eased.
Secondly, in the solid culture according to the present invention, it is formed of a solid material that can be solidified, has an outer surface that can be accommodated in the cell of the cell tray, and the first recess is formed in an upper open shape at the top. A second recess for receiving seed is formed at the bottom of the first recess, the seed is received in the second recess, and a covering material is filled in the first recess.

According to this, it is possible to transport and store the solid cultivated soil in a state where seed sowing and filling of the covering material are completed. At this time, since the soil covering material is filled in the first concave portion and held by the wall portion of the first concave portion, the soil covering material does not fall from the solid soil during transport of the solid soil. . Similarly, since the seed is covered with the soil covering material while being placed in the second recess, the seed does not move greatly to the left and right when the solid soil is transported.
Thirdly, in the solid culture forming method according to the present invention, the moldable base material is molded so as to have an outer surface that can be accommodated in the cell of the cell tray, and the first concave portion is formed in the upper open shape. Then, a second concave portion for accommodating seeds is formed at the bottom of the first concave portion, seeds are accommodated in the second concave portion, and a covering material is filled in the first concave portion.

  According to this, it is possible to produce a large number of solid cultivated soils in which seeds are placed at predetermined positions and the filling amount of the covering material is substantially constant. In addition, such a solid culture can be formed without being accommodated in a predetermined container such as a cell of a cell tray, and thereby, the solid culture can be produced before being accommodated in a predetermined container. The storing step of storing the solid culture soil in the predetermined container can be excluded from the formation step of the nursery bed provided with seeds and covering material on the solid culture soil.

According to the solid culture soil of the present invention, seeds can always be placed at an appropriate position, and can be transported and stored as a single unit.
In addition, according to the solid culture formation method of the present invention, it is possible to form a solid culture having a simple shape that can always place seeds at an appropriate position and that can be transported and stored alone. Moreover, since the solid soil has a simple shape, it can be easily mass-produced.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention implemented for the formation of tobacco seedlings P with root pots will be described with reference to the drawings.
In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, a seedling growing tool 1 for forming a seedling P with a root pot of tobacco includes a cell tray 2 provided with a plurality of cells 20, and a seedling box 3 that accommodates the cell tray 2. It has.
The cell tray 2 is formed by pressing a thin synthetic resin sheet and includes a large number (for example, 6 × 12 cells) of cells 20 in the vertical and horizontal directions. 21 are connected to each other.

The cell peripheral wall 22 of each cell 20 is formed in a substantially inverted quadrangular pyramid shape, and becomes a tapered wall slightly inclined toward the center axis in the vertical direction of the cell 20 from the upper end opening edge toward the cell bottom wall 23. ing. Further, the corner portion of the cell peripheral wall 22 having a substantially rectangular horizontal cross section perpendicular to the central axis in the vertical direction is chamfered into a convex curve.
4B, the cell bottom wall 23 is flat, and a cell hole 24 for draining water is formed in the center of the cell bottom wall 23. As shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 2, the seedling box 3 is formed by press molding a synthetic resin or metal plate, and has a peripheral wall 31 and a bottom wall 32 that are integrally formed, and is rectangular in plan view and open at the top. It is formed in a shallow box shape.

The peripheral wall 31 is extended from the connecting portion with the bottom wall 32 while being slightly inclined outward, and horizontally on the outer side of the seedling box 3 at the upper end of the peripheral wall 31. A flat plate portion 33 that extends and surrounds the upper end is formed. Further, the bottom wall 32 is formed in a lattice shape in plan view in which a large number of openings 34 are opened vertically and horizontally. The openings 34 are formed as square holes, and between the openings 34 are crosspieces 35 extending vertically and horizontally between the peripheral walls 33.
The solid soil 4 accommodated in the cell 20 of the cell tray 2 is formed of a solid material 40 that can be solidified, has an outer surface that can be accommodated in the cell 20, and has a first recess 41 at the top. A second recess 42 that is formed in an open shape and is to accommodate the seed S is formed at the bottom of the first recess 41.

  In the present embodiment, the cultivating base material 40 is configured by adding a predetermined additive to peat moss containing components necessary for raising seedlings. However, the configuration of the cultivating base material 40 is not limited to this, zeolite, It can also be composed of commonly used materials such as vermiculite, bark compost, rock wool, etc., or those appropriately blended. Cellulose, starch, chitin, chitosan, etc., which are biodegradable materials that are naturally decomposed when placed in soil Polysaccharides, proteins such as gelatin, collagen, zein, wool and silk, cellulose derivatives such as cellulose acetate and semi-synthetic resin, starch derivatives such as rayon, polyethylene succinate and polyethylene succinate as synthetic biodegradable polymers Agitate, polybutylene succinate, polybutylene succinate agitate, poly milk It is also possible to configure the or polymalate from the beginning and polyhydroxy acids and their copolymers, as well as a combination thereof.

Moreover, it is also possible to comprise the said soil culture base material 40 from the porous resin which can grow a seedling. Here, the seedling porous resin refers to a continuous foamed resin, and examples thereof include phenol resin, urea resin, polyvinyl alcohol resin (PVA), vinyl fluoride resin (PVF), and urethane foam.
Also, unbleached or bleached chemical pulp obtained by kraft pulping, sulfite pulping, alkali pulping, etc., or mechanical pulps such as GP, RMP, TMP, CTMP, liquid ammonia treated pulp, mercerization Cellulose base material containing cellulose fiber such as pulp as the main component and water-repellent agent, water-resistant agent, pH adjuster, thickener, preservative, antifungal agent, antibacterial agent, moisturizer, fertilizer, etc. 40 can be configured.

Moreover, it is also possible to comprise the cultivating base material 40 from woody bark or wood chips such as cedar and cypress, fruit fibers such as coconut shells, and those obtained by appropriately blending the fruit fibers and starch.
As shown in FIG. 1, the solid soil 4 of this embodiment has an inverted quadrangular frustum-shaped outer shape so as to be fitted to each cell 20 of the cell tray 2, and its outer peripheral wall 43 is formed of the cell peripheral wall. The taper wall is slightly inclined toward the center side of the solid soil 4 as it goes from above to below so as to abut against 22.
Further, the corner portion of the outer peripheral wall 43 is chamfered in a convex curve shape, and the bottom surface 44 of the solid culture soil 4 is formed flat so as to contact the cell bottom wall 23.

The first concave portion 41 has a mortar-shaped inclined portion 41 b inclined downward from the upper end edge 41 a toward the bottom portion of the first concave portion 41, and a second concave portion 42 is formed at the bottom of the first concave portion 41. Is formed.
In addition, the second recess 42 is formed in a hollow shape in a substantially central portion of the upper portion of the solid culture medium 4 in plan view, and the lower end edge 41 c of the first recess 41 is aligned with the opening edge 42 a of the second recess 42. I'm doing it.
In addition, the length from the upper end edge 41a of the first recess 41 to the bottom of the second recess 42 is preferably about 5 mm to 15 mm in consideration of the embedding depth of the seed S sowed in the second recess 42, The opening width of the second recess 42 is preferably about 2 mm to 15 mm in consideration of the flooring state of the seed S.

The present embodiment is configured as described above. Next, a method for forming the solid soil 4 will be described with reference to FIG.
First, as shown in (a), a predetermined amount of the culture base material 40 is placed on a female die 51 formed in an inverted quadrangular pyramid shape substantially the same as the shape of the cell 20 of the cell tray 2 in which the solid soil 4 is to be accommodated. throw into.
Note that the cell tray 20 may be employed as the female mold 51.
Then, as shown in (b), the male mold 52 is pressed toward the cultivating base material 40 in each female mold 51. The male mold 52 includes an inclined forming portion 53 formed in a substantially inverted quadrangular pyramid shape so as to form the inclined portion 41 b of the first concave portion 41 of the solid culture medium 4, and includes the second concave portion 42 of the solid culture medium 4. By providing the convex portion 54 to be formed at the lower end of the inclined forming portion 53 and holding the male mold 52 against the soil base material 40 in the female die 51 for a predetermined time, the culture base material 40 It is condensed, solidified, and molded into the shape of the mold formed by the female mold 51 and the male mold 52 by the pressure applied by the female mold 51 and the male mold 52, the chemical change with time of the soil base material components, and the like. Become.

Then, as shown in (c), by removing the condensed, solidified, and molded medium base material 40 from the female mold 51 and the male mold 52, the solid medium 4 formed in a predetermined shape is formed. is there.
Next, a seedling raising method using the solid soil 4 will be described with reference to FIG.
First, the solid soil 4 of (a) formed by the above method is housed in the cell 20 of the cell tray 2 housed in the seedling box 3 as shown in (b). Next, the seedling box 3 containing the cell tray 2 is transported by a transport mechanism of a seeding machine (not shown), and the seed S of the tobacco is transferred to the cell tray 2 using the spot seeding mechanism of the seeding machine as shown in (c). Sowing toward the solid culture medium 4 in each cell 20 from above. At this time, the seed S is sown by aiming at the second concave portion 42 of the solid soil 4 by the spot seeding mechanism. Even when the seed S is removed, the seed S is at least the first concave portion 41. Dropped. Here, since the 1st recessed part 41 has the inclination part 41b connected with the 2nd recessed part 42, the seed S dropped by the 1st recessed part 41 rolls down on this inclination part 41b, and is 2nd recessed part. 42.

At this time, the seed S is supported by a convex portion such as a fiber slightly protruding from the inclined portion 41b of the first concave portion 41, and thus the seed S may be locked in the first concave portion 41. Even in this case, the seed S moves up and down and left and right due to vibrations of the transfer mechanism of the seeding machine, so that the balanced state between the convex part and the seed S is lost, and the support state of the seed S by the convex part is eliminated. As a result, the seed S rolls down the inclined portion 41b and is accommodated in the second recess 42 before the next step is performed on the solid soil 4.
In addition, once the seed S is accommodated in the second recess 42, the movement in the left-right direction is restricted by the wall portion of the second recess 42. Therefore, the seed accommodated in the second recess 42 does not move outward of the second recess 42 due to the vibration or the like.

  And as shown in (d), the soil covering material 5 is filled into the 1st recessed part 41 of the solid soil 4 by the soil covering mechanism. Here, the soil covering material 5 is composed of a common material alone such as red crust, mulch, black soil, vermiculite, pearlite or the like, and a predetermined amount of these materials, and has a predetermined water permeability. The bitterness with the solid cultivating soil 4 is improved, and is supplied by an amount substantially equal to the volume of the first recess 41. Thereafter, the soil covering material 5 is leveled so that the upper surface of the soil covering material 5 is substantially flush with the upper surface of the cell upper wall 21 of the cell tray 2 by a soil leveling mechanism or the like of the soil covering mechanism.

By the above operation, a nursery bed is formed in the cell 20 of the cell tray 2, and after irrigating the nursery bed, the nursery bed is accommodated in a nursery facility (not shown) and used for raising seedlings for a required period. . Thereby, as shown in (e), a seedling P with a tobacco root pot is formed in each cell 20.
The seedling P with a root pot grown in the seedling facility is transplanted to a cocoon in the field. At the time of such transplantation, the cell 20 and the seedling P with the root pot are separated from each other by a seedling extraction mechanism of a transplanting machine (not shown), and the seedling P with the root pot is planted in the cocoon by the planting mechanism.

At this time, since the tips and fine roots of the plurality of roots R grown are covered with the solid soil 4 and the soil covering material 5, the plurality of roots R and fine roots are the seedling extraction mechanism, planting mechanism, etc. The transplanting operation of the seedlings P with root pots by the transplanter does not adversely affect the growth of the plurality of roots R of the seedlings P with root pots after transplanting.
Moreover, since the root pot of the seedling P with the root pot is formed by the solid culture soil 4 and the covering material 5 as described above, the root pot does not collapse by the seedling extraction mechanism or the planting mechanism. There is no possibility that mistakes in extracting the seedlings P with root pots and planting mistakes by the transplanter will occur.

According to the present embodiment, the seed S sowed toward the upper part of the solid culture soil 4 is placed in the second recess 42, so that the seed sowing position of the seed S seeded on the solid culture medium 4 Variations will not occur.
Moreover, the growth of the seed S can be improved by filling the first concave portion 41 of the solid soil 4 with the covering material 5 having a predetermined nutrient. Moreover, the filling amount of the soil covering material 5 can be made substantially the same as the volume of the first recess 41, and the growing state of the seedlings in each cell 20 in a predetermined growing period can be made constant. .

Moreover, according to the solid soil 4 of the present embodiment, the seed S is sown in the second recess 42 in the state of FIG. 4A, so that the seed S can be transported and stored in the sown state. it can. Moreover, since the movement of the seed S in the left-right direction is restricted by the second recess 42, the seed S does not move in the left-right direction when the solid soil 4 is transported.
Further, since the seed S is placed in the second concave portion 42 of the solid culture medium 4 so that the seed S is positioned at a substantially central part of the solid culture medium 4 in a plan view, the position of the seed S being germinated and growing. Thus, the rooting position becomes clear, which makes it easy to examine the structure of the seedling feeding mechanism, the planting mechanism, and the like configured assuming the positions of the seed S and the root R.

In addition, the seedling removal position by the transplanter with respect to each cell 20 is substantially constant, the structure of the seedling feeding mechanism, the planting mechanism, etc. can be further simplified, and the cost of the transplanter can be reduced. It is done.
Further, as shown in FIG. 5, the solid soil 4 of the present embodiment has a seedling formation state in which the seed S is accommodated in the second recess 42 of the solid soil 4 and the covering material 5 is accommodated in the first recess 41. Can be transported and stored, and can be formed in such a state before being accommodated in the cell 20 of the cell tray 2.

As shown in FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (b), the solid soil formation method for bringing the solid culture soil 4 into the above-mentioned nursery bed formation state accommodates the solid culture soil 4 in a predetermined support case (not shown). Then, the case is transported by the transporting mechanism of the seeding machine, and the seed S is sown in the second recess 42 by the spot seeding mechanism of the seeding machine. Thereafter, by filling the first concave portion 41 with the covering material 5 by the soil covering mechanism of the seeder, the solid soil 4 is formed in a nursery bed formation state as shown in FIG.
According to the solid soil 4, a seedling bed forming state in which the seed S is placed in the second recess 42 and the covering material 5 is filled in the first recess 41 without being accommodated in the cell 20 of the cell tray 2 is formed. Can do. For this reason, it is possible to transport and store the solid soil 4 in a state where the nursery bed is formed, so that the conditions for transporting and storing the solid soil 4 are relaxed. Of course, it is also possible to transport and store the solid culture soil 4 in a state of being accommodated in the cell 20 of the cell tray 2.

Further, by storing the solid culture soil 4 in the state of raising the seedling bed in the cell 20 of the cell tray 2 as shown in FIG. 6 (d), as shown in FIG. P can be formed. Then, by forming a plurality of the solid culture media 4 and storing these solid culture media 4 in each cell 20 of the cell tray, the formation state of the seedlings P with root pots in each cell 20 is made substantially constant. It can be done.
Needless to say, the seedlings P with root pots can be formed without accommodating the solid soil 4 in the cells 20 of the cell tray 2.

As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was explained in full detail, this invention is not limited to said embodiment. For example, as shown in FIG. 7, it is possible to adopt a configuration in which a flat portion 45 is provided between the upper end edge 41 a of the first recess 41 of the solid soil 4 and the upper end edge of the outer peripheral surface 43.
Further, as shown in FIG. 8, the first concave portion 41 of the solid cultivating soil 4 has a shape curved in a lower chord shape toward the central portion, and the second concave portion 42 is provided in a mortar shape at the bottom of the first concave portion 41. It is also possible to adopt a configuration. Moreover, when the 1st recessed part 41 is formed in the cone shape similar to the horizontal cross-sectional shape of the solid soil 4, or when it forms in a cone shape, it has the same effect as this Embodiment.

Moreover, it is also possible to form the 1st recessed part 41 and the 2nd recessed part 42 of the solid soil 4 in the shape provided with the mortar-shaped inclination part, Furthermore, the inclination angle with respect to the horizontal surface of the inclined part of the 1st recessed part 41 It is also possible to adopt a configuration in which the inclined portion of the inclined portion of the second concave portion 42 with respect to the horizontal plane is made the same, and the first concave portion 41 and the second concave portion 42 are substantially flush.
Further, the first concave portion 41 and the second concave portion 42 of the solid soil 4 can be formed in a stepped shape or the like by a combination of a vertical portion, a horizontal portion, an inclined portion, and a curved portion, and seeded in the first concave portion 41. As long as the seed S does not fall from the solid soil 4 and is accommodated in the second recess 42, the first recess 41 and the second recess 42 may be formed in any shape. Absent.

In addition, the solid soil 4 preferably has a shape that fits into the cell 20 of the cell tray 2, but has a shape other than this shape, for example, a prismatic shape, a cylindrical shape, a hemispherical shape, or the like. As long as it has a size that can be accommodated in the cell 20 of the cell tray 2, it may be formed in any shape. The space between the cell peripheral wall 22 and the cell bottom wall 23 and the outer peripheral surface 43 and the bottom surface 44 of the solid soil 4 generated when the solid soil 4 having such a shape is accommodated in the cell 20 is filled with the soil covering material 5 or the like. It is done.
In addition, the above-mentioned cultivated base material constituting material may be formed into a mat shape by solidifying, non-woven fabric, woven fabric, or thinned layers as necessary. .

Moreover, the above-described embodiment can be employed for crops other than tobacco, for example, crops such as cabbage, Chinese cabbage, lettuce, and onion.
The cell tray 2 can be made of metal, cloth, or paper, and the cell arrangement can be, for example, 8 × 16, 10 × 20, 12 × 24, etc. . Also in the shape of each cell 20, for example, a pyramid shape, a cone shape, a prism shape, a columnar shape, a hemispherical shape, or the like may be adopted.

It is a perspective view which shows the solid culture soil of this invention. It is a perspective view which fractures | ruptures and shows a solid soil and a seedling box. It is sectional drawing which shows the formation process of solid soil. It is sectional drawing which shows the seedling raising process using solid culture soil. It is sectional drawing which arranged the seed and the soil covering material in the solid culture soil of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the seedling raising process using solid culture soil. It is sectional drawing which shows other embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows other embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Seedling tool 2 Cell tray 3 Seedling box 4 Solid culture 40 Soil base material 41 1st recessed part 41a Upper end edge 41b Inclined part 41c Lower end edge 42 2nd recessed part 42a Upper end edge 5 Covering material 51 Female type 52 Male type P Seed with root pot S seed

Claims (2)

A solid soil that is solid and can be accommodated in the cell (20) of the cell tray (2),
The outer surface is formed in a substantially inverted truncated pyramid shape that is substantially the same shape as the cell peripheral wall (22) of the cell (20), and has an inclined portion (41b) that inclines in a mortar shape from the upper edge (41a) toward the bottom at the top. An upper open first recess (41) is formed, and a second recess (42) in which the seed (S) is to be accommodated is formed at the bottom of the first recess (41). Growing soil. A solid culture formation method for forming a solid culture that is solid and can be accommodated in the cell (20) of the cell tray (2),
A predetermined amount of a soil base material (40) that can be solidified is put into a female mold (51) having a substantially inverted truncated pyramid shape that is substantially the same shape as the cell peripheral wall (22) of the cell (20),
The male mold (52) is pressed from the top against the soil base material (40) in the female mold (51), and in a mortar shape from the upper edge (41a) toward the bottom on the top of the soil base material (40). An upper open first recessed portion (41) having an inclined inclined portion (41b) and a second recessed portion (42) capable of accommodating seed (S) at the bottom of the first recessed portion (41) are simultaneously formed. solid soil forming method comprising to Rukoto.

Images