JP4728097B2 - Compressor - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a compressor.

  For example, a compressor disclosed in Patent Document 1 includes a cylinder block having a plurality of cylinder bores along the circumferential direction, a front head joined to the front end surface of the cylinder block to form a crank chamber therein, and a rear of the cylinder block. And a rear head that is joined to the end face via a valve plate and forms a suction chamber and a discharge chamber therein.

The valve plate is provided with a suction hole that communicates the cylinder bore and the suction chamber, and a discharge hole that communicates the cylinder bore and the discharge chamber. A plate-like rotary valve slidably stacked on the valve plate is disposed in the suction chamber, and the suction hole of the valve plate opens and closes as the rotary valve rotates. The crank chamber is provided with a cam mechanism that converts the rotation of the drive shaft into the reciprocating motion of the piston, whereby the piston reciprocates within the cylinder bore when the drive shaft rotates. When the piston reciprocates, the refrigerant is sucked into the cylinder bore from the suction chamber, and the sucked refrigerant is compressed in the cylinder bore and finally discharged from the cylinder bore to the discharge chamber.
JP-A-8-144946 FIGS. 6, 9, and 12 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-61239, FIGS.

  In this type of compressor, if the rotary valve is not in close contact with the valve plate, the high-pressure refrigerant during the compression stroke is transferred from the cylinder bore to the cylinder bore → the suction hole → between the opposed surfaces of the valve plate and the rotary valve → Leakage into the suction chamber will reduce the compression efficiency. Therefore, in this type of compressor, the adhesion between the valve plate and the rotary valve becomes a problem.

  The present invention has been made based on such a conventional technique, and an object of the present invention is to provide a compressor having good adhesion between a valve plate and a rotary valve.

The invention according to claim 1 is a compressor, comprising: a valve plate having a suction hole that partitions the suction chamber and the cylinder bore and communicates the suction chamber and the cylinder bore; and the valve plate A through-hole formed in the through-hole, a drive shaft extending to the suction chamber through the through-hole of the valve plate and rotatable, a stopper fixed to the drive shaft in the suction chamber, and an integral with the drive shaft And a substantially plate-like rotary valve that opens and closes the suction hole of the valve plate along with the integral rotation with the drive shaft,
The rotary valve is disposed in the suction chamber in a state of being separated from the peripheral wall of the suction chamber , and is slidable in the axial direction with respect to the drive shaft and biased toward the valve plate by an elastic member held by the stopper. It is characterized by being.

  A second aspect of the present invention is the compressor according to the first aspect, wherein a sealing member having slidability at a peripheral portion of the suction hole is provided on a contact surface of the valve plate with the rotary valve. It is provided.

  The invention according to claim 3 is the compressor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the rotary valve is fitted to the drive shaft so as to be slidable in the axial direction and relatively rotatable. The stopper is connected to the stopper so as to be slidable in the axial direction and not to be rotatable relative to the stopper.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a compressor having a cylinder block having a cylinder bore into which a piston is reciprocally fitted, and a crank chamber joined to the front end surface of the cylinder block and communicating with the cylinder bore. A front head that forms a suction chamber and a discharge chamber, and a rear head that is joined to a rear end surface of the cylinder block via a valve plate, and is formed in the valve plate. A suction hole that communicates, a discharge hole that is provided in the valve plate and communicates the discharge chamber and the cylinder bore, and extends through the cylinder block and the valve plate to the crank chamber and the suction chamber. An existing rotatable drive shaft, and a cam mechanism for converting the rotation of the drive shaft into a reciprocating motion of the piston; Serial and stopper fixed to the drive shaft in the suction chamber, wherein disposed in the suction chamber in a state of being separated from the suction chamber wall, wherein the drive shaft and integrally with slidable in the axial direction with respect to the drive shaft A substantially plate-like rotary valve that rotates and is urged against the valve plate by an elastic member held by the stopper, and opens and closes the suction hole of the valve plate in accordance with the integral rotation with the drive shaft; It is characterized by providing.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, the rotary valve is securely brought into close contact with the valve plate, so that the high-pressure compressed medium compressed in the cylinder bore becomes the cylinder bore → the suction hole → the gap between the valve plate and the rotary valve → Leakage into the suction chamber is reduced and compression efficiency is improved.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, when the compression pressure in the cylinder bore becomes an abnormally high pressure, the rotary valve can be separated from the valve plate and the high-pressure compressed medium can be released to the suction chamber. .

  According to the first aspect of the invention, unlike the conventional structure, the elastic member is held by the stopper so that it does not come into contact with the housing of the compressor. Therefore, the vibration of the rotary valve is applied to the compressor housing via the elastic member. It is prevented from being transmitted. Thereby, sound vibration property improves.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, since the compressor according to the first aspect is provided with the slidable sealing member at the peripheral edge of the suction hole of the valve plate, the compression stroke or the discharge The high-pressure medium to be compressed from the cylinder bore in the process further leaks from the cylinder bore → the suction hole → the gap between the valve plate and the rotary valve → the suction chamber, and the compression efficiency is further improved.

  According to the invention of claim 3, with a simple structure, the rotary valve is slidable in the axial direction with respect to the drive shaft and rotates integrally with the drive shaft.

  According to the invention of claim 4, the same effect as that of claim 1 can be obtained.

  Hereinafter, a compressor according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

"Overall structure of compressor"
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a compressor according to an embodiment.

  The compressor 1 of this embodiment is a swash plate type variable capacity compressor as shown in FIG. The compressor 1 is joined to the front end face of the cylinder block 2 having a plurality of cylinder bores 3 (see FIG. 3) arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, and communicates with the cylinder bore 3 inside. A front head 4 that forms the crank chamber 5 and a rear head 6 that is joined to the rear end surface of the cylinder block 2 via a valve plate 9 and that forms a suction chamber 7 and a discharge chamber 8 therein. The cylinder block 2, the front head 4 and the rear head 6 are fastened and fixed by a plurality of through bolts 13 to constitute a housing of the entire compressor.

  A gasket 53 (see FIG. 3) is interposed between the valve plate 9 and the rear head 6 so that the airtightness of the suction chamber 7 and the discharge chamber 8 is maintained. Further, a gasket 54 (see FIG. 3) is interposed between the valve plate 9 and the cylinder block 2 so that the sealing performance of the cylinder bore 3 is maintained.

  The valve plate 9 is formed in a disc shape, and includes a suction hole 11 that communicates the cylinder bore 3 and the suction chamber 7, and a discharge hole 12 that communicates the cylinder bore 3 and the discharge chamber 8.

  As will be described in detail later, a suction valve mechanism 70 for opening and closing the suction hole 11 in the suction chamber 7 is provided on the rear head 6 side of the valve plate 9, and a discharge valve for opening and closing the discharge hole 12 in the discharge chamber 8. A mechanism 60 is provided.

  A drive shaft 10 is pivotally supported via radial bearings 15 and 19 in the central through holes 14 and 18 at the centers of the cylinder block 2 and the front head 4, so that the drive shaft 10 can freely rotate in the crank chamber 5. Yes.

  A thrust bearing 20 is interposed between the front end surface of the rotor 21 fixed to the drive shaft 10 in the crank chamber 5 and the inner wall surface of the front head 4, and is fixed to the central through hole 14 of the cylinder block 2. A thrust bearing 16 is interposed between the adjusting screw 17 and the stepped surface formed on the drive shaft 10. Thereby, the movement to the axial direction of the drive shaft 10 is controlled.

  A cam mechanism that converts the rotation of the drive shaft 10 into the reciprocating motion of the piston 29 is provided in the crank chamber 5. The cam mechanism includes a rotor 21 as a rotary member fixed to the drive shaft 10, a rotary swash plate 24 that is slidable and tiltable in the axial direction with respect to the drive shaft 10, and the rotor 21 and the rotary tilt. A coupling mechanism 40 that couples the plate 24 and transmits the rotational torque of the rotor 21 to the rotary swash plate 24 while allowing fluctuations in the tilt angle of the rotary swash plate 24. A piston 29 is connected to the outer peripheral portion of the rotating swash plate 24 via a pair of hemispherical piston shoes 30, 30. When the rotating swash plate 24 rotates, the piston 29 moves according to the inclination angle of the rotating swash plate 24. Reciprocates within the cylinder bore 3. By the reciprocating motion of the piston 29, the refrigerant in the suction chamber 7 is sucked into the cylinder bore 3 through the suction hole 11 of the valve plate 9 and then compressed in the cylinder bore 3, and the compressed refrigerant is discharged into the discharge hole 12 of the valve plate 9. Through the discharge chamber 8.

  When the rotating swash plate 24 moves closer to the cylinder block 2 against the return spring 52, the inclination angle of the rotating swash plate 24 decreases, while the rotating swash plate 24 moves from the cylinder block 2 against the destroke pulling 51. When it moves away, the inclination angle of the rotary swash plate 24 increases.

"Control of variable capacity"
In order to change the discharge capacity of the refrigerant, the piston stroke is changed by changing the inclination angle of the rotary swash plate 24. More specifically, the piston stroke is changed by changing the tilt angle of the rotary swash plate 24 by the differential pressure (pressure balance) between the crank chamber pressure Pc on the rear surface side of the piston 29 and the suction chamber pressure Ps on the front surface side of the piston 29. Let Therefore, this variable capacity compressor is provided with a pressure control mechanism. The pressure control mechanism includes an extraction passage (not shown) that connects the crank chamber 5 and the suction chamber 7, an air supply passage (not shown) that connects the crank chamber 5 and the discharge chamber 8, and the air supply passage. , And a control valve 33 that controls opening and closing of the air supply passage.

  When the air supply passage is opened by the control valve 33, a high-pressure refrigerant gas flows from the discharge chamber 8 through the air supply passage to the crank chamber 5, thereby increasing the pressure in the crank chamber 5. When the pressure in the crank chamber 5 rises, the rotary swash plate 24 moves closer to the cylinder block 2 and its inclination angle decreases, so that the piston stroke becomes smaller and the discharge amount decreases.

  On the other hand, when the air supply passage is closed by the control valve 33, the refrigerant gas is constantly discharged into the suction chamber 7 through the extraction passage into the crank chamber 5, so that the pressure difference between the suction chamber 7 and the crank chamber 5 gradually disappears. Equalize pressure. Then, the rotary swash plate 24 moves in a direction away from the cylinder block 2 and its inclination angle increases, the piston stroke increases, and the discharge amount increases.

"Valve mechanism"
Next, the valve mechanisms 60 and 70 will be described.

First, the discharge valve mechanism 60 will be described with reference to FIGS. The discharge valve mechanism 60 includes a discharge valve plate 61. The discharge valve plate 61 is sandwiched between the valve plate 9 and the rear head 6 as shown in FIGS. The discharge valve plate 61 is formed of an elastic flexible thin plate (for example, a metal thin plate), and has a reed valve portion 63 at a position corresponding to the discharge hole 12. The reed valve part 63 closes the discharge hole 12 when the inside of the cylinder bore 3 is below a predetermined pressure, and opens the discharge hole 12 when the inside of the cylinder bore 3 exceeds a predetermined pressure. That is, the reed valve portion 63 closes the discharge hole 12 during the intake stroke and the compression stroke, and opens the discharge hole 12 in the discharge process at the final stage of the compression stroke. The open limit position of the reed valve portion 63 is regulated by a stopper portion 65 provided on the gasket 53.
Next, the suction valve mechanism 70 will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS.

  The suction valve mechanism 70 includes a rotary valve 71, a stopper 73, and an elastic member (in this example, a coil spring 75 as a spring member). The rotary valve 71, the stopper 73, and the coil spring 75 are all arranged in the suction chamber 7, as shown in FIG.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the rotary valve 71 includes a cylindrical boss portion 71 a and a substantially disc-shaped main body portion 71 b protruding from the boss portion 71 a toward the outer periphery.

  The boss portion 71a of the rotary valve 71 is externally fitted to the outer peripheral surface of the drive shaft 10 that passes through the central through-hole 81 of the valve plate 9 and extends to the suction chamber 7, whereby the rotary valve 71 is connected to the drive shaft. 10 is slidable in the axial direction and circumferential direction. The main body 71b of the rotary valve 71 is formed with a long hole-shaped valve opening 71c extending in an arc shape (see FIG. 4A).

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 6, the stopper 73 includes a cylindrical boss portion 73 a and a disk-like flange portion 73 b protruding from the boss portion 73 a in the outer diameter direction. The boss 73a of the stopper 73 is fixed to the axial end 10a of the drive shaft 10 by a bolt 77 as a fastening means, whereby the stopper 73 rotates integrally with the drive shaft 10. 6 and 7, the axial end 10a of the drive shaft 10 is configured as a hexagonal fitting portion 10a, while the inner peripheral surface of the boss 73a of the stopper 73 is fitted to the drive shaft. It is configured as a hexagonal fitting hole 73c that fits with the joint portion 10a.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 6, a pair of arms 73 d protruding from the boss portion 73 a of the stopper 73 toward the boss portion 71 a of the rotary valve 71 is provided. Between the arm 73d and the boss 73a of the rotary valve, there are provided rotation transmission surfaces 71e and 73e that face each other and transmit the rotation of the stopper 73 to the rotary valve 71. Thereby, the rotary valve 71 rotates integrally with the drive shaft 10 via the stopper 73.

  As shown in FIG. 2, a coil spring 75 is compressed and held between the flange portion 73 b of the stopper 73 and the main body portion 71 b of the rotary valve 71. Thereby, the rotary valve 71 is always in close contact with the valve plate 9 while being urged.

  As shown in FIGS. 5A to 5C, when the rotary valve 71 rotates in close contact with the valve plate 9, the valve opening 71 c of the rotary valve 71 sequentially opens the suction holes 11 of the valve plate 9. . The opening timing of the suction hole 11 is set so as to synchronize with the suction process of the piston 29.

  As shown in FIG. 2, a seal member 79 having slidability is disposed along the peripheral edge of the suction hole 11 on the contact surface of the valve plate 9 with the rotary valve 71, whereby the valve plate 9 and the rotary valve are arranged. The sealability between the two is ensured while the wear and heat generation between the two and 71 are suppressed.

"effect"
Next, the effects of this embodiment are listed.

  (1) The compressor 1 of the present embodiment includes a valve plate 9 having a suction hole 11 that partitions the suction chamber 7 and the cylinder bore 3 and communicates the suction chamber 7 and the cylinder bore 3. A drive shaft 10 that extends to the suction chamber 7 side through a through-hole 81 that is formed so as to penetrate therethrough, and a stopper 73 that is fixed to the drive shaft 10 in the suction chamber 7 and rotates integrally with the drive shaft 10. A substantially plate-like rotary valve 71 that rotates integrally with the drive shaft 10 and opens and closes the suction hole 11 of the valve plate 9 along with the integral rotation with the drive shaft 10. A valve plate is mounted by an elastic member (in this example, a coil spring 75 as a spring member) that is mounted on the drive shaft 10 so as to be slidable in the axial direction and is held by a stopper 73. It is urged to 9.

  That is, the rotary valve 71 is slidable in the axial direction with respect to the drive shaft 10, rotates integrally with the drive shaft 10, and is urged toward the valve plate 9 by the elastic member 75. Therefore, the rotary valve 71 is securely brought into close contact with the valve plate 9, so that the high-pressure compressed medium compressed in the cylinder bore 3 becomes a gap between the cylinder bore 3 → the suction hole 11 → the valve plate 9 and the rotary valve 71 → Leakage into the suction chamber 7 is reduced, and compression efficiency is improved.

  In addition, when the pressure in the cylinder bore 3 becomes excessive, the rotary valve 71 can be separated from the valve plate 9 and the excessively high pressure medium in the cylinder bore 3 can be released to the suction chamber 7. That is, the compressor 1 of this embodiment is provided with a safety function when the cylinder bore 3 is in an abnormally high pressure state.

  Further, unlike the prior art (for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-144946, FIGS. 3, 6, 9, 12 and the like), the coil spring 75 is not in contact with the rear head 6, so that the vibration of the rotary valve 71 passes through the coil spring 75. Thus, transmission to the rear head 6 is prevented. Thereby, in the compressor 1 of this embodiment, sound vibration property improves.

  Further, since the stopper 73 of the coil spring 75 rotates integrally with the rotary valve 9, the coil spring and the rotary bubble are not moved as in the prior art (for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-144946, FIGS. 3, 6, 9, and 12). It is not necessary to arrange a thrust bearing between the coil spring and the stopper. Therefore, an expensive thrust bearing is not necessary, and the cost can be reduced.

  (2) Further, according to the compressor 1 of the present embodiment, since the seal member 79 having slidability is disposed at the peripheral edge of the suction hole 11 of the valve plate 9, the cylinder bore 3 → the suction hole 11 → the valve plate 9 and the rotary valve 71, the refrigerant leaks further into the suction chamber 7 and the compression efficiency is further improved.

  (3) Further, according to the compressor 1 of the present embodiment, the rotary valve 71 is fitted to the drive shaft 10 so as to be slidable and relatively rotatable in the axial direction and to the stopper 73 in the axial direction. They are slidable and connected so as not to rotate relative to each other. Therefore, with a simple configuration, the valve plate 9 rotates integrally with the drive shaft 10 while being slidable in the axial direction with respect to the drive shaft 10.

  Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment.

  For example, the axial end portion 10a of the drive shaft and the fitting hole 73c of the stopper may be a polygon other than the hexagon shown in FIG. 7, and the cross-sectional shape is a spline shape as in the second embodiment shown in FIG. It may be.

  In the above-described embodiment, the rotary valve 71 is fitted to the drive shaft 10 so as to be slidable in the axial direction and relatively rotatable, and is slidable in the axial direction with respect to the stopper 73 and is not relatively rotatable. By being connected to each other, the rotary valve 71 rotates integrally with the drive shaft 10 in a state in which the rotary valve 71 is slidable in the axial direction with respect to the drive shaft 10. The stopper 73 may be engaged with the drive shaft 10 so as to be slidable in the axial direction and not relatively rotatable. For example, when the rotation of the drive shaft 10 is directly transmitted to the rotary valve 71 without using the stopper 73 in this way, the drive shaft 10 is provided with a non-circular slide guide portion having the same cross-sectional shape in the axial direction and the rotary shaft 71. By providing the valve 71 with a fitting hole for fitting with the slide guide portion, the rotary valve 71 can be slid in the axial direction with respect to the drive shaft 10 and can be mounted in a relatively non-rotatable manner. Note that it is preferable that the slide guide portion and the fitting hole are easily formed if the cross-sectional shape is a regular polygon (for example, a regular hexagon) or a spline shape.

  In the above-described embodiment, a swash-type swash plate (rotary swash plate 24) is used. However, a wobble-type swash plate (non-rotational swash plate) may be used in the present invention.

  In the above-described embodiment, the swash plate 24 is directly attached to the drive shaft 10. However, the swash plate 24 may be attached to the drive shaft 10 via a sleeve.

  Moreover, the connection mechanism 40 is not limited to the structure of this embodiment.

  The present invention can be implemented in various other modes within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a compressor according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the vicinity of the suction valve mechanism of the compressor. FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view illustrating a stacked state of a cylinder bore, a valve plate, and a rotary valve of the compressor. 4A is a front view of a rotary valve of the compressor, and FIG. 4B is a front view of a valve plate of the compressor. FIGS. 5A to 5C are views for explaining opening and closing of the suction hole when the rotary valve rotates with respect to the valve plate. FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view of the suction valve mechanism. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line VII-VII in FIG. 2 and shows a fitting structure between the stopper and the drive shaft. FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. 7 showing a modification of the fitting structure between the stopper and the drive shaft.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Compressor 2 ... Cylinder block 3 ... Cylinder bore 4 ... Front head 5 ... Crank chamber 6 ... Rear head 7 ... Suction chamber 8 ... Discharge chamber 9 ... Valve plate 10 ... Drive shaft 11 ... Suction hole 12 ... Discharge hole 14 ... Center through Mouth (through hole)
21 ... Rotor (cam mechanism)
24 ... Rotating swash plate (cam mechanism)
29 ... Piston 30 ... Piston shoe (cam mechanism)
40. Connection mechanism (cam mechanism)
70 ... Suction valve mechanism 71 ... Rotary valve 73 ... Stopper 75 ... Coil spring (spring member, elastic member)
79 ... Seal member 81 ... Central through hole (through hole)

Claims (4)

A valve plate (9) having a suction hole (11) that partitions the suction chamber (7) and the cylinder bore (3) and communicates the suction chamber (7) and the cylinder bore (3);
A through hole (81) formed through the valve plate (9);
A rotatable drive shaft (10) extending to the suction chamber (7) through the valve plate through-hole (81);
A stopper (73) fixed to the drive shaft (10) in the suction chamber (7);
A substantially plate-like rotary valve that rotates integrally with the drive shaft (10) and opens and closes the suction hole (11) of the valve plate (9) with the integral rotation with the drive shaft (10). 71)
With
The rotary valve (71) is disposed in the suction chamber in a state of being separated from the peripheral wall of the suction chamber , and is an elastic member that is slidable in the axial direction with respect to the drive shaft (10) and held by the stopper (73). The compressor is biased toward the valve plate (9) by (75). The compressor according to claim 1,
The contact surface of the valve plate (9) with the rotary valve (71) is provided with a slidable seal member (79) at the periphery of the suction hole (11). Compressor. The compressor according to claim 1 or 2,
The rotary valve (71) is slidable in the axial direction relative to the drive shaft (10) and is relatively rotatably fitted, and is slidable in the axial direction relative to the stopper (73) and relatively rotated. A compressor characterized by being impossible to connect. A cylinder block (2) having a cylinder bore (3) into which a piston (29) is reciprocally fitted; and
A front head (4) joined to the front end face of the cylinder block (2) and forming a crank chamber (5) communicating with the cylinder bore (3) inside;
A rear head (6) joined to the rear end surface of the cylinder block (2) via a valve plate (9) and forming a suction chamber (7) and a discharge chamber (8) therein;
A suction hole (11) provided in the valve plate (9) for communicating the suction chamber (7) and the cylinder bore (3);
A discharge hole (12) provided in the valve plate (9) and communicating the discharge chamber (8) and the cylinder bore (3);
A rotatable drive shaft (10) extending through the cylinder block (2) and the valve plate (9) and extending between the crank chamber (5) and the suction chamber (7);
A cam mechanism (21, 24, 40) for converting the rotation of the drive shaft (10) into a reciprocating motion of the piston (29);
A stopper (73) fixed to the drive shaft (10) in the suction chamber (7);
The stopper (73) is disposed in the suction chamber in a state of being separated from the peripheral wall of the suction chamber, and rotates integrally with the drive shaft (10) while being slidable in the axial direction with respect to the drive shaft (10). The valve plate (9) is urged by the elastic member (75) held by the valve, and opens and closes the suction hole (11) of the valve plate (9) with the integral rotation with the drive shaft (10). A substantially plate-like rotary valve (71),
A compressor comprising:

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