JP4721553B2 - Rubble smoothing method and rubble smoother - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a rubble leveling method and a rubble leveling device using a weight drop method used when leveling mounds such as caissons and blocks in breakwaters and revetments of harbor facilities.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, there has been a growing need for offshore (larger and deeper water) and rapid construction in the construction of foundation rubble mounds for breakwaters and revetments. On the other hand, due to the shortage of diving workers and aging, it has become difficult to secure high-quality skilled divers.
[0003]
For this reason, development of mechanized construction for rubble mound construction (rubble leveling) has been promoted and many achievements have already been achieved. There are dozens of construction methods (types) that have a proven track record, and they are roughly classified into four types according to the compaction (equalization) method, weight falling method, vibro method, rake (blade) method, There is an underwater backhoe system.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The above-mentioned mechanized construction method has a daily construction capacity of 100m ² / day to 200m ² / day, and there are 10 times as much as the conventional human power (diver) construction capacity of 20m ² / day. Supports deepening and rapidization. However, other methods except the underwater backhoe method can only level the horizontal surface and do not support the leveling of the inclined surface. For example, in the weight drop method, a weight with a plate-like tamper fixed on the lower surface is lifted to a predetermined height by a crane on a table ship and then freely dropped (for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-061820), and an inclined surface. It is difficult to perform the leveling work.
[0005]
On the other hand, the underwater backhoe method can be used for leveling the slope, but due to the characteristics of divers being on board, the diver's field of view is limited by the time of diving work and the occurrence of turbidity during work. There are also drawbacks in construction such as difficulty in securing the safety and safety problems due to human work.
[0006]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-061819 proposes a construction method and work boat capable of leveling the inclined surface of the water bottom ground. In this publication, regarding the weight drop method, a leader that can be raised and lowered is provided on a jib crane or the like on a carriage, a plate-shaped tamper is attached to the tip, and a hollow shaft body incorporating a weight and a hoist is provided along the leader. After the tamper is settled on the inclined surface, the weight in the hollow shaft body is lifted to a predetermined height with a hoist, and then the weight is self-weighted. It is disclosed that by dropping, the tamper is impacted and the inclined surface is solidified, and the inclined surface is accurately leveled without being affected by water flow. However, this construction method requires a jib crane, a leader, a hollow shaft, a hoist, etc., which increases the size of the device, complicates the mechanism, and makes the device expensive.
[0007]
In addition, as a weight drop method, a weight is attached to the tip of a pair of telescopic telescopic guide members suspended from the carriage toward the bottom of the water, and a long stroke installed vertically between the pair of telescopic guide members. Connect the lower end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder to the weight, lift the weight with this hydraulic cylinder, then release the pressure oil on the rising and pressurizing side of the hydraulic cylinder at once, so that the weight is piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder There has also been proposed a hydraulic cylinder system in which the cylinder is dropped while being connected to the cylinder. However, this hydraulic cylinder system also has a large apparatus, a complicated mechanism, an expensive apparatus, and concerns about durability and the like.
[0008]
The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances. The purpose of the present invention is to reduce the level of rubble by the weight drop method. It is to provide a construction method and a rubble leveling device.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The invention according to claim 1 is a method of leveling a horizontal surface or an inclined surface of a rubble mound in water by a free fall of a weight, and a shaft provided with a weight at a lower end, and tilted around a horizontal axis on a carriage. After being lifted and supported by the lifting device that supports the shaft so as to be lifted and grips and lifts the shaft, the lifting device keeps the shaft in a vertical or inclined state and lifts it by a predetermined height. The rubble leveling method is characterized by leveling a horizontal surface or an inclined surface of the rubble mound by free-falling the weight and the shaft by releasing the grip of the shaft.
[0010]
In this first aspect, an elevating device using a holder and a hydraulic jack, an elevating device using a rack and a pinion, and the like are used, and the elevating device can be tilted by a trunnion and a tilting cylinder. In the case of leveling the horizontal plane, the lifting device or shaft is held vertically, and the weight and shaft are allowed to fall freely vertically, and in the case of leveling of the inclined surface, the lifting device or shaft is aligned with the designed inclined surface. And let the weight and shaft fall freely diagonally .
[0011]
請 Motomeko 2 according invention, inclined to horizontal or inclined surface of the water rubble mound is a device to smooth the free fall of the weight, around a shaft provided with a weight at the lower end, the horizontal axis to the base board It is installed so as to be capable of rolling, and includes an elevating device that supports the shaft so as to be able to move up and down, and lifts and lifts the weight by lifting the shaft and releasing the grip of the shaft. It is a rubble leveling device.
[0012]
The second aspect of the present invention is an apparatus for carrying out the construction method of the first aspect. As the lifting device, a lifting device using a holder and a hydraulic jack, a lifting device using a rack and a pinion, and the like are used. Can be tilted. In the system using the holder and the hydraulic jack, the holder is provided with a shaft gripping means. After the shaft is gripped and lifted by the gripping means, the weight and the shaft are freely dropped by releasing the gripping. In the rack and pinion method, after the shaft is lifted by the rotation of the pinion, the shaft is gripped by the shaft gripping means installed on the support base, and then the pinion is retracted to release the gripping means and release the weight. And let the shaft fall freely .
[0013]
請 Motomeko according to third invention is obtained by limiting the lifting device according to claim 2 in scheme according holder and hydraulic jack, the rubble leveling device according to claim 2, lifting device, guide means of the shaft ( A support device guided and supported by a guide roller, a movable member (holder) movable along the shaft, a driving means (such as a hydraulic jack) for moving the movable member up and down relative to the support frame, and the movable member The rubble leveling device is provided with a gripping means (such as a hydraulic jack for gripping with a short stroke and high strength) that is provided on the shaft and grips the shaft while moving forward and backward. Supporting device, mounted et the to tiltably Theissen by trunnion and tilt cylinder or the like (claim 3).
[0014]
In the configuration as in the following, after raising the shaft by installing the lifting device to the barge, for structures to free fall the weight and the shaft, by a relatively mechanism simple and compact and inexpensive leveling device, Moreover, it is possible to perform rubble leveling with a highly reliable leveling device. In addition, a support device that supports the shaft can be installed on a trolley so that it can be tilted, or a weight can be tilted on the lower end of the shaft so that it can be tilted relatively easily. Rubble leveling is also possible. Further, since the rubble is compacted by the free fall of the weight, a dense and robust rubble mound can be formed. Furthermore, because of the free fall method of the weight and shaft, large water depth and mass rapid construction can be easily performed.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on the illustrated embodiments. 1 to 8 is a diagram showing an example of a rubble leveling device according holder hydraulic jack system of the present invention.
[0016]
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 8 , a rubble leveling boat 1 according to the present invention is configured by mounting a rubble leveling device 3 at the center of a pontoon 2, a bow or the like, and a weight of the rubble leveling device 3. 11 free fall (arbitrary lifting height / number of times), the horizontal surface M ₁ and the inclined surface (slow inclination) M ₂ of the foundation mound M can be continuously compacted and leveled to a predetermined height. ing.
[0017]
On the carriage 2, a maneuvering room (bridge) 4 is provided, and four maneuvering winches 5 are equipped. The tip of the wire rope 6 fed out from each ship maneuvering winch 5 is connected to the anchor. Leveling level, unevenness, and position management are based on the ship position measurement system (GPS (Global Positioning System: XYZ measurement), gyro compass, etc.), depth measurement system (weight real-time depth meter) , Auto red, etc.) and any direction straight-ahead maneuvering system (steering winch, wire rope, etc.).
[0018]
As shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the rubble leveling device 3 of the present invention mainly includes a shaft 10 that is suspended from the carriage 2 toward the bottom of the water, and a weight 11 that is attached to the lower end of the shaft 10. A support device 12 that guides and supports the shaft 10 so as to be movable up and down, a holder 13 that holds the shaft 10 on the support device 12 and raises the shaft 10, and a predetermined stroke of the holder 13 with respect to the support device 12. A lifting hydraulic jack (cylinder) 14 that lifts the shaft 10 only, a short-stroke high-strength hydraulic jack 15 that is installed in the holder 13 and clamps the shaft 10 from both sides, and a guide roller 16 provided in the support device 12. Has been.
[0019]
In the case of the holder tilting type shown in FIGS. 1 to 8, a rectangular through hole 2a that is long in the hull width direction in plan view is provided in the center of the carriage 2, and a rubble leveling device 3 is inserted into the through hole 2a. A pair of trunnion shafts 20 provided on the outer surface of the support device 12 and a bearing 21 provided on the side of the carriage 2 support the rubble leveling device 3 so as to be tiltable in the hull width direction. Further, the support device 12 and the carriage 2 are connected by a pair of right and left tilting hydraulic cylinders 22 parallel to the tilting direction, and the hydraulic cylinders 22 are expanded and contracted to control the shaft 10 with the horizontal plane M ₁ or the inclined plane M _2. Can be held perpendicularly to each other (see FIGS. 2 and 3).
[0020]
As shown in FIGS. 4B, 5, and 6, the support device 12 is a rectangular frame-like cylindrical body that surrounds the shaft 10 having a square cross section with a gap therebetween, and includes four side surfaces of the shaft 10. Guide rollers 16 (two on one side surface, a total of eight) are provided in the upper and lower portions, and the shaft 10 is guided and supported so as to be movable up and down.
[0021]
As shown in FIGS. 4 (a), 5 and 6, the holder 13 is a rectangular frame-like movable frame body in a plan view surrounding the shaft 10 with a gap therebetween. The holding hydraulic jack 15 is provided. The gripping hydraulic jack 15 is configured by providing a friction plate 30 made of special rubber or the like at the piston tip. By pressing the friction plate 30 against the outer surface of the shaft 10, the shaft 10 can be clamped from both the left and right sides. it can.
[0022]
The outer peripheral portion of the holder 13 and the outer surface of the support device 12 are connected by a pair of left and right lifting hydraulic jacks 14, and the shaft 10 is clamped from both the left and right sides by a gripping hydraulic jack 15 to extend the lifting hydraulic jack 14. Thus, the shaft 10 can be raised by a predetermined stroke.
[0023]
Further, a mechanism for raising and lowering the shaft 11 is required so that the weight 11 can be stored under the deck in the carriage 2 and the weight 11 can be set on a horizontal surface or an inclined surface. For example, as shown in FIG. 7, the lifting mechanism is configured by providing the supporting device 12 with a holding hydraulic jack 31 similar to the holder 13, and holding the holding hydraulic jack 15 of the holder 13 and the holding hydraulic pressure of the supporting device 12. The shaft 11 is moved up and down by a so-called worm-type insect type in which the lifting hydraulic jack 14 is expanded and contracted while the shafts 11 are alternately fixed by the jacks 31.
[0024]
Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 7, a ratchet member 32 is continuously arranged from the top to the bottom at the center of the pair of outer surfaces where the hydraulic jack 15 for gripping the shaft 10 is not disposed, By installing a pair of fall-preventing hydraulic jacks 33, 34 on the upper surface of the holder 13, a mechanism for raising and lowering the shaft 10 using the raising hydraulic jack 14 can also be used.
[0025]
That is, by inserting the piston tip of the hydraulic jack 34 of the holder 13 under the ratchet teeth of the ratchet member 32 and extending the lifting hydraulic jack 14, the shaft 10 is raised by a predetermined stroke, and then the hydraulic pressure of the support device 12 is increased. From the state in which the piston tip of the jack 33 is fitted under the ratchet teeth of the ratchet member 32 and the shaft 10 is fixed, the piston of the hydraulic jack 34 of the holder 13 is retracted to contract the lifting hydraulic jack 14, and the above steps are performed. By repeating sequentially, the shaft 10 can be lifted up like a scale insect. When the weight 11 is lowered, an operation reverse to the above may be performed. In addition, not only the above raising / lowering mechanism but another raising / lowering mechanism can also be used.
[0026]
FIG. 8 shows an example in which the rubble leveling device 3 is mounted on the bow of the carriage 2. Although the structure of the trolley 2 and the rubble leveling apparatus 3 is the same as that of the case of FIGS. 1-7, the inclination direction of the shaft 10 is made into the ship body longitudinal direction .
[0027]
The riprap smoothing ship 1 constructed as in the following, it performs smoothing rubble horizontal plane M ₁ and the inclined surface M ₂ of the rubble mound M as shown below.
[0028]
(1) In the case of the holder tilting type, the shaft 10 of the rubble leveling device 3 is held vertically, or the shaft 10 is lowered by the lifting mechanism from the state where the shaft 10 is inclined according to the design inclined surface, The bottom is set on the horizontal surface M ₁ or the inclined surface M ₂ .
[0029]
(2) The shaft 10 is clamped by the holding hydraulic jack 15 of the holder 13, and the lifting hydraulic jack 14 is extended to raise the shaft 10 by a predetermined stroke.
[0030]
(3) The clamp of the holding hydraulic jack 15 of the holder 13 is released, the shaft 10 and the weight 11 are freely dropped, and the rubble of the horizontal surface M ₁ or the inclined surface M ₂ is compacted. The shaft 10 is guided and supported by the guide roller 16 of the support device 12 and falls.
[0031]
(4) Repeat the above steps (2) and (3) as many times as necessary. When a predetermined leveling surface is obtained, the carriage 2 is moved to the next leveling position and the above leveling process is repeated. . In the case of the inclined surface M ₂ , the level of the leveling position changes, so the shaft 10 is raised or lowered by the lifting mechanism so that the weight 11 falls from a predetermined height .
[0032]
【The invention's effect】
Since this invention consists of the above structures, there can exist the following effects.
[0033]
(1) A structure that allows the weight and shaft to fall freely after the shaft is lifted by a lifting device installed on a trolley. The leveling device can perform leveling of rubble.
[0034]
(2) By installing a supporting device for supporting a shaft tiltably Theissen, in a relatively simple and compact leveling device, rubble inclined surface smoothing becomes possible.
[0035]
(3) Since the rubble is compacted by the free fall of the weight, a dense and robust rubble mound can be formed.
[0036]
(4) Because of the free fall method of the weight and shaft, large depth and rapid mass construction can be easily performed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 shows an entire leveling ship equipped with a rubble leveling device using a holder / hydraulic jack system according to the present invention at the center of the hull, wherein (a) is a plan view and (b) is a side view. .
FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional front view (leveled state of a horizontal plane) showing an example of a rubble leveling device (holder tilting type) using a holder / hydraulic jack system of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a partial sectional front view (an inclined surface leveling state) showing an example of a rubble leveling device using a holder / hydraulic jack system of the present invention.
4 is a plan view of the rubble leveling device of FIG. 2, wherein (a) shows the upper part and (b) shows the middle part.
FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged front view of the rubble leveling device of FIG. 2;
6 is a partially enlarged side view of the rubble leveling device of FIG. 2;
7 is a partially enlarged front view showing an elevating mechanism of the rubble leveling device of FIG. 2;
FIGS. 8A and 8B show an entire leveling ship equipped with a rubble leveling device using a holder / hydraulic jack system according to the present invention at the center of the hull, wherein FIG. 8A is a plan view and FIG. 8B is a side view. .
[Explanation of symbols]
M ... riprap mound M ₁ ... horizontal surface M ₂ ... inclined surfaces 1 ... riprap leveling vessel 2 ... barge 2a ... pierced apertures 3 riprap leveling device 4 ... maneuvering compartment 5 ... maneuvering winch 6 ... wire rope 10 ... shaft 11 ... Weight 12 ... Support device 13 ... Holder 14 ... Lifting hydraulic jack 15 ... Holding hydraulic jack 16 ... Guide roller 20 ... Trunnion shaft 21 ... Bearing 22 ... Tilt hydraulic cylinder 30 ... Friction plate 31 ... Holding hydraulic jack 32 ... hydraulic jack key of the ratchet member 33 ... hydraulic jacks 34 ... for fall prevention for fall prevention

Claims (3)

  It is a method of leveling the horizontal surface or inclined surface of the rubble mound in the water by free fall of the weight.The shaft is provided with a weight at the lower end, and is installed on the carriage so that it can tilt around the horizontal axis. Using a lifting device that supports the shaft so as to be able to move up and down and grips and lifts the shaft. With this lifting device, the shaft is held in a vertical or inclined state and lifted by a predetermined height, and then the gripping of the shaft is released. The rubble leveling method is characterized by leveling the horizontal or inclined surface of the rubble mound by free-falling the weight and shaft.   It is a device that leveles the horizontal or inclined surface of the rubble mound in the water by the free fall of the weight.It is installed on the bottom of the carriage so that it can be tilted around the horizontal axis. A rubble leveling device comprising an elevating device that supports the shaft so as to be able to be lifted and lifts the weight and the shaft freely by gripping and lifting the shaft and releasing the gripping of the shaft. 3. The rubble leveling device according to claim 2 , wherein the elevating device includes a support device that guides and supports the shaft by guide means, a movable member that can move along the shaft, and the movable member that moves up and down relative to the support device . A rubble leveling device, comprising: a driving means for moving the gripping means; and a gripping means provided on the movable member for gripping the shaft by moving forward and backward relative to the shaft.

Images