JP4719372B2 - PPAR-dependent gene transcription activator - Google Patents
PPAR-dependent gene transcription activator Download PDFInfo
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- JP4719372B2 JP4719372B2 JP2001116654A JP2001116654A JP4719372B2 JP 4719372 B2 JP4719372 B2 JP 4719372B2 JP 2001116654 A JP2001116654 A JP 2001116654A JP 2001116654 A JP2001116654 A JP 2001116654A JP 4719372 B2 JP4719372 B2 JP 4719372B2
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、脂質代謝の活性化および肥満、糖尿病、高血糖、高脂血症、インスリン抵抗性の予防・改善に有効なペルオキシソーム増殖剤活性化受容体(Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor:PPAR)依存的遺伝子転写活性化剤に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
ステロイド、甲状腺ホルモン、レチノイドなどの低分子脂溶性リガンドはリガンド特異的な核内受容体を介して、個体発生における形態形成、細胞の増殖、分化、生体の恒常性の維持など多様な生理機能の調節に関与している。PPARは核内受容体の1種であり、1990年に脂肪分解に関与する細胞内小器官であるペルオキシソームを増加させる作用を仲介する蛋白として同定され、ペルオキシソーム増殖剤により活性化を受けるレセプターという意味でPeroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptorα(ペルオキシソーム増殖剤活性化受容体:PPARα)と名付けられた。その後α型と構造上類似したアイソフォーム遺伝子としてβ/δ型およびγ型が同定され、合計3つのサブタイプから成ることが知られている。PPARαの機能は脂肪酸の合成・輸送・分泌、脂肪消費臓器におけるATP産生、細胞周期の調節など幅広く生体のエネルギー代謝や恒常性の維持に関わるものと考えられている。特に脂肪酸代謝に重要なβ−酸化関連酵素の遺伝子発現はPPARの活性化に強く依存していることが明らかとなってきている。PPARγ、特にPPARγ2は脂肪細胞に比較的強い特異性を持って発現しており、脂肪細胞分化の中心的役割を果たしていることが明らかになっている(細胞:31(6)218-234, 1999、J. Lipid Res. 37, 907-925, 1996、Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 10, 151-159, 1999)。
【0003】
高脂血症治療薬であるフィブラート系化合物がPPARαのアゴニストであること、糖尿病治療薬として知られるチアゾリジン誘導体がPPARγのアゴニストであることが明らかにされて以来、これらの化合物に続くPPARアゴニストの探索が進められ、高脂血症や糖尿病の改善薬として開発が試みられている。そしてこれまでにPPARアゴニストとして、チアゾリジン誘導体、フィブラート系化合物の他、脂肪酸、ロイコトリエンB4、インドメタシン、イブプロフェン、フェノプロフェン、15−deoxy-Δ-12, 14-PGJ2など(Cell. 83, 813-819, 1995、J. Biol. Chem. 272(6)3406-3410, 1997、Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 94, 4321-4327, 1997、J. Biol, Chem. 274(10)6718-6725, 1999、Mebio 別冊;Multiple Risk Factor Syndrome 2, 88-96, 1999)が報告されている。しかしこれらの化合物には長期摂取による副作用などの問題がある。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、安全性に優れ、肥満、糖尿病、高血糖、高脂血症、インスリン抵抗性の予防・改善に有効なPPAR依存的遺伝子転写活性化剤を提供することにある。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは長期摂取しても安全で、副作用の少ないPPAR依存的遺伝子転写活性化剤の探索を行い、天然食物中にも存在し、長い食経験を有する没食子酸誘導体、ケルセチン類、フラボン誘導体、イソフラボン誘導体およびカテキン類にその作用があることを見出した。
【0006】
すなわち、本発明は次の(A)〜(F):
(A)没食子酸エステル、
(B)ガロイルタンニン類、
(C)ケルセチン(Quercetin;3, 3', 4', 5,7-pentahydroxyflavone)もしくはその配糖体、
(D)フラボンもしくはその類縁体、
(E)イソフラボンもしくはその類縁体、
(F)カテキンもしくはエピカテキン
から選ばれる化合物からなるペルオキシソーム増殖剤活性化受容体依存的遺伝子転写活性化剤を提供するものである。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明で使用する(A)没食子酸エステルとしては、ヒドロキシ基を置換していてもよい炭素数1〜24の直鎖または分岐鎖のアルキルエステルまたはアルケニルエステルが挙げられる。特に、炭素数1〜10のものがよく、メチル、エチル、プロピル、ブチル、オクチルなどのエステルが好ましい。
【0008】
本発明で使用する(B)ガロイルタンニン類は、加水分解により没食子酸を生成するタンニン類であり、より具体的にはグルコースやハマメロース、キシロース、ガラクトース、メチルグルコシド、キナ酸、シキミ酸、カテキン、ガロカテキン、エピガロカテキンなどの各水酸基が種々の程度にガロイル化されたものや、タンニン酸と呼ばれるそれらの各種混合物などが挙げられる。当該ガロイルタンニンの例としては1,2,3,6−テトラガロイルグルコース、1,2,3,4,6−ペンタガロイルグルコース、3,4−ジガロイルシキミ酸、ハマメリタンニン、カテキンガレート、エピカテキンガレート、エピガロカテキンガレート、アッサミカインA、アッサミカインB、テアフラビンガレート、プロシアニジンガレート、オイゲニン、プニカコルテインA、プニグルコニン、ステノフィラニンAなどが挙げられる。特に、エピガロカテキンガレート、エピカテキンガレートが好ましい。
【0009】
本発明で使用する(C)ケルセチンはフラボノールの1種で、植物界に広く分布する黄色色素で、その多くは配糖体として存在している。
【0010】
ケルセチンの配糖体の糖残基としてはグルコース、ラフィノース、ラムノース、ガラクトース、マルトース、フルクトース、N−アセチルグルコサミンなどを挙げることができ、このうちグルコース、ラフィノース、ラムノースが好ましい。また、糖残基の数は1〜50、通常1〜20が好ましく、糖残基の数により水への溶解性を調節することが可能である。ケルセチン配糖体の一例としてはルチン(Rutin;Quercetin-3-rutinoside)、クエルシトリン(Quercitrin;Quercetin-3-ramunoside)、クエルシメリトリン(Quercimeritrin;Quercetin-7-glucoside)、αG−ルチン(東洋精糖(株))などが挙げられる。
【0011】
没食子酸エステル、ガロイルタンニン類およびケルセチンもしくはその配糖体のうち、特にガロイルタンニン類およびケルセチンもしくはその配糖体は、植物または生薬に含まれているので、これらを含有する植物、生薬またはそれらの抽出物を配合することにより、本発明のPPAR依存的遺伝子転写活性化剤中にこれらの化合物を含有せしめてもよい。ガロイルタンニン類を含有する生薬としては没食子、五倍子が、植物としては茶、ブドウなどが挙げられる。ここで、お茶としては緑茶のほか、紅茶、ウーロン茶が含まれるが、特に緑茶が好ましい。また、ぶどうについてはぶどう果実の他、特にガロイルタンニン類を多く含むぶどう種子および果皮、またはその抽出物あるいはその乾燥粉末が特に好ましい。ケルセチンもしくはその配糖体を含有する植物としては、ミカン科のヘンルーダ(Ruta graveolens L.)、まめ科のエンジュ(Sophora japonica L.)、タデ科のソバ(Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)などが挙げられる。これらの花蕾には約20重量%含まれることから特に好ましい。これらの生薬および植物は、前記のようにそのまま乾燥粉砕などをして用いてもよいが、水、アルコール類、エーテル類、ハロゲン化炭化水素類などの抽出溶剤により抽出して用いてもよい。
【0012】
本発明で使用する(D)フラボンおよびその異性体である(E)イソフラボンは、ポリフェノールの1種であって、通常は水酸基またはメトキシ基が付加したり、配糖体などとして植物界に広く存在している。これらの配糖体なども(D)および(E)に包含される。(D)フラボンの類縁体としては、アピゲニン、アカセチン、ルテオリン、クリシン、ミリセチンなどが挙げられ、(E)イソフラボンの類縁体としては、ダイゼイン、ゲニステイン、プルネチン、アフロモシン、イリゲニン、ホルモネチン、ダイジン、ゲニスチンバイオカニン、グリシティンなどが挙げられる。これらの種々の類縁体がバラ科、マメ科、アヤメ科などの植物に多く存在することが知られている。特にイソフラボン類はマメ科植物に多く含まれ、長年にわたる食経験があり、長期間摂取しても安全性は高い。フラボンもしくはその類縁体、イソフラボンもしくはその類縁体を含有する植物または生薬としては、パセリ、大豆、シソなどが挙げられる。フラボノイドを多く含むパセリ抽出物、シソ種子抽出物や、イソフラボノイドを多く含む大豆抽出物などが好ましい。具体的な製品としては、例えば、アップルフェノン(ニッカウイスキー(株))、ソイアクト(キッコーマン(株))、ゲラビノール(キッコーマン(株))などがある。
【0013】
本発明で使用する(F)カテキン(3,5,7,3′,4′−ペンタオキシフラバン)もしくはエピカテキンは、煎茶、香茶、釜入り茶などの緑茶類や半発酵茶、発酵茶の茶葉から水や熱水により抽出してもよい。また抽出水に予めアスコルビン酸ナトリウムなどの有機酸またはその塩類を添加してもよい。煮沸脱気や窒素ガスなどの不活性ガスを通気して、抽出水中の溶存酸素を除去した非酸化的雰囲気下で抽出する方法を併用してもよい。茶葉から抽出する代りに、緑茶抽出物の濃縮物を水に溶解して用いてもよく、また茶葉からの抽出液と緑茶抽出物の濃縮物とを併用してもよい。ここで緑茶抽出物の濃縮物とは、緑茶葉を熱水もしくは水溶性有機溶剤で抽出して得られた抽出物を濃縮したもので、例えば特開昭59−219384号公報、特開平4−20589号公報、特開平5−260907号公報、特開平5−306279号公報などに記載された方法で調製することができる。市販の三井農林(株)「ポリフェノン」、伊藤園(株)「テアフラン」、太陽化学(株)「サンフェノン」シリーズなどを用いてもよい。その他、カテキンもしくはエピカテキンは、他の原料起源、カラム精製のもの、化学合成品などを用いてもよい。
【0014】
本発明のPPAR依存的遺伝子転写活性化剤は医薬品、食品に用いられる賦形剤およびその他の添加剤とともに任意の形態に製剤化してもよい。
【0015】
本発明のPPAR依存的遺伝子転写活性化剤は、経口、経腸、経皮、注射、経粘膜などでヒトに投与あるいは摂取することができる。またその量は、年齢、体重、性別、投与方法などの種々の要因によって異なるが、経口投与の場合は通常大人1人当たり0.1〜5000mg、特に100〜2000mgの範囲を1日1回〜数回に分けて投与することが好ましい。
【0016】
本発明PPAR依存的遺伝子転写活性化剤の剤型としては、医薬品、食品に用いられるもので例えば錠剤、散剤、顆粒剤、カプセル剤、トローチ剤、シロップ剤、種々の形態の飲料、スナック類、乳製品、調味料、でんぷん加工製品、加工肉製品などが挙げられる。
【0017】
本発明のPPAR依存的遺伝子転写活性化剤は、通常製剤中に0.001〜80重量%配合される。
【0018】
【実施例】
実施例1 PPAR依存的遺伝子転写活性化試験:
小腸上皮細胞株IEC−6または肝細胞株HepG2を12well plateにまき、DMEM(5%FCS)中で1日培養する。PPAR応答配列(下線)(AACGTGACCTTTGTCCTGGTCAACGTGACCTTTGTCCTGGTC AACGTGACCTTTGTCCTGGTC)を含むDNA鎖、SV40プロモター遺伝子、蛍ルシフェラーゼ遺伝子を含むPPARレポータープラスミド(PPAR-Luc)および、ウミシイタケルシフェラーゼ遺伝子の上流にチミジンキナーゼプロモーター遺伝子を連結したコントロールプラスミド(TK-Luc:Promega)を同時に各々0.5μg/wellとなるようトランスフェクション試薬(Superfect transfection reagent;Promega)を用いて導入した。その後培養液を被験物質を含むDMEM(-FCS)培地に交換し、さらに24時間培養した。PBSにて洗浄後デュアルルシフェラーゼアッセイシステム(Promega)を用いて細胞を溶解、溶解液にルシフェリンを含む基質溶液を加え、ルミノメーターにて蛍およびウミシイタケルシフェラーゼ活性を各々測定した。本実験系でPPAR依存的な遺伝子の転写活性(ルシフェラーゼ活性)を測定することにより、PPAR依存的遺伝子転写活性化物質の探索を行った。尚、PPAR依存的な遺伝子の転写活性(ルシフェラーゼ活性)は以下のように定義した。
【0019】
PPAR依存的な遺伝子の転写活性(ルシフェラーゼ活性)=(PPAR-Lucによる蛍ルシフェラーゼ活性)/(TK-Lucによるウミシイタケルシフェラーゼ活性)
【0020】
IEC−6およびHepG2細胞における各被験物質によるPPAR依存的遺伝子転写活性化能を表1に示す。尚、コントロールにおけるPPAR依存的転写活性を100とし、それに対する相対値を示す。陽性対照として、フェノフィブラートを用いた。
【0021】
【表1】
【0022】
表1により、没食子酸エステル(1)およびガロイルタンニン類が、PPAR依存的遺伝子転写活性化に有効であることがわかる。
【0023】
実施例2
実施例1と同様にしてPPAR依存的遺伝子転写活性化試験を行った。尚、細胞としてIEC−6を用い、陽性対照としてカルバサイクリンを用いた。結果を表2に示す。
【0024】
【表2】
【0025】
表2より、ケルセチンもしくはその配糖体が、PPAR依存的遺伝子転写活性化に有効であることがわかる。
【0026】
実施例3
実施例1と同様にしてPPAR依存的遺伝子転写活性化試験を行った。結果を表3に示す。
【0027】
【表3】
【0028】
表3より、フラボンもしくはその類縁体、イソフラボンもしくはその類縁体が、PPAR依存性遺伝子転写活性化に有効であることがわかる。
【0029】
実施例4
下記成分を用い、常法に従って1錠200mgの錠剤を製造した。
(組成) (g)
没食子酸エチルまたはケルセチン 1000
ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース 800
軽質無水ケイ酸 200
乳糖 500
結晶セルロース 500
タルク 500
ジアシルグリセロール 300
【0030】
実施例5
下記成分を用い、常法に従って1錠200mgの錠剤を製造した。
(組成) (g)
没食子酸プロピルまたはルチン 20
デンプン 130
ステアリン酸マグネシウム 10
乳糖 40
【0031】
実施例6
下記の成分を混合後ゼラチンカプセルに充填し、1錠250mgの軟カプセル剤を得た。
(組成) (g)
没食子酸プロピルまたはルチン 20
エピガロカテキンガレートまたはαG−ルチン 20
トリグリセリド(なたね油) 60
【0032】
実施例7
下記の成分を混合後ゼラチンカプセルに充填し、軟カプセル剤を得た。
(組成) (g)
没食子酸エチルまたはケルセチン 20
エピガロカテキンガレートまたはαG−ルチン 20
大豆油 200
γ−オリザノール 10
無水カフェイン 10
ドコサヘキサエン酸 10
エイコサペンタエン酸 10
α−リノレン酸 10
ビタミンC 10
【0033】
実施例8
下記の成分を混合後ゼラチンカプセルに充填し、1錠250mg軟カプセル剤を得た。
(組成) (g)
大豆抽出物(ソイアクト(キッコーマン(株)))20
茶抽出物(テアフラン90S(伊藤園(株))) 20
没食子抽出物(アルコール抽出、乾固物) 10
トリグリセリド(なたね油) 50
【0034】
【発明の効果】
本発明のPPAR依存的遺伝子転写活性化剤は優れたPPAR活性化作用を有し、かつ安全性も高いので、肥満、糖尿病、高血糖、高脂血症、インスリン抵抗性の予防あるいは改善剤として有用である。
【0035】
【配列表】
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) -dependent gene effective for lipid metabolism activation and prevention / improvement of obesity, diabetes, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance. The present invention relates to a transcription activator.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Low-molecular-weight lipophilic ligands such as steroids, thyroid hormones, and retinoids have various physiological functions such as morphogenesis in ontogenesis, cell proliferation, differentiation, and maintenance of homeostasis through ligand-specific nuclear receptors. It is involved in regulation. PPAR is one of the nuclear receptors, and was identified in 1990 as a protein that mediates the action of increasing peroxisomes, which are intracellular organelles involved in lipolysis, meaning that it is activated by peroxisome proliferators Was named Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor α (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor: PPARα). Subsequently, β / δ type and γ type were identified as isoform genes structurally similar to α type, and it is known that it consists of three subtypes in total. The function of PPARα is considered to be widely involved in the maintenance of energy metabolism and homeostasis in the body, such as fatty acid synthesis / transport / secretion, ATP production in fat-consuming organs, and regulation of the cell cycle. In particular, it has been clarified that gene expression of β-oxidation-related enzymes important for fatty acid metabolism is strongly dependent on PPAR activation. PPARγ, in particular PPARγ2, is expressed with relatively strong specificity in adipocytes, and has been shown to play a central role in adipocyte differentiation (cell: 31 (6) 218-234, 1999 J. Lipid Res. 37, 907-925, 1996, Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 10, 151-159, 1999).
[0003]
Search for PPAR agonists following these compounds since it was revealed that fibrate compounds, which are hyperlipidemic agents, are agonists of PPARα, and thiazolidine derivatives known as antidiabetic agents are agonists of PPARγ. Has been developed and is being developed as a drug for improving hyperlipidemia and diabetes. So far, as PPAR agonists, in addition to thiazolidine derivatives and fibrate compounds, fatty acids, leukotriene B4, indomethacin, ibuprofen, fenoprofen, 15-deoxy-Δ-12, 14-PGJ2, etc. (Cell. 83, 813-819) , 1995, J. Biol. Chem. 272 (6) 3406-3410, 1997, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 94, 4321-4327, 1997, J. Biol, Chem. 274 (10) 6718-6725 1999, Mebio, separate volume; Multiple Risk Factor Syndrome 2, 88-96, 1999). However, these compounds have problems such as side effects due to long-term intake.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a PPAR-dependent gene transcription activator that is excellent in safety and is effective in preventing and improving obesity, diabetes, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors searched for a PPAR-dependent gene transcription activator that is safe even when ingested for a long time and has few side effects, and also exists in natural foods and has a long dietary experience, gallic acid derivatives, quercetins, and flavones. It has been found that derivatives, isoflavone derivatives and catechins have the action.
[0006]
That is, the present invention provides the following (A) to (F):
(A) gallic acid ester,
(B) galloyl tannins,
(C) Quercetin (3, 3 ', 4', 5,7-pentahydroxyflavone) or its glycoside,
(D) flavone or its analogs,
(E) isoflavones or analogs thereof,
(F) A peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-dependent gene transcription activator comprising a compound selected from catechin or epicatechin.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Examples of (A) gallic acid ester used in the present invention include linear or branched alkyl ester or alkenyl ester having 1 to 24 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a hydroxy group. In particular, those having 1 to 10 carbon atoms are preferable, and esters such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl and octyl are preferable.
[0008]
The (B) galloyl tannins used in the present invention are tannins that produce gallic acid by hydrolysis. More specifically, glucose, hamamelose, xylose, galactose, methyl glucoside, quinic acid, shikimic acid, catechin , Gallocatechin, epigallocatechin and the like in which each hydroxyl group is galloylated in various degrees, and various mixtures thereof called tannic acid. Examples of the galloyl tannin include 1,2,3,6-tetragalloyl glucose, 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloyl glucose, 3,4-digalloyl shikimic acid, hamamelitannin, catechin gallate, Examples include epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin gallate, assamicin A, assamicin B, theaflavin gallate, procyanidin gallate, eugenin, punicacortein A, punygluconin, and stenophylanin A. In particular, epigallocatechin gallate and epicatechin gallate are preferable.
[0009]
(C) Quercetin used in the present invention is a kind of flavonol and is a yellow pigment widely distributed in the plant kingdom, and many of them exist as glycosides.
[0010]
Examples of the sugar residue of the quercetin glycoside include glucose, raffinose, rhamnose, galactose, maltose, fructose, N-acetylglucosamine, and among them, glucose, raffinose, and rhamnose are preferable. In addition, the number of sugar residues is preferably 1 to 50, and usually 1 to 20, and the solubility in water can be adjusted by the number of sugar residues. Examples of quercetin glycosides include rutin (Quercetin-3-rutinoside), quercitrin (Quercetin-3-ramunoside), quercimeritrin (Quercetin-7-glucoside), αG-rutin (Toyo) Refined sugar).
[0011]
Among gallic acid esters, galloyl tannins and quercetin or glycosides thereof, especially galloyl tannins and quercetin or glycosides thereof are contained in plants or herbal medicines. These compounds may be incorporated into the PPAR-dependent gene transcription activator of the present invention by blending these extracts. Herbal medicines containing galloyl tannins include gallic and pentaploids, and plants include tea and grapes. Here, in addition to green tea, tea includes black tea and oolong tea, and green tea is particularly preferable. In addition to grape fruits, grape seeds and pericarps rich in galloyl tannins, or extracts thereof or dry powders thereof are particularly preferred. Examples of plants containing quercetin or its glycosides include Ruta graveolens L. in the citrus family, Sophora japonica L., Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. These florets are particularly preferable because they are contained in an amount of about 20% by weight. These herbal medicines and plants may be used after dry pulverization or the like as described above, but may be used after extraction with an extraction solvent such as water, alcohols, ethers, halogenated hydrocarbons or the like.
[0012]
The (D) flavone and its isomer (E) isoflavone used in the present invention are one kind of polyphenols, and usually have hydroxyl groups or methoxy groups added, or are widely present in the plant world as glycosides. is doing. These glycosides are also included in (D) and (E). (D) Examples of flavone analogs include apigenin, acacetin, luteolin, chrysin, and myricetin. Canine and glycinton are listed. It is known that many of these various analogs exist in plants such as Rosaceae, Legumes, and Iridaceae. In particular, isoflavones are abundant in legumes, have many years of eating experience, and are highly safe even if taken for a long time. Examples of the plant or herbal medicine containing flavone or its analog, isoflavone or its analog include parsley, soybean, perilla and the like. A parsley extract rich in flavonoids, perilla seed extract, a soybean extract rich in isoflavonoids, and the like are preferable. Specific products include, for example, apple phenon (Nikka Whiskey Co., Ltd.), soiact (Kikkoman Co., Ltd.), and gerabinol (Kikkoman Co., Ltd.).
[0013]
(F) catechin (3,5,7,3 ', 4'-pentaoxyflavan) or epicatechin used in the present invention is a green tea such as sencha, incense tea, kettle tea, semi-fermented tea, fermented tea The tea leaves may be extracted with water or hot water. Moreover, you may add organic acids, such as sodium ascorbate, or its salt previously to extraction water. You may use together the method extracted by bubbling degassing and inert gas, such as nitrogen gas, in the non-oxidative atmosphere which removed the dissolved oxygen in extraction water. Instead of extracting from tea leaves, a concentrate of green tea extract may be used by dissolving in water, or an extract from tea leaves and a concentrate of green tea extract may be used in combination. Here, the green tea extract concentrate is obtained by concentrating an extract obtained by extracting green tea leaves with hot water or a water-soluble organic solvent. For example, JP-A-59-219384 and JP-A-4- It can be prepared by the methods described in JP-A-20589, JP-A-5-260907, JP-A-5-306279, and the like. Commercially available Mitsui Norin Co., Ltd. “Polyphenone”, ITO EN Co., Ltd. “Theafuran”, Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd. “Sunphenon” series and the like may be used. In addition, catechin or epicatechin may be derived from other raw materials, column purified, or chemically synthesized.
[0014]
The PPAR-dependent gene transcription activator of the present invention may be formulated into an arbitrary form together with excipients and other additives used in pharmaceuticals and foods.
[0015]
The PPAR-dependent gene transcription activator of the present invention can be administered or ingested to humans by oral, enteral, transdermal, injection, transmucosal and the like. The amount varies depending on various factors such as age, weight, sex, and administration method, but in the case of oral administration, it is usually 0.1 to 5000 mg per adult, particularly 100 to 2000 mg once a day to several times. It is preferable to administer in divided doses.
[0016]
Examples of the dosage form of the PPAR-dependent gene transcription activator of the present invention are those used in pharmaceuticals and foods, such as tablets, powders, granules, capsules, troches, syrups, various forms of beverages, snacks, Examples include dairy products, seasonings, processed starch products and processed meat products.
[0017]
The PPAR-dependent gene transcription activator of the present invention is usually added in an amount of 0.001 to 80% by weight in the preparation.
[0018]
【Example】
Example 1 PPAR-dependent gene transcription activation test:
Small intestinal epithelial cell line IEC-6 or hepatocyte cell line HepG2 is seeded on a 12-well plate and cultured in DMEM (5% FCS) for 1 day. DNA strand containing PPAR response element (underlined) (AACG TGACCTTTGTCCT GGTCAACG TGACCTTTGTCCT GGTC AACG TGACCTTTGTCCT GGTC), SV40 promoter gene, PPAR reporter plasmid containing firefly luciferase gene A control plasmid (TK-Luc: Promega) ligated with the gene was introduced at the same time using a transfection reagent (Promega) at a concentration of 0.5 μg / well. Thereafter, the culture solution was replaced with a DMEM (-FCS) medium containing a test substance, and further cultured for 24 hours. After washing with PBS, cells were lysed using a dual luciferase assay system (Promega), a substrate solution containing luciferin was added to the lysate, and firefly and Renilla luciferase activities were measured using a luminometer. In this experimental system, PPAR-dependent gene transcription activators were searched by measuring the transcription activity (luciferase activity) of PPAR-dependent genes. PPAR-dependent gene transcription activity (luciferase activity) was defined as follows.
[0019]
PPAR-dependent gene transcriptional activity (luciferase activity) = (firefly luciferase activity by PPAR-Luc) / (renilla luciferase activity by TK-Luc)
[0020]
Table 1 shows the ability of each test substance to activate PPAR-dependent gene transcription in IEC-6 and HepG2 cells. The PPAR-dependent transcription activity in the control is defined as 100, and the relative value is shown. Fenofibrate was used as a positive control.
[0021]
[Table 1]
[0022]
Table 1 shows that gallate ester (1) and galloyl tannins are effective for PPAR-dependent gene transcription activation.
[0023]
Example 2
A PPAR-dependent gene transcription activation test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1. In addition, IEC-6 was used as a cell, and carbacyclin was used as a positive control. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0024]
[Table 2]
[0025]
Table 2 shows that quercetin or its glycoside is effective for PPAR-dependent gene transcription activation.
[0026]
Example 3
A PPAR-dependent gene transcription activation test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 3.
[0027]
[Table 3]
[0028]
From Table 3, it can be seen that flavones or analogs thereof, isoflavones or analogs thereof are effective for PPAR-dependent gene transcription activation.
[0029]
Example 4
Using the following ingredients, one tablet of 200 mg was produced according to a conventional method.
(Composition) (g)
Ethyl gallate or quercetin 1000
Hydroxypropylcellulose 800
Light anhydrous silica 200
Lactose 500
Crystalline cellulose 500
Talc 500
Diacylglycerol 300
[0030]
Example 5
Using the following ingredients, one tablet of 200 mg was produced according to a conventional method.
(Composition) (g)
Propyl gallate or rutin 20
Starch 130
Magnesium stearate 10
Lactose 40
[0031]
Example 6
The following ingredients were mixed and then filled into a gelatin capsule to obtain a soft capsule of 250 mg per tablet.
(Composition) (g)
Propyl gallate or rutin 20
Epigallocatechin gallate or αG-rutin 20
Triglyceride (rapeseed oil) 60
[0032]
Example 7
The following ingredients were mixed and then filled into gelatin capsules to obtain soft capsules.
(Composition) (g)
Ethyl gallate or quercetin 20
Epigallocatechin gallate or αG-rutin 20
Soybean oil 200
γ-oryzanol 10
Anhydrous caffeine 10
Docosahexaenoic acid 10
Eicosapentaenoic acid 10
α-Linolenic acid 10
Vitamin C 10
[0033]
Example 8
The following ingredients were mixed and then filled into a gelatin capsule to obtain a 250 mg soft capsule.
(Composition) (g)
Soybean extract (Soiact (Kikkoman Corporation)) 20
Tea extract (Theafranc 90S (Itoen Co., Ltd.)) 20
Prey extract (alcohol extract, dried product) 10
Triglyceride (rapeseed oil) 50
[0034]
【The invention's effect】
Since the PPAR-dependent gene transcription activator of the present invention has an excellent PPAR activation action and is highly safe, it can be used as an agent for preventing or improving obesity, diabetes, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance. Useful.
[0035]
[Sequence Listing]
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