JP4712896B1 - Control device for voltage stabilization of permanent magnet generator - Google Patents

Abstract

An externally wound solenoid coil is used to increase the inductance and control a small droop current without increasing the number of turns of an output winding and a control winding.
In a control device for a permanent magnet generator having a permanent magnet member as a rotor and a winding wound around the outside of the rotor, output windings 10 and 11 wound inside the stator and outside the stator. An output-side winding including the arranged output-winding side solenoid coil 141, and a control-side solenoid coil 142 connected in series with the output-side winding and arranged outside the stator. The control switch 12 that is disposed between the side solenoid coils 142 and flows part of the current generated in the output windings 10 and 11 to the control side solenoid coil 142 and a sensor that detects the power generation voltage by the output windings 10 and 11 A controller 18 is provided for controlling the control switch 12 in response to a detection signal from 16.
[Selection] Figure 3

Description

  The present invention relates to a control device that uses a winding and a switch of a permanent magnet generator including a stator attached to a housing and a rotor having a permanent magnet member that rotates relative to the stator to make the voltage constant.

  Conventionally, improvement in the efficiency of a generator has been a major issue in the face of demand for energy saving. Conventionally, the structure of the generator has been mainly a system in which a rotor is an electromagnet and a magnetic field is generated using an electric current to generate power. However, it has been found that when a permanent magnet is used in a generator, the efficiency is improved because no current flows through the electromagnet. However, in a generator using a permanent magnet, the magnetic force of the permanent magnet does not change, and the voltage changes drastically when the rotation of the generator changes. Could not be used. Since permanent magnet generators use permanent magnets for the rotor, the structure is simple and a large amount of generated power can be obtained. In recent years, systems incorporating DC-DC converters have been incorporated into automobile generators and wind power generators. Etc. have been used more often. Permanent magnet generators, for example, can transmit their generated power to an electric motor, even if the voltage fluctuates, and their functions can be fully achieved.However, this power is used as the voltage of the battery driving various electrical devices. When matching, voltage fluctuation must be adjusted to a constant voltage. Many researchers have researched on generators using permanent magnets, and once generated permanent magnet generators are converted to direct current, and the power is set to a constant voltage by switching time control using a regulator. Although a DC-DC converter system was developed, since it is necessary to switch all generated power, a power transistor that switches large power with high voltage and large current is required. There are problems such as getting worse. In other words, in order to make the voltage generated by a car, wind power, etc. constant, permanent magnet generators must be operated to cut power using a switching regulator, etc. In order to turn off, a large-sized power transistor is required, the apparatus becomes large, the cooling loss increases, and it becomes extremely expensive. The larger the passing current, the more easily the power transistor is destroyed due to the heat generated in the switch resistance, and there is a problem that the insulation between the emitter and the collector is broken if the voltage is too high. It is durable and inexpensive.

  For example, a permanent magnet generator used in a hybrid vehicle, an electric vehicle or the like must lower the generated voltage at high speeds, but must increase the generated voltage at extremely low speeds. When the voltage is adjusted by a converter, a step-down circuit must be used to drop the voltage, and a step-up circuit must be used to raise the voltage, which makes the control device complicated and expensive.

  In addition, when the current is chopped in order to keep the generated voltage constant, the generated surge voltage and current trigger radio interference, and the action of the snubber necessary for the noise countermeasure is more difficult for high voltage and large current. .

  After that, the method of weakening the magnetic force of the permanent magnet was actively researched and announced in various ways. For example, a permanent magnet rotating electric machine does not require a reactive current regulator or mechanical displacement mechanism that requires a large converter or reactor, is simple, has a small number of parts, is compact, and has excellent reliability. Is known to be adjustable. The permanent magnet rotary generator is provided with a stator having an armature winding group, a rotor having a field pole made of a permanent magnet, and a control current set separately, and a magnetic path forming unit for magnetic flux from the permanent magnet And a control circuit that controls a voltage induced in the armature winding group by controlling a control current flowing in the control winding group (for example, a patent) Reference 1).

  Moreover, what implement | achieves a highly efficient generator is proposed. The generator is provided with a first object having a winding and a second object having an iron core and a permanent magnet, and the inductance is asymmetrical with respect to the straight axis so that the reluctance force is effectively utilized, and the high efficiency. (See, for example, Patent Document 2).

  Further, as an electric machine that can be operated as a known AC generator, a rotor, a stator, at least one winding provided to conduct in the stator, and the first winding, Has a secondary winding electrically insulated and inductively coupled to the first winding, and the secondary winding is used to control at least one of the output voltage and current of the first winding. Possible methods have been proposed. However, it is difficult to weaken the magnetic force used in the generator by the various methods as described above, and it is not practically used. (For example, refer to Patent Document 3).

  In addition, a rotor composed of permanent magnets and a winding wound in a stator provided outside the rotor, an output winding with a small number of turns, a control winding having a large number of turns, and a solenoid are connected in series, There is a system in which a transistor switch is placed in the middle, the current flowing through these systems is increased when the output winding voltage is high, and the current is decreased when the output winding voltage is low (see, for example, Patent Document 4). ).

  On the other hand, a hybrid vehicle uses a DC-DC converter or a phase control system, which cuts the power rectified by power generation as necessary, converts it into direct current having a constant voltage mainly by stepping down, and inverters as needed. Although a system for converting to AC and driving a motor has been put into practical use, since high-voltage, high-current power is switched as it is, the size of the device hinders the spread of miniaturization of hybrid vehicles. In the phase control method, there is a problem that the power factor of the output greatly decreases when the voltage is lowered. On the other hand, the amount of electricity used in automobiles has risen steadily, the energy problem has become more serious, and the efficiency of the currently used Landel generator has become unacceptable. Under such a situation of an automobile generator, a power generation mechanism having a simple structure and reliable controllability is required.

  Generally, in order to perform magnetic flux control electrically, a plurality of different types of windings are wound around a winding of a generator, and a current synchronized by an inverter is passed through one winding to counter the direction of the magnetic force of the permanent magnet. Many engineers have tried to study it. However, with this method, in order to apply a reverse electromagnetic force to the magnetic force of the permanent magnet, it is necessary to create an opposite current and voltage similar to the generated voltage generated by the permanent magnet by an inverter. The control system became increasingly difficult. Also, this method was not successful because the magnetic force of the electromagnet created in a separate circuit disappeared the permanent magnet.

JP 2004-320972 A JP 2003-245000 A JP 2006-529076 A Japanese Patent No. 4227189

  The present inventors have developed and manufactured a control device for a permanent magnet generator according to the invention described in Patent Document 4, and as a result of repeated experiments at a research institute in Kanagawa Prefecture, it is possible to reduce the current without using a magnetic flux control device. Thus, it was confirmed that the effect of maintaining the output voltage within a certain range and always controlling the output voltage to a desired voltage and not causing demagnetization of the magnetic force of the permanent magnet was achieved. In particular, it has been confirmed that an advantageous effect is obtained when the rated voltage is relatively low, for example, 14V or 24V.

  However, when the power generation voltage becomes high, for example, in a 200V-AC generator, the voltage at a high speed becomes very high, and there is a problem that a switching element (FET) having a high withstand voltage must be used. That is, in the patent invention described in Patent Document 4, the winding wound around the stator is composed of an output winding having a small number of turns and a control winding having a large number of turns, and a control switch is provided between both windings, In response to fluctuations, the control switch is duty controlled, and in response to the increase in voltage at the time of winding switching, a small current is passed through the voltage control winding to instantaneously drop the voltage and maintain a constant voltage. It is characterized in that a desired voltage is always controlled while suppressing a rise or drop in the voltage. Therefore, according to the patent invention described in Patent Document 4, when the number of turns of the winding is increased, the voltage increases. On the other hand, unless the number of turns is increased to a certain extent, the inductance does not increase and the current of the drooping characteristic does not decrease. Therefore, when applied to an AC generator in which the generated voltage is high, it is impossible to avoid that the voltage at high speed becomes very high. For example, the voltage value is 220 V (AC) / 2000 rpm, 440 V / 4000 rpm, and 660 V / 6000 rpm for the output side power. Since this value is an effective value, the peak voltage is 1.4 times that. Moreover, if the number of turns of the control winding is four times that of the output winding, the voltage will be four times higher, and will be 2640 V at 6000 rpm. This voltage is a very large value for the switching element / FET or IGBT, and generally exceeds the withstand voltage 600V of the commercially available FET / IGBT. For this reason, when the power generation voltage is increased, it is necessary to use a switching element having a high withstand voltage that is very expensive (about 100 times that of a general 1000V withstand voltage FET). The problem of pushing up occurs.

  The present invention simplifies the device by combining an output winding, an output winding side solenoid coil, and a control side solenoid coil, and controls the drooping current by increasing the inductance without increasing the number of winding turns. An object of the present invention is to provide a control device for a permanent magnet generator that can be used, and to provide a generator that can maintain a constant voltage regardless of whether the rotational speed is small or large. That is, an object of the present invention is to provide a control device for a permanent magnet generator that can greatly increase the rotation region of the generator and maintain a constant voltage from an extremely low speed to an ultrahigh speed.

In order to achieve this object, the invention according to claim 1 is a rotor shaft that is rotatably supported by a housing, a rotor that is fixed to the rotor shaft and has a plurality of permanent magnet members attached to the outer peripheral side, and In a control device for a permanent magnet generator comprising a stator with a winding wound outside, an output winding wound inside the stator and an output winding arranged outside the stator and connected in series with the output winding A wire side solenoid coil, a control side solenoid coil connected in series with the output side solenoid coil and disposed outside the stator, and disposed between the output winding side solenoid coil and the control side solenoid coil. A control switch for passing a part of the current generated in the output winding to the control-side solenoid coil and increasing or decreasing the current Controls an output terminal that is set between the said control switch in response to the detection signal from the sensor for detecting the generated voltage generated in the output winding of the control switch and the output winding side solenoid coil Thus, a controller for controlling the generated voltage to the set voltage is provided.

  Here, a neutral point terminal capable of selectively changing the position of the neutral point is provided in the middle of the number of turns of the output winding or at the beginning of the winding, and the current flowing to the neutral point is intermittently supplied to the neutral point terminal. Each possible neutral point switch is arranged, and the rotational speed of the rotor shaft is detected by a rotational speed sensor, and the neutral point switch is selectively turned on and off according to the rotational speed of the rotor shaft by the controller. It is preferable to convert.

  Moreover, it is preferable that one end of the output winding is star-connected as a three-phase AC generator and the end of the control-side solenoid coil is connected in a star shape.

  In addition, the controller performs ON / OFF control of the control switch in response to the detection signal from the voltage sensor, increases the current flowing through the control side solenoid coil in response to the high power generation voltage, and responds to the low power generation voltage. It is preferable that the set voltage is controlled to a constant voltage by reducing the current flowing through the control side solenoid coil.

Also, the signal from the rotation speed sensor controller for detecting a rotational speed of the rotor shaft, when the predetermined rotational speed or more, the number of turns of the output winding is ON the neutral switch the smaller, or less than a predetermined rotational speed At this time, it is preferable to turn on the neutral point switch on the side where the number of turns of the output winding is large to prevent a significant voltage increase at high speed.

  In addition, the controller turns on the neutral point switch on the side where the number of turns of the output winding is large when the rotation speed is less than a predetermined value based on a signal from the rotation sensor that detects the rotation speed of the rotor shaft, and sets the voltage at extremely low speed. It is preferable to increase the power generation output.

The control device of a permanent magnet generator according to the present invention converts a three-phase alternating current drawn from the output line connected to the output terminal into a DC voltage by a rectifier with voltage-converting the voltage variations 換To lance, It is preferable to connect to a storage battery having a voltage different from that of the output line .

The control device of a permanent magnet generator according to the present invention, the main power switch to the output line, a power storage battery switch is provided on the battery side, the controller is ON the main power switch and battery switch according to the load conditions, It is preferable to perform OFF control.

Further, it is preferable that the controller performs control to turn off all the neutral point switches when an abnormality is found in the output winding or when the rotational speed increases abnormally .

  Furthermore, an electric motor switching switch is provided in the output terminal portion arranged between the output winding side solenoid coil and the output winding, and one of the electric motor switching switches is connected to the output terminal portion on the output winding side and the other end. It is preferable that the motor can be operated as a motor by supplying a current to the output winding side in accordance with a phase timing at which the motor can be driven by the controller by connecting the unit to the battery via the controller.

Here, an electric motor switching switch is provided in an output terminal portion arranged between the output winding and the output winding side solenoid coil, and one of the electric motor switching switches is used as an output terminal portion on the output winding side. The other end is connected to the battery via the controller, and the current is supplied to the output winding side in accordance with the phase timing that can be driven by the controller, so that the motor can be operated and the controller rotates during motor operation. The sensor detects the number of rotations. When the number of rotations is low, connect a neutral point switch with a large number of turns.When the number of rotations is large, connect a neutral point switch with the smaller number of turns. It is preferable to perform ON / OFF control and ON / OFF control of the motor switching switch.

  According to the control device for a permanent magnet generator of the present invention, an output winding wound inside a stator and an output winding arranged outside the stator are wound around a generator winding (stator coil) having a very simple structure. Side solenoid coil and control side solenoid coil are connected, and output side winding is composed of output winding and output winding side solenoid coil, and control side winding is composed of control side solenoid coil. Since the wire and the control side winding are connected in series and the output voltage is controlled to be constant with a small current using the drooping characteristics of the total number of turns, the number of turns of the output side winding and the control side winding The droop current can be controlled by increasing the inductance without increasing the current. The generator of the present invention is significantly different from the conventional generator, and when the output winding is used, the drooping characteristics change so that the current is large and the voltage is small as shown in FIG. If the overall winding with the control side winding added to the output side winding is large, the voltage increases but the current droops in a very small state. There is a very large difference in the no-load voltage characteristics between the whole winding and the output winding with a small number of turns. The two windings, the output side winding and the control side winding, are connected in series. When voltage controllability by counter electromotive force with a large number of windings is used and a minute current is passed through this winding system, the voltage at the output side winding terminal decreases due to this drooping characteristic, and the control switch is turned ON, When the current is adjusted by turning OFF, the voltage of the output terminal can be made constant. In other words, the control switch is turned on and off in response to load fluctuations, and the entire winding corresponds to the rise in the voltage of the output terminal arranged at the end of the output winding side solenoid coil, that is, the output side winding voltage. A constant current can be maintained by causing a minute current to flow through the capacitor, and a constant voltage can be maintained, and a desired voltage (set voltage) can always be controlled by suppressing an instantaneous increase or decrease in voltage.

That is, assuming that the output winding side solenoid coil has a winding number N1 and the control side solenoid coil has a winding number N2, when the output winding side solenoid coil is used alone, inductance L ₁ = μ · A · N1 ² / l, control when using side solenoid coil alone becomes _{L 2 = μ · a · N2} 2 / l, however when connected in series _{L 3 = μ · a · (} N1 + N2) 2 / l next _{L 1} of more than twice the value . By multiplying the voltage to the two solenoid coils connected in series E = I · 2π · f · L 3/1000 , and the current is below 1 / 2-1 / 5 when flowing through the output winding side solenoid coil alone To reduce. Here, l is the magnetic path length of each solenoid coil core, A is the sectional area of the solenoid core, and μ is the magnetic permeability. This effect is the same for the stator winding.

The generated voltage increases in proportion to the number of turns of the output winding, and this voltage decreases according to the sum of the product of the winding impedance and current and the sum of the impedance and current products of the output winding side solenoid coil. Therefore, when the current to the control side winding, that is, the control side solenoid coil is increased to a predetermined voltage, the voltage of the output winding side solenoid coil terminal decreases, and when the current is decreased, the output winding side solenoid coil, that is, the output voltage. Becomes constant. When the output is small, the voltage is controlled by the current flowing to the control side. The calculation formula is shown below.
Formula VA characteristics (1) About electromotive force Eo Eo = 4.44 · Φ · f · Ws -------- (1)
(2) Terminal voltage E E = Eo−E1−E2
= 4.44 · Φ · f · Ws -I 1 (R 1 2 + (2πfL 11/1000) 2) 1/2
^{_{-I 2 (R 2 2 + (}} 2πf · L 31/1000) 2) 1/2 -------- (2)
(3) the current flowing into the control side, i.e. the current I ₂ flowing through the control switch = [4.44 · Φ · f · Ws- I 1 · (R 1 2 + (2πf · L 11/1000) 2) 1/2 -E] / _{^{[R 2 2 + (2πf · L}} 31/1000)) 2 ] ^1/2 -------- (3)
However, the symbols in the formula are as follows.
Eo: electromotive voltage of the output winding, E: predetermined voltage desired (set voltage), E1: drop voltage when the current I ₁ to the output winding, E2: output winding + output winding side solenoid coil + Voltage drop at average current I ₂ flowing through the entire control side solenoid coil, R ₁ : Output winding + resistance of output winding side solenoid coil, Φ: Strength of magnetic force, R ₂ : Output winding + output winding Total resistance value of line side solenoid coil + control side solenoid coil, f: frequency, L ₁₁ : output winding + total inductance of output winding side solenoid coil, Ws: number of windings, I ₁ : flows to output winding terminal Current, I ₂ : Current flowing to the control side solenoid coil side, L ₃₁ : Inductance of output winding + Mutual inductance of output winding side solenoid coil and control side solenoid coil.

Here, the winding current decreases as the number of windings increases. On the other hand, the electromotive voltage generated by the permanent magnet increases as the number of windings increases. It is desirable that the voltage can be reduced and controlled. If the values of the inductances L ₁ , L ₂ , L ₃ , and L ₁₁ of the output side winding and the control side winding can be increased in the above equation, the control current value I ₂ can be further reduced. Therefore, the effect of adding the output winding side solenoid coil and the control side solenoid coil arranged outside the stator is extremely effective in the generator that requires a large current. However, because it provides a very large and too the output side of the voltage drop L _11, mutual inductance effects of the solenoid coil is important.

  In addition, as shown in the above equation, the terminal voltage of the output side winding and the control side winding is determined by the voltage obtained by subtracting the product of the current flowing through each winding and the inductance from the electromotive voltage, but the number of turns is large. As the electromotive voltage increases, a large inductance is required to reduce the voltage. Therefore, in order to control the voltage without increasing the electromotive voltage, the output winding side solenoid disposed outside the stator, for example, a position not interlinked with the magnetic flux of the rotor without increasing the number of windings wound in the stator. It is effective to increase the inductance and control the drooping current by adding the coil and the control side solenoid coil.

  In addition, a neutral point switch that can interrupt the current flowing to the neutral point is connected to the middle or the beginning of the winding of the output winding so that the position of the neutral point can be selectively changed. If the neutral point position is changed by selectively switching the neutral point switch with the controller according to the number of rotations, the voltage that rises as the rotational speed increases is output by changing the neutral point position. Since the number of windings of the wire can be changed and suppressed, the range of the applied rotation speed can be expanded without being limited by the rotation speed.

The permanent magnet type generator to which the control apparatus by this invention is applied is shown, (A) is a front view, (B) is a side view. It is a graph which shows the drooping characteristic of an output winding and a whole winding. It is a circuit diagram which shows one Example of the control apparatus of the permanent magnet type generator by this invention. FIG. 4 is a process flow diagram showing the operation of the control device for the permanent magnet generator of FIG. 3. It is a figure which shows the structure of a solenoid coil. It is a circuit diagram which uses the permanent magnet type generator by this invention as an electric motor.

  Hereinafter, the configuration of the present invention will be described in detail based on embodiments shown in the drawings.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the permanent magnet generator in which the control device according to this embodiment is incorporated can be rotated via a pair of bearings 4 in a housing 34 including a front housing 3 and a rear housing 5. A rotor shaft 1 supported by the rotor shaft, a rotor 35 composed of a permanent magnet member 7 fixed to the rotor shaft 1, and a stator or stator 2 disposed on the outer peripheral side of the rotor 35 and fixed to a housing 34. Has been. The stator 2 includes a stator core 36 and a stator coil 8 wound around the stator core 36. Further, the rotor shaft 1 is provided with an input means (not shown) such as an input pulley for receiving a driving force from a driving source such as an engine or a windmill at one end thereof. In this generator, both ends of the rotor shaft 1 constituting the rotor 35 are rotatably supported by the housing 34 with bearings 4. The rotor 35 includes a magnetically permeable member 37 disposed on the outer periphery of the rotor shaft 1, a permanent magnet member 7 including a plurality of permanent magnet pieces disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the magnetically permeable member 37, and an outer peripheral surface of the permanent magnet member 7. A cylindrical sleeve 40 made of a non-magnetic material fixed to is provided. End plates 38 made of a non-magnetic material are respectively disposed on both end surfaces of the permanent magnet member 7 and the magnetically permeable member 37 constituting the rotor 35, and are fixed to the rotor shaft 1 integrally by fixing means such as nuts and flanges. ing. The rear housing 5 is provided with a cover 6 that covers the rectifiers 15 and 21, an output terminal 9 is provided on the cover 6, and solenoid coils 141 and 142 are provided outside the front housing 3. Has been. Here, although the solenoid coils 141 and 142 are disposed outside the stator, in the present specification, the term “arranged outside the stator with respect to the solenoid coil” means that the solenoid coils 141 and 142 are disposed so as not to interlink with the magnetic flux of the rotor. Is. In other words, it is sufficient that it is not interlinked with the magnetic flux of the rotor, and the installation position is not particularly limited. For example, as long as the magnetic flux of the rotor described above is magnetically shielded so as not to interlink, it may be installed inside the housing or may be arranged outside the motor casing. The stator coil 8 is wound up in a slot portion formed between the comb portions of the stator core 36, and the slot portion is filled with a nonmagnetic material in order to form and fix the stator coil 8 to the stator core 36. Further, in this specification, the output winding constituting the stator coil 8 includes a plurality of windings, that is, output windings 10 and 11, and further outputs an output winding added with an output winding side solenoid 141. It is called side winding. The control side winding is constituted by a control side solenoid coil 142. The concept including the output side winding and the control side winding is referred to as an entire winding or a winding system. Incidentally, reference numeral 143 in the figure indicates a neutral point on the control side solenoid coil 142 side.

An embodiment of a control device for a permanent magnet generator according to the present invention will be described with reference to the circuit diagram of FIG. The windings 10 and 11 constituting the stator coil 8 are wound, for example, on a comb portion of the stator core 36 of the stator 2, and a first neutral point switch 391 is provided at the neutral point of the three-phase alternating current. , V, and W are connected to each other, the output coil, that is, the output windings 10 and 11 are connected in series, and immediately after that, the output winding side solenoid coil 141 is connected, and the other end of the solenoid coil 141 is connected to the other end. The output line 41 and the control switch 12 are connected via the output terminal 9, and the control-side solenoid coil 142 is further connected. That is, the output terminal 9 set between the output winding side solenoid coil 141 and the control switch 12 is provided. The terminal on the opposite side of the output winding 10 has an output winding 11 having another number of turns, and a second neutral point switch 392 that connects the three phases between the output windings 10 and 11 respectively. Exists. In the case of the present embodiment, there is a control switch between the output side winding constituted by the output windings 10 and 11 and the output winding side solenoid coil 141 and the control side constituted by the control side solenoid coil 142. The output line 41 is connected to the terminal / output terminal 9 of the output winding side solenoid 141, and the output line 41 is connected to the load 17 via the rectifier 15. A voltage detection comparator 16 is provided in parallel to the load 17. Further, the output windings 10 and 11 are provided with sensors 28 for detecting the rotation speed and the pole position. Detection signals from the voltage detection comparator 16 and the sensor 28 are input to the controller 18. The controller 18 is configured to control ON / OFF of the control switch 12 and the neutral point switches 391 and 392 in response to the detection signals. A neutral point on the output winding side is constituted by connection of either the first neutral point switch 391 or the second neutral point switch 392. Furthermore, the main power switch 53 to an output line 41 connected to the output terminal 9 of the output winding 10, 11, the electric storage battery switch 52 is provided on the battery 25 side, these main power switch 53 and the storage battery switch 52 ON / OFF control is performed by the controller 18 in accordance with the load status. In some cases, a battery 54 may be provided on the output side. In this embodiment, the output winding is composed of two types of windings 10 and 11 having different numbers of turns, and the output winding 10 has a larger number of turns than the output winding 11.

  In the control device for the permanent magnet generator, the use area of the output of the generator having a plurality of windings 10 and 11 is defined by the rotation speed and the load, and the control of the generator is limited, thereby simplifying the control device. Can be made. By specifying the region for the rotation of the rotor 35 and the fluctuation of the load 17, it can be quickly adapted. However, when the current flowing to the control-side solenoid coil 142 side is controlled by the control switch 12 provided in the path of the winding system, the control is performed to smooth the voltage when the control switch 12 is turned on and off and the voltage greatly fluctuates. The mechanism becomes complicated. Therefore, the output winding side solenoid coil 141 is disposed on the output windings 10 and 11, and the control side solenoid coil 142 is disposed on the terminal side of the output winding 11, respectively. Voltage fluctuation is reduced by using a resistor. In the output line 41 at the end of the output winding side solenoid coil 141, the output voltage drops drastically when a current flows through the control side solenoid coil 142, so the output winding side solenoid coil 141 and the control side solenoid coil 142 are arranged. Installation is an important technical feature. In order to stabilize the voltage, it is effective to sandwich a capacitor (not shown) at the output end in parallel. On the other hand, by inserting a capacitor (not shown) between the output lines of the three-phase generator, the voltage rises, and as a result, the output increases. Therefore, there is an effect of compensating for a voltage drop caused by the output side solenoid coil 141. One end of the output winding 10 is star-connected as a three-phase AC generator and is connected to neutral point switches 391 and 392. The end of the control-side solenoid coil 142 is connected in a star shape and is set so as to be able to hold a constant voltage from an extremely low speed to an ultrahigh speed by the output windings 10 and 11 in response to changes in the rotational speed. The output line 41 is connected to a low voltage terminal line 51 connected to the winding 42 of the voltage drop transformer 45, and is connected to another rectifier 21 via a secondary winding 43 that outputs a drop voltage. The That is, since the output line 41 is an alternating current controlled to a constant voltage at all times, a stable power source 25 having a different voltage can be obtained by controlling so that another voltage is obtained using this power.

  This controller for the permanent magnet generator controls the current to the control-side solenoid coil 142 by increasing or decreasing the current via the control switch 12 that can make the switching time variable, but the solenoid coils 141 and 142 are controlled. Therefore, when these solenoid coils 141 and 142 are wound around the same core 55 as shown in FIG. 5, a synergistic effect of inductance acts, and when the frequency is large, the inductance increases and the resistance increases proportionally. Even if the current flowing through this system is reduced and the generated voltage of the generator is considerably increased, the product of the impedance and current causes a voltage drop action, and the voltage of the output line 41 is kept constant. Since the current flowing through the control system becomes a reactive power load, the flowing current is small and the copper loss is reduced. As shown in FIG. 2, according to the control characteristics indicated by the broken line, the current flowing to the control side solenoid coil 142 side becomes A1 ampere even if it flows to the maximum because the voltage becomes 0 when the A1 current flows. In order to obtain the set voltage V1, the ON time of the control switch 12 is duty-controlled, and a current of A21 amperes at 2000 rpm and an A22 ampere at 4000 rpm may be supplied.

The control device for the permanent magnet generator includes a voltage adjusting switch, that is, a control switch 12 and an output terminal 9 and a control solenoid that are set downstream of the output winding side solenoid coil 141 connected to the output windings 10 and 11. The winding structure is characterized by being arranged in the middle of the coil 142. In particular, the arrangement of the control switch 12 is an important component. The feature of the control device for the permanent magnet generator is that the output windings 10 and 11 are used. Therefore, the generated voltage of the generator is 600 V or more at the terminal of the output winding 11. When the control switch 12 is OFF, the current is 0 amperes, so the voltage is 600V in the no-load state, and when it is ON, the voltage drops by the output winding side solenoid coil 141, and the average value is a predetermined voltage. Therefore, the voltages of the output windings 10 and 11 can be controlled to be constant. On the other hand, when the number of revolutions of the generator becomes very large, a plurality of outputs can be output for one load voltage by changing the output windings 10 and 11 using the neutral point switches 391 and 392 in an extremely low speed state. It is possible to obtain an output from a very low speed to a high speed by using the windings 10 and 11. This method is useful for regenerating brake energy of an electric vehicle or the like.

  With reference to the process flowchart of FIG. 4, the control apparatus of the permanent magnet generator according to the circuit diagram of FIG. 3 will be described. When the rotational speed of the generator becomes very large, it reaches 1000 V at the terminal portion of the output winding 11. Therefore, in order to perform control with a voltage that does not cause any problem in the control system even when the rotational speed is very large, a second neutral point switch 392 is placed between the output windings 10 and 11 and the end of the output winding 10 is By turning off the first neutral point switch 391 and turning on the second neutral point switch 392, the neutral point position is changed and only the output winding 11 is connected to the neutral point to generate power. The voltage is kept low. On the other hand, when the external output winding side solenoid 141 and the control side solenoid coil 142 arranged at positions not interlinked with the magnetic flux of the rotor are added, when the control switch 12 is turned on, the current is reduced due to the mutual inductance effect. At the same time, the voltage at the end of the output winding side solenoid 141, that is, the output line 41, drops to 100V or less due to the voltage drop action of the output winding side solenoid coil 141. No surge voltage is generated. In general, when the control switch 12 is intermittently connected at the tip of the output winding 11, the voltage is high, which causes major troubles such as damage to the control switch 12 and generation of sparks due to surge voltage. On the other hand, since the control device for the permanent magnet generator is set to a position that is the wake of the output winding side solenoid coil 141, even if the control switch 12 is switched from ON to OFF, Since the voltage generated at the terminal of the control switch 12 is low, it does not cause a large damage. Further, the control switch 12 is configured to increase the current if the voltage is increased by an input from the voltage detection comparator (comparator) 16 for holding a constant voltage placed at the load terminal. The terminal voltage is controlled to be kept constant by shortening the opening time when the open time is long and the voltage is lowered. Since the control switch 12 is arranged between the output winding side solenoid coil 141 and the control side solenoid coil 142, a part of the current generated in the output winding 11 due to ON / OFF of the control switch 12 is controlled by the control side solenoid. Intermittent current flowing through the coil 142 is averaged, and acts as if the amount of current changes. If the rotational speed is low, the neutral point switches 391 and 392 are switched, and the output windings of the number of turns composed of the original two windings 10 and 11 are restored. On the other hand, when the output winding 11 side is used as a normal output winding and the rotational speed of the engine becomes extremely low, for example, about 450 rpm to 800 rpm, the voltage at the extremely low speed can be obtained by using the two output windings 10 and 11. Can be raised.

  When the start switch is turned on and a start is instructed, a signal from the sensor 28 for detecting the rotational speed N and a signal from the comparator 16 for detecting the voltage V are obtained (step S30), and whether the rotational speed N is smaller than a predetermined speed N1. In step S31, if the rotational speed N is lower than the predetermined speed N1, the neutral point switch 392 is turned off and the neutral point switch 391 is turned on in order to use the output windings 10 and 11. (Step S32). If the rotational speed N is greater than the predetermined speed N1, the neutral point switch 392 is turned on and the neutral point switch 391 is turned off in order to use the output winding 11 having the smaller number of turns among the output windings ( Step S33). Next, it is determined whether or not the output voltage V detected by the voltage detector 16 is greater than an upper limit value (V1 + α, α indicates an allowable range) of a preset voltage (referred to as a set voltage V1, for example, 300V). (Step S34) When the set voltage is larger than the upper limit (V1 + α), the ON time of the control switch 12 is lengthened, the current flowing through the control side solenoid coil 142 is increased (Step S35), and the voltage of the output line 41 is decreased. To do. The output voltages of the output windings 10 and 11 are largely determined by the current flowing to the output line 41 side due to the load and the drop voltage of the output side impedance, and the current flowing to the control side solenoid coil 142 and the drop voltage of the impedance when the control switch 12 is ON. Descend. When the detected voltage V is not larger than the upper limit value (V1 + α) of the set voltage in step S34, it is determined whether or not the detected voltage V is larger than the lower limit value (V1−α) of the set voltage (step S39). If it is larger than the lower limit value (V1-α), it is kept as it is for Δt time (step S40). On the other hand, if the detected voltage V is smaller than the lower limit value (V1-α) of the set voltage, the current flowing to the control side solenoid coil 142 side is decreased to increase the voltage (step S41). Next, it is determined whether or not the output voltage V is smaller than the upper limit value (V1 + α) of the set voltage (step S36). When the output voltage V is not smaller than the upper limit value (V1 + α) of the set voltage, the process returns to step S35. The process of increasing the current flowing through the output winding 11, that is, the process of decreasing the voltage is repeated. On the other hand, when the output voltage V becomes smaller than the upper limit value (V1 + α) of the set voltage, it is determined whether or not the output voltage V is larger than the lower limit value (V1−α) of the set voltage (step S37). If the output voltage V is larger than the lower limit value (V1-α) of the set voltage, it is held as it is for Δt time (step S38). If the output voltage V is not larger than the lower limit value (V1-α) of the set voltage in step S37, that is, if the voltage V is smaller than the lower limit value (V1-α) of the set voltage, the output winding 11 The current flowing in is reduced and the voltage is increased (step S41). Next, it is determined whether or not the output voltage V is greater than the lower limit value (V1-α) of the set voltage (step S42). If the detected voltage V is greater than the lower limit value (V1-α) of the set voltage, Δt is left as it is. The time is held (step S43). Conversely, if the detected voltage V is smaller than the lower limit value (V1-α) of the set voltage, the current flowing through the output winding 11 is decreased and the voltage is increased (step S41). In addition, when abnormality is discovered in the winding of a generator by the diagnosis by the diagnosis function generally provided in the generator control device that is performed after the start, or when the rotation speed increases abnormally, the controller 18 is neutral. Control is performed to turn off all of the point switches 391 and 392.

The permanent magnet generator according to the present invention can be used as a motor as a rotating electric machine. Therefore, FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of a control device when the generator according to the present invention is used as an electric motor. In order to use the generator as a motor, this control device uses an output terminal portion 13 disposed between the output windings 10 and 11 constituting the stator coil 8 of the generator and the output winding side solenoid coil 141. An electric motor changeover switch 56 is provided, one of the electric motor changeover switches 56 is connected to the output terminal portion 13 on the output windings 10 and 11 side, and the other end is connected to the battery 54 via the controller 18. In accordance with the phase timing at which the motor can be driven, current is supplied to the output windings 10 and 11 so that the motor can be operated. That is, the position of the permanent magnet of the rotor is detected by the sensor 28, and a current from a commutator set so as to create a pole different from the pole of the permanent magnet in front of the position is sent. That is, the motor changeover switch 56 is turned on by the signal from the controller 18, the main power generation switch 53 is turned off, and the controller 18 generates a current in the winding of the stator coil 8 so as to create a magnetic field at the position where the rotor electromagnet 7 is attracted. To drive the motor. Here, the controller 18 detects the number of rotations by the rotation sensor 28, and when the number of rotations is small, a neutral point switch having a large number of turns of the output winding is connected, and when the number of rotations is large, the number of turns of the output winding is small. The neutral point switches 391 and 392 are ON / OFF controlled so that the neutral point switch is connected, and the motor switching switch 56 is ON / OFF controlled. In the present embodiment including two neutral point switches 391 and 392, when the rotational speed is smaller than a predetermined value based on a signal from the rotation sensor 28, the second neutral point switch 392 is turned off and the first neutral point switch 391 is turned on. When the rotational speed is large, the first neutral point switch 391 is turned off and the second neutral point switch 392 is turned on, so that the driving force can be increased at low speed and decreased at high speed. . In the present embodiment, the battery 54 serving as a power source for using the generator as an electric motor is shared with the battery 54 that stores the output of the generator. However, in some cases, another battery may be used.

  The above-described embodiment is an example of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but is not limited thereto, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. For example, in the present embodiment, two windings 10 and 11 are connected in series as an output winding constituting the stator coil 8, and between the two windings 10 and 11, that is, in the middle of the number of turns of the output winding. And a neutral point terminal is provided at the end of the winding 10, that is, at the beginning of winding of the output winding, and is connected to the second neutral point switch 392. The neutral point terminal can be selectively pulled out by connecting to each of the point switches 392. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the output winding, that is, the stator coil 8 is constituted by three or more windings. The neutral point terminal may be selectively pulled out at the beginning of the winding and at the beginning of the winding, that is, three or more neutral point switches may be provided to selectively pull out the neutral point terminal. In this case, the voltage that rises as the rotational speed increases can be suppressed by changing the number of turns of the output winding by changing the position of the neutral point. The area can be expanded. However, according to the experiments by the present inventors, it was possible to control the generated voltage to the set voltage even at a high speed of about 6000 rpm without providing a neutral point switch that can selectively pull out the neutral point terminal. .

  In the present embodiment, the output winding 10 has a larger number of turns than the output winding 11, but the number of turns among the plurality of output windings constituting the stator coil 8 is not particularly limited. Instead, even with the same number of turns, the number of turns of the output winding 11 may be larger than that of the output winding 10 in some cases.

  The generator control device according to the present invention is preferably used as, for example, an automobile generator, a wind generator, a hybrid car, an electric car generator, an energy regeneration generator of an elevator, and the generated electric power of a constant voltage is It can be applied as general power consumption for driving various devices, electric lamps, lighting, etc., or consuming in electronic devices.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Rotor shaft 2 Stator 7 Permanent magnet member 8 Winding 9 Output terminal 10 Output winding 11 Output winding 12 Control switch (duty control)
141 Output winding side solenoid coil 142 Control side solenoid coil 15, 21 Rectifier 16 Voltage detection comparator 17 Load 18 Controller 25 Battery 28 Rotation speed and pole position detection sensor 34 Housing 35 Rotor 41 Output line 42 Transformer primary coil for low voltage 43 low-voltage transformer secondary coil 45 transformer core 51 low-voltage terminal line 52 electrical storage battery switch 53 main power switch 54 battery 55 core 56 motor changeover switch 391 first neutral point switch 392 a second solenoid coil 141, 142 Neutral point switch

Claims (11)

Permanent magnet power generation comprising a rotor shaft rotatably supported by a housing, a rotor fixed to the rotor shaft and having a plurality of permanent magnet members attached to the outer peripheral side, and a stator having windings wound up outside the rotor In the machine control device, an output winding wound up in the stator, an output winding side solenoid coil arranged outside the stator and connected in series with the output winding, and connected in series with the output side solenoid coil And a current generated in the output winding to the control-side solenoid coil disposed between the control-side solenoid coil and the control-side solenoid coil disposed outside the stator. some were run and the control switch to increase or decrease the current, the control Sui and the output winding side solenoid coil of the A controller for controlling the power voltage to the set voltage by controlling the output terminal that is set between the said control switch in response to the detection signal from the sensor for detecting the generated voltage generated in the output winding of the switch And a control device for a permanent magnet generator. The control device for a permanent magnet generator according to claim 1, wherein one end of the output winding is star-connected as a three-phase AC generator, and an end of the control-side solenoid coil is connected in a star shape . The controller performs ON-OFF control of the control switch in response to a detection signal from the voltage sensor, increases the current flowing through the control-side solenoid coil in response to the high power generation voltage, and the power generation voltage is 3. The control device for a permanent magnet generator according to claim 1, wherein the set voltage is controlled to a constant voltage by reducing the current flowing through the control side solenoid coil in response to a low voltage . A neutral point terminal capable of selectively changing the position of the neutral point is provided in the middle of the number of turns of the output winding or at the beginning of the winding, and the current flowing through the neutral point can be intermittently supplied to the neutral point terminal. Each neutral point switch is arranged, and the rotational speed of the rotor shaft is detected by a rotational speed sensor, and the neutral point switch is selectively turned on and off according to the rotational speed of the rotor shaft by the controller. 2. The control device for a permanent magnet generator according to claim 1, wherein the point position is converted . The controller turns on the neutral point switch with the smaller number of turns of the output winding when the number of turns of the output winding is greater than or equal to a predetermined number of revolutions based on a signal from the rotation speed sensor. The control device for a permanent magnet generator according to claim 4, wherein the neutral point switch on the side with the larger number of turns is turned on to prevent a significant voltage increase at high speed . The controller, based on a signal from the rotation sensor, turns on the neutral point switch on the larger winding side of the output winding when the rotation is less than a predetermined rotation, raises the voltage at extremely low speed, and outputs the generated power The control device for a permanent magnet generator according to claim 4 . 7. The controller according to claim 4, wherein when the abnormality is found in the output winding or when the rotation speed is abnormally increased, the controller performs control to turn off all of the neutral point switches. Permanent magnet generator control device. Wherein said converting the three-phase alternating current drawn from driving the output line to the output terminal into a DC voltage by a rectifier with voltage-converting the voltage variations 換To lance, the current of the output line connected to a different voltage battery Item 8. The control device for the permanent magnet generator according to any one of Items 1 to 7 . The main generator switch to said output line, a power storage battery switch is provided on the battery side, wherein the controller, ON said battery switch and the main power switch in accordance with the load conditions, the permanent magnet according to claim 8 wherein the OFF control Generator control device.   An output terminal switch disposed between the output winding and the output winding side solenoid coil is provided with a motor switching switch, and one of the motor switching switches is connected to the output terminal on the output winding side. The other end is connected to a battery via the controller, and a current is supplied to the output winding side in accordance with a phase timing at which the motor can be driven by the controller, thereby enabling operation as an electric motor. The control apparatus of the permanent magnet type generator as described in any one of 1-9. An output terminal switch disposed between the output winding and the output winding side solenoid coil is provided with a motor switching switch, and one of the motor switching switches is connected to the output terminal on the output winding side. The other end is connected to the battery via the controller, and the current is supplied to the output winding side in accordance with the phase timing at which the motor can be driven by the controller. the controller detects the rotational speed by said rotation sensor, and connect speed large neutral switch the number of turns when small, so that the number of windings speed when large connects the smaller one neutral switch of the ON the neutral switch, while OFF control, either ON the motor changeover switch from claim 4 OFF control 7 1 Controller for a permanent magnet generator according to.

Images