JP4695160B2 - Sliding member - Google Patents
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- JP4695160B2 JP4695160B2 JP2008112402A JP2008112402A JP4695160B2 JP 4695160 B2 JP4695160 B2 JP 4695160B2 JP 2008112402 A JP2008112402 A JP 2008112402A JP 2008112402 A JP2008112402 A JP 2008112402A JP 4695160 B2 JP4695160 B2 JP 4695160B2
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 179
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 159
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 146
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 146
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010010904 Convulsion Diseases 0.000 description 12
- 239000001996 bearing alloy Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910001152 Bi alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000978 Pb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000357293 Leptobrama muelleri Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910020888 Sn-Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019204 Sn—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明は例えば軸受合金層のような基材の表面に金属からなるオーバレイを設けた摺動材料に関する。 The present invention relates to a sliding material in which a metal overlay is provided on the surface of a base material such as a bearing alloy layer.
軸受合金層の表面に金属オーバレイを設けた摺動部材としては、特許文献１および特許文献２が知られている。
特許文献１は、軸受合金層の表面にＰｂ合金からなるオーバレイを形成したもので、そのＰｂ合金の結晶構造は、大きな角錐体状結晶の集合体からなるマトリックス中に小さな角錐体状結晶の集合体からなる塊状体が分散した構造となっている。そして、この構造をとることにより、オーバレイの表面の保油性が向上し、非焼付性が改善されるとしている。
Patent Documents 1 and 2 are known as sliding members having a metal overlay on the surface of a bearing alloy layer.
In Patent Document 1, an overlay made of a Pb alloy is formed on the surface of a bearing alloy layer, and the crystal structure of the Pb alloy is a collection of small pyramidal crystals in a matrix made of large pyramidal crystals. It has a structure in which massive bodies are dispersed. By adopting this structure, the oil retaining property of the overlay surface is improved, and the non-seizure property is improved.
特許文献２は、Ｐｂが環境汚染物質であることから、Ｐｂ合金オーバレイに替えてＢｉまたはＢｉ合金をオーバレイに用いたもので、四面体状のＢｉまたはＢｉ合金の結晶が密に晶出することによってオーバレイの表面が細かい凹凸状となるため、保油性が向上し、非焼付性が向上するとされている。
特許文献２では、結晶サイズが一様で細かいため、オーバレイの表面が摩耗してくると、結晶間の凹の部分が次第に浅くなる。すると、保油力が減少し、また、相手軸との接触面積も増加するため、摩擦による発熱も増え、焼付を生じ易くなる。
特許文献１では、小さな角錐体状結晶からなる塊状体の存在により、オーバレイの表面積が拡大されて表面での十分な保油性が確保されるとされる。しかしながら、この特許文献１のものでは、潤滑油を保持する塊状体が大きな角錘体状結晶に囲まれているため、塊状体が保持する潤滑油が外側に出難い状態にある。このため、相手軸がオーバレイの表面に局部的に当った場合、その局部当りした部分の潤滑油が不足し勝ちとなるが、その局部当りした部分へ他の部分からの潤滑油供給が円滑に行われず、焼付きに至る恐れがある。
In Patent Document 2, since the crystal size is uniform and fine, when the surface of the overlay is worn, the concave portion between the crystals becomes gradually shallower. Then, the oil retaining force decreases and the contact area with the counterpart shaft also increases, so that heat generated by friction increases and seizure is likely to occur.
In Patent Document 1, it is said that due to the presence of a lump made of small pyramidal crystals, the surface area of the overlay is expanded, and sufficient oil retention on the surface is ensured. However, in the thing of this patent document 1, since the lump which hold | maintains lubricating oil is surrounded by the large pyramid-shaped crystal | crystallization, it exists in the state which the lubricating oil hold | maintained by a lump is hard to come out outside. For this reason, when the counterpart shaft hits the surface of the overlay locally, the lubricating oil in the part that hits the local part tends to be insufficient, but the lubricating oil supply from other parts to the part that hits the local part is smooth. There is a risk of seizure.
本発明は上記の事情に鑑みてなされたもので、その目的は、長期にわたり良好なる保油性を維持でき、しかも、潤滑油をオーバレイ表面の全体に行き渡らせることが可能で、片当たり部分が生じても焼付きに至ることを効果的に防止できる摺動部材を提供することにある。 The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and the object thereof is to maintain good oil retention over a long period of time, and furthermore, it is possible to spread the lubricating oil over the entire overlay surface, resulting in a piece-per-part. However, the object is to provide a sliding member that can effectively prevent seizure.
請求項１の発明は、オーバレイの表面に粒径１μｍ以上の大金属結晶粒子と粒径１μｍ未満の小金属結晶粒子とが存在し、前記大金属結晶粒子と小金属結晶粒子とは、隣り合う関係をもって閉ループ状に連なる３個以上の前記大金属結晶粒子のうちの少なくとも隣り合う２個の大金属結晶粒子の間に生じた凹状部分に前記小金属結晶粒子が存在するように分布し、且つ、前記小金属結晶粒子が存在する前記凹状部分どうしは、前記閉ループ状に連なる３個以上の前記大金属結晶粒子によって囲まれた凹状部分を通じて互いに繋がる形態となっており、
前記オーバレイが形成される基材は組織が微細となっている微細組織部分を有し、その微細組織部分の表面上に形成されている前記オーバレイの金属結晶粒子は粒径１μｍ未満の前記小金属結晶粒子であり、前記微細組織部分以外の部分の表面上に形成されている金属結晶粒子は粒径１μｍ以上の前記大金属結晶粒子であり、前記基材の前記微細組織部分と前記オーバレイにおける前記小金属結晶粒子との位置が対応していることを特徴とするものである。
In the first aspect of the invention, there are large metal crystal particles having a particle size of 1 μm or more and small metal crystal particles having a particle size of less than 1 μm on the surface of the overlay, and the large metal crystal particles and the small metal crystal particles are adjacent to each other. Distributed so that the small metal crystal particles are present in a concave portion formed between at least two adjacent large metal crystal particles among the three or more large metal crystal particles that are connected in a closed loop with a relationship; and The concave portions where the small metal crystal particles are present are connected to each other through a concave portion surrounded by the three or more large metal crystal particles connected in a closed loop shape .
The substrate on which the overlay is formed has a fine structure portion having a fine structure, and the metal crystal particles of the overlay formed on the surface of the fine structure portion are the small metal having a particle size of less than 1 μm. The metal crystal particles that are crystal particles and are formed on the surface of a portion other than the microstructure portion are the large metal crystal particles having a particle size of 1 μm or more, and the microstructure portion of the substrate and the overlay in the overlay The position corresponds to the small metal crystal particle .
本発明では、基材は、オーバレイを被着する部材を指し、通常の摺動部材では、裏金層上に軸受合金層および中間層を被着した部材を指す。ただし、場合によっては、中間層を省くこともあるし、例えば鉄材からなる半割状基材に直接オーバレイを被着することもある。 In the present invention, the base material refers to a member on which an overlay is applied, and in a normal sliding member, refers to a member in which a bearing alloy layer and an intermediate layer are applied on a back metal layer. However, in some cases, the intermediate layer may be omitted, or the overlay may be directly applied to a halved base material made of, for example, an iron material.
この請求項１の構成を模式化すると、例えば図１（ａ）のようになる。図１（ａ）は、一例としてＡｌ系軸受合金層の表面にＡｇの中間層を電気めっきによって被着し、その表面にＢｉのオーバレイを電気めっきによって被着した場合の当該オーバレイ表面の電子顕微鏡写真を模式化したものである。電気めっきにより粒径が１μｍ未満の結晶粒子を形成するためには、例えばめっき前に軸受合金層の表面にレーザ光を照射する。レーザ光が照射された部分は加熱急冷されて組織が微細となるので、その後にめっきを行ったとき、軸受合金層の微細組織部分では、主として粒径が１μｍ未満の金属結晶粒子が形成され、それ以外の部分では、主として粒径が１μｍ以上の金属結晶粒子が形成される。また、レーザ出力等を制御することにより、加熱温度等を調整して冷却速度を制御することができる。このため、金属結晶粒子の大きさを制御可能である。なお、金属結晶粒子の大きさは、結晶粒子を外接円近似したときの径寸法で表すものとする（本発明では、粒径という）。 The configuration of claim 1 is schematically shown in FIG. 1A, for example. FIG. 1A shows, as an example, an electron microscope of the surface of an Al-based bearing alloy layer when an intermediate layer of Ag is deposited by electroplating and a Bi overlay is deposited on the surface by electroplating. This is a schematic photo. In order to form crystal particles having a particle size of less than 1 μm by electroplating, for example, the surface of the bearing alloy layer is irradiated with laser light before plating. Since the portion irradiated with the laser light is heated and rapidly cooled to make the structure fine, when the plating is performed thereafter, metal crystal particles mainly having a particle size of less than 1 μm are formed in the fine structure portion of the bearing alloy layer, In other parts, metal crystal particles having a particle diameter of 1 μm or more are mainly formed. Further, by controlling the laser output or the like, the cooling temperature can be controlled by adjusting the heating temperature or the like. For this reason, the size of the metal crystal particles can be controlled. In addition, the size of the metal crystal particle is expressed by a diameter when the crystal particle is approximated by a circumscribed circle (in the present invention, referred to as a particle size).
さて、図１（ａ）において、Ａ〜Ｍは粒径１μｍ以上の大金属結晶粒子であり、それら大金属結晶粒子Ａ〜Ｍの間は、例えばＡ，Ｋ間に適用して拡大して図１（ｂ）に示すような凹状部分になっている。この大金属結晶粒子Ａ〜Ｍのうち、Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ，Ｋは閉ループ状に連なっており、隣り合う大金属結晶粒子Ａ，Ｂ間、Ｂ，Ｃ間、Ｃ，Ｋ間、Ｋ，Ａ間の各凹状部分には、粒径１μｍ未満の小金属結晶粒子Ｓが存在する。また、大金属結晶粒子Ｃ，Ｇ，Ｈ，Ｉ，Ｊ，Ｋは閉ループ状に連なっており、隣り合う大金属結晶粒子Ｃ，Ｇ間、Ｈ，Ｉ間、Ｉ，Ｊ間、Ｋ，Ｃ間の各凹状部分には、１μｍ未満の小金属結晶粒子Ｓが存在する。大金属結晶粒子Ｃ，Ｄ，Ｅ，Ｇも閉ループ状に連なっており、隣り合う大金属結晶粒子Ｃ，Ｄ間、Ｄ，Ｅ間、Ｅ，Ｇ間、Ｇ，Ｃ間の各凹状部分には、１μｍ未満の小金属結晶粒子Ｓが存在する。なお、大金属結晶粒子Ａ，Ｂ，Ｍ，Ｄ，Ｇ，Ｉ，Ｊ，Ｋも閉ループ状に連なるが、その閉ループの内側に大金属結晶粒子Ｃが入っている。このような内側に大金属結晶粒子が入っているような場合には、閉ループ状に連なるとは言わないものとする。 In FIG. 1A, A to M are large metal crystal particles having a particle diameter of 1 μm or more, and the large metal crystal particles A to M are applied between A and K, for example. It is a concave part as shown in 1 (b). Among these large metal crystal particles A to M, A, B, C, and K are connected in a closed loop shape, between adjacent large metal crystal particles A and B, between B and C, between C and K, K and A. Small metal crystal particles S having a particle size of less than 1 μm are present in the concave portions therebetween. Further, the large metal crystal particles C, G, H, I, J, and K are connected in a closed loop shape, and between the adjacent large metal crystal particles C and G, between H and I, between I and J, and between K and C. In each of the concave portions, there are small metal crystal particles S of less than 1 μm. Large metal crystal particles C, D, E, and G are also connected in a closed loop shape. Between adjacent large metal crystal particles C and D, between D and E, between E and G, and between concave portions between G and C, There are small metal crystal particles S of less than 1 μm. Large metal crystal particles A, B, M, D, G, I, J, and K are also connected in a closed loop shape, but large metal crystal particles C are contained inside the closed loop. When such large metal crystal particles are contained inside, it is not said that they are connected in a closed loop.
そして、それら隣り合う大金属結晶粒子の間の凹状部分のうち、小金属結晶粒子Ｓが存在する凹状部分は、閉ループ状に連なる大金属結晶粒子によって囲まれた凹状部分を通じて互いに連なっている。例えば、小金属結晶粒子Ｓが存在する大金属結晶粒子Ｋ，Ａ間の凹状部分ｃｈ１、同じく大金属結晶粒子Ｃ，Ｋ間の凹状部分ｃｈ２、同じく大金属結晶粒子Ｃ，Ｇ間の凹状部分ｃｈ３、同じく大金属結晶粒子Ｅ，Ｇ間の凹状部分ｃｈ４どうしは、閉ループ状に連なる大金属結晶粒子Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ，Ｋによって囲まれた凹状部分ｄｅ１、同じく大金属結晶粒子Ｃ，Ｇ，Ｈ，Ｉ，Ｊ，Ｋによって囲まれた凹状部分ｄｅ２、同じく大金属結晶粒子Ｃ，Ｄ，Ｅ，Ｇによって囲まれた凹状部分ｄｅ３を通じて互いに繋がっている。
このような請求項１の構成によれば、初期なじみ時には、オーバレイ表面に大きく突出する大金属結晶粒子の頂点で相手材を受ける形態となる。このため、小摩擦で相手材になじむようになる。
Of the concave portions between the adjacent large metal crystal particles, the concave portions in which the small metal crystal particles S are present are connected to each other through a concave portion surrounded by the large metal crystal particles connected in a closed loop shape. For example, the concave portion ch1 between the large metal crystal particles K and A where the small metal crystal particles S are present, the concave portion ch2 between the large metal crystal particles C and K, and the concave portion ch3 between the large metal crystal particles C and G are also included. Similarly, the concave portions ch4 between the large metal crystal particles E and G are the concave portions de1 surrounded by the large metal crystal particles A, B, C, and K connected in a closed loop shape, and the large metal crystal particles C, G, H , I, J, K are connected to each other through a concave portion de2 surrounded by large metal crystal particles C, D, E, G.
According to such a configuration of claim 1, at the time of initial familiarization, the counterpart material is received at the apex of the large metal crystal particles that largely protrude from the overlay surface. For this reason, it comes to be compatible with the counterpart material with small friction.
また、大小を問わず金属結晶粒子間には凹状部分が生ずるので、その凹状部分に潤滑油を保持でき、非焼付性が向上する。オーバレイの摩耗が進行しても、その摩耗は大金属結晶粒子から始まるので、小金属結晶粒子間の凹状部分は長く保たれ、長期間優れた保油性を維持する。 In addition, since a concave portion is formed between the metal crystal particles regardless of the size, lubricating oil can be held in the concave portion and non-seizure property is improved. Even if the overlay wear proceeds, the wear starts from the large metal crystal particles, so that the concave portions between the small metal crystal particles are kept long, and excellent oil retention is maintained for a long time.
しかも、隣り合う関係をもって閉ループ状に連なる３個以上の大金属結晶粒子のうちの少なくとも隣り合う２個の大金属結晶粒子の間に生じた凹状部分に小金属結晶粒子が存在するので、その小金属結晶粒子が存在する凹状部分はその小金属結晶粒子によって微細隙間に分割されるので、潤滑油に対する濡れ性が良くなる。そして、その小金属結晶粒子が存在する凹状部分どうしは、閉ループ状に連なる３個以上の大金属結晶粒子によって囲まれた凹状部分を通じて互いに繋がっているので、閉ループ状に連なる３個以上の大金属結晶粒子によって囲まれた凹状部分に保持された潤滑油が小金属結晶粒子の存在する凹状部分を通じて他の部分へと拡がり易くなる。このため、相手材が局部当りを起こした場合に、その局部当り部分が潤滑油不足を生じ勝ちになると、当該部分に他の所から潤滑油が供給されるようになるので、焼付きの発生を効果的に防止できる。 In addition, since the small metal crystal particles exist in the concave portion formed between at least two large metal crystal particles adjacent to each other among the three or more large metal crystal particles that are connected in a closed loop with adjacent relations. Since the concave portion where the metal crystal particles are present is divided into fine gaps by the small metal crystal particles, the wettability to the lubricating oil is improved. Since the concave portions where the small metal crystal particles exist are connected to each other through the concave portions surrounded by three or more large metal crystal particles connected in a closed loop shape, three or more large metals connected in a closed loop shape are connected. Lubricating oil held in the concave portion surrounded by the crystal particles can easily spread to other portions through the concave portion where the small metal crystal particles are present. For this reason, when the counterpart material hits the local part, if the part per local part is likely to be short of lubricating oil, the lubricating oil will be supplied to the part from other places. Can be effectively prevented.
ところで、図１（ａ）において、隣り合う２個の大金属結晶粒子Ｊ，Ｋ間に小金属結晶粒子Ｓは存在していない。実際に金属オーバレイを形成したとき、隣り合う２個の大金属結晶粒子間に小金属結晶粒子が存在しない場合が生じ得るが、少数箇所であれば、上記した作用効果の実現に妨げとなるものではない。
また、大金属結晶粒子の粒径が１μｍ以上なので、相手材を受けるのに好適である。かつ、小金属結晶粒子の粒径が１μｍ未満なので、オーバレイの強度面において有利である。
By the way, in FIG. 1A, there is no small metal crystal particle S between two adjacent large metal crystal particles J and K. When a metal overlay is actually formed, there may be cases where small metal crystal particles do not exist between two adjacent large metal crystal particles. is not.
Moreover, since the particle diameter of the large metal crystal particles is 1 μm or more, it is suitable for receiving the counterpart material. In addition, since the particle size of the small metal crystal particles is less than 1 μm, it is advantageous in terms of overlay strength.
本発明の請求項２の発明は、オーバレイの表面に粒径１μｍ以上の大金属結晶粒子と粒径１μｍ未満の小金属結晶粒子とが存在し、前記大金属結晶粒子は前記オーバレイの表面に単独又は２以上からなる群となって散在し、前記小金属結晶粒子は前記散在する大金属結晶粒子又は前記大金属結晶粒子群を囲むように分布し、且つ、前記大金属結晶粒子又は前記大金属結晶粒子群を囲む前記小金属結晶粒子が存在する部分は互いに繋がっており、
前記オーバレイが形成される基材は組織が微細となっている微細組織部分を有し、その微細組織部分の表面上に形成されている前記オーバレイの金属結晶粒子は粒径１μｍ未満の前記小金属結晶粒子であり、前記微細組織部分以外の部分の表面上に形成されている金属結晶粒子は粒径１μｍ以上の前記大金属結晶粒子であり、前記基材の前記微細組織部分と前記オーバレイにおける前記小金属結晶粒子との位置が対応していることを特徴とするものである。
According to the second aspect of the present invention, there are large metal crystal particles having a particle size of 1 μm or more and small metal crystal particles having a particle size of less than 1 μm on the surface of the overlay, and the large metal crystal particles are singly formed on the surface of the overlay. Or scattered as a group consisting of two or more, wherein the small metal crystal particles are distributed so as to surround the scattered large metal crystal particles or the large metal crystal particles, and the large metal crystal particles or the large metal The portions where the small metal crystal particles surrounding the crystal particle group exist are connected to each other ,
The substrate on which the overlay is formed has a fine structure portion having a fine structure, and the metal crystal particles of the overlay formed on the surface of the fine structure portion are the small metal having a particle size of less than 1 μm. The metal crystal particles that are crystal particles and are formed on the surface of a portion other than the microstructure portion are the large metal crystal particles having a particle size of 1 μm or more, and the microstructure portion of the substrate and the overlay in the overlay The position corresponds to the small metal crystal particle .
図２は、この請求項２の構成例をＢｉオーバレイに適用して模式化したものである。この図２において、Ｌは１μｍ以上の大金属結晶粒子、Ｓは１μｍ未満の小金属結晶粒子で、大金属結晶粒子Ｌはオーバレイ表面に単独又は群となって散在し、小金属結晶粒子Ｓは群となって大金属結晶粒子Ｌ又は大金属結晶粒子Ｌの群を囲むように分布し、それら大金属結晶粒子Ｌ又は大金属結晶粒子Ｌの群を囲む小金属結晶粒子Ｓの群は繋がりあっている。 FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the configuration example of claim 2 applied to a Bi overlay. In FIG. 2, L is a large metal crystal particle having a size of 1 μm or more, S is a small metal crystal particle having a size of less than 1 μm, and the large metal crystal particle L is scattered alone or in groups on the overlay surface. The large metal crystal particles L or the large metal crystal particles L are distributed so as to surround the large metal crystal particles L, and the small metal crystal particles S surrounding the large metal crystal particles L or the large metal crystal particles L are connected. ing.
特に、図２の例では、小金属結晶粒子Ｓが縦横に網状に分布し、その網目の内側に大金属結晶粒子Ｌ又は大金属結晶粒子Ｌの群が分布する形態となっている。この図２のように網状に小金属結晶粒子Ｓを分布させるには、例えば軸受合金の表面にレーザ光を網状に照射してこの照射領域を微細組織にし、その上で電気めっきによりオーバレイを被着することにより実現できる。網形状は、任意に所望の形状に設定できる。
この請求項２のように構成しても、請求項１の発明と同様の作用効果を得ることができる。
In particular, in the example of FIG. 2, the small metal crystal particles S are distributed in the form of a network vertically and horizontally, and the large metal crystal particles L or a group of large metal crystal particles L are distributed inside the mesh. In order to distribute the small metal crystal particles S in a net shape as shown in FIG. 2, for example, the surface of the bearing alloy is irradiated with a laser beam in a net shape to make the irradiated region a fine structure, and an overlay is formed thereon by electroplating. This can be achieved by wearing it. The net shape can be arbitrarily set to a desired shape.
Even if it comprises like this Claim 2, the effect similar to invention of Claim 1 can be acquired.
オーバレイ表面の所定視野において、大金属結晶粒子の面積率が、５０％以下であることが好ましい。潤滑油が、小金属結晶粒子が分布する部分を通じて他の部分へと容易に流動できるからである。２５〜３５％がより好ましい。 In a predetermined field of view on the overlay surface, the area ratio of the large metal crystal particles is preferably 50% or less. This is because the lubricating oil can easily flow to other parts through the part where the small metal crystal particles are distributed. 25 to 35% is more preferable.
大金属結晶粒子の粒径最頻値は大きさ１．２〜１．８μｍ、小金属結晶粒子の粒径最頻値は０．１〜０．４μｍとすることが好ましい。オーバレイ全体の強度を向上させることができるからである。 The particle diameter mode of the large metal crystal particles is preferably 1.2 to 1.8 μm, and the particle diameter mode of the small metal crystal particles is preferably 0.1 to 0.4 μm. This is because the strength of the entire overlay can be improved.
また、オーバレイを構成する金属を、Ｂｉ又はＢｉ合金から構成することが好ましい。Ｂｉ合金は、ＣｕやＳｎやＩｎを添加元素とし、総量１０％以下添加することが好ましい。総量１０％以下であると、添加元素がＢｉ基地中に固溶し、オーバレイ基地の強度を高めることができる。 Further, it is preferable that the metal constituting the overlay is made of Bi or Bi alloy. It is preferable that the Bi alloy contains Cu, Sn, or In as an additive element and is added in a total amount of 10% or less. When the total amount is 10% or less, the additive elements are dissolved in the Bi base, and the strength of the overlay base can be increased.
以下、本発明の実施例を具体的に説明する。本発明の効果を確認するために、次の表１に示す試料を作製した。この試料の製造方法は次の通りである。まず、本発明品については、鋼裏金上にＣｕ基軸受合金（以下、単に軸受合金）をライニングし、この軸受合金の表面にレーザ光を５μｍの間隔をおいて網状に照射して微細組織部分が網状に生ずるようにした。なお、レーザ光のスポット径は１０μｍとした。レーザはファイバレーザを使用したが、所望の分布形態に合わせて、短パルスレーザ、ＹＡＧレーザ、エキシマレーザ、その他のレーザを用いても良い。 Examples of the present invention will be specifically described below. In order to confirm the effect of the present invention, samples shown in the following Table 1 were prepared. The manufacturing method of this sample is as follows. First, for the product of the present invention, a Cu-based bearing alloy (hereinafter simply referred to as a bearing alloy) is lined on a steel back metal, and the surface of the bearing alloy is irradiated with a laser beam in a net shape at intervals of 5 μm to form a fine structure portion. Was generated in a net. The spot diameter of the laser beam was 10 μm. Although a fiber laser is used as the laser, a short pulse laser, a YAG laser, an excimer laser, or other lasers may be used in accordance with a desired distribution form.
ここでは、レーザを照射すると、照射中央の最高到達温度がその周辺より高くなるという性質を利用して、急加熱急冷によって結晶粒を微細にするところの幅を１μｍとするように設定して作製した。このときのレーザ光のパワー密度は、１０４〜１０５（Ｗ／ｃｍ２）とした。なお、上記の場合、小金属結晶粒子の面積率を増減させるには、照射面積を増減させれば良い。照射面積を増加させるには、スポット径を大きくしたり、走査回数を増やしたりすれば良い。
レーザ光の照射後、電解脱脂を２度行い、更に、電解酸洗いを行った。そして、表１に示す材質の中間層（接着層）めっきを行い、または行わずにＢｉ、Ｂｉ合金（Ｂｉ−Ｃｕ）を電気めっきにより被着してオーバレイを形成した。
Here, using the property that when the laser is irradiated, the maximum temperature reached at the center of irradiation is higher than the surrounding area, the width at which the crystal grains are refined by rapid heating and rapid cooling is set to 1 μm. did. The power density of the laser beam at this time was 10 4 to 10 5 (W / cm 2 ). In the above case, the irradiation area may be increased or decreased to increase or decrease the area ratio of the small metal crystal particles. In order to increase the irradiation area, the spot diameter may be increased or the number of scans may be increased.
After the laser light irradiation, electrolytic degreasing was performed twice, and further electrolytic pickling was performed. And the intermediate | middle layer (adhesion layer) plating of the material shown in Table 1 was performed, or Bi and Bi alloy (Bi-Cu) were deposited by electroplating to form an overlay.
一方、比較例品については、本発明品と同様に、鋼裏金上に軸受合金をライニングし、その後、レーザ光を照射することなく、電解脱脂を２度行い、表１に示す材質の中間層めっきを行い、または行わずにＢｉまたはＰｂ合金（Ｐｂ−Ｓｎ−Ｃｕ）を電気めっきしてオーバレイを形成した。 On the other hand, for the comparative product, as in the product of the present invention, a bearing alloy was lined on the steel back metal, and then electrolytic degreasing was performed twice without irradiating the laser beam. Bi or Pb alloy (Pb—Sn—Cu) was electroplated with or without plating to form an overlay.
このようにして得た試料のうち、本発明品１〜６については、オーバレイの表面の表面を電子顕微鏡により撮影し、その撮影画像により大結晶粒子と小結晶粒子が図２（ａ）のように分布していることを確認した。また、その撮影画像を基に、１０μｍ四方の中に存在する大結晶粒子（粒径１μｍ以上）の数と、大結晶粒子の面積率を測定した。なお、面積率とは、その大結晶粒子（大結晶粒子相互間の凹状部を含まず。）が１００μｍ２中に占める割合をいう。本実施例では、小結晶粒子が作る網目の大きさは、１辺を２〜３μｍとした。また、網目に存在する大結晶粒子は、１〜１０個であった。また、本発明品１〜６毎の大結晶粒子の面積率及び粒径最頻値については表１に示した。 Among the samples obtained in this way, for the products 1 to 6 of the present invention, the surface of the overlay is photographed with an electron microscope, and the large crystal particles and the small crystal particles are shown in FIG. It was confirmed that it was distributed. Further, based on the photographed image, the number of large crystal particles (particle size of 1 μm or more) existing in a 10 μm square and the area ratio of the large crystal particles were measured. The area ratio means the ratio of the large crystal particles (not including the concave portions between the large crystal particles) in 100 μm 2 . In this example, the size of the mesh formed by the small crystal particles was set to 2 to 3 μm on one side. The number of large crystal particles present in the network was 1-10. In addition, Table 1 shows the area ratio and the particle diameter mode value of the large crystal grains for each of the inventive products 1 to 6.
また、比較例品１〜２について、オーバレイの表面を電子顕微鏡にて撮影し、その撮影画像を基に金属結晶粒子の大きさを測定して、同様に１０μｍ四方に存在する大金属結晶粒子（１μｍ以上）の面積率を測定した。その結果を表１に示した。なお、Ｐｂ合金の結晶粒子は大きいため、粒径分布を考慮して面積率を求めた。
そして、本発明品１〜６および比較例品１〜２について、次の表２に示す条件にて焼付試験を行った。その結果を表１に示した。
Moreover, about the comparative example goods 1-2, the surface of overlay was image | photographed with the electron microscope, the magnitude | size of the metal crystal particle was measured based on the picked-up image, and the large metal crystal particle (10 micrometers square) ( The area ratio of 1 μm or more was measured. The results are shown in Table 1. Since the crystal grains of the Pb alloy are large, the area ratio was obtained in consideration of the particle size distribution.
And the seizure test was done on the conditions shown in following Table 2 about this invention products 1-6 and comparative example products 1-2. The results are shown in Table 1.
焼付試験の結果から、粒径１μｍ以上の大金属結晶粒子と粒径１μｍ未満の小金属結晶粒子とが存在し、大金属結晶粒子が単独又は２以上からなる群となって散在し、小金属結晶粒子が散在する大金属結晶粒子又は大金属結晶粒子群を囲むように分布し、且つ、小金属結晶粒子が大金属結晶粒子又は大金属結晶粒子群を囲むように分布する部分が互いに繋がっている本発明品１〜６は、比較例品１〜２に比べて非焼付性に優れていた。大金属結晶粒子の面積率が３０％である本発明品２が、非焼付性に特に優れていること、即ち面積率２５〜３５％が非焼付性に特に好ましいことが解った。また、Ｂｉオーバレイの場合、Ａｇ等の中間層を設けることが、非焼付性の向上に貢献することも解った。 As a result of the seizure test, there are large metal crystal particles having a particle size of 1 μm or more and small metal crystal particles having a particle size of less than 1 μm, and the large metal crystal particles are singly or scattered as a group consisting of two or more. The portions where the large metal crystal particles or the large metal crystal particle groups in which the crystal particles are scattered are distributed and the small metal crystal particles are distributed so as to surround the large metal crystal particles or the large metal crystal particle groups are connected to each other. The present invention products 1 to 6 were superior in non-seizure properties compared to the comparative products 1 to 2. It was found that the product 2 of the present invention in which the area ratio of large metal crystal particles is 30% is particularly excellent in non-seizure properties, that is, an area ratio of 25 to 35% is particularly preferable for non-seizure properties. Further, in the case of Bi overlay, it has also been found that providing an intermediate layer such as Ag contributes to improvement of non-seizure property.
図面中、Ａ〜Ｌは大金属結晶粒子、Ｓは小金属結晶粒子を示す。 In the drawings, A to L represent large metal crystal particles, and S represents small metal crystal particles.
Claims (3)
前記オーバレイの表面に粒径１μｍ以上の大金属結晶粒子と粒径１μｍ未満の小金属結晶粒子とが存在し、
前記大金属結晶粒子と小金属結晶粒子とは、隣り合う関係をもって閉ループ状に連なる３個以上の前記大金属結晶粒子のうちの少なくとも隣り合う２個の大金属結晶粒子の間に生じた凹状部分に前記小金属結晶粒子が存在するように分布し、
且つ、前記小金属結晶粒子が存在する前記凹状部分どうしは、前記閉ループ状に連なる３個以上の前記大金属結晶粒子によって囲まれた凹状部分を通じて互いに繋がる形態となっており、
前記基材は組織が微細となっている微細組織部分を有し、その微細組織部分の表面上に形成されている前記オーバレイの金属結晶粒子は粒径１μｍ未満の前記小金属結晶粒子であり、前記微細組織部分以外の部分の表面上に形成されている金属結晶粒子は粒径１μｍ以上の前記大金属結晶粒子であり、
前記基材の前記微細組織部分と前記オーバレイにおける前記小金属結晶粒子との位置が対応していることを特徴とする摺動部材。 In the sliding member in which an overlay made of metal is formed on the surface of the substrate,
Large metal crystal particles having a particle size of 1 μm or more and small metal crystal particles having a particle size of less than 1 μm are present on the surface of the overlay,
The large metal crystal particles and the small metal crystal particles are concave portions generated between at least two adjacent large metal crystal particles among the three or more large metal crystal particles that are adjacently connected in a closed loop shape. Distributed so that the small metal crystal particles are present in
In addition, the concave portions where the small metal crystal particles exist are connected to each other through a concave portion surrounded by the three or more large metal crystal particles connected in the closed loop shape ,
The base material has a fine structure portion having a fine structure, and the overlay metal crystal particles formed on the surface of the fine structure portion are the small metal crystal particles having a particle size of less than 1 μm, The metal crystal particles formed on the surface of the portion other than the fine structure portion are the large metal crystal particles having a particle size of 1 μm or more,
A sliding member characterized in that positions of the fine structure portion of the base material and the small metal crystal particles in the overlay correspond to each other .
前記オーバレイの表面に粒径１μｍ以上の大金属結晶粒子と粒径１μｍ未満の小金属結晶粒子とが存在し、
前記大金属結晶粒子は前記オーバレイの表面に単独又は２以上からなる群となって散在し、前記小金属結晶粒子は前記散在する大金属結晶粒子又は前記大金属結晶粒子群を囲むように分布し、且つ、前記小金属結晶粒子が前記大金属結晶粒子又は前記大金属結晶粒子群を囲むように分布する部分は互いに繋がっており、
前記基材は組織が微細となっている微細組織部分を有し、その微細組織部分の表面上に形成されている前記オーバレイの金属結晶粒子は粒径１μｍ未満の前記小金属結晶粒子であり、前記微細組織部分以外の部分の表面上に形成されている金属結晶粒子は粒径１μｍ以上の前記大金属結晶粒子であり、
前記基材の前記微細組織部分と前記オーバレイにおける前記小金属結晶粒子との位置が対応していることを特徴とする摺動部材。 In the sliding member in which an overlay made of metal is formed on the surface of the substrate,
Large metal crystal particles having a particle size of 1 μm or more and small metal crystal particles having a particle size of less than 1 μm are present on the surface of the overlay,
The large metal crystal particles are scattered on the surface of the overlay alone or in groups of two or more, and the small metal crystal particles are distributed so as to surround the scattered large metal crystal particles or the large metal crystal particles. And the portions where the small metal crystal particles are distributed so as to surround the large metal crystal particles or the large metal crystal particles are connected to each other ,
The base material has a fine structure portion having a fine structure, and the overlay metal crystal particles formed on the surface of the fine structure portion are the small metal crystal particles having a particle size of less than 1 μm, The metal crystal particles formed on the surface of the portion other than the fine structure portion are the large metal crystal particles having a particle size of 1 μm or more,
A sliding member characterized in that positions of the fine structure portion of the base material and the small metal crystal particles in the overlay correspond to each other .
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| WO2004092602A1 (en) * | 2003-04-17 | 2004-10-28 | Daido Metal Company Ltd. | Sliding member |
| JP2007263209A (en) * | 2006-03-28 | 2007-10-11 | Kyocera Corp | Hydrodynamic bearing and motor using the same |
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| WO2004092602A1 (en) * | 2003-04-17 | 2004-10-28 | Daido Metal Company Ltd. | Sliding member |
| JP2007263209A (en) * | 2006-03-28 | 2007-10-11 | Kyocera Corp | Hydrodynamic bearing and motor using the same |
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