JP4675578B2 - Image pickup device and image pickup apparatus using the same - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an image pickup device and an image pickup apparatus using the same, and an image pickup device including a photoelectric conversion film formed on substrates facing each other, and a plurality of electron emission sources for extracting electrons by an electric field, and the image pickup device The present invention relates to the imaging device used.

  An electron emission source that draws electrons by an electric field without being heated is used as an electron emission source of a flat display called FED (Field Emission Display). For example, Patent Document 1 proposes an imaging device in which the electron emission source and the photoelectric conversion film are opposed to each other. This imaging apparatus is composed of an array in which a plurality of Spindt type electron emission sources are arranged in a matrix and a photoelectric conversion film facing the array, and electrons emitted from the matrix array in which the Spindt type electron emission sources are formed. Holes are generated and accumulated in the photoelectric conversion film by the group, and a time-series video signal is obtained by reading the holes.

  However, the electron group emitted from the Spindt-type electron emission source generally has a spread of about 30 degrees from the tip of the emitter, and the potential of the photoelectric conversion film immediately before scanning by the electron group is low under normal imaging conditions. Therefore, the spread of the electron group emitted from the Spindt type electron emission source is further promoted in the vacuum space between the Spindt type electron emission source and the photoelectric conversion film. As a result, there is a problem that the spread of the electron group projected on the photoelectric conversion film is increased, and the image quality is deteriorated due to a decrease in resolution.

  In order to solve the above problem, for example, as described in Patent Document 2, there is known an imaging apparatus in which a mesh grid electrode having a large number of openings is inserted between an electron emission source and a photoelectric conversion film. It has been. In this imaging apparatus, the time until the electron group emitted from the electron emission source reaches the photoelectric conversion film is constantly applied by applying a voltage that is significantly higher than the voltage applied to the electron emission source to the grid electrode. This shortens and suppresses the spread of the electron group in the vacuum space between the electron emission source and the photoelectric conversion film.

  Also in the FED, as a method of focusing the electron group emitted from the electron emission source on the fluorescent film by an electric field, as described in Patent Document 3 and Non-Patent Document 1, for example, the electrons are surrounded so as to surround the electron emission source. A method is known in which a focusing electrode is provided via an insulator on the same plane as the emission source or on top of it.

In the electron emission source with a focusing electrode and the electron emission source array with a focusing electrode, a voltage lower than the voltage applied to the electron emission source or the electron emission source array for electron emission is usually applied to the focusing electrode. The spread of electrons in the vacuum space from the emission source to the fluorescent film is suppressed.
JP-A-6-176704 JP 2000-48743 JP-A-10-199400 W. D. Kesling et al. “Beam Focusing for Field Emission Flat Panel Displays”, Proceedings of the 7th International Vacuum Microelectronics Conference, Glenoble, 4-7. 135-138

  In an imaging device in which a plurality of electron emission sources and a photoelectric conversion film are opposed to each other with a vacuum space interposed therebetween, in a conventional technique, a grid electrode to which a high voltage is applied is inserted between the electron emission source and the photoelectric conversion film. Thus, the time until the electron group emitted from the electron emission source reaches the photoelectric conversion film is shortened, and the spread of the electron group in the vacuum space is suppressed.

  However, in this prior art, the velocity component in the direction parallel to the photoelectric conversion film of the electron group immediately after being emitted from the electron emission source causing the spread of the electron group in the vacuum space is Since it does not change until it reaches, in principle, it is necessary to allow the spread of the electron group in the vacuum space to some extent. Therefore, when a Spindt-type electron emission source having a large spread of electron groups immediately after being emitted is used, the spread of the electron groups projected on the photoelectric conversion film is larger than the pixel area, and the image quality such as resolution is deteriorated. There is a risk.

  In order to suppress this, it is necessary to further increase the electrode of the grid electrode. On the other hand, the upper limit of the voltage that can be applied to the grid electrode is limited by the withstand voltage between the grid electrode and the electron emission source. In addition, the insertion of the grid electrode causes a part of the electron group emitted from the electron emission source to be captured by the grid electrode, resulting in a decrease in the amount of electrons that read holes accumulated in the photoelectric conversion film. Produce.

  In addition, in the prior art, an electron emission source array provided with a focusing electrode for suppressing the spread of the electron group can be produced, and such an electron emission source array with a focusing electrode can be sufficiently applied to an imaging device. Is possible. However, it is necessary to secure an area for forming the focusing electrode in the electron emission source array. As a result, an area where the electron emission source can be formed in the array is reduced, and electrons emitted from the array are reduced. The problem is that the amount decreases.

  In addition, in an electron emission source array with a focusing electrode, in order to suppress the spread of electrons emitted from the electron emission source, it is usually applied to the focusing electrode and to the electron emission source array for electron emission. It is known that the amount of electrons that can be extracted from the electron emission source decreases as the voltage applied to the focusing electrode decreases, that is, the spread of the electron group is suppressed. .

  Therefore, in application to an imaging device of an electron emission source array provided with a focusing electrode, the electrons necessary for suppressing the spread of the electron group in the vacuum space and reading out the holes accumulated in the photoelectric conversion film Ensuring the amount is a conflict. In particular, the smaller the pixel, the more difficult it is to achieve both suppression of the spread of the electron group and the securing of the amount of electrons. When attempting to obtain a high resolution by suppressing the spread of the electron group, it is accumulated in the photoelectric conversion film. All the charges cannot be read out, resulting in a problem that an afterimage is generated.

  Furthermore, it is difficult to form the focusing electrode uniformly over the entire region in the electron emission source array so as to surround individual electron emission sources or a plurality of electron emission sources as a unit. There arises a problem that the effect is different for each electron emission source or a plurality of electron emission sources. Furthermore, in order to form such a focusing electrode in a fine and highly integrated electron emission source array, a more complicated manufacturing process is required, which leads to a decrease in the manufacturing yield of the electron emission source array.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and is capable of suppressing the spread of the electron group emitted from the electron emission source while ensuring the amount of electrons necessary for reading out the holes accumulated in the photoelectric conversion film. An object is to provide an element and an imaging apparatus using the element.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, a first light-transmitting substrate and a second substrate that face each other, and a surface of the first light-transmitting substrate that is provided on the surface facing the second substrate. An imaging element body including a photoconductive film and a photoelectric conversion film, and a plurality of electron emission sources provided on a surface of the second substrate facing the first light-transmissive substrate. In the image sensor,
A magnet that forms a magnetic field in a direction perpendicular to each of the first light-transmitting substrate and the second substrate between the first light-transmitting substrate and the second substrate;
The magnet includes a cylindrical first permanent magnet that houses the first translucent substrate in a cavity;
A disk-shaped disk that faces the second substrate on the opposite side of the surface facing the first light-transmitting substrate of the second substrate, and the magnetic lines of force from the first permanent magnet are perpendicular to the end surface . Composed of a second permanent magnet,
The diameter of the second permanent magnet is set to be longer than the diagonal length of the effective imaging region of the imaging element body and shorter than the inner diameter of the first permanent magnet.
While ensuring the amount of electrons necessary for reading out the holes accumulated in the photoelectric conversion film, it is possible to prevent the electron group emitted from the electron emission source from spreading.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, the central axis of the first permanent magnet and the central axis of the second permanent magnet coincide with each other, and the central point of the effective imaging region of the imaging element main body is the central axis. Located on top
The end surface on the first translucent substrate side in the central axis direction of the first permanent magnet is one of the N pole and the S pole, and the other end face is the other of the N pole and the S pole,
The end surface of the second permanent magnet facing the second substrate is made the same polarity as the other end surface of the first permanent magnet, and the opposite end surface is the first end of the first permanent magnet. According to the first aspect of the present invention, the same polarity as that of the end surface on the side of the translucent substrate can be realized.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, the first permanent magnet serves as the first aspect of the present invention by combining a part of a vacuum container that houses the first translucent substrate and the second substrate. realizable.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an image pickup apparatus comprising the image pickup device according to any one of the first to third aspects.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to suppress the spread of the electron group emitted from the electron emission source while securing the amount of electrons necessary for reading out the holes accumulated in the photoelectric conversion film.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  First, the principle of the present invention will be described. When the translucent conductive film and the electron emission source are each separated in the z direction and arranged on the xy plane (see FIG. 1, the direction of the y axis is from the front to the back of the paper), the z direction from the electron emission source In contrast, electrons emitted obliquely have velocity components in the x, y, and z directions perpendicular to each other. When there is a magnetic field parallel to the z direction, the movement of electrons due to the velocity component parallel to the translucent conductive film rotates due to the Lorentz force (the Lorentz force does not act on the movement in the z direction), and the electron trajectory is It becomes a spiral with the z axis as the center, and returns to the origin in the x and y directions, that is, on the z axis at a certain time. By adjusting the magnetic flux density or the separation distance between the translucent conductive film and the electron emission source so that the time point of returning to the z-axis is on the translucent conductive film, electrons emitted obliquely from the electron emission source are Focused on the translucent conductive film.

  Note that when the magnetic field is no longer parallel to the z direction, Lorentz force also acts on the movement in the z direction, so even the electrons emitted from the electron emission source in the z direction are distorted in a spiral shape. It is necessary to generate a magnetic field as perpendicular to the electron emission source as possible, ie parallel to the z-axis.

  FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of an image sensor of the present invention. In this figure, the image sensor is composed of a cylindrical permanent magnet 501 having a cavity inside, and an image sensor body portion disposed in the cavity of the permanent magnet 501.

  The inside of the image pickup device main body is kept in a vacuum by the translucent substrate 101 and the substrate 201 that also serve as a part of the vacuum vessel, and the vacuum vessel 301. A light-transmitting conductive film 102 is formed on the vacuum-side surface of the light-transmitting substrate 101 (the surface facing the substrate 201), and a photoelectric conversion film 103 is further formed. An electron emission source array having a plurality of electron emission sources including a cathode electrode 202, an electron source 203, a gate electrode 204, and an insulating layer 205 is provided on the vacuum side surface of the substrate 201 (on the side facing the translucent substrate 101). Is formed. Each of the translucent conductive film 102 and the electron emission source array is disposed on the xy plane with a predetermined distance in the z direction.

  The intermediate point of the separation interval between the photoelectric conversion film 103 and the electron emission source array is located on the xy plane passing through the intermediate point in the z direction of the permanent magnet 501, and the effective imaging area of the photoelectric conversion film 103. Is located on the central axis of the inner diameter of the permanent magnet 501, and the central axis is perpendicular to the xy plane so that the image sensor body is housed in the cavity of the cylindrical permanent magnet 501. Has been.

  In addition, a mechanism for holding the permanent magnet 501 and the image pickup device main body, which is not shown in FIG. 1, and a magnetic shield for preventing leakage of magnetic lines of force generated from the permanent magnet 501 are provided.

Examples of the light-transmitting substrate 101 include glass for visible light imaging, sapphire and quartz glass for ultraviolet light imaging, beryllium (Be), aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), and boron for X-ray imaging. A known substrate material such as nitride (BN) and aluminum oxide (Al ₂ O ₃ ) is used according to the wavelength of light to be imaged. As the translucent conductive film 102 formed on the translucent substrate 101 by a vacuum deposition method or a sputtering method, for example, a tin oxide (SnO ₂ ) film, an ITO film, or a metal thin film such as aluminum is used.

As the photoelectric conversion film 103 formed on the translucent conductive film 103 by vacuum deposition or the like, conventionally known lead oxide (PbO), antimony trisulfide (Sb ₂ S ₃ ), selenium ( Se), silicon (Si), cadmium (Cd), cadmium selenium (CdSe), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), tellurium (Te), and the like are used, and amorphous Se is the main component. When a high electric field is applied using a semiconductor material, the avalanche multiplication of photogenerated charges can be caused in the film, and the sensitivity can be dramatically increased.

  As an electron emission source array, a Spindt type electron emission source made by depositing a refractory metal, a silicon cone type electron emission source made by etching silicon, or anodized silicon to make it porous. An array of known electron emission sources such as a flat electron source is used.

  In addition, the electron emission source array includes a one-dimensional array and a two-dimensional matrix array, and both arrays can be applied to the imaging device. In the present embodiment, an example is shown in which a two-dimensional Spindt type electron emission source matrix array is used as the electron emission source array.

  FIG. 2 shows a partially enlarged perspective view of a Spindt-type electron emission source matrix array. In the figure, in the Spindt type electron emission source matrix array, a cathode electrode 202, an insulating layer 205, and a gate electrode 204 are formed on a substrate 201 made of glass, silicon, quartz, ceramics, resin, or the like. The cathode electrode 202 extends in the y direction, and the gate electrode 204 extends in the x direction orthogonal thereto, forming an XY matrix.

  A region where the cathode electrode 202 and the gate electrode 204 intersect and is divided is referred to as a pixel. The gate electrode 204 in each pixel has pores that penetrate the insulating layer 205 and reach the surface of the cathode electrode 202. A cone-shaped electron source 203 protruding from the cathode electrode 202 is provided in the pore. The electron source 203 is made of a refractory metal such as molybdenum (Mo), niobium (Nb), tungsten (W), and usually, a plurality of (3 × 3 in FIG. 2) pores in one pixel. And an electron source 203 is provided.

  Although not shown, a protective resistance layer, a current limiting transistor, or the like may be formed in each pixel for the purpose of suppressing temporal fluctuations in the amount of electrons emitted from the electron source 203.

  In the image sensor main body, light passes through the translucent substrate 101 and the translucent conductive film 102 and reaches the photoelectric conversion film 103. When a voltage higher than the voltage applied to the electron source 203 is applied to the light-transmitting conductive film 102 via the signal pin 104, holes among the electron / hole pairs generated in the photoelectric conversion film 103 by light are used. Moves to the Spindt-type electron emission source matrix array side of the photoelectric conversion film 103 and is accumulated therein.

  On the other hand, a pulse voltage is applied to the cathode electrode 202 and the gate electrode 204 of the Spindt-type electron emission source matrix array, whereby an electron group is emitted from the electron sources 203 in the sequentially selected pixels. When this electron group recombines with the holes accumulated in the photoelectric conversion film 103, a current flowing in the external circuit is taken out as an output through the signal pin 104 to obtain a video signal corresponding to the incident light image. Can do.

The permanent magnet 501 includes a strontium ferrite magnet made of iron oxide (Fe ₂ O ₃ ) -strontium (Sr) -barium (Ba) or the like, iron oxide-strontium oxide (SrO) -barium-cobalt (Co) -lanthanum ( Lanthanum cobalt ferrite magnet made of La) and the like, manganese aluminum carbon magnet made of manganese (Mn) -aluminum-carbon (C), iron chromium cobalt magnet made of iron (Fe) -chromium (Cr) -cobalt, etc., samarium (Sm) -Cobalt and other samarium cobalt magnets, neodymium (Ne) -iron-boron (B) and other neodymium magnets, iron-nickel (Ni) -cobalt-aluminum and iron-nickel-cobalt-aluminum-titanium And iron-nickel-cobalt-aluminum- Alnico magnets made of copper (Cu), barium magnets made of barium-iron oxide-oxygen (O), etc., powders of the above-mentioned magnet materials, vinyl chloride, chlorinated polyethylene rubber, elastomer, nitrile rubber, nylon, PPS A known permanent magnet such as a bond magnet mixed with resin, epoxy resin or the like is used.

  Although FIG. 1 shows an example in which the end face 502 of the permanent magnet 501 is an N pole and the end face 503 facing the end face 502 is an S pole, the end face 502 may be an S pole and the end face 503 may be an N pole. Of the magnetic lines of force starting from the end face 502 which is the N pole of the permanent magnet 501, the magnetic lines of force 601 going into the cavity of the permanent magnet 501 passed perpendicularly through the xy plane crossing the intermediate point in the z direction of the cavity of the magnet 501. After that, it enters the end face 503 which is the south pole.

  Therefore, a magnetic field substantially parallel to the z direction can be formed in the vacuum space 401 in which the electrons emitted from the Spindt-type electron emission source matrix array travel. Since the strength of the magnetic field formed in the vacuum space 401 can be controlled by the material, shape, arrangement, etc. of the permanent magnet 501, the magnetic field strength is adjusted to adjust the strength of the magnetic field in the vacuum space 401 of electrons emitted from the electron source 203. And the electron group can be focused on the photoelectric conversion film 103 to form an image.

  Further, there is no difference in the electron emission characteristics of the electron source 203 depending on the presence or absence of a magnetic field, and even when the permanent magnet 501 is applied, the amount of emitted electrons equivalent to the case without the permanent magnet 501 can be obtained. On the other hand, by using an electromagnet instead of the permanent magnet 501, the same effect as described above can be obtained. However, an electromagnet has a problem of causing an increase in power consumption, whereas a permanent magnet does not cause an increase in power consumption.

  In this embodiment, since the strength of the magnetic field formed in the cavity increases rapidly as the permanent magnet 501 is approached, the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the permanent magnet 501 are made sufficiently wider than the effective imaging region, so that The uniformity of the magnetic field strength in the vacuum space 401 where the group travels can be improved. In addition, by securing a sufficient length in the z direction of the cylinder of the permanent magnet 501, magnetic field components other than the z direction in the vacuum space 401 in which the electron group travels can be reduced.

  FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of the image sensor of the present invention. In this embodiment, two permanent magnets having different shapes are provided. In this figure, this imaging device includes a cylindrical permanent magnet 511 having a cavity inside in parallel with the photoelectric conversion film 103 of the imaging device body, and a translucent substrate 101 and a translucent conductive film in the cavity. 102, the photoelectric conversion film 103 is accommodated.

  In addition, a disk-shaped permanent magnet 521 is arranged opposite to the surface (atmosphere side) of the substrate 201 of the image pickup device main body opposite to the translucent substrate 101 so as to face the substrate 201. The diameter of the permanent magnet 521 is set to be longer than the diagonal length of the effective imaging region of the imaging element main body and shorter than the inner diameter of the permanent magnet 511. Further, the central axis of the inner diameter of the permanent magnet 511 and the central axis of the permanent magnet 521 coincide, the central point of the effective imaging region of the imaging element main body is located on the central axis, and the central axis is xy A permanent magnet 511, an image sensor main body, and a permanent magnet 521 are arranged so as to intersect perpendicularly to the plane.

  Although not shown in FIG. 3, a mechanism for holding the permanent magnet 511 and the permanent magnet 521 and the image sensor main body, and a magnetic shield for preventing leakage of magnetic lines of force generated from the permanent magnet 511 and the permanent magnet 521 to the outside. It has.

  In the present embodiment, the end surface 512 of the permanent magnet 511 is the N pole, the end surface 513 facing the end surface 512 is the S pole, the end surface 522 of the permanent magnet 521 is the S pole, and the end surface 523 facing the end surface 522 is the N pole. However, the end face 512 of the permanent magnet 511 may be the S pole, the end face 513 facing the end face 512 may be the N pole, the end face 522 of the permanent magnet 521 may be the N pole, and the end face 523 facing the end face 522 may be the S pole.

  Of the lines of magnetic force starting from the end face 512 that is the N pole of the permanent magnet 511, the line of magnetic force 611 directed to the vacuum space 401 in which the electron group of the image pickup device main body travels crosses the intermediate point in the z direction of the cavity of the permanent magnet 511 x. After passing through the −y plane vertically, it goes straight as it is and enters the end face 522 which is the south pole of the permanent magnet 521.

  For this reason, in this imaging device, a magnetic field substantially parallel to the z direction can be formed in the vacuum space 401 in which the electron group travels, and an image with high resolution and no distortion can be obtained.

  In the present embodiment, the permanent magnet 511 and the permanent magnet 512 are disposed outside the image pickup device main body. However, as shown in FIG. 4, the substrate 201 is provided with a through hole 206, and the Spindt of the substrate 201 is provided. A vacuum space 402 surrounded by the vacuum vessel 302 may be formed in a direction opposite to the type electron emission source matrix array, and the permanent magnet 521 may be disposed in the vacuum space 402.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 5, the transparent substrate 101, the substrate 201, the vacuum vessel 301, the cathode electrode 202, the gate electrode 204, and the insulating layer 205 are enlarged, and the permanent magnet 511 constitutes a part of the vacuum vessel 301. You may make it do.

  When the permanent magnet 521 is disposed in a vacuum or when the permanent magnet 511 is used as a part of the vacuum vessel 301, it is desirable to use a permanent magnet other than the bond magnet from the viewpoint of maintaining a high vacuum.

  FIG. 6 shows a cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of the image sensor of the present invention. In this embodiment, two permanent magnets are provided, and a translucent permanent magnet is used as one of the permanent magnets. In this figure, this image sensor is a disk-shaped translucent permanent magnet 531 in parallel to the photoelectric conversion film on the opposite side (atmosphere side) to the surface facing the substrate 201 of the translucent substrate 101 of the image sensor main body. In addition, a disk-shaped permanent magnet 541 is disposed in parallel to the translucent permanent magnet 531 on the opposite side (atmosphere side) of the substrate 201 to the surface facing the translucent substrate 101.

As the translucent permanent magnet 531, a known translucent permanent magnet made of titanium dioxide (TiO ₂ ) -cobalt or the like is used. Further, the diameters of the translucent permanent magnet 531 and the permanent magnet 541 are set to be larger than the diagonal length of the effective imaging region of the imaging element main body.

  In this embodiment, the end face 532 of the translucent permanent magnet 531 is the S pole, the end face 533 facing the end face 532 is the N pole, the end face 542 of the permanent magnet 541 is the S pole, and the end face 543 facing the end face 542 is the N pole. In the example, the end face 532 of the translucent permanent magnet 531 is the N pole, the end face 533 opposite to the end face 532 is the S pole, and the end face 542 of the permanent magnet 541 is opposite the N pole and the end face 542. The end surface 543 to be used may be the S pole.

  In this imaging device, the magnetic lines of force starting from the end face 533 that is the north pole of the translucent permanent magnet 531 are perpendicularly incident on the photoelectric conversion film 103 and enter the end face 542 that is the south pole of the permanent magnet 541. A magnetic field parallel to the z direction can be formed in the vacuum space in which the group travels. Further, since the vacuum space 401 in which the electron group travels is located at a place away from the outer peripheral portions of the translucent permanent magnet 531 and the permanent magnet 541, a magnetic field having a uniform intensity can be formed in the vacuum space 401. it can. Furthermore, since the translucent permanent magnet 531 and the permanent magnet 541 are arranged in contact with the image sensor main body, the image sensor and the image pickup apparatus using the same can be reduced in size.

  FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional view of a fourth embodiment of the image sensor of the present invention. In this figure, this image sensor uses a translucent permanent magnet 551 as a translucent substrate of the image sensor body, and uses a permanent magnet 561 as a substrate on which a Spindt type electron emission source matrix array is formed. It is.

  As the translucent permanent magnet 551, a translucent permanent magnet made of titanium dioxide-cobalt or the like is used, and the permanent magnet 561 includes a strontium ferrite magnet or a lanthanum cobalt ferrite. Permanent magnets with high insulation such as magnets and barium magnets are used.

  In the present embodiment, similarly to the third embodiment described above, a magnetic field that is parallel to the z direction and has a uniform intensity can be formed in the vacuum space in which the electron group travels. Moreover, since the translucent permanent magnet 551 and the permanent magnet 561 are incorporated in the image sensor main body, the size of the image sensor and the image pickup apparatus to which the image sensor is applied can be made equal to that of the conventional one.

  In this embodiment, a translucent permanent magnet 551 may be used as a part of the translucent substrate of the image pickup device main body, and the permanent magnet 561 as a part of the substrate on which the Spindt type electron emission source matrix array is formed. May be used. Instead of the permanent magnet 561, a conductive permanent magnet may be used as either the cathode electrode 202 or the gate electrode 204 constituting the Spindt-type electron emission source matrix array. Furthermore, instead of the permanent magnet 561, the cathode electrode 202, and the gate electrode 204, an insulating permanent magnet may be used as the insulating layer 205.

  FIG. 8 is a schematic configuration diagram of an imaging apparatus to which the imaging element of the present invention is applied. In this figure, the imaging device has the imaging element 821 of the present invention so that light that has passed through the optical lens 801 is perpendicularly incident on the photoelectric conversion film and is focused. The signal output from the image sensor 821 is supplied to the signal amplification and image processing circuit 831 to be amplified and image processed. The drive circuit 832 generates a pulse voltage or the like necessary for operating the image sensor 821 and supplies the pulse voltage or the like to the image sensor 821. The synchronization circuit 833 generates a synchronization signal and supplies it to the signal amplification and image processing circuit 831 and the drive circuit 832.

  As described above, in the present invention, it is possible to form a magnetic field having a uniform intensity in a direction perpendicular to the photoelectric conversion film and the electron emission source, and it is possible to suppress the spread of the electron group in the vacuum space. Since the image can be converged on the conversion film, high resolution can be obtained.

  In addition, by using a magnetic field by a permanent magnet to suppress the spread of the electron group in the vacuum space, a sufficient area for forming the electron emission source in the electron emission source array can be secured, and the electron group Even if the focusing effect is increased, a sufficient amount of electrons can be taken out without affecting the electron emission characteristics of the electron emission source, so that the afterimage and the dynamic range can be reduced. Furthermore, since the magnetic field by the permanent magnet is used to suppress the spread of the electron group in the vacuum space, the power consumption is not increased.

  The permanent magnet 511 corresponds to the first permanent magnet described in the claims, the permanent magnet 521 corresponds to the second permanent magnet, and the permanent magnet 541 corresponds to the third permanent magnet.

It is sectional drawing of 1st Embodiment of the image pick-up element of this invention. It is a partial expansion perspective view of a Spindt type electron emission source matrix array. It is sectional drawing of 2nd Embodiment of the image pick-up element of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the modification of 2nd Embodiment of the image pick-up element of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the other modification of 2nd Embodiment of the image pick-up element of this invention. It is sectional drawing of 3rd Embodiment of the image pick-up element of this invention. It is sectional drawing of 4th Embodiment of the image pick-up element of this invention. It is a schematic block diagram of the imaging device to which the image sensor of the present invention is applied.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 101 Translucent board | substrate 102 Translucent electrically conductive film 103 Photoelectric conversion film 104,114 Signal pin 105 Through-hole 201 Substrate 202 Cathode electrode 203 Electron source 204 Gate electrode 205 Insulating layer 301, 302 Vacuum container 401, 402 Vacuum space 501, 511 , 521,541,561 Permanent magnet 502,512,523,533,543,553,563 End face (N pole)
503,513,522,532,542,552,562 End face (S pole)
531,551 Translucent permanent magnet 601,611,621,631 Magnetic field line 801 Optical lens 821 Imaging element 831 Signal amplification and image processing circuit 832 Drive circuit 833 Synchronous circuit 834 Power supply

Claims (4)

A first light-transmitting substrate and a second substrate facing each other; a light-transmitting conductive film and a photoelectric conversion film provided on a surface of the first light-transmitting substrate facing the second substrate; In the imaging device including the imaging device main body configured to have a plurality of electron emission sources provided on the surface of the second substrate facing the first light-transmissive substrate,
A magnet that forms a magnetic field in a direction perpendicular to each of the first light-transmitting substrate and the second substrate between the first light-transmitting substrate and the second substrate;
The magnet includes a cylindrical first permanent magnet that houses the first translucent substrate in a cavity;
A disk-shaped disk that faces the second substrate on the opposite side of the surface facing the first light-transmitting substrate of the second substrate, and the magnetic lines of force from the first permanent magnet are perpendicular to the end surface . Composed of a second permanent magnet,
The diameter of the said 2nd permanent magnet is set longer than the diagonal length of the effective imaging area of the said image pick-up element main-body part, and shorter than the internal diameter of a said 1st permanent magnet, The image pick-up element characterized by the above-mentioned. The central axis of the first permanent magnet and the central axis of the second permanent magnet coincide with each other, and the central point of the effective imaging region of the imaging element body is located on the central axis.
The end surface on the first translucent substrate side in the central axis direction of the first permanent magnet is one of the N pole and the S pole, and the other end face is the other of the N pole and the S pole,
The end surface of the second permanent magnet facing the second substrate is made the same polarity as the other end surface of the first permanent magnet, and the opposite end surface is the first end of the first permanent magnet. The imaging element according to claim 1, wherein the imaging element has the same polarity as the end face on the side of the light-transmitting substrate.   The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the first permanent magnet also serves as a part of a vacuum container that houses the first light-transmitting substrate and the second substrate.   An image pickup apparatus comprising the image pickup device according to claim 1.

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