JP4667387B2 - Split grinding tool - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a grinding tool comprising at least two parts.

  A grinding tool in which a plurality of grinding wheels, in particular of various thicknesses, are fastened together in one grinding wheel set is known, for example, from DE 410 30 90 C1. This kind of grinding wheel set is used in particular where the contour is to be ground, and the contour as a whole is adapted to the contour to be ground by each grinding wheel in which the contour is partially molded accordingly. Grouped into one corresponding set. The width to be ground can also be directly influenced by the addition or removal of individual grinding wheels comprising a grinding wheel set. However, this is always associated with considerable structural retrofit costs. With this type of grinding wheel set, for example, if one or more flat shoulders are to be ground simultaneously with the circumferential region, the cutting volume is ground on the side of the set that is ground flat in that case. There arises a problem that the grinding wheel side surface is essentially higher than that during circumferential grinding. This problem corresponds to the dimensions at each flat shoulder by a one-pass process on the flat surface, while the grinding wheel is simply in line contact with the workpiece to be ground, at least from a theoretical point of view during circumferential grinding. This results from the presence of surface contact in a grinding wheel having a workpiece with a width.

  As a result of the engagement of the grinding wheel on the flat surface, the wear of the grinding wheel is greater in the region than in the circumferential region of the normal grinding wheel or grinding wheel set.

  This type of grinding wheel set has the advantage that only the grinding wheel set needs to be replaced when the grinding wheel on the side surface of the grinding wheel set that occurs suddenly is worn compared to each grinding wheel set. . However, this is associated with high retrofit costs and thereby inherently higher total cycle times.

  For example, an original bearing region, that is, a circumferential region, is ground together with a side shoulder or a flat surface at the time of grinding a bearing portion that is generally ground by a one-pass grinding method. Thereby, in the case of a grinding wheel for grinding this type of bearing area, both the circumferential area and its side area are engaged. At that time, the above-described problem that the side surface region is ground faster than the circumferential surface similarly occurs. Grinding wheels can be reshaped, but usually this type of grinding wheel is not reshaped on the flat side but only on the circumference (see Fig. 8a: Example of side radius of grinding wheel). However, when the remaining reshaping dimensions are reshaped as well on the side, this will result in an allowable width of several micrometers or hundredths of millimeters required for that width for this type of bearing location after reshaping. If the bearing location should continue to be manufactured in a one-pass grinding mode, it can no longer be observed. In the case of a grinding wheel that has already been reshaped, this requires a side offset of the grinding wheel to the workpiece or vice versa, so that both flat shoulders must be ground separately. This results in higher grinding times. On the other hand, when it is not reshaped in the side area, a shape error occurs with respect to the target contour of the grinding wheel.

  In order to avoid the above problems, the grinding wheel considered for grinding the bearing part having a flat shoulder in the one-pass grinding method is in the circumferential region together with the grinding part and the side face thereof with one or two grinding parts. In order to be able to achieve as short a grinding time as possible, the set needs to be replaced more frequently.

  However, a grinding wheel that is relatively cost intensive in that case is a heavy burden on the total cost of the grinding system.

  In today's many grinding operations, grinding wheels with CBN-, diamond or comparable abrasive materials (hereinafter referred to as "CBN / DIA")-coating are used. Such a CBN / DIA grinding wheel achieves a substantially higher service life than conventional grinding wheels. However, the flat side profile required for such a CBN / DIA grinding wheel is reduced in the width of the grinding wheel when processed by the one-pass grinding method without offset of the grinding wheel or the side of the workpiece. As a result, a deviation of the width of the bearing portion from a predetermined target value is generated. Due to the relative movement of this side between the workpiece and the tool, the grinding process is no longer carried out in the original pure one-pass method. Rather, the flat shoulder is ground back and forth in the area to be ground. This further results in substantially higher processing times and processing costs.

  The object of the invention, on the other hand, is to make a grinding tool in which the actual dimension deviation or the change in the width to be ground can be compensated or possible without changing the grinding tool part or set. In particular, grinding with multiple intervention surfaces, especially during one-pass grinding, which can compensate for the wear caused by the machining and the other actual dimension deviations in the width direction of the grinding tool associated therewith A tool should be made.

  The object is solved by a grinding tool having the features of claim 1. Suitable continuations are defined in the dependent claims.

  According to the present invention, the grinding tool has at least two parts that can be removably connected to each other to form one grinding wheel-like object in the connected state. Such a grinding wheel-shaped object has a grinding surface formed intermittently in a circumferential region of the object. Both removably interconnected parts can be adjusted relative to each other and adjusted so that the grinding wheel-like object can be adjusted with reference to the grinding width of the object using an adjustment mechanism. Sometimes it can be fixed.

  The advantage of the grinding tool according to the present invention as described above that the effective grinding width of the grinding tool can be adjusted is that the tool can be used flexibly for various grinding operations, and for the changed grinding width. This means that it is not necessary to immediately replace a set of grinding tools or parts thereof. This type of replacement operation always requires time which adversely affects the overall finishing time which contributes to an additional overall cost increase.

  Preferably, for example, the width adjustment can be performed such that the grinding width can be adjusted to a grinding coating thickness that is twice as large as that of the one-pass process to be ground. With this width adjustability, the grinding tool according to the present invention can be reshaped by an essentially uniform dimension, for example, 10 μm after width adjustment over the entire contour shape including the flat surface. With this uniform reshaping, it is possible on the one hand to always reshape the grinding tool by reshaping and to comply with the actual dimensions between the flat shoulders. Furthermore, on the other hand, after shaping, a grinding tool is obtained in which the abrasive grains are broken / broken / sharpened, so that the cutting ability of the grinding tool is completely reconstructed. By such a method, it is avoided that the abrasive grains are smoothed by reshaping on the flat grinding side surface.

Preferably, the grinding width of the grinding tool according to the present invention can be adjusted steplessly using an adjusting mechanism. Due to the above-mentioned stepless adjustment of the width of the grinding tool, preferably the optimum reshaping size is always reshaped over the entire grinding area, i.e. on all surfaces to be ground, preferably depending on the respective grain size of the grinding tool coating. As a result, it is possible to achieve a grinding wheel with accurate dimensions and shape after reshaping. In the case of an integrated grinding wheel according to the prior art, since the reshaping area is moved from the circumferential surface to the side surface area by the radius to be ground, it is impossible to reshape the flat side surface. In order to comply with the final shape of the workpiece to be ground having a single radius at the transition to, a relatively large amount of grinding coating must be removed on the circumferential surface during each reshaping. On the other hand, in the case of the grinding tool according to the present invention, it is always possible to remove a less uniform reshaping dimension during reshaping, and as a result, the essential advantages of the grinding tool according to the present invention are more numerous. A reshaping cycle is possible with a grinding wheel, and as a result, the overall life of the grinding tool is also significantly improved over conventional one-piece grinding wheels.

  Another advantage of the grinding tool according to the invention is that it is only necessary to supply a single grinding wheel that can be individually adapted to each grinding operation on the workpiece to be ground by adjusting the width for a number of problems. This also means that bearing retention during manufacturing is significantly reduced. In addition, the advantage of grinding on the machine is that the second and only second grinding tool can be adjusted to another grinding operation with different width while grinding with a width adjustable grinding tool. Can be obtained by: For a new grinding operation, the grinding tool is then replaced with a newly adjusted grinding tool in the machine. During grinding with the newly adjusted grinding tool, the possibility to adjust the grinding tool just removed from the grinding machine to another grinding process is obtained. Thereby, a great variety of grinding operations can be realized using only two grinding tools, otherwise many different grinding wheels are not required.

  Furthermore, it is also possible to grind a plurality of grinding points, in particular bearing points, simultaneously by tightening a plurality of such tools on the main shaft using the grinding tool according to the present invention.

  It is theoretically possible to make adjustments or post-adjustments during each reshaping, preferably by stepless adjustment of the width of the grinding tool, and this adjustability depends on the accuracy of the adjustability of the adjusting mechanism. Thereby, by means of a post-adjustment of the width of the grinding tool, all possible arrangements can be achieved with the tool, for example bearing shafts or crankshafts.

  In particular, in addition to the grinding part of the grinding wheel shaped object formed intermittently in the circumferential region by the advantageous continued formation of the present invention, that is, the grinding tool according to the present invention is preferably at least one, but preferably Is a case where one grinding surface is provided on both outer side surfaces of the grinding tool. This kind of grinding surface can be provided, for example, by having one grinding coating attached to the circumferential side of the grinding tool and guided at least partially into the side surface around the outer edge of the circumferential region. . For grinding bearing locations with flat shoulders, the grinding process is a one-pass process whereby the grinding process is carried out simultaneously at three grinding sites, ie the original bearing location and both flat side surfaces that limit the bearing surface on the side. .

  Preferably by a grinding tool having at least two grinding surfaces of this kind (circumferential region and outer side surface) or by a grinding tool having three further grinding surfaces, i.e. at the circumferential region and both outer side surfaces, When the circumferential region and the flat shoulder portion are two grinding surfaces during one-pass grinding, the circumferential region and two spaced flat surfaces can be ground with a grinding tool, for example, at one bearing location. In such a case, it is possible to post-adjust the grinding tool by the dimension required to compensate for grinding wheel wear due to the grinding operation for reshaping based on the width compatibility of the grinding tool.

  Preferably, the grinding tool having two parts has an abrasive in the form of a CBN / DIA-coating, both parts of the grinding tool being coated with a grinding coating, either as a whole or partly or regionally.

Preferably, both of the portions forming the grinding wheel-like object have a meshing mechanism, also called a flat meshing mechanism, whose shape coincides with the inside, that is, the axial direction allocated to each other. For example, in order to compensate for the reduction due to wear of the width dimension of the grinding tool or to be able to change the constant width to be ground, both detachably interconnected parts are relative to each other with the grinding tool according to the invention. Can be adjusted to each other, thereby changing the possible grinding width to be ground using the grinding tool. In order to be able to guarantee a reliable adjustment, the two parts are operated to each other so that they remain centered on each other and at the same time eliminate the movements to be avoided during the grinding process. Yes. For this purpose, preferably, a cylindrical guide part is provided outside the adjustment / setting unit, and the force of the pressing force caused by the adjustment screw generated on the basis of this is absorbed.

  The meshing mechanism for realizing the engagement of the parts forming both divided grinding wheel shaped objects further preferably has a surface arranged in a plane extending essentially perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the grinding tool. Have. This means that the surface forms an edge that extends circumferentially over a certain distance on the grinding tool, but not over the entire circumference. It is advantageous if the surface of the meshing mechanism is arranged on a plane extending obliquely with respect to the rotation axis of the grinding tool. In such a case, the split edge that is the pitch of the grinding tool that faces the above is inclined with respect to the circumferential direction in the plan view of the circumferential surface of the grinding tool, but from the side edge of the grinding tool. It does not reach the outer edge at another part of the grinding tool that faces it. In the case of the separating edge arranged obliquely in this way, a free gap between both grinding wheel parts in the grinding process, that is, a separation seam in which no abrasive grains are arranged is located with respect to the abrasive grains or the separation It is guaranteed to be minimized on the circumference with respect to the extension of the seam. Due to the oblique arrangement of the edge at the separation seam, the distance between the separation seams is relatively reduced in the circumferential direction, and as a result, the abrasive particles at the edge are re-emitted in the grinding process. At the moment of participating in the grinding process, it is necessary to absorb only a slightly increased load compared to other abrasive grains.

  Regardless of whether the separating edges of the two parts extend circumferentially or obliquely with respect to the circumferential direction, both the separating edges or the grinding tool according to the advantageous continued formation of the grinding tool according to the invention. Alternate upper engaging portions of the circumferential line are provided in the circumferential region with reference to a circumferential line on which separation edges formed by matching the shapes of the parts are assumed. The alternate upper engagement portion is that each part of the grinding tool has one region based on the circumferential line, and the circumferential line continues to the lower engagement region in the region, and the meshing mechanism is assumed. It overlaps with the circumferential line. That is, the meshing mechanism essentially extends to the outer periphery over the entire radial extension of the flat surface of the grinding tool. One portion has a meshing mechanism for engaging with the upper portion formed in the region where the lower portion engages with the circumferential line and the other portion correspondingly formed with the lower engaging portion. In this way, the full width during grinding insertion to achieve a greater width of up to about 175% of the original possible minimum width that can be ground with the grinding tool relative to each other when adjusting both parts of the grinding tool. It is guaranteed that the abrasive is always engaged with the surface to be ground, and even in the region where the original separation seam is formed. In other words, the separation seam extends only perpendicularly to the rotation axis of the grinding tool in one plane at most for each section.

  Preferably, the shape of the meshing mechanism that forms the upper engaging portion is a stepped shape, a trapezoidal shape, a sawtooth shape, a protruding tooth shape, or a combination thereof on the outer periphery with reference to an assumed circumferential line. In another advantageous embodiment, the meshing mechanism is formed in a corrugated shape, and various corrugations are possible. It has to be noted only that both parts connected to the grinding tool are reliably centered and fixed relative to each other during or after the adjustment.

According to a preferred formation of the grinding tool, the grinding wheel-like object is preferably formed as a divided grinding wheel and the grinding wheel has grinding sites both in the circumferential area and in both side areas In this case, a desired width to be ground can be ground in a one-pass grinding process based on adjustability. Higher wear on the flat surface that results in less than a predetermined target dimension can be post-adjusted or compensated, so that the grinding tool according to the present invention is again of this type when complying with the required length dimension, for example. It can be used between the flat shoulders of bearing locations. Thereby, a longer tool life can be achieved with the same grinding time using this kind of divided grinding tool. The tool cost of the grinding process can thereby be reduced considerably. The latter is especially true because CBN / DIA mounted grinding wheels are still an essential cost factor.

  Preferably, in the grinding tool according to the invention, the adjusting mechanism for adjusting and fixing the two parts has at least three adjusting / setting units relative to each other, said units being applied to the grinding tool along a circumference. They are spaced apart at essentially the same angle on one side of the tool. Preferably one of the parts forming both grinding tools is immovably arranged on the drive spindle, whereas the second part in which the adjusting / setting unit is arranged is immovably attached to the main spindle It is fixed so as to be movable or adjustable in the direction of the first part. In order to ensure a fixed position of the movable part of the two parts relative to the position of the fixed part of the two parts, preferably one centering device, in particular one spigot, is provided, Using the spigot, reliable centering of both parts of the grinding tools is guaranteed at each width adjustment position. Furthermore, centering of the grinding tool according to the invention on the spindle end is necessary. This can be done in various systems already known. Here, for example, the centering can be effected by means of a cone according to DE 3322258A1 or DE 3405556C1, a three-point receiving part or a hole with a “narrow” fitting part.

  The adjustment / setting unit is then preferably arranged as far as possible in the outer circumferential direction of the grinding tool according to the invention, so that the adjustment of the grinding width to be ground and the adjustment made When both grinding wheel parts are tightened later, opening of the parts is avoided. Nevertheless, in the event that a constant slight deviation of the rotational characteristics between the two grinding wheel parts occurs at the time of tightening, the fine deviation is in any case caused by the shaping process performed after the adjustments made. Reliable compensation. In other words, this reshaping is not only used in the manufacture of grinding wheels that are easy to cut as is generally done and known, but also after adjustment and tightening of both grinding wheel parts. Is also used to generate the ideal dimensions and rotational properties of the resulting, so that after adjustment and reshaping, the width-adjustable, i.e. segmented, grinding tool according to the invention is related to its grinding properties. It behaves essentially like a non-split grinding wheel.

  In the case of a clamping device, preferably acting in frictional engagement, which fixes the relative position of both grinding wheel parts after adjustment of the width to be ground, the meshing mechanisms preferably engage each other in an essentially radial direction. It is arrange | positioned so that it may not contact with the side meshing surface of a mechanism. However, it is also possible that teeth facing each other on some of the side surfaces of the meshing mechanism abut against each other. In any case, the frictional engagement connection of both grinding wheel parts is constructed so that reliable torque transmission is possible, and relative movement in the rotational direction or vice versa is not possible. Another advantage of the friction engagement tightening between both grinding wheel parts is that the meshing mechanism does not form the guide surfaces of both parts relative to each other during the adjustment, and does not contribute to torque transmission. The manufacturing accuracy of the meshing mechanism can be made relatively small.

  According to the first embodiment, the adjusting mechanism or adjusting / setting unit can be mechanically operated manually. Mechanical formation and manual adjustability have the advantage that the structure of the adjustment mechanism is thereby relatively simple and cost-effective. However, the adjustment / setting unit can also be automatically activated. In such a case, the complexity of the grinding tool and thereby the cost of the grinding tool increases. However, automatic actuation provides the essential advantage of compensating for grinding width deviations due to grinding tool wear during secondary times during the machining process. During this secondary time, the grinding wheel is not in an active grinding process.

The automatic operation of the adjustment / setting unit has a decisive advantage in the complex automation of the grinding process.

  For this purpose, preferably a measuring sensor is provided, which performs a continuous monitoring of the width to be ground on the workpiece and generates a signal relating thereto, which can be recorded and evaluated. Based on the above record, post-width adjustment of the width adjustable grinding tool is performed. In particular, in the case of a one-pass grinding process in which the grinding surfaces are also provided on the outer side surfaces, this gives an improvement in the accuracy of the workpiece and the useful life or availability of this kind of grinding tool according to the invention.

  For automatic operation of the adjustment / setting unit as well as for mechanical manual operation, preferably one scale is provided via which the two parts forming the grinding tool can be adjusted relative to each other You can read what is being done. With this type of adjustable grinding wheel, the possibility of achieving a uniform and high quality of the bearing part to be ground, in particular with a one-pass system, with high flexibility and at a reasonable cost is given.

  The meshing mechanism does not have a guiding function with each other in its radially formed plane, and both grinding wheel parts are still both internally connected to the minimum possible width of the grinding tool during their relative adjustment. Based on the fact that a gap is formed between the grinding wheel parts, a passage is provided inside the divided grinding wheel tool, said passage essentially grinding directly from the fixed area of the grinding tool on the spindle. Extends to the grinding site with coating. Preferably, the coolant is fed directly to the direct grinding site through these gaps or passages. This is because the coolant is first introduced axially into the clamping area of the grinding tool, preferably under pressure, into the grinding tool according to the invention and deflected into the gap internally and under pressure there. Or by the centrifugal action governing as a result of the rotation of the grinding tool, or by feeding directly in the direction of the direct grinding part with the outer periphery into the interior of the divided grinding tool as a result of both effects . For this purpose, the centering of both grinding wheel parts used for centering of both grinding wheel parts is formed only per section, preferably with one collar along the circumference, so that cooling is achieved. A sufficiently large passage or gap for the transport of the liquid is created inside the grinding tool according to the invention.

  Other advantages and applicability of the present invention will be described in more detail below using the detailed description of the examples.

  FIG. 1 shows a half sectional view of a grinding tool 1 according to the present invention according to a first embodiment of the present invention. As a driving device for the grinding tool 1 according to the present invention in the form of a divided grinding wheel, a grinding spindle 2 that is rotationally driven by a method known per se is provided, and one end of the grinding spindle, also called the spindle end, is provided. A first portion 5, also called a base body, is inserted and fixed in position. The position of the portion 5 is similarly fixed using a fixing flange in a manner known per se. This kind of fixing flange 3 ensures the friction engagement type position fixing of the portion 5 on the grinding spindle 2 via a plurality of tightening screws 4 distributed and arranged along the circumference. The grinding tool 1 according to the invention has another part 7, which is formed as a transportable object, and with respect to the part 5 using an adjusting mechanism, the grinding tool according to the invention is used. The effective grinding width that can be achieved can be adjusted to be adjustable.

Both part 5 and part 7 have a CBN-grinding coating 6 in their circumferential direction. Both side faces 9, 10 of the abrasive grain according to the present invention directed outward, that is, the left side face 9 of the part 5 fixed to the grinding spindle 2 in FIG. 1, and the right outside of the part 7 movable relative thereto. 10 also has a grinding coating of this kind. By dividing the grinding tool in the width direction, the grinding parts 6A and 6B of both parts 5 or 7 are provided in the circumferential direction and the grinding parts 6C or 6D of both parts 5 or 7 are provided on the side faces 9,10. Yes. The part 7 comprises three adjusting / setting units 11, 23, which are arranged at the same angle in the circumferential direction, preferably 120 °, spaced apart from each other with reference to the adjusting screw 23. Yes. In this embodiment, the adjustment / setting units 11, 23 can be adjusted mechanically using an adjustment screw 23. By adjusting the scale 11 together with the adjusting screw 23, the grinding tool according to the present invention can be adapted to each necessary condition by, for example, a width capable of grinding a bearing portion by a one-pass grinding method.

  Portion 7 is an outer centering shoulder 8, also called a spigot, centered so that the grinding surfaces 6A and 6B are always arranged at the same circumferential level on the circumferential side of the grinding tool. The guide centering portion that is as large as possible in the radial direction is realized through a fitting play of several micrometers, and the grinding tool according to the present invention that rotates at high speed in the grinding process through this fitting play. Good rotation characteristics are achieved. Due to the relatively high centrifugal force of the rotating grinding tool, this outer centering shoulder 8 is arranged outside the adjusting / setting units 11, 23. In this type of outer centering part, the inner collar, i.e. the inner spigot 14, is provided with a play of, for example, 0.3 millimeters. However, it is also possible to perform centering on the inner centering shoulder 14, in which case a corresponding play is provided on the outer centering shoulder 8.

  The adjusting screws 23 of the adjusting / setting units 11 and 23 are respectively supported on the thrust surface or the flat surface 24 of the portion 5 of the grinding tool. In order to achieve an accurate adjustment of the at least three adjustment / setting units 11, 23 on the one hand and to accurately adjust the grinding width to be ground or post-adjusted on the other hand, the adjusting screw 23 comprises a scale 11. is doing. The adjustment screw 23 adjusts the grinding wheel to the desired width for each adjustment of the adjustment / setting unit and thereby centers the grinding tool and stays in equilibrium during each adjustment depending on the amount. To ensure the same scale value. For example, when the grinding surfaces 6C and 6D wear during the one-pass grinding by repeatedly grinding the bearing portion, the width of the grinding tool is adjusted by the post-adjustment of the adjusting screw 23 by a certain scale value on the scale 11. Can be adjusted later. Thereby the grinding tool can be used for a new and completely different grinding operation, without the need to use a new grinding wheel or to replace that part, generally following it Is done. Tightening of the part 7 with the grinding tool with respect to the part 5 is performed by tightening the fastening screw 12 inside the adjustment screw 23 on the same central axis.

  The tightening headless screw 13 is movable relative to the portion 5, and the grinding tool portion 7 arranged in the direction of the rotary shaft 22 is a screw side surface portion of the adjusting screw 23. It is used for pressing radially outward after 12 is tightened. This ensures that the part 7 is in frictional engagement with the part 5 and is fixed without play (see also FIG. 3 and the description belonging thereto).

  FIG. 2 shows a side view of the grinding tool according to the invention from the side of the part 7 to the adjustment / setting units 11, 23. In the figure, a cut line AA forming the basis of the half sectional view of FIG. 1 is described. Adjusting / setting units 11, 23 are arranged along the circumference at an angle of 120 °, the said units being inside thereof fastening screws for fixing the position of the respective adjusted width of the grinding tool according to the invention Have On the same circumference there is a tightening headless screw 13 which is used to remove play in the screw relative to the part 7 in the adjusting screw 23. In other words, no play in the screw of the adjusting / setting unit is finally achieved with the screw 13 for tightening head. In the region of the side view, three clamping screws 4 are likewise shown spaced apart at an angle of 120 ° along the circumference, and these clamping screws are on the grinding spindle 2 according to the grinding wheel tool according to the invention. This makes it possible to provide a fixing flange 3 for fixing the receiving part. However, it is also possible to provide more than two clamping screws spaced apart at the same angle along the circumference.

  FIG. 3 shows a partial sectional view with an enlarged view of the adjustment / setting unit. Using the adjusting screw 23, the distance between the grinding wheel portions 5 and 7 that are relatively movable relative to each other is adjusted. In order to achieve fine adjustment, the adjustment screw is formed as a fine thread with a small gradient, so that a very precise adjustment of the respective grinding wheel width is possible. This screw is at least rolled or ground. A scale 11 is provided on the adjusting screw 23, and the width of the grinding wheel actually adjusted through this scale can be read accurately. In order to produce the mutual adjustment of the grinding wheel parts 7 and 5, the adjusting screw 23 is supported on a thrust surface 24 not shown in FIG. That is, the adjustment screw 23 is rotated so that the two wheels 7 and 5 can be adjusted relative to each other, and thereby the grinding wheel width can be adjusted. The mutual adjustment of the grinding wheel parts 7 and 5, which are selected to the desired exact grinding wheel width using the clamping screw 12, are fixed in such a way that a frictional engagement connection of the adjusting screw 23 occurs on the thrust surface 24. . Torque is also transmitted to the grinding wheel portion 7 that is movable via this frictional engagement connection. In order to completely remove the side play in the fine screw of the adjusting screw 23, the additionally provided tightening headless screw 13 supported on the thrust surface 24 is tightened. Thereby, it is achieved that all the screws are free of play in the adjusting / setting units 11, 23 by fixing the clamping headless screws 13.

  Uniform fixing over the circumference takes place in the individual adjustment / setting units, so that all the fixing elements 12, 13 are essentially identical to the fixing element or the adjusting screw as a whole using a torque wrench that can be adjusted precisely. The pressing force is tightened so that the thrust surface 24 exists. Thereby, a uniform position fixing of both grinding wheel parts 5, 7 is achieved over the circumference of the grinding tool according to the invention. A gap 25 is formed between the grinding wheel portions 7 and 5, and coolant can be introduced into the direct grinding portion through this gap (see FIG. 10).

  FIG. 4 shows a plan view of a circumferential region of the grinding tool according to the present invention. In this figure, a single grinding tool is formed by a meshing mechanism in which the portion 7 is engaged with the portion 5 inward. Each part 5 or 7 with respect to the envisaged circumferential line 17 has an upper engagement part which occurs with respect to the envisaged circumference 17 with one of both parts 5 and 7 being assumed, and The other of the two parts 5 and 7 meshes with the assumed circumferential line 17 together with the upper engaging parts 15 and 16 in the region having the corresponding lower engaging part. In this case, the meshing mechanism is formed such that the meshing mechanism matches the shape and fits inside.

  In the case of the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4, surfaces 18 and 19 are formed extending in the circumferential direction at a separating edge extending perpendicularly to the rotation axis 22 in one plane. During the grinding operation, the grinding coating is eliminated during mutual adjustment of the corresponding portions 5 and 7 along the separation seam, so that the abrasive grains at the front edge are relatively strongly loaded in the grinding direction. However, this occurs in each adjacent upper engaging part, so that the grinding material is guaranteed to engage over the entire grinding width in the grinding process.

  FIG. 5 shows another embodiment according to the invention, in which the separation seams formed on the planes 20, 21 of the meshing mechanism are inclined with respect to the axis and perpendicular to the rotation axis 22. Extend in the plane in which it is placed. Due to the slanted separation seam, the abrasive grains arranged in the rotational direction at the front edge are loaded only moderately because the abrasive grains always engaged before and after in the grinding process. Is guaranteed.

  FIG. 6 shows another embodiment of a grinding tool according to the invention, in which a separating seam is formed between the portions 7 and 5 in a wave shape. Each reference numeral is the same as that shown in FIGS.

  FIG. 7 shows a principle process at the time of reshaping of a grinding wheel in which the width cannot be adjusted by a conventional technique using a reshaping grinding wheel 27 having a diamond coating 28 formed in a pan shape. Such a grinding wheel has a grinding coating 6 which is arranged both on the front side and on a partial region of the side face 9. For grinding a bearing location in the one-pass grinding method, the grinding wheel as described above has a dimension that accurately represents the distance between the flat shoulders at the bearing location with respect to its width. It is therefore impossible to reshape the grinding coating 6 on the side 9. The reshaping will eventually make it impossible to adjust the path dimension between the flat shoulders of the bearing surface. Therefore, in the case of this type of grinding wheel, reshaping is essentially carried out only on the circumferential side. A dotted line 29 represents the contour of the grinding wheel before the shaping process. During reshaping, the dimension between the original contour 29 and the contour after reshaping is removed. At this time, the reshaping depth as described above is sharpened again along with the generation of ideal rotational characteristics of the grinding wheel as much as possible, but is not smoothed. This generates a grinding wheel that is easy to cut again. FIG. 7 shows that a reshaped grinding wheel 27 having a diamond coating 28 is guided around the radius in the transition region from the circumferential region to the side region of the grinding wheel. However, in order to maintain the width of the integral grinding wheel, the reshaping dimension proceeds to zero towards the end of the grinding wheel radius. The smaller the reshaping dimension is, the more difficult it is to grind in the region, and the more the grinding wheel is removed, the more the purpose of damaging the abrasive grains becomes, and the transition to surface smoothing takes place. However, there is the aforementioned region of radius transition to the side where the maximum grinding operation should be performed at the flat shoulder of the bearing surface during one-pass grinding. Unlike the circumferential grinding site where there is linear contact with the workpiece to be ground, there is a planar engagement in the sinking region of the transition region to the side 9 or 10 of the grinding wheel (see FIG. 9). . The entire grinding operation is performed only by the front grinding abrasive; the grinding abrasive in the direct grinding surface behind it does not contribute to the original grinding process, or contributes only essentially. In order to be able to maintain the width of the grinding wheel, the reshaping dimension proceeds in the direction of the side rather than completely 90 ° around the radius, and a value of 0 is already achieved, for example at an angle of 87 °. Therefore, reshaping on the side meshing surface is not performed.

  This is shown again in a slightly enlarged view in FIG. For example, an angle α of 3 ° (complementary angle to the angle β) represents the point at which the reshaping dimension 29 is reduced to zero at the outer radius transition of the grinding wheel. However, in order to be able to comply with the shape ratio of the flat shoulder and the radius transition portion of the bearing location, a relatively large number of abrasives must be removed in the circumferential region with the original grinding wheel during reshaping. Don't be. Otherwise, “shape destruction” will occur.

  The relationship during reshaping of the grinding wheel according to the present invention is different. This is illustrated in FIG. What is clear from this is that the reshaping wheel 27 is guided around the entire reshaping contour of the grinding wheel from the circumferential region to the side region through the radial region, and the uniform reshaping dimension is removed. . That is, in the case of the grinding wheel according to the present invention, the dimension removed during reshaping can be compensated for by adjusting the width. As a result, it is possible to remove as much grinding material as possible so that the grinding wheel can be easily ground again, and it is possible to avoid smoothing of all grinding parts of the grinding wheel at the same time. Only the minimum dimensions for this are removed during reshaping, so that the grinding wheel according to the invention is essentially completely exhausted from the grinding wheel coating of the grinding wheel, and thereby the grinding wheel It can essentially reshape frequently until it is useless.

FIG. 9 shows an enlarged view of the grinding tool according to the present invention. The grinding ratio therein is indicated at the moment when the grinding tool just starts by grinding the flat shoulder in the sense of a one-pass process in the flat shoulder region of the work piece 30 to be ground together with the grinding surface side face 6C. Shown is only the part 5 of the grinding tool having a grinding coating 6A of the grinding tool in the circumferential region of the outer side surface 9 of the grinding wheel-like object and a side region 6C. Furthermore, a rough contour 31 of a workpiece 30 to be ground with the grinding tool according to the invention on the final workpiece contour 32 represented by a dotted line is illustrated. When this type of bearing location with opposing flat shoulders is ground-as shown in FIG. 9-this is done in a one-pass grinding system, and the flat shoulders facing each other are omitted for simplicity. Since the grinding wheel is reshaped so that the contour of the grinding wheel after reshaping corresponds to the final contour 32 of the workpiece to be ground, it can be obtained by a single one-pass grinding process regardless of whether the bearing location is a complete circumferential area or a flat surface. It can grind in three grinding parts simultaneously. This is possible because, in particular, the width deviation of the grinding wheel, which is restricted on the one hand and on the other hand to the grinding wheel wear, can be compensated by the width adjustment of the grinding tool.

  A region represented by a thick line at the transition from the edge radius of the grinding wheel to the grinding surface side surface 6C represents the grinding zone 33, and the grinding tool and the workpiece are rotationally symmetric portions in the grinding zone. Based on the fact, the maximum grinding dimension distance, i.e. it must be fulfilled only by grinding grains with a small dimension on the flat side of the bearing location. Grinding abrasive grains as described above in the side zones on a grinding tool are thereby loaded to maximum during the grinding process. Grinding abrasive grains behind it in the radial direction of the grinding tool (i.e. opposite to the insertion direction in the workpiece 30) do not substantially participate in the original grinding process. That is, the reshaping cycle is essentially directed to wear at the location. However, according to FIG. 8b), in the case of the grinding tool according to the invention, a uniform reshaping can be carried out on the circumferential surface 6B (not shown), 6A or 6C, so that the grinding wheel is the final workpiece to be ground repeatedly. The contour 32 can be repeatedly reshaped so that it is achievable and the reshaping dimensions can be post-adjusted in width. Thereby, the service life of the tool can be significantly increased. On the other hand, the grinding tool can be manufactured so that a grinding wheel that is always “sharp” and easy to grind again after reshaping by reshaping at all grinding sites. This avoids the tissue changes that would otherwise occur due to thermal effects on the workpiece.

  FIG. 10 shows a grinding tool according to the present invention, in which a coolant 26 flows through a gap 25 between grinding wheel portions 5 and 7. The coolant is preferably supplied to the grinding tool in the axial direction, which can preferably take place under pressure. Inside the gap 25, the coolant is transported outward by pressure, on the one hand, and by the centrifugal action, on the other hand, by the rotation of the grinding tool, and thus in the separation seam between the parts 5 and 7. At the same time directly on the peripheral surface can be exited at the direct grinding part. Furthermore, this type of grinding tool with internal cooling can of course still perform external cooling during insertion, so that a suitable coolant supply to all grinding sites can be obtained.

  Another advantage of this type of grinding tool with internal cooling is that the separation seam between the parts 5 and 7 is continuously washed by the continuous flow in the coolant 26 and is ground into the separation seam. The residue cannot collect.

  The other structure of the grinding tool according to the present invention essentially corresponds to FIG.

It is sectional drawing of the grinding tool which concerns on this invention by 1st Example by the cutting line AA of FIG. FIG. 2 is a side view of the grinding tool according to FIG. 1 according to a viewing direction toward an adjustment / setting unit. FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view of the adjustment / setting unit device in a tight (fixed position) state acting in a friction engagement manner. It is an Example of FIG. 1 of the visual field direction to the circumferential area | region of the grinding tool which concerns on this invention. It is another Example of the visual field direction to the circumferential area | region of the grinding tool which concerns on this invention which has the isolation | separation seam extended diagonally of a meshing mechanism. It is yet another embodiment of the viewing direction to the circumferential region of the grinding tool according to the present invention having a separation seam formed in a waveform. It is the schematic of the shaping process of the conventional integrated grinding-wheel wheel which has a pan-shaped shaping wheel. It is an enlarged view of the shaping conditions described in FIG. FIG. 8b is the same enlarged view as FIG. 8a) of the reshaping conditions for a grinding tool according to the invention with adjustable width. It is a principle figure of the intervention condition in the one-pass process in a flat shoulder. FIG. 2 is an embodiment similar to that of FIG. 1 in which the cooling liquid is guided between both abrasive grains into the direct grinding site via an internal passage.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Grinding tool 2 Grinding spindle 3 Fixed flange 4 Clamping screw 5 (Grinding tool) part 6 Grinding surface 6A, B Grinding surface circumferential area 6C, D Grinding surface side surface 7 (Grinding tool) part 8 Outer centering shoulder / spigot DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 9 Outer side surface of grinding-wheel-shaped object 10 Outer side surface of grinding-wheel-shaped object 11 Scale for adjustment mechanism 12 Tightening screw for adjustment mechanism 13 Fixing screw pin 14 Centering shoulder / spigot inside 15 Upper engaging portion 16 Upper portion Engagement portion 17 Circumferential line 18 Surface perpendicular to rotation axis 19 Surface perpendicular to rotation axis 20 Surface inclined with respect to rotation axis 21 Surface inclined with respect to rotation axis 22 Rotation shaft 23 Adjustment screw 24 Thrust surface 25 Gap 26 Coolant 27 Straight wheel 28 Diamond coating 29 Grinding wheel contour before reshaping 30 Workpiece 31 Workpiece rough contour 32 Workpiece top Final contour 33 Ground surface

Claims (9)

Comprising at least a stationary part (5) and a positionable part (7) removably connected to each other;
Forming a grinding wheel like object with a coating made of CBN- or diamond abrasive,
In the grinding wheel-like object, the grinding surface (6) formed intermittently in the circumferential area (6A, 6B) of the stationary part (5) and the positionable part (7) is used as a circumferential area. Prepared,
The stationary part (5) is fixed to the grinding spindle (2), and the positionable part (7) is attached to the stationary part (5) so as to be relatively adjustable;
In the positionable part (7), at least three positioning units (11, 23) are arranged mainly at the same angle along the circumference and radially outward as far as possible in the outer circumferential direction of the grinding tool (1). Are arranged,
Outer side Centering shoulder has a (8), the outer centering shoulder, the arranged radially radially outward of the positioning unit (11, 23), and said stationary portion (5) and the possible positioning Between the part (7) and
The positionable part (7) is positionable and fixable relative to the stationary part (5) using the positioning unit (11, 23), so that the stationary part (5) and the positioning part Grinding tool (1) in which the grinding width can be adjusted by maintaining the radial position of the circumferential area (6A, 6B) of the possible part (7). The grinding tool (1) according to claim 1, further comprising a centering shoulder (14) positioned radially inward of the positioning unit (11, 23 ). Eliminating the play of the positioning unit by a headless tightening screw (13) (11, 23), by clamping in more fastening screws (12), said positionable portion (7) is pre-Symbol immovable The grinding tool (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the grinding tool (1) is clamped against the part (5) without pressure fit and play.   The grinding tool (1) according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the grinding tool (1) is centered on a spindle end on the grinding spindle (2).   The grinding tool (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the grinding width is adjustable steplessly using the positioning unit (11, 23).   The grinding tool (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the positioning unit (11, 23) is a positioning mechanism, and the positioning mechanism is mechanically manually operable.   The grinding tool (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the positioning unit (11, 23) is a positioning mechanism, and the positioning mechanism is automatically operable.   Grinding tool (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the adjustment width of the grinding tool is readable or adjustable via a scale (11). A gap (25) is formed in each width adjustment between the stationary part (5) and the positionable part (7), and the coolant (26) passes through the gap to rotate the grinding tool (1). The grinding tool (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the grinding tool (1) is fed toward the outer periphery by centrifugal action and can be introduced directly into the grinding surface (6).

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