JP4666526B2 - Commutator motor and vacuum cleaner - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a commutator motor mainly used for an electric blower mounted on a vacuum cleaner or the like.

  In order to obtain a highly efficient commutator motor that suppresses an increase in excitation current while achieving a reduction in the iron loss of the armature core of the commutator motor mounted in a vacuum cleaner, etc., the stator core is used in a high magnetic flux density region. The commutator motor is composed of a material that has little deterioration in magnetization characteristics, and the armature core is composed of a material that has little deterioration in magnetization characteristics to the middle magnetic flux density region and that has good iron loss characteristics. Has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

In addition, a field core having a pair of pole portions in which winding slots are formed, a field assembly having a winding wound around the pole portions, and rotating at a rotational speed of about 30,000 to 40,000 revolutions per minute. With the armature, the material of the electric iron plate of the armature core that constitutes the armature is made to have a lower iron loss by increasing the amount of silicon than the material of the field core, and by dividing the field core at the yoke part, There has been proposed a commutator motor that reduces material costs while reducing a decrease in efficiency of the motor (see, for example, Patent Document 2).
JP 2005-57849 A Japanese Patent No. 35509797

  In the conventional commutator motor proposed in Patent Document 1, the stator core and the armature core are made of different materials, and the armature core is made of a low iron loss material. There is a problem that iron loss generated on the surface of the stator core close to the armature core cannot be reduced.

  Similarly, another commutator motor proposed in Patent Document 2 has a problem that iron loss generated on the surface of the field core near the armature core near the gap cannot be reduced.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a highly efficient and low-cost commutator motor and a vacuum cleaner using the commutator motor.

  A commutator motor according to the present invention includes a field having a field core provided with a field winding, and an armature disposed inside the field core and having an armature winding provided in a slot of the armature core. In a commutator motor having a commutator connected to an armature winding, a brush for supplying electric power while being in contact with the commutator, and an output shaft in the center of the armature core, the field iron core has a field tooth portion and a field It is divided into magnetic yoke parts, and the field tooth part and the armature core are made of the same material, and the field yoke part is made of a material different from the field tooth part and the armature core. And

  The commutator motor according to the present invention obtains a high-efficiency and low-cost commutator motor by reducing the iron loss in the vicinity of the gap in the field core and improving the material punching of the core by the above configuration. Can do.

Embodiment 1 FIG.
1 and 2 are diagrams showing the first embodiment. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the commutator motor 100 and FIG. 2 is a division view of the field core 20.

  In FIG. 1, the field iron core 20 is divided into a field tooth portion 1 and a field yoke portion 2. The field tooth portion 1 and the field yoke portion 2 are each configured by laminating a plurality of electromagnetic steel plates. A field winding 3 is applied to the field tooth portion 1. In the example of FIG. 1, there are two field tooth portions 1, each of which is provided with a field winding 3. An iron frame 4, which is a magnetic body, is provided on the outer periphery of the field iron core 20, and the field iron core 20 is fixed by being pressed into the frame 4.

  An armature 30 is provided on the inner periphery of the field iron core 20 through a gap. The armature 30 includes an armature core 5, an armature winding 6, an output shaft 7, and the like. Similarly to the field core 20, the armature core 5 is also configured by laminating a plurality of electromagnetic steel plates. An armature winding 6 is provided in a slot 5a (22 pieces in the example of FIG. 1) of the armature core 5, and the armature winding 6 is connected to a commutator (not shown). An output shaft 7 is provided at the center of the armature core 5, and a blower (for example, used for a vacuum cleaner) is configured by attaching a blade to the output shaft 7, for example.

  When an AC voltage is applied to the commutator motor 100, the current flows to one brush connected to the commutator through one field winding 3 of the two field windings 3. A current flows to the armature winding 6 due to the sliding contact between the brush and the commutator, and the current flowing to the armature winding 6 flows from the other brush to the other field winding 3, so A child magnetic flux is generated, and the commutator motor 100 generates torque.

  The commutator motor 100 of the present embodiment is operated at a rotational speed of 36000 rpm or more per minute. The armature core 5 is provided with 22 slots 5a, and 22 armature core teeth 5b are also formed. Since each armature core tooth portion 5b is switched 22 times per rotation, the switching frequency is 36000/60 × 22 = 13200 Hz or more.

  As a result, the iron loss generated in the armature 30 is dominated by eddy current loss rather than hysteresis loss. In order to reduce the iron loss, it is common to use a thin electromagnetic steel sheet capable of reducing the eddy current loss. Is. However, generally, when a magnetic steel sheet is made thin in order to improve iron loss characteristics, the magnetic steel sheet tends to be expensive.

  On the other hand, the field yoke portion 2 of the field core 20 is switched at 50 Hz or 60 Hz, which is the frequency of the applied AC voltage (the magnetic flux changes), so the eddy current loss is not high. However, the part (inner peripheral surface) facing the armature core 5 of the field tooth portion 1 tends to have high eddy current loss due to the influence of switching of the high frequency of the armature magnetic flux.

  In the present embodiment, the field tooth portion 1 and the field yoke portion 2 constituting the field iron core 20 are divided, and the armature core 5 and the field tooth portion 1 where the eddy current loss is increased are set to 0, for example. A thin magnetic steel sheet having a thickness of 0.1 to 0.35 mm is used, and another magnetic steel sheet having a low eddy current loss, for example, 0.35 to 1 mm is used. With such a configuration, a high-efficiency and low-cost commutator motor 100 with reduced iron loss can be obtained.

  For example, JIS standard 35A250 material or 35A300 material is used as the magnetic steel sheet of the field tooth portion 1 and the armature core 5, and 50A470 material or 50A1000 material is used for the field relay portion 2. By doing so, the commutator motor 100 with high efficiency and low price can be obtained.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the field tooth portion 1 and the field yoke portion 2 are connected by a dovetail groove 8. The dovetail groove 8 includes an ant groove (female) 8a and an ant groove (male) 8b. In FIG. 2, the dovetail groove (female) 8 a is provided in the field yoke portion 2, and the dovetail groove (male) 8 b is provided in the field tooth portion 1.

  After the field winding 3 is applied to the field tooth portion 1, the field tooth portion 1 and the field yoke portion 2 can be connected by press-fitting from the laminating direction of the electromagnetic steel sheets, thereby forming the field 40. Can do.

  The groove 9 provided in the field tooth portion 1 is used to suppress the field tooth portion 1 when the field winding 3 is applied to the field tooth portion 1. In addition, as shown in FIG. 1, the space between the frame 4 and the field tooth portion 1 becomes an air passage of the blower, but the groove 9 also becomes a part of the air passage. The cross-sectional area of the air passage can be made larger than when there is no air channel. By securing the air path, there is an effect of cooling the field winding 3, and by lowering the winding temperature, the winding resistance is lowered and the copper loss is reduced. However, the presence or absence of the groove 9 does not matter as long as the air path is sufficiently secured.

Embodiment 2. FIG.
3 to 6 are diagrams showing the second embodiment, and are cross-sectional views of a commutator motor 100 including a modification. 3 to 5, the armature 30 is omitted.

  In the present embodiment, the tooth width of the field tooth portion 1 is made smaller than the tooth width of the field tooth portion 1 of the first embodiment, and the root of the tooth is formed into a right-angle shape.

  If the tooth width of the field tooth portion 1 is reduced, the circumferential length of the field winding 3 applied to the field tooth portion 1 is shortened. If the circumference of the field winding 3 is shortened, the resistance value of the winding is lowered and the copper loss is reduced. The winding circumference can be shortened by narrowing the tooth width of the field tooth portion 1, and the winding start position of the winding is fixed by making the root of the tooth a right angle shape, and the field tooth portion When the winding is directly wound around 1, the circumference can be further shortened, and a highly efficient commutator motor 100 with reduced copper loss can be obtained.

  FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of another commutator motor 100 which is a first modification. In the commutator motor 100 of FIG. 3, the field winding 3 is applied to the field tooth portion 1, but the commutator motor 100 of FIG. 4 applies the field winding 3 to the field yoke portion 2. Further, a resin frame 10 is used instead of the iron frame 4.

  The radial dimension of the field yoke portion 2 is shorter than the circumferential dimension of the field tooth portion 1. Therefore, since the field winding 3 is directly applied to the field yoke portion 2, the winding peripheral length is shortened, and complete alignment winding in which the windings are arranged in a bowl shape can be easily performed. Resistance reduction of resistance can be realized, and a highly efficient commutator motor 100 with reduced copper loss can be obtained.

  However, in this embodiment, the resin frame 10 is used instead of the iron frame 4. When the iron frame 4 is used similarly to the commutator motor 100 shown in FIG. 3, the field magnetic flux generated by the field winding 3 disposed in the space between the field yoke portion 2 and the frame 4 is a magnetic material. It leaks to the iron frame 4 side. Therefore, in order to obtain the required torque, there is a problem that the current flowing through the commutator motor 100 increases and the efficiency decreases.

  By using the resin frame 10 which is a non-magnetic material, this leakage magnetic flux is not generated, and a highly efficient commutator motor 100 can be obtained. Here, the resin frame 10 is used as the non-magnetic material, but the same effect can be obtained by using other non-magnetic material such as aluminum or stainless steel.

  FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional view of another commutator motor 100 which is a second modification. The commutator motor 100 shown in FIG. 5 has a smaller dimension in the center line direction (vertical dimension in FIGS. 3 and 4) of the field tooth portion 1 of the commutator motor 100 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. In addition, the groove 9 is omitted.

  In FIG. 3, the field winding 3 is directly applied to the field tooth portion 1. Therefore, in order to secure a space for arranging the field winding 3, the field tooth of the commutator motor 100 in the figure is used. It is necessary to increase the dimension of the portion 1 in the center line direction (vertical dimension in FIG. 3). If the dimension in the center line direction of the field tooth portion 1 of the commutator motor 100 is reduced, the arrangement space of the field winding 3 is reduced, and it is necessary to reduce the wire diameter of the field winding 3. There was a problem that copper loss was high and motor efficiency was reduced.

  However, in the commutator motor 100 of FIGS. 4 and 5, the field winding 3 is directly applied to the field yoke portion 2, so even if the arrangement space of the field winding 3 shown in FIG. There is no hindrance. Even if the size of the field tooth portion 1 of the commutator motor 100 in the center line direction is reduced, the same characteristics as those of the conventional one that is not reduced can be obtained.

  By reducing the size of the field tooth portion 1 in the center line direction, the commutator motor 100 can be reduced in size and weight can be reduced, and the amount of electromagnetic steel sheet to be used can be reduced, so that low-cost rectification can be achieved. The child electric motor 100 can be obtained.

  FIG. 6 shows a cross-sectional view of another commutator motor 100 which is a third modification. The tooth tip shapes at both ends of the field tooth portion 1 shown in FIG. 5 are symmetrical with respect to the center line of the field tooth portion 1, but the tooth tip shapes at both ends of the field tooth portion 1 in FIG. The shape is asymmetric with respect to the center line of the field tooth portion 1. Moreover, the field tooth portion 1 is asymmetric with respect to a line orthogonal to the center line of the field tooth portion 1.

  In FIG. 6, the armature 30 rotates counterclockwise. The field tooth portion 1 has a specification in which the clockwise tooth tip is thickened to reduce the magnetic flux density with respect to the counter clockwise tooth tip shape with respect to the magnetic pole center (vertical axis in FIG. 6).

  The field magnetic flux generated by the field iron core 20 and the armature magnetic flux generated by the armature core 5 are operated at a predetermined angle during the operation of the commutator motor 100. Generally, the direction of the magnetic flux is inclined with respect to the magnetic pole center of the field tooth portion 1, and the magnetic flux tends to concentrate on the tooth tip in the clockwise direction. In the present embodiment, the current flowing through the commutator motor 100 can be reduced by thickening the tooth tips in the direction in which the magnetic flux concentrates to reduce the magnetic flux density, and the commutator motor 100 with higher efficiency can be reduced. Obtainable.

Embodiment 3 FIG.
7 to 11 are diagrams showing the third embodiment, and FIG. 7 is a diagram showing material removal of the field tooth portion 1 and the armature core 5 formed by punching from a hoop material 11 of a rolled electromagnetic steel sheet. FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the material removal of the field yoke portion 2 formed by stamping from a hoop material 12 of a roll-shaped electromagnetic steel sheet, and FIG. 9 is a modification of FIG. FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining material removal of the field tooth portion 1 and the armature core 5 formed by punching from a hoop material 11 of a rolled electromagnetic steel sheet, and FIG. 10 is a diagram of FIG. 5 described in the second embodiment. FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining material removal of the field tooth portion 1 and the armature core 5, and FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining material removal of the field yoke portion 2 of FIG. 5 described in the second embodiment.

  As described above, the field tooth portion 1 and the armature core 5 have high iron loss (particularly eddy current loss), and the iron loss generated in the field yoke portion 2 is relatively low. Therefore, the field tooth part 1 and the armature core 5 are obtained by using a thin electromagnetic steel plate, for example, a hoop material 11 having a thickness of 0.1 to 0.35 mm to obtain a highly efficient commutator motor 100. Can do.

  However, although the thin electromagnetic steel sheet is expensive, since the material picking (yield) is improved by punching the field tooth portion 1 and the armature core 5 from the same hoop material 11, the amount of use of the thin electromagnetic steel sheet is reduced. can do. Thereby, the highly efficient and low-cost commutator motor 100 can be obtained (see FIG. 7).

  On the other hand, the field yoke portion 2 uses a magnetic steel plate made of a material different from the hoop material 11, for example, a hoop material 12 having a thickness of 0.35 to 1 mm, thereby reducing the material cost of the magnetic steel plate. The low-price commutator motor 100 can be obtained (see FIG. 8).

  Here, in FIG. 7, the maximum lateral width (circumferential width) of the field tooth portion 1 is set smaller than the outer diameter of the armature core 5. When the maximum lateral width of the field tooth portion 1 is made larger than the outer diameter of the armature core 5, the material removal from the hoop material 11 deteriorates, so that the amount of use of the thin electromagnetic steel sheet increases and the motor becomes expensive. was there.

  In the present embodiment, it is possible to obtain a low-cost commutator motor 100 with improved material handling by making the maximum width of the field tooth portion 1 smaller than the outer diameter of the armature core 5.

  Here, the maximum lateral width of the field tooth portion 1 has been described as being smaller than the outer diameter of the armature core 5, but it is desirable that further improvement in material removal is possible by setting both dimensions to be substantially the same. Become.

  FIG. 9 is a modification of FIG. 7, and the direction of the iron core material is rotated by 90 degrees with respect to that shown in FIG. The direction of the rolling direction of the thin magnetic steel sheets constituting the same is aligned.

  Since the armature core 5 rotates during the operation of the commutator motor 100, the direction in which the magnetic flux flows also rotates. However, the field tooth portion 1 is fixed during the operation of the motor, and the flow of the magnetic flux is two. It flows in the direction opposite to one field tooth portion 1. In the magnetic steel sheet constituting the hoop material 11, magnetic flux easily flows in the rolling direction (easy magnetization direction), and magnetic flux hardly flows in the perpendicular direction (magnetic difficulty direction).

  In the present embodiment, since the magnetic flux easily flows by aligning the flow of magnetic flux of the field tooth portion 1 and the rolling direction (magnetization direction) of the magnetic steel sheet, the current flowing to the commutator motor 100 is reduced, and the high efficiency. A commutator motor 100 can be obtained.

  In the commutator motor 100 shown in FIG. 5, since the size of the field tooth portion 1 in the center line direction is reduced, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, the punching pitch is reduced and the material removal is improved. Therefore, a low-cost commutator motor 100 can be obtained.

  Here, if the maximum lateral width of the field tooth portion 1 is increased with respect to the diameter of the armature core 5, it is necessary to increase the material width of the hoop material 11, and the yield deteriorates. Therefore, it is desirable to set the maximum lateral width of the field tooth portion 1 to be equal to or less than the diameter of the armature core 5.

Embodiment 4 FIG.
If the commutator motor 100 of Embodiment 1 thru | or Embodiment 3 is used for the air blower of a vacuum cleaner, a highly efficient and low-priced vacuum cleaner can be obtained.

FIG. 3 shows the first embodiment and is a cross-sectional view of the commutator motor 100. FIG. 5 shows the first embodiment and is a division view of the field core 20. FIG. 5 shows the second embodiment and is a cross-sectional view of the commutator motor 100. It is a figure which shows Embodiment 2, and is a cross-sectional view of another commutator motor 100 which is a 1st modification. It is a figure which shows Embodiment 2, and is a cross-sectional view of another commutator motor 100 which is a 2nd modification. It is a figure which shows Embodiment 2, and is a cross-sectional view of another commutator motor 100 which is a 3rd modification. The figure which shows Embodiment 3 and is the figure explaining the material removal of the field tooth part 1 comprised by stamping from the hoop material 11 of a roll-shaped electromagnetic steel plate, and the armature core 5. FIG. The figure which shows Embodiment 3 and is the figure explaining the material removal of the field yoke part 2 comprised by punching from the hoop material 12 of a roll-shaped electromagnetic steel plate. In the figure which shows Embodiment 3, the material removal of the field tooth part 1 comprised by stamping from the hoop material 11 of the roll-shaped electromagnetic steel plate of the modification of FIG. 7 and the armature core 5 was demonstrated. Figure. FIG. 6 shows the third embodiment, and is a diagram illustrating the material removal of the field tooth portion 1 and the armature core 5 of FIG. 5 described in the second embodiment. It is a figure which shows Embodiment 3, and is a figure explaining the material removal of the field yoke part 2 of FIG. 5 demonstrated in Embodiment 2. FIG.

Explanation of symbols

  1 field tooth part, 2 field yoke part, 3 field winding, 4 frame, 5 armature core, 5a slot, 5b armature core tooth part, 6 armature winding, 7 output shaft, 8 dovetail , 8a Dovetail groove (female), 8b Dovetail groove (male), 9 groove, 10 resin frame, 11 hoop material, 12 hoop material, 20 field core, 40 field, 100 commutator motor.

Claims (10)

A field magnet provided with a field winding on a field core, an armature disposed inside the field core and armature wound in a slot of the armature core, and connected to the armature winding A commutator, a brush for supplying power while being in contact with the commutator, and a commutator motor having an output shaft in the center of the armature core;
The field iron core is divided into a field tooth portion and a field yoke portion, the field tooth portion and the armature core are made of the same material, and the field yoke portion is made of the field tooth. The commutator motor is composed of a material different from that of the armature core and the armature core.   The field tooth portion, the field yoke portion, and the armature core are configured by laminating a plurality of electromagnetic steel plates, and the thickness of the electromagnetic steel plate used for the field tooth portion and the armature core is set. 2. The commutator motor according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the electromagnetic steel sheet used for the field yoke portion is smaller.   The iron loss per unit weight at the same magnetic flux density and the same frequency of the magnetic steel sheet used for the field tooth portion and the armature core is the unit weight at the same magnetic flux density and the same frequency of the magnetic steel sheet used for the field yoke portion. The commutator motor according to claim 1, wherein the commutator motor is smaller than a per core loss.   The said field tooth part and said armature core are stamped by the press work from the same hoop material of the electromagnetic steel plate comprised by roll shape, The structure of any one of Claim 1 thru | or 3 characterized by the above-mentioned. The commutator motor described.   The commutator motor according to claim 4, wherein a maximum lateral width of the field tooth portion in a circumferential direction is made smaller than an outer diameter of the armature core.   The commutator motor according to claim 1, wherein the field winding is applied to the field tooth portion.   6. The field winding portion is provided with the field winding, and a frame made of a non-magnetic material is provided on an outer peripheral portion of the field magnet. The commutator motor described.   A connecting portion between the field yoke portion and the field tooth portion is constituted by a dovetail groove, and after the field winding is applied, the field yoke portion and the field tooth portion are press-fitted into the dovetail groove. The commutator motor according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the commutator motors are coupled together. The commutator motor according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the motor is operated at a rotational speed per minute of 36000 or more.   A vacuum cleaner comprising the commutator motor according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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