JP4666097B2 - Dismantling apparatus and disassembling method for products having permanent magnets - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a demagnetizing device and a demagnetizing method for demagnetizing a permanent magnet of a motor such as a compressor, and a disassembling device and a disassembling method for a product having a permanent magnet.

  Conventionally, products having permanent magnets, such as motors and compressors, are crushed by a dismantling device (crusher) while maintaining the magnetic force of the permanent magnets without demagnetizing the permanent magnets. It was separated from other parts.

Further, as a method of demagnetizing a product such as a motor having a permanent magnet, the temperature of the product is raised to a temperature above the Curie temperature of the permanent magnet (a temperature at which the permanent magnet loses its magnetic force, which is a high temperature of about 400 ° C. or higher). In order to increase the temperature of a product such as a motor, the temperature was increased by putting it in a furnace or the like.

  Conventionally, when products using permanent magnets, such as motors and compressors, are crushed with a dismantling device as described above, permanent magnet fragments adhere to each part of the dismantling device (crushing machine) and adversely affect the dismantling device. It was the cause of failure and deterioration. In particular, it may adhere to each part of the dismantling device (such as the blade part or housing part of the crushing unit) or crushed iron scraps, and the crushed pieces may not come out of the dismantling device or crusher. Thus, the magnet pieces adhering to each part of the apparatus had to be removed, which required a great deal of labor and time. In addition, even when magnet pieces coming out of the dismantling device or the crusher are selected, the magnet pieces attached to the iron scrap are collected in the same place as the iron scrap, and there is a problem that the quality of the iron is lowered.

  In addition, for a product having a permanent magnet such as a motor, it is preferable to demagnetize the permanent magnet of the product before crushing. However, the entire product is subjected to Curie temperature of the permanent magnet (about 460 ° C. in the case of a ferrite magnet, Nd-Fe -In the case of a B-type sintered magnet, the method of demagnetizing by heating to 320 ° C. or higher requires a large capacity heating equipment in a large furnace or the like to raise the temperature of the product, and the equipment cost is also high. Was spending a lot of energy. Therefore, the cost for recycling was increased. In addition, when the motor is housed in a sealed container such as a compressor, the motor may be removed from the compressor's sealed container and the motor alone may be heated. It had to be dismantled by cutting, etc., and it took a lot of time, cost and labor.

  In addition, if a permanent magnet type motor such as a compressor is incorporated and commercialized, there may be temperature constraint conditions for parts other than the motor, and it is not always necessary to raise the Curie temperature for each product during recycling. There was a problem that it was not always allowed.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and aims to reduce the cost when recycling a product having a permanent magnet. Another object is to improve the recycling rate when recycling products with permanent magnets. It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for demagnetizing a product having a permanent magnet such as a motor or a compressor with simple equipment. It is another object of the present invention to provide equipment capable of heating only the motor when demagnetizing. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method and a demagnetizing device for demagnetizing a product having a permanent magnet with a simple structure. Another object of the present invention is to provide a disassembling method and a disassembling apparatus for demagnetizing and dismantling a product having a permanent magnet with a simple structure. It is another object of the present invention to prevent the crushed magnet pieces from adhering to the dismantling device or crushing device during dismantling or crushing.

The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, a crushing unit for crushing products with permanent magnets, the crushed pieces having a permanent magnet attached to the broken砕部giving a magnetic field of fragments And a demagnetizing section that performs electrical demagnetization to electrically demagnetize the permanent magnet.

Further, the invention includes a crushing unit for crushing products with permanent magnets, and a discharge port for discharging the crushed pieces are crushed by the crushing part, and a storage portion for storing been crushed pieces discharged from the discharge port, yield capacity an electrical demagnetization portion electrically demagnetized permanent magnet of the crushed pieces by applying a magnetic field to fragments having a permanent magnet attached or housed in part, those having a.

In addition, the present invention includes a demagnetizing unit that applies a high-frequency voltage that changes with time to a coil provided in the housing part or in the vicinity of the housing part and applies a magnetic field to the fragments of permanent magnets attached to the shattered part. is there.

Moreover, this invention comprises the accommodating part which accommodates the crushing piece crushed in the crushing part with a nonmagnetic material.

In addition, the present invention includes a demagnetizing unit that applies a high-frequency voltage that changes with time to a coil provided in the crushing part or in the vicinity of the crushing part and applies a magnetic field to the fragments of permanent magnets attached to the crushing part. is there.

Further, the present invention includes an input step for supplying a product having a permanent magnet, a crushing step for crushing the product input by the input step, a discharge step for discharging the crushed pieces crushed by the crushing step, and a discharge step. comprising a housing step of housing the ejected fragments, the one in which having a magnetic field applying steps to demagnetize the permanent magnets of the crushed pieces by applying a magnetic field to fragments or after crushing step in crushing step.

The present invention also includes a voltage application step for applying a high-frequency voltage that changes with time to a coil provided in the dismantling device, and applying a voltage to the coil in the voltage application step to give a magnetic field to the fragments and permanently The magnet is demagnetized.

As described above, the present invention is electrically demagnetized and crushing part for crushing the product, the permanent magnets of the crushed pieces by applying a magnetic field to fragments having a permanent magnet attached to the implosion砕部with permanent magnets A demagnetizing unit that performs electrical demagnetization, so that the fragmentation of the permanent magnet can be prevented from adhering to the crushing unit of the crushing device, and the product having the permanent magnet that can prevent the device from malfunctioning and deteriorating A device can be obtained.

Further, the invention includes a crushing unit for crushing products with permanent magnets, and a discharge port for discharging the crushed pieces are crushed by the crushing part, and a storage portion for storing been crushed pieces discharged from the discharge port, yield capacity an electrical demagnetization unit electrically demagnetized permanent magnet fragments giving a magnetic field to fragments having a permanent magnet attached or housed in part, because with a, in housed in the housing portion scrap It is possible to obtain a product dismantling apparatus having a low-cost and low-cost permanent magnet that can separate the adhering permanent magnet, reduce the time required for the separation, and reduce the cost for the separation.

In addition, since the present invention includes a demagnetizing portion that applies a high-frequency voltage that changes with time to the coil provided in the housing portion or in the vicinity of the housing portion and applies a magnetic field to the fragments of the permanent magnet attached to the crushing portion. A product dismantling apparatus having a permanent magnet that can remove the fragments of permanent magnets attached to the housing portion in a short time with a simple facility, and can reduce the time and effort to remove the fragments from the device from the device. Obtainable.

Moreover, since this invention comprised the accommodating part which accommodates the crushing piece crushed in the crushing part with the nonmagnetic material, the crushing piece which has a permanent magnet does not adhere to the wall surface of a accommodating part, and a permanent magnet piece A product dismantling apparatus having a highly recyclable permanent magnet that can further improve the recovery rate can be obtained.

In addition, since the present invention includes a demagnetizing unit that applies a high-frequency voltage that changes with time to the coil provided in the crushing part or in the vicinity of the crushing part and applies a magnetic field to the fragments of the permanent magnet attached to the crushing part. A piece of permanent magnet attached to the crushing portion can be removed in a short time with simple equipment, and a product dismantling device having a highly reliable permanent magnet that can prevent failure and deterioration of the device can be obtained.

Further, the present invention includes an input step for supplying a product having a permanent magnet, a crushing step for crushing the product input by the input step, a discharge step for discharging the crushed pieces crushed by the crushing step, and a discharge step. comprising a housing step of housing the ejected fragments, and so had a magnetic field applying steps to demagnetize the permanent magnets of the crushed pieces by applying a magnetic field to fragments or after crushing step in crushing step, the crushing device A product dismantling apparatus having a highly reliable permanent magnet that can suppress the crushing pieces having permanent magnets from being attached to each part and prevent failure and deterioration of the apparatus can be obtained.

The present invention also includes a voltage application step for applying a high-frequency voltage that changes with time to a coil provided in the dismantling device, and applying a voltage to the coil in the voltage application step to give a magnetic field to the fragments and permanently Since the magnets are demagnetized, it is possible to demagnetize the fragments with permanent magnets attached to each part of the equipment and iron scrap without increasing to the Curie temperature with simple equipment, and the recovery rate of the permanent magnet material It is possible to obtain a product disassembling apparatus having a highly recyclable permanent magnet that can improve the temperature.

1 is a cross-sectional view showing a structure of a motor having a general three-phase four-pole permanent magnet representing Embodiment 1. FIG. FIG. 3 is a connection diagram of coils viewed from the inner diameter side of the motor representing the first embodiment. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a rotor that represents another example of a motor that includes the permanent magnet according to the first embodiment. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a rotor that represents another example of a motor that includes the permanent magnet according to the first embodiment. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a rotor that represents another example of a motor that includes the permanent magnet according to the first embodiment. It is sectional drawing of the compressor provided with the motor which has a permanent magnet showing this Embodiment 1. FIG. FIG. 3 is a connection diagram in the case of applying a voltage to a three-phase Y-connected motor representing the first embodiment to demagnetize the motor. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a voltage waveform to be applied according to the first embodiment. FIG. It is another sectional view of a motor which has a permanent magnet of this embodiment. It is an example of the voltage waveform applied when the frequency of the voltage applied to a motor is made variable. It is a figure showing the state which attached the temperature sensor which detects the temperature of Embodiment 1 directly to the motor. FIG. 3 is a flowchart for stopping voltage application representing the first embodiment. FIG. 3 is a flowchart for controlling the voltage application time representing the first embodiment. FIG. 6 is a simplified diagram of a crushing device that crushes a product having a permanent magnet representing the second embodiment. FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the crushing device representing the second embodiment. It is a figure showing an example of the voltage waveform applied in this Embodiment. It is a demagnetization curve of a ferrite magnet. It is a demagnetization curve of a rare earth magnet.

Embodiment 1 FIG.
FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an example of a structure of a motor having a general three-phase four-pole permanent magnet. In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a cylindrical stator core provided with a plurality of slots 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, 2f extending in the axial direction on the inner peripheral surface, and the slots 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, Teeth portions 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, and 3f are formed between adjacent slots of 2f. Reference numeral 4 denotes a winding wound directly around the tooth portions 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, and 3f. Reference numeral 5 denotes a stator having a stator core 1 and a coil 4.

  6 is a rotor shaft which is arranged on the axis of the stator 5 and is rotatable with respect to the stator 5, 7 is a rotor core fixed to the rotor shaft 6, and 8 is a plurality of permanent magnets fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core 7. These permanent magnets 8 are mainly composed of ferrite or neodymium, and are magnetized and arranged so that N poles and S poles are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction. Further, even when the rotor is driven to rotate at high speed, the SUS cylindrical holding ring 19 is fixed to the outer periphery of the permanent magnet 8 by press-fitting or shrink fitting so that the permanent magnet 8 is not scattered by centrifugal force. Has been. Reference numeral 9 denotes a rotor having a rotor shaft 6, a rotor core 7 and permanent magnets 8, and a holding ring 19, and a gap 10 is provided between the rotor 9 and the stator 5.

  FIG. 2 is a connection diagram of the coil developed from the inner diameter side of the motor. In this embodiment, the winding is composed of three phases of U phase, V phase, and W phase. Concentrated windings are applied so that 3, 4 and 5 are sectional views of a rotor of another example of a motor having a permanent magnet, and are sectional views of a magnet-embedded rotor. In the figure, 6 is a rotor shaft, 7 is a rotor core obtained by punching and laminating electromagnetic steel sheets of about 0.3 to 0.5 mm, 70 is a rivet for caulking the laminated steel sheet of the rotor core 7 in the axial direction, and 8 is a rotor core. 7 is a permanent magnet embedded in 7.

  Reference numeral 9 denotes a rotor having the rotor shaft 6, the rotor core 7, and the permanent magnet 8, and does not have the holding ring 19 as described in FIG. 1, and is fixed to the rotor core 7 by press fitting or the like. These rotor structures may have various other structures depending on the shape and arrangement of the permanent magnet. In any case, if the rotor structure is a magnet-embedded rotor structure, the surface portion of the rotor 9 is as shown in FIG. Is a stainless steel plate (SUS), and in the case of FIG. 3, FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, it is an electromagnetic steel plate, all of which are configured to have a good electrical conductivity (good conductivity).

  Next, a method for demagnetizing a permanent magnet of a motor having a permanent magnet will be described with reference to FIGS. 6, 7, and 8. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a compressor provided with a motor having a permanent magnet representing the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 6, the stator 5 is fixed to the inner wall of the sealed container 13 of the compressor 12 used in a room air conditioner, a refrigerator, or the like by shrink fitting or press fitting. Reference numeral 14 denotes a glass terminal (sealed terminal) provided in the hermetic container 12, which is connected to the winding 4 of the stator 5 inside the hermetic container 12, and enables energization to the winding 4 of the stator 5 from the outside. . The rotor 9 is fixed and integrated with the rotor shaft 6 by shrink fitting or press fitting. The rotor shaft 6 is held by bearings 15A, 15B and the like.

  FIG. 7 is a connection diagram in the case of applying a voltage to a three-phase Y-connected motor to demagnetize, and FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of an applied voltage waveform. In FIG. 7, 11 is a single-phase power supply, 111 is a control means for controlling the magnitude, frequency, application time, etc. of the applied voltage to preset values, 11A and 11B are connection terminals of the power supply 11, and 16 is a stator 5 The U-phase terminal, 17 is a V-phase terminal, and 18 is a W-phase terminal. The stator of the present embodiment is Y-connected as shown in the figure. In FIG. 8, the horizontal axis represents the applied time, and the vertical axis represents the magnitude of the applied voltage.

  Here, in order to demagnetize the permanent magnet of the motor having the permanent magnet provided in the compressor, first, the U-phase terminal 16 is connected to the terminal 11A of the single-phase power source 11, and the V-phase terminal and The W-phase terminal is connected to the other terminal 11B of the power source 11. Next, a high frequency voltage of about several kHz to several hundred kHz and several hundreds V is applied from the power source 11 to the motor terminals 11A and 11B as shown in FIG. As a result, an induced current flows through an iron part such as a SUS holding ring or a magnetic steel plate on the surface of the rotor 9 to generate Joule heat and heat the rotor surface. This heat is transmitted from the rotor surface to the permanent magnet to heat the permanent magnet, the temperature of the permanent magnet reaches the Curie temperature, and the permanent magnet is demagnetized. After demagnetizing the permanent magnet in this manner, the motor is crushed and recycled while being incorporated in the compressor. At this time, the rotor is constrained and does not rotate.

  Here, the magnitude, frequency, application time, and the like of the voltage applied to the motor are optimally controlled by the control unit 111. For the magnitude, frequency, application time, and the like of the voltage applied to the motor, optimum values may be obtained in advance through experiments or the like and input to the control means 111.

  Moreover, the Example of the motor which has a permanent magnet used other than a compressor is shown in FIG. FIG. 9 is another cross-sectional view of a motor having a permanent magnet according to the present embodiment. In the figure, the same parts as those in FIG. As shown in FIG. 9, the present embodiment does not have a conductive metal holding member 19 for holding the permanent magnet 8 on the surface of the rotor 9 as shown in FIG. In the case of such a rotor, the permanent magnet 8 is fixed to the rotor core 7 with an adhesive or a screw.

  In such a rotor that does not have the holding member 19 of the permanent magnet 8, the conductivity is different depending on the material of the permanent magnet, and in the case of an iron-based permanent magnet, the conductivity is good. The permanent magnet of the rotor can be heated by the flow Joule heat. However, in the case of a ferrite-based permanent magnet, since the conductivity is poor and there is no material with good conductivity on the rotor surface, it is difficult for the induced current to flow, so a frequency of about several tens of MHz, which is higher than several kHz to several hundred kHz. By applying a high-frequency voltage, the molecules that make up the permanent magnet cause permanent movements such as rotation, collision, vibration, and friction on the order of tens of millions of times per second due to the electric field effect of high-frequency energy. The magnet generates heat, and the permanent magnet can rise in temperature to the Curie temperature or higher to be thermally demagnetized.

  In addition, when different rotor structures are mixed, such as when a magnet holding ring is present or not, a variable frequency control unit capable of continuously varying the frequency is provided in the control means 111 so that the voltage applied to the motor can be adjusted. The frequency may be varied in the range of several kHz to several tens of MHz. Here, FIG. 10 shows an example of a voltage waveform to be applied when the frequency of the voltage applied to the motor is variable. In the figure, the horizontal axis represents the application time, and the vertical axis represents the magnitude of the applied voltage. As shown in the figure, the frequency of the voltage applied with time changes continuously. Here, the frequency is continuously changed with time from several kHz to several tens of MHz. By applying a voltage having a frequency that continuously changes with this time, the rotor temperature can be raised to a temperature at which the permanent magnet can be demagnetized in any rotor structure as described above. The permanent magnet can be reliably demagnetized. At this time, the insulating paper of the motor may be burned out due to a rise in the temperature of the rotor, but there is no problem at the time of recycling.

  As described above, by applying a high-frequency voltage between predetermined terminals of the winding 4 of the stator 5, the motor is permanently removed from the hermetic container 13 of the compressor 12 without using a simple power supply 11. The magnet can be easily demagnetized. Moreover, failure and deterioration of the crusher due to adhesion of crushing pieces having permanent magnets to the blades of the crusher and each part of the crushing device during crushing can be prevented.

  In this embodiment, a 6-slot, 4-pole concentrated winding motor is described as an example. However, the combination of the number of slots and the number of poles is applicable to all motors. Further, in the present embodiment, the concentrated winding in which the winding is wound directly on the teeth has been described as an example, but the same effect can be obtained even if a distributed winding is used instead of the concentrated winding. Moreover, although the winding connection has been described with respect to the Y connection, the same effect can be obtained even with a Δ connection. In addition, when demagnetizing a single compressor, it is desirable to fix the rotor because the rotor may rattle or move when a voltage is applied. Further, when the heat heated by the rotor escapes to the outside and the rotor temperature does not easily rise, an enclosure may be provided around the motor.

  In the present embodiment, the compressor motor used in the room air conditioner and the refrigerator has been described as an example. However, for example, a washing machine driving motor, a fan motor, a cleaner, an FDD, and an electric vehicle driving motor. Needless to say, the present invention is applicable to all products equipped with a motor having a permanent magnet. When demagnetizing a single motor, it can be demagnetized by installing the stator 5 and the rotor 9 as a set and applying the above-described high-frequency voltage to a predetermined terminal of the winding 4.

  FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a state in which a temperature sensor for detecting temperature is directly attached to the motor. In the figure, 100 is a holding portion for holding a motor, 4 is a winding of a stator 5, 6 is a rotor shaft, and 7 is a rotor core. Reference numerals 103 and 104 denote temperature detection means such as a temperature detection sensor or a thermocouple for detecting the temperature, and are attached to the surface of the stator 5 or the surface of the rotor core 7. Therefore, when the motor alone or the motor is exposed to the outside, if the temperature detection means 103, 104 such as a thermocouple or temperature sensor is attached directly to the motor as shown in the figure, the temperature detection means Based on the detected temperature, it is possible to determine the time for applying the voltage to the motor such as stopping the voltage application to the motor.

  In this case, the temperature detecting means is preferably located near the permanent magnet and is preferably attached to the rotor 9. When attaching to the stator, the correlation between the temperature detection means and the temperature of the permanent magnet portion may be measured in advance. Therefore, with this method, the temperature of the motor can be directly detected, so that the demagnetization can be reliably performed, and the demagnetization time can be shortened because it is not necessary to see a margin. In addition, since the voltage application time can be shortened, the electricity cost can be reduced.

  In addition, if the motor is housed inside a sealed container or the like and the motor is not exposed to the outside or if it is difficult to attach the temperature detection means, resistance detection means for detecting the resistance of the stator winding is provided. If the winding resistance of the stator is detected, the temperature of the winding can be estimated from the resistance of the winding, and the temperature of the motor can be estimated from the temperature of the winding. Therefore, the time for applying the voltage to the motor can be determined based on the temperature of the motor estimated from the resistance of the winding. Therefore, with this method, the temperature of the motor can be estimated, so that it can be reliably demagnetized and there is no need to apply a voltage in vain.

  Further, if the temperature information from the temperature detection means or the resistance information from the resistance detection means is input to the control means 111, the control means 111 can control the voltage application time to the motor by this input information. . FIG. 12 is a flowchart for controlling the voltage application time based on the temperature detecting means. In the figure, ST11 is a start, ST12 is a voltage application step for applying a voltage to the motor, ST13 is a frequency control step for controlling the frequency and magnitude of the applied voltage, ST14 is a motor heating step for heating the motor, and ST15 is a motor. A motor temperature detecting step for detecting or estimating the temperature of the motor, ST16 is a temperature determining step for determining whether the motor temperature is equal to or lower than a preset temperature, and ST17 is a motor temperature based on the temperature information determined by ST16. The voltage application stop step for stopping the voltage application when it becomes larger, ST18 is an end.

  In ST12, a voltage is applied to a predetermined phase of the motor, and in ST13, the voltage is applied while controlling the frequency, magnitude, and application time of the applied voltage to set values. Here, the larger the voltage, the shorter the heating time because a larger current flows, but the motor may break down, so the relationship between the voltage magnitude and frequency and the motor temperature rise in advance. It is desirable to know through experiments. When the voltage is applied, the motor is heated in ST14. In ST15, the temperature of the rotor having a permanent magnet is detected by detecting the motor temperature by the temperature detecting means 103 or 104, or measuring the winding resistance by temporarily stopping the voltage application and estimating the temperature from the winding resistance. To figure out. When the temperature of the rotor grasped in ST16 becomes higher than a preset temperature (a temperature at which the permanent magnet can be demagnetized), the voltage application is stopped in ST17. When the rotor temperature obtained in ST16 is equal to or lower than the preset temperature, the process returns to ST13 and voltage application is continued.

  Therefore, since the application of voltage is stopped when the detected or estimated motor temperature reaches a preset temperature (a temperature at which the permanent magnet can be demagnetized), the temperature of the motor can be grasped by a simple means and low. Demagnetization can be reliably performed even if the type of motor changes with costly equipment. Further, the temperature is detected and the application of the voltage is stopped, so that it is not necessary to apply the voltage unnecessarily, and the electricity cost can be reduced. If the motor temperature or winding resistance cannot be detected at all times, the voltage application time is determined by estimating the degree of temperature rise from the temperature and resistance information measured at a certain time. Such control may be performed.

  FIG. 13 is a flowchart for controlling the voltage application time based on the temperature detecting means. In the figure, ST111 is a start, ST112 is a voltage application step for applying a voltage to the motor, ST113 is a frequency control step for controlling the frequency and magnitude of the applied voltage, ST114 is a motor heating step for heating the motor, and ST115 is pre- A detection time determination step for determining whether it is time to detect the set temperature or resistance value, ST116 is a motor temperature detection step for detecting or estimating the temperature of the motor, and ST117 predicts the degree of increase in the temperature of the motor in advance. A voltage application time setting step for estimating a time during which the temperature falls below a set temperature and setting the estimated time as a voltage application stop time. ST118 is a voltage for determining whether or not the voltage application stop time set in ST117 has been reached. Application time determination step, ST119 is a voltage application time determination step. Voltage application stop step of stopping the application of voltage in a case in which it is in the voltage application stop time at step ST 118, ST119 is ended.

  In ST112, a voltage is applied to a predetermined phase of the motor. In ST113, the frequency and magnitude of the applied voltage are controlled to set values. When the voltage is applied, the motor is applied in ST114. Is heated. Then, in ST115, it is determined whether or not it is time to detect the preset motor temperature or winding resistance. If the detection time is reached, the temperature of the motor is detected in ST116. The winding resistance is measured by detecting by 104, or the voltage application is temporarily stopped, and the temperature of the part having the permanent magnet is grasped by estimating the temperature from the winding resistance.

  Then, the time to reach a preset temperature (temperature at which the permanent magnet can be demagnetized) is estimated from the temperature grasped in ST117, and the voltage application time is reset and set to the time from the measurement time point. When estimating the time, it is only necessary to detect at least twice, and to increase the estimation accuracy each time the number of detections increases. In ST118, it is determined whether or not the voltage application stop time set in ST117 is reached. If the voltage application stop time is reached, voltage application is stopped in ST119. When the voltage stop time is not reached in ST118, the process returns to ST113 and the voltage application is continued.

  Therefore, it is not necessary to constantly monitor the temperature and resistance value, it is sufficient to suspend the voltage application, measure the temperature instantaneously, and restart the voltage application again, so that the resistance is detected. The voltage application stop time is short, and voltage application and temperature can be measured efficiently. In addition, since the permanent magnet motor inside the sealed container can be demagnetized without removing the motor from the sealed container, the time for disassembling the sealed container can be shortened, and labor and cost for disassembling can be reduced. Therefore, the cost increase at the time of recycling can also be suppressed.

  In the present embodiment, the hermetic compressor constituted by the hermetic container has been described. However, the hermetic compressor does not need to be separately provided and can be applied to a semi-hermetic compressor that can be disassembled with a bolt or the like. However, since it can be demagnetized without having to remove the bolts and remove the motor, the time and labor for disassembling can be reduced.

Embodiment 2. FIG.
FIG. 14 is a simplified view of a dismantling (crushing) device for crushing a product having a permanent magnet representing the second embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, 21 is an inlet for introducing a product such as a compressor, 22 is a roller-shaped crushing portion having a blade portion for crushing and crushing the product charged into the inlet 21, and 23 is a crushing portion 22. A discharge port for discharging the crushed pieces crushed by 24, a receiving portion 24 for accommodating the discharged crushed pieces, and 25a, for example, attached to the upper portion of the crushed portion 22 in the vicinity of the crushed portion 22 and substantially perpendicular to the crushed portion 22. A first coil 25b for applying a magnetic field in the direction to be attached is attached near the accommodating portion 24, for example, below the accommodating portion 24, and a second coil 11 for applying a magnetic field in a direction substantially perpendicular to the accommodating portion 24 A power source connected to each terminal of the coils 25a and 25b and supplying power, 112 is a control means for controlling the magnitude, frequency and application time of the voltage supplied to each terminal, and 20 is a dismantling (crushing) device. mouth 1, crushing part 22, outlet 23, housing portion 24, the coil 25a, 25b, and is constituted by a power supply 11.

  Next, operation | movement of a dismantling (crushing) apparatus is demonstrated using FIG. FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing the operation of the dismantling (crushing) apparatus. In the figure, ST21 is a start, ST22 is an input step for inputting a workpiece such as a product, ST23 is a crushing step for crushing the workpiece, ST24 is a discharging step for discharging a crushed piece of the workpiece crushed in the crushing step, and ST25 is crushing. An accommodation step of accommodating the piece in the accommodation unit, ST26 is an end.

  In ST27, the debris attached to the crushing part is heated to demagnetize the permanent magnet thermally, or the magnetic demagnetization is applied to the crushing piece attached to the crushing part to electrically demagnetize the permanent magnet. ST28 is a demagnetization step that performs either one of the magnetism, ST28 heats the debris adhering to the outlet and thermally demagnetizes the permanent magnet, or applies a magnetic field to the debris adhering to the outlet. The discharge port demagnetizing step that performs any one of the electrical demagnetization to electrically demagnetize the permanent magnet, ST29 is a heat that heats the crushed pieces adhering to the housing portion and thermally demagnetizes the permanent magnet This is a housing portion demagnetizing step for performing either one of demagnetization or electric demagnetization in which a permanent magnet is electrically demagnetized by applying a magnetic field to the fragment pieces attached to the housing portion.

  First, after a product such as a compressor having a permanent magnet at the input step ST22 is input from the input port 21 of the dismantling (crushing) device 20, the workpiece input at the crushing step ST23 is guided to the crushing portion 22 and the blade portion. The workpiece is crushed into crushed pieces by the crushing section 22 having the following. Next, the crushed pieces crushed in the discharge step ST24 are discharged from the discharge port 23 and stored in the storage unit 24 in the storage step ST25. Here, the fragments of the permanent magnet adhere to the crushing portion 22 and the discharge port 23 made of a ferromagnetic material. Moreover, the permanent magnet piece which passed the discharge port 23 is accommodated in the accommodating part 24 in the state adhering to the crushed iron scrap etc. simultaneously. Moreover, when the accommodating part 24 is comprised with the ferromagnetic body, the fragmentary piece of a permanent magnet will adhere to the wall surface of the accommodating part 24. FIG.

  Therefore, in the present embodiment, during the crushing of the workpiece in the crushing step ST23 or after the crushing of the workpiece in the crushing step ST23 is completed, in the crushing portion demagnetizing step ST27, A debris having a permanent magnet attached to the crushing section 22 is heated by a heating section (not shown) such as a heater or a burner provided in the vicinity, and the demagnetization is performed by raising the temperature to a demagnetizing temperature. Or by applying current to the crushing part 22 or the coil 25a provided in the vicinity of the crushing part 22 and applying a magnetic field to the crushing pieces having permanent magnets attached to the crushing part 22 to electrically demagnetize. After demagnetizing by this method, the process proceeds to discharge step ST24.

  Similarly, during discharge of the crushed pieces in the discharge step ST24 or after discharge of the crushed pieces in the discharge step ST24 is completed, in the discharge port demagnetization step ST28, the discharge port 23 or the vicinity of the discharge port 23 A debris having a permanent magnet attached to the discharge port 23 is heated by a heating unit (not shown) such as a heater provided in the heater to raise the temperature to a demagnetizing temperature, and is thermally demagnetized or discharged. By energizing a coil 25a provided in the vicinity of the outlet 23 or the outlet 23, a magnetic field is applied to the fragments having permanent magnets attached to the outlet 23 to electrically demagnetize them. After demagnetization, the process proceeds to the accommodation step ST25.

  Further, during the accommodation of the crushed pieces in the accommodation step ST25 or after the accommodation of the crushed pieces in the accommodation step ST25 is completed, in the accommodation portion demagnetizing step ST29, it is provided in the vicinity of the accommodation portion 24 or the accommodation portion. The debris having permanent magnets attached to the accommodating portion 24 is heated by the heated portion 25b and heated to a demagnetizing temperature to thermally demagnetize, or the accommodating portion 24 or the vicinity of the accommodating portion 24 After demagnetization by either method of applying a magnetic field to the shredded pieces having permanent magnets attached to the accommodating portion 24 by energizing the coil 25a provided on the housing 25, the demagnetization is performed. This process is finished. Therefore, it can suppress that the crushing piece which has a permanent magnet adheres to the crushing part 22, the discharge port 23, or the accommodating part 24 of the crushing apparatus 20, and can prevent failure and deterioration of an apparatus. Here, it is not necessary to perform the three steps of the crushing part demagnetizing step ST27, the discharge port demagnetizing step ST28, and the accommodating part demagnetizing step ST29. The effect is obtained.

  Here, an example of the voltage applied to the coils 25a and 25b will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of a voltage waveform applied in the present embodiment. In the figure, the horizontal axis represents the applied time, and the vertical axis represents the magnitude of the applied voltage. As shown in FIG. 16, an alternating voltage of about several tens Hz and several kV, which decays with time, is applied to the coils 25a and 25b using the power source 11 having the control means 112 for about several minutes. As a result, an alternating magnetic field with a gradually decreasing amplitude is applied to the permanent magnet, so that the direction of the magnetic moment in the permanent magnet is averaged, the residual magnetism due to the hysteresis phenomenon is gradually reduced, and the strength of the alternating magnetic field is increased. When the value reaches zero, the fragments having permanent magnets can be demagnetized. Moreover, a voltage may be applied to the coil 25a and the coil 25b simultaneously, or a voltage may be applied separately.

  Therefore, it is possible to remove pieces of permanent magnets adhering to the crushing part and the wall surface of the housing part with a simple facility, so that the trouble and time for removing the pieces attached to the apparatus from the apparatus by disassembling the apparatus, etc. Can be shortened. Further, since the permanent magnet attached to the iron scrap can be separated, it is not necessary to separate the permanent magnet, so that the time can be shortened and the cost for the separation can be reduced. Furthermore, since this method gives a magnetic field, it is not necessary to raise the temperature of the fragment having permanent magnets to the Curie temperature or higher. Therefore, when the temperature is raised to the Curie temperature, there is no part that cannot be used at the time of recycling because the temperature exceeds the allowable temperature, and it is not necessary to sort the unusable parts. In addition, since the temperature is not raised above the Curie point, it is possible to save energy, improve the recycling rate, and reduce the recycling cost. Further, the applied voltage can be similarly demagnetized even if it is a high frequency voltage of several kHz to several tens of MHz as shown in FIG. 10 described in the first embodiment.

  FIG. 17 shows a demagnetization curve of the ferrite magnet. FIG. 18 shows a demagnetization curve of a rare earth magnet composed mainly of neodymium, iron, boron or the like. In the figure, the horizontal axis indicates the holding force, and the smaller the holding force is, the smaller the demagnetizing field (small current) is, the more the permanent magnet can be demagnetized. The vertical axis represents the magnetic flux density, and the larger the self-sufficient density, the greater the magnet's magnetic force. From the figure, it can be seen that the ferrite magnet has a characteristic that the coercive force (current value that can be demagnetized) decreases as the temperature decreases. In contrast, the rare earth magnet has a characteristic that the holding force (current value that can be demagnetized) decreases as the temperature increases.

  Therefore, the demagnetization characteristics of the permanent magnet vary depending on the material constituting the permanent magnet. When the material of the permanent magnet is composed mainly of ferrite, the temperature of the permanent magnet is lower than the normal temperature, When the material of the magnet is composed mainly of neodymium, iron, boron, etc., the permanent magnet temperature is set to a temperature higher than room temperature, and then the demagnetizing current is applied, so that it exceeds the Curie point. Without increasing the temperature of the permanent magnet, demagnetization can be performed with a smaller current than that at room temperature, and demagnetization with high reliability and low electricity cost can be performed reliably.

  As described above, by applying a voltage to the coils 25a and 25b to apply a magnetic field to the crushed pieces, the crushed pieces having permanent magnets attached to the crushed portion 22 and the wall surface of the accommodating portion and the iron scrap can be easily and quickly removed. Therefore, the recovery rate of the permanent magnet material can be improved. Moreover, the crushing piece which has a permanent magnet does not adhere to iron scrap, and the quality of the collect | recovered iron can be improved. Further, if the housing part is made of a non-magnetic material in advance, crush pieces having permanent magnets will not adhere to the wall surface of the housing part, and the recovery rate of the permanent magnet pieces can be further improved.

  Further, instead of the electrical demagnetization method of applying a high-frequency magnetic field to the coil, there is a method of demagnetizing by heating a crushed piece having a permanent magnet to a temperature equal to or higher than the Curie temperature. As this method, the crushed piece having a permanent magnet is used. A similar effect can be obtained even by a thermal demagnetization method in which the material is forcibly heated. As the heating method, any method can be used as long as it can be demagnetized by heating to a temperature above the Curie temperature, such as a nichrome wire heater, a heating wire, a flame by combustion, or direct heating by hot air.

  1 Stator core, 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, 2f Slot, 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, 3f Teeth section, 4 windings, 5 Stator, 6 Rotor shaft, 7 Rotor core, 8 Permanent magnet, 9 Rotor 10 gap, 11 power supply, 11A, 11B connection terminal, 12 compressor, 13 airtight container, 14 glass terminal, 15A, 15B bearing part, 16 U phase terminal, 17 V phase terminal, 18 W phase terminal, 19 retaining ring, DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 20 Dismantling apparatus, 21 input port, 22 crushing part, 23 discharge port, 24 accommodating part, 25a 1st coil, 25b 2nd coil, 100, holding | maintenance part, 103,104 temperature detection means, 111,112 control means.

Claims (6)

A high frequency power supply for generating a high-frequency voltage whose frequency varies with time in a range up to several kHz~ tens MHz, a crushing section made of a magnetic material for crushing products with permanent magnet holding the magnetic force, the the crushing part coil crushed during or crushed into fragments having a permanent magnet attached to the crushing part has a crushing part coil for generating the applied magnetic field the high frequency voltage is provided in the vicinity of the crushing part or the crushing part And a first demagnetizing section that electrically demagnetizes the permanent magnet to remove the crushed pieces from the crushed section . A discharge port configured of a magnetic material that discharges the crushed pieces crushed by the crushing unit, and a discharge unit coil that is provided in the vicinity of the discharge port or the discharge port and applies the high-frequency voltage to generate a magnetic field. And having the permanent magnet attached to the discharge port without being demagnetized by the first demagnetization unit, applying a magnetic field of the discharge coil to electrically demagnetize the permanent magnet. disassembling apparatus of products having a permanent magnet according to claim 1 you, characterized in that and a second demagnetization portions removing the debris from the discharge port. A first demagnetization unit comprising: a storage unit that stores the crushed pieces discharged from the discharge port; and a storage unit coil that is provided in the vicinity of the storage unit or in the vicinity of the storage unit and generates a magnetic field by applying the high-frequency voltage. And demagnetizing the permanent magnet by applying a magnetic field of the storage coil to the shredded piece having the permanent magnet stored in the storage without being demagnetized by the first and second demagnetization units. The product demolition device having a permanent magnet according to claim 2, further comprising a third demagnetizing unit. A charging step of charging a product having a permanent magnet holding magnetic force into a charging port of a dismantling device, and a crushing step of crushing the charged product by a crushing portion provided in the dismantling device and configured by a magnetic material; In the crushing step or after the crushing step, the crushing part coil provided in the vicinity of the crushing part or the crushing part is applied with a high-frequency voltage that changes over time in a frequency range of several kHz to several tens of MHz, and is generated. And a first demagnetizing step that applies a magnetic field to the crushed pieces having the permanent magnet attached to the crushed portion in the crushed step and removes the permanent magnet from the crushed portion. Dismantling method for products having permanent magnets. A discharge step of discharging the crushed pieces crushed in the crushing section from a discharge port provided in the dismantling device and made of a magnetic material, and the discharge port or the discharge port during or after the discharge step The magnetic field generated by applying a high-frequency voltage that changes with time in the range of several kHz to several tens of MHz to the discharge coil provided in the vicinity of the discharge coil is not demagnetized in the first demagnetization step. 5. A second demagnetizing step which is applied to a fragment having the permanent magnet attached to the discharge port in a discharge step and demagnetizes the permanent magnet and removes the permanent magnet from the discharge port. A method for disassembling a product having the permanent magnet according to 1. A storage step for storing the crushed pieces discharged from the discharge port in a storage unit provided in the dismantling apparatus, and a storage unit provided in the vicinity of the storage unit or the storage unit during or after the storage step. A magnetic field generated by applying a high frequency voltage whose frequency changes over time in the range of several kHz to several tens of MHz to the coil is not demagnetized in the first demagnetization step and the second demagnetization step. The product having a permanent magnet according to claim 5, further comprising a third demagnetizing step that applies to a shredded piece having the permanent magnet housed in the housing portion and demagnetizes the permanent magnet. Dismantling method.

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