JP4651352B2 - Sediment movement analysis system - Google Patents

Sediment movement analysis system Download PDF

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JP4651352B2
JP4651352B2 JP2004296449A JP2004296449A JP4651352B2 JP 4651352 B2 JP4651352 B2 JP 4651352B2 JP 2004296449 A JP2004296449 A JP 2004296449A JP 2004296449 A JP2004296449 A JP 2004296449A JP 4651352 B2 JP4651352 B2 JP 4651352B2
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identification information
stone
position information
analysis system
movement analysis
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JP2006105916A (en
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裕明 坂下
芳春 金子
亨 小更
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Pasco Corp
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Description

本発明は、土石流等の土砂の移動を解析するための土砂移動解析システムに関する。   The present invention relates to a sediment movement analysis system for analyzing movement of sediment such as debris flow.

近年、海岸浸食や河川下流部の河床低下、橋脚の洗堀などが河川管理上の問題として捉えられている。また、山地部では、山腹斜面の崩壊、扇状地での河道浸食、ダム湖における堆砂問題などが顕在化している。   In recent years, coastal erosion, riverbed deterioration in the downstream of rivers, scouring of piers, etc. are seen as problems in river management. In mountainous areas, collapse of hillside slopes, river channel erosion in fan-shaped areas, sedimentation problems in dam lakes, etc. have become apparent.

これらの問題を正確に把握し、解決するためには、流砂系全体に亘る土砂移動の観察が不可欠である。このため、例えば下記特許文献１には、ＧＰＳ衛星からのデータを受信する受信機と、該受信データに基づくデータを無線で送信する送信機とを備えた浮体を使用した土石流、ダムの水面、河川や海流等の流動体の移動を計測するシステムが開示されている。
特開２００１−４６４９号公報 In order to accurately grasp and solve these problems, it is essential to observe sediment movement throughout the sediment transport system. For this reason, for example, in the following Patent Document 1, a debris flow using a floating body including a receiver that receives data from a GPS satellite and a transmitter that wirelessly transmits data based on the received data, the water surface of a dam, A system for measuring the movement of a fluid such as a river or ocean current is disclosed.
JP 2001-4649 A

しかし、上記従来の技術においては、計測に使用する浮体に、ＧＰＳ衛星からのデータを受信する受信機と、該受信データに基づくデータを無線で送信する送信機とを備えているので、装置コストが高くなるという問題があった。   However, in the above-described conventional technique, the floating body used for measurement includes a receiver that receives data from GPS satellites and a transmitter that wirelessly transmits data based on the received data. There was a problem that became high.

また、浮体は流体の上に浮いて移動するので、必ずしも土砂の移動を正確に表しておらず、正確な土砂移動の観察が困難であるという問題もあった。   Moreover, since the floating body floats on the fluid and moves, there is a problem that the movement of the earth and sand is not necessarily accurately represented, and it is difficult to observe the movement of the earth and sand accurately.

本発明は、上記従来の課題に鑑みなされたものであり、その目的は、低コストで正確な土砂移動の観察が可能となる土砂移動解析システムを提供することにある。   The present invention has been made in view of the above-described conventional problems, and an object thereof is to provide a sediment movement analysis system that enables accurate observation of sediment movement at low cost.

上記目的を達成するために、本発明は、土砂移動解析システムであって、自然石または人工石に取り付けられ、識別情報を発生する識別情報発生手段と、前記識別情報発生手段が取り付けられた自然石または人工石の位置情報を取得する位置情報取得手段と、前記位置情報取得手段が取得した位置情報を、前記識別情報発生手段が発生した識別情報毎に記憶する位置情報記憶手段と、前記識別情報発生手段が発生する識別情報を受信し、前記自然石または人工石が所定位置を通過したことを、通過時刻とともに監視する通過監視手段と、前記通過監視手段が受信した識別情報を、前記通過時刻とともに記憶する通過情報記憶手段と、を備えることを特徴とする。   In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is an earth and sand movement analysis system, which is attached to a natural stone or artificial stone and generates identification information, and a natural information to which the identification information generation means is attached. Position information acquisition means for acquiring position information of a stone or artificial stone, position information storage means for storing the position information acquired by the position information acquisition means for each identification information generated by the identification information generation means, and the identification The identification information generated by the information generation means is received, the passage monitoring means for monitoring the passage of the natural stone or artificial stone with a passage time, and the identification information received by the passage monitoring means Passage information storage means for storing the time information along with the time.

ここで、上記位置情報取得手段は、前記自然石または人工石の移動後の位置情報も取得するのが好適である。さらに、上記位置情報取得手段は、位置情報の測定時刻も取得するのが好適である。   Here, it is preferable that the position information acquisition means also acquires position information after movement of the natural stone or artificial stone. Furthermore, it is preferable that the position information acquisition means also acquires the measurement time of the position information.

また、上記識別情報発生手段は、前記自然石または人工石の内部に保持されていてもよいし自然石または人工石の表面に保持されていてもよい。   Further, the identification information generating means may be held inside the natural stone or artificial stone, or may be held on the surface of the natural stone or artificial stone.

また、上記人工石は生分解性材料で構成されているのが好適である。   The artificial stone is preferably made of a biodegradable material.

本発明によれば、識別情報発生手段は識別情報を発生するだけであり、ＧＰＳ衛星からのデータを受信する機能が不要であるので、装置コストを低くできる。また、識別情報発生手段が自然石または人工石に取り付けられており、それらの移動位置及び移動時刻が把握できるので、土砂移動の正確なトレーサビリティが可能になる。   According to the present invention, the identification information generating means only generates the identification information and does not need a function of receiving data from the GPS satellite, so that the apparatus cost can be reduced. Further, since the identification information generating means is attached to natural stone or artificial stone and the movement position and movement time thereof can be grasped, accurate traceability of earth and sand movement becomes possible.

以下、本発明を実施するための最良の形態（以下、実施形態という）を、図面に従って説明する。   Hereinafter, the best mode for carrying out the present invention (hereinafter referred to as an embodiment) will be described with reference to the drawings.

図１、図２には、本発明にかかる土砂移動解析システムの説明図が示される。図１において、土砂移動解析の対象となる河川１０の上流地域１１等に、識別情報を保持し、外部に対して発生することができる識別情報発生装置を取り付けた自然石または人工石（以後、観測対象石１２とする）を配置しておく。この識別情報発生装置としては、例えばＩＣタグ等を使用することができる。ＩＣタグは、ＩＤ番号等の識別情報を記憶し、外部の適宜な通信装置と通信を行って、該通信装置に上記識別情報を送信する。   1 and 2 are explanatory diagrams of the sediment movement analysis system according to the present invention. In FIG. 1, natural stone or artificial stone (hereinafter referred to as an identification information generating device that holds identification information and can be generated externally in an upstream area 11 or the like of a river 10 to be subjected to sediment movement analysis. The observation target stone 12 is placed. As this identification information generating device, for example, an IC tag or the like can be used. The IC tag stores identification information such as an ID number, communicates with an appropriate external communication device, and transmits the identification information to the communication device.

上記ＩＣタグを取り付けた観測対象石１２の位置情報は、位置情報取得装置１４により予め取得しておく。この位置情報取得装置１４としては、例えばＧＰＳ衛星信号の受信装置と光波測距儀とを組み合わせた測量装置またはＧＰＳ衛星信号の受信装置とジャイロステーションとを組み合わせた測量装置等により構成され、観測対象石１２の位置を測定できるように構成される。また、位置情報取得装置１４は、観測対象石１２の位置の測定時刻も取得できるように構成するのが好適である。観測対象石１２の位置の測定は、識別情報発生装置としてのＩＣタグが発生する識別情報毎に実施する。なお、識別情報は、予め各ＩＣタグと交信して取得しておいてもよいし、観測対象石１２の位置の測定毎に取得してもよい。   The position information of the observation target stone 12 to which the IC tag is attached is acquired in advance by the position information acquisition device 14. The position information acquisition device 14 includes, for example, a surveying device that combines a GPS satellite signal receiving device and a light wave range finder, or a surveying device that combines a GPS satellite signal receiving device and a gyro station, and is an observation target. The position of the stone 12 can be measured. The position information acquisition device 14 is preferably configured so as to be able to acquire the measurement time of the position of the observation target stone 12. The position of the observation target stone 12 is measured for each identification information generated by an IC tag as an identification information generating device. The identification information may be acquired by communicating with each IC tag in advance, or may be acquired every time the position of the observation target stone 12 is measured.

位置情報取得装置１４により取得された観測対象石１２の位置情報は、上記識別情報とともに、適宜な無線通信回線、ネットワーク等の通信手段、またはフレキシブルディスク、コンパクトディスク等のコンピュータ読み取り可能な記憶媒体を介してサーバ１６に渡され、記憶される。このサーバ１６が、本発明の位置情報記憶手段として機能する。   The position information of the observation target stone 12 acquired by the position information acquisition device 14 includes a communication means such as an appropriate wireless communication line or network, or a computer-readable storage medium such as a flexible disk or a compact disk together with the identification information. To the server 16 and stored therein. This server 16 functions as position information storage means of the present invention.

また、河川１０の下流側の所定位置には、観測対象石１２に取り付けられたＩＣタグと交信し、その識別情報を受信する受信装置１８が配置されている。受信装置１８には、ＩＣタグと交信するためのアンテナ部２０が接続されている。   A receiving device 18 that communicates with an IC tag attached to the observation target stone 12 and receives the identification information is disposed at a predetermined position downstream of the river 10. The receiving device 18 is connected to an antenna unit 20 for communicating with the IC tag.

次に、河川１０の上流地域１１に大量の降雨があり、観測対象石１２が土砂とともに河川１０に流出する、いわゆる土石流が発生した場合には、図２に示されるように、観測対象石１２が上記アンテナ部２０の下を通過する。このとき、受信装置１８がアンテナ部２０を介して観測対象石１２に取り付けられたＩＣタグと交信し、識別情報を受信する。受信した識別情報は、識別情報の受信時刻とともに、上述した通信手段または記憶媒体等を介してサーバ１６に渡され、記憶される。この場合の受信装置１８が、本発明の通過監視手段として機能する。   Next, when there is a large amount of rainfall in the upstream area 11 of the river 10 and a so-called debris flow occurs in which the observation target stone 12 flows into the river 10 together with the earth and sand, as shown in FIG. Passes under the antenna unit 20. At this time, the receiving device 18 communicates with the IC tag attached to the observation target stone 12 via the antenna unit 20 and receives the identification information. The received identification information is passed to the server 16 via the communication means or the storage medium described above and stored together with the reception time of the identification information. The receiving device 18 in this case functions as the passage monitoring means of the present invention.

サーバ１６では、上記識別情報に基づき、流出前にどの位置にあった観測対象石１２が、河川１０の所定位置（アンテナ部２０の位置）を通過したのかを判別し、記憶する。この場合、サーバ１６は、識別情報の受信時刻により、いつ観測対象石１２が河川１０の所定位置を通過したかの通過時刻情報も判別し、記憶する。これにより、土石流等により河川に流出した観測対象石１２の動きを観察でき、土砂移動の解析を行うことができる。この場合のサーバ１６は、本発明の通過情報記憶手段として機能する。   Based on the identification information, the server 16 discriminates and stores the position of the observation target stone 12 that has existed before the outflow has passed a predetermined position of the river 10 (the position of the antenna unit 20). In this case, the server 16 also determines and stores passage time information on when the observation target stone 12 has passed the predetermined position of the river 10 based on the reception time of the identification information. Thereby, the movement of the observation target stone 12 that has flowed into the river due to debris flow or the like can be observed, and analysis of sediment movement can be performed. The server 16 in this case functions as passage information storage means of the present invention.

図３（ａ）、（ｂ）には、識別情報発生手段としてのＩＣタグを、観測対象石１２に取り付けた様子が示される。図３（ａ）では、ＩＣタグ２２が、観測対象石１２に形成された空隙部２４に挿入され、観測対象石１２の内部に保持される。この場合、空隙部２４にＩＣタグ２２を挿入した後、水分の侵入を防止し、ＩＣタグ２２を保護するために、接着剤等の適宜な樹脂をＩＣタグ２２と空隙部２４の壁の隙間に注入、固化するのが好適である。   FIGS. 3A and 3B show a state in which an IC tag as identification information generating means is attached to the observation target stone 12. In FIG. 3A, the IC tag 22 is inserted into the space 24 formed in the observation target stone 12 and is held inside the observation target stone 12. In this case, after inserting the IC tag 22 into the gap portion 24, an appropriate resin such as an adhesive is applied between the IC tag 22 and the gap portion 24 to prevent moisture from entering and protect the IC tag 22. It is preferable to inject and solidify.

また、図３（ｂ）には、ＩＣタグ２２が、観測対象石１２の表面に接着されている例が示される。この場合には、ＩＣタグ２２と観測対象石１２の表面との間だけでなく、ＩＣタグ２２の表面側（観測対象石１２との接着面の反対側の面）にも接着剤等の適宜な樹脂を塗布し、固化してＩＣタグ２２の保護を図るのが好適である。   FIG. 3B shows an example in which the IC tag 22 is bonded to the surface of the observation target stone 12. In this case, an adhesive or the like is appropriately applied not only between the IC tag 22 and the surface of the observation target stone 12 but also on the surface side of the IC tag 22 (the surface opposite to the adhesion surface with the observation target stone 12). It is preferable to apply an appropriate resin and solidify it to protect the IC tag 22.

なお、図３（ａ）、（ｂ）には、カード型ＩＣタグを例示したが、これ以外に防水型や工業用といった各種ＩＣタグを利用することができる。   3A and 3B exemplify a card type IC tag, other various types of IC tags such as a waterproof type and an industrial type can be used.

上記観測対象石１２としては、上述の通り、自然石または人工石のいずれも使用することができる。なお、人工石を使用する場合には、設置する河川状況に合わせて、粒径、比重等を調整する。また、環境に対する負荷を軽減するために、生分解性材料で構成するのが好適である。   As the observation target stone 12, either natural stone or artificial stone can be used as described above. When using artificial stones, adjust the particle size, specific gravity, etc. according to the river conditions. Moreover, in order to reduce the load with respect to an environment, it is suitable to comprise with a biodegradable material.

図４（ａ）、（ｂ）には、上記アンテナ部の取付位置の例が示される。図４（ａ）の例では、河川の所定位置に設置され、土石流等を捕捉するための砂防えん堤２６の水通し部２８の上部を渡って、ゲート状のアンテナ部２０が設置されている。また、この代わりに、水通し部２８の壁面の一部に挿入孔３０を設け、この中にアンテナ部２０を挿入、保持してもよい。   4A and 4B show examples of the mounting position of the antenna unit. In the example of FIG. 4A, the gate-shaped antenna unit 20 is installed at a predetermined position in the river and crosses the upper part of the water passage portion 28 of the sabo dam 26 for capturing debris flow and the like. . Alternatively, an insertion hole 30 may be provided in a part of the wall surface of the water passage portion 28, and the antenna portion 20 may be inserted and held therein.

また、図４（ｂ）の例では、スリット３２が設けられた砂防えん堤２６において、スリット３２の壁面の一部に挿入孔３０を設け、この中にアンテナ部２０が挿入、保持されている。   4B, in the sabo dam 26 provided with the slit 32, an insertion hole 30 is provided in a part of the wall surface of the slit 32, and the antenna unit 20 is inserted and held therein. .

なお、アンテナ部２０の取付位置は、図４（ａ）、（ｂ）には限られず、土砂移動解析の対象となる河川等の状況に応じて、適宜決定することができる。   In addition, the attachment position of the antenna part 20 is not restricted to FIG. 4 (a), (b), It can determine suitably according to the conditions, such as a river used as the object of sediment movement analysis.

次に、河川１０を土石流が下った後、土石流とともに移動した観測対象石１２の移動後の位置情報及び位置情報の測定時刻も取得するのが、土砂移動解析にとって好ましい。このため、土石流が治まった後、河川１０の下流側に位置情報取得装置１４を移して観測対象石１２の移動後の位置情報と位置情報の測定時刻を取得する。この場合、位置情報取得装置１４をラジコンヘリコプターに搭載して観測対象石１２の移動後の位置情報を取得するのも好適である。また、位置情報を測定する際には、各観測対象石１２に取り付けられたＩＣタグから識別情報を取得し、識別情報毎に位置情報を取得する。なお、位置情報取得装置１４は、予め河川１０の下流側の所定の位置に設置しておいてもよい。   Next, it is preferable for the sediment movement analysis that the position information after the movement of the observation target stone 12 moved together with the debris flow and the measurement time of the position information are acquired after the debris flow descends the river 10. For this reason, after the debris flow subsides, the position information acquisition device 14 is moved to the downstream side of the river 10 to acquire the position information after the movement of the observation target stone 12 and the measurement time of the position information. In this case, it is also preferable to acquire the position information after the movement of the observation target stone 12 by mounting the position information acquisition device 14 on the radio control helicopter. Moreover, when measuring position information, identification information is acquired from the IC tag attached to each observation object stone 12, and position information is acquired for every identification information. The position information acquisition device 14 may be installed in advance at a predetermined position on the downstream side of the river 10.

本発明にかかる土砂移動解析システムの説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the earth and sand movement analysis system concerning this invention. 本発明にかかる土砂移動解析システムの説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the earth and sand movement analysis system concerning this invention. 識別情報発生手段としてのＩＣタグを、観測対象石に取り付けた様子の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of a mode that the IC tag as an identification information generation means was attached to the observation object stone. アンテナ部の取付位置の例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the example of the attachment position of an antenna part.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１０ 河川、１１ 上流地域、１２ 観測対象石、１４ 位置情報取得装置、１６ サーバ、１８ 受信装置、２０ アンテナ部、２２ ＩＣタグ、２４ 空隙部、２６ 砂防えん堤、２８ 水通し部、３０ 挿入孔、３２ スリット。   10 Rivers, 11 Upstream area, 12 Observation target stone, 14 Location information acquisition device, 16 Server, 18 Receiver, 20 Antenna part, 22 IC tag, 24 Air gap part, 26 Sabo dam, 28 Water passage part, 30 Insertion hole 32 slits.

Claims (6)

自然石または人工石に取り付けられ、識別情報を発生する識別情報発生手段と、
前記識別情報発生手段が取り付けられた自然石または人工石の位置情報を取得する位置情報取得手段と、
前記位置情報取得手段が取得した位置情報を、前記識別情報発生手段が発生した識別情報毎に記憶する位置情報記憶手段と、
前記識別情報発生手段が発生する識別情報を受信し、前記自然石または人工石が所定位置を通過したことを、通過時刻とともに監視する通過監視手段と、
前記通過監視手段が受信した識別情報を、前記通過時刻とともに記憶する通過情報記憶手段と、
を備えることを特徴とする土砂移動解析システム。 Identification information generating means attached to natural stone or artificial stone and generating identification information;
Position information acquisition means for acquiring position information of a natural stone or artificial stone to which the identification information generation means is attached;
Position information storage means for storing the position information acquired by the position information acquisition means for each identification information generated by the identification information generation means;
The passage monitoring means for receiving the identification information generated by the identification information generating means and monitoring the passage of the natural stone or artificial stone with a passage time,
Passage information storage means for storing the identification information received by the passage monitoring means together with the passage time;
A sediment movement analysis system characterized by comprising: 請求項１記載の土砂移動解析システムにおいて、前記位置情報取得手段は、前記自然石または人工石の移動後の位置情報も取得することを特徴とする土砂移動解析システム。   2. The earth and sand movement analysis system according to claim 1, wherein the position information acquisition means also acquires position information after movement of the natural stone or artificial stone. 請求項１または請求項２記載の土砂移動解析システムにおいて、前記位置情報取得手段は、位置情報の測定時刻も取得することを特徴とする土砂移動解析システム。   3. The sediment movement analysis system according to claim 1, wherein the position information acquisition unit also acquires a measurement time of the position information. 請求項１から請求項３のいずれか一項記載の土砂移動解析システムにおいて、前記識別情報発生手段は、前記自然石または人工石の内部に保持されていることを特徴とする土砂移動解析システム。   The sediment movement analysis system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the identification information generating means is held inside the natural stone or artificial stone. 請求項１から請求項３のいずれか一項記載の土砂移動解析システムにおいて、前記識別情報発生手段は、前記自然石または人工石の表面に保持されていることを特徴とする土砂移動解析システム。   The sediment movement analysis system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the identification information generating means is held on a surface of the natural stone or artificial stone. 請求項１から請求項５のいずれか一項記載の土砂移動解析システムにおいて、前記人工石は生分解性材料で構成されていることを特徴とする土砂移動解析システム。
The sediment movement analysis system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the artificial stone is made of a biodegradable material.
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