JP4651226B2 - Drawing process for difficult-to-work materials with high melting point - Google Patents
Drawing process for difficult-to-work materials with high melting point Download PDFInfo
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- JP4651226B2 JP4651226B2 JP2001158227A JP2001158227A JP4651226B2 JP 4651226 B2 JP4651226 B2 JP 4651226B2 JP 2001158227 A JP2001158227 A JP 2001158227A JP 2001158227 A JP2001158227 A JP 2001158227A JP 4651226 B2 JP4651226 B2 JP 4651226B2
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Description
【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
開示技術は、自動車等の内燃機関用のスパークプラグ等の電極材料や単結晶生成時に用いるるつぼ等の吊線や補修用線等の素材としてイリジウムを基材に用いた技術分野に属する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近時、産業の隆盛は科学技術の急速の進歩に支持されているが、上述線材などにあっては製造される製品は高度の精密さ等が要求され、当該精密さは広範囲な温度範囲においても、設定機能が安定し、又、充分な反復使用に対してもその機能が具備されることが強く求められ、しかも、当該線材の製品のみならず、製品製造用器具類等にもかかる安定した機能が保持されることが強く望まれるものである。
【0003】
而して、該種精密装備機器に用いられる線材には高温での強度性に優れ、化学的にも安定した金属製であることが必要であり、かかる高温性能や化学的性能の良好な機能を有する金属としてイリジウムが広く知られている。
【0004】
従来イリジウム、又は、イリジウム合金の伸線加工技術は、例えば、特開平7−268574号公報に示されている再結晶温度で処理した後の熱間加工方法とバーナー加熱による熱間加工方法が一般的であった。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
さりながら、従来技術に基づく伸線加工においては、所定の高い温度の加熱状態で加工を行わねばならないがために、加工に際しての高温加熱性が良いことによる加工能率の向上のために、これまで操作性に優れており、その上、安価な手法としてバーナーを用いるのが一般的な技術であったが、当該バーナーを用いる熱間加熱加工においては、適性条件による均一な加熱を用いる処理でないと、所謂加工ワレが生ずる可能性がある不都合さがあるが、かかる加熱処理にあっては加熱温度管理幅が狭いために、大気中での加工熱により周囲環境による空調風等のもとではその炎のゆらぎのために均一加熱が出来ないという欠点があり、例えば、横軸に伸線の長さを縦軸に温度をとる図4のグラフに示す様に、バーナー等による従来方式による加熱方法の加熱温度特性C1 は時間的に加熱温度が不均一であることが分かってはいる。
【0006】
このように熱処理的に可及的に均一加熱を行うには、高度の熟練を要するという難点があり、又、適性温度に達するまでの時間を長く要し、又当該適性温度に達しても、該適性温度を維持するのが極めて困難であり、したがって、加工作業に従事する作業者は当該加工に習熟した所謂ベテラン作業者でなければ、高度の加工処理が得られないという不具合があり、大気中での加工のため、イリジウムの酸化揮発が避けられず、例えば、特開平7−268574号公報発明で示されている再結晶温度で処理した後の熱間加工方法では結果的に製品歩留りが低く、該低い歩留りの故に結果的に長時間を要し、コスト高になるという不利点もあった。
【0007】
【発明の目的】
この発明の目的は上述従来技術に基づく加工の初期の熱間伸線加工のステージにおいて、バーナー等による炎のゆらぎに起因する不均一加熱の結果、歩留り低下につながる加工ワレの問題点を解決すべき技術的課題とし、熱間伸線加工のステージにおいて、使用する加熱処理の加熱源として急速加熱が可能である周公知の高周波誘導方式を加熱源加熱方式として採用するようにし、加熱温度の調整は前もってダミー線による加熱温度特性を放射温度計により測定解析し、制御機器内にプログラムすることで自動化が出来るようにして、所定のマニュアルがあれば高度な熟練の無い作業者であっても、良好な熱間加熱加工処理が容易に、且つ、スムーズに行われるようにして金属産業における加工技術利用分野に益する優れた高融点難加工材の伸線加工方法を提供せんとするものである。
【0008】
【発明が課題を解決しようとする手段】
高融点材料としてイリジウム又はイリジウム合金をまず溶解してインゴットを成形し、次いで熱間鍛造を施し、その後、熱間伸線加工を経て所定寸法の線材を得るようにする高融点難加工の伸線加工方法であって、当該熱間伸線加工処理時の加熱源として高周波誘導加熱方式を採用するようにする技術的手段を講じたものである。
【0009】
【作用】
而して、上述構成において、難加工高融点材料としてイリジウム、又は、これと同等なイリジウム合金を原素材として用い、まず、第一ステージに溶解してインゴットを得て、熱間鍛造を経て、その後加熱伸線加工を行うに、その加熱源として周公知の高周波誘導加熱方式を用いるようにし、したがって何等バーナーなどによる加熱源の炎のゆらぎが無く、その加熱コイル内にセラミック管を挿入することで電気的絶縁や周囲環境からの影響や酸化防止が図れ、該適性加工加熱範囲をマニュアルに従って、ベテラン作業者でなくとも、極めてスムーズ、且つ、容易に加工出来、歩留り向上が図れるようにされ、加熱条件もプログラムされた条件表により容易に導き出すことが可能となるようにしたものである。
【0010】
【発明が実施しようとする形態】
次ぎにこの実施しようとする形態を図面を参照し、表に基づいて説明すれば以下の通りである。
【0011】
図1に示す様に実施態様として直径10μmのイリジウム粉末とロジュウム粉末を90重量%と10重量%の割合で混合した後、直方体状の圧粉成形体を作成し、該圧粉成形体を100mm×40mm×10mmのインゴット型に入れ、例えば、アルゴンの雰囲気ガスを封入した減圧下において、イリジウムの融点以上で溶解して得られたインゴットを約1300℃に加熱し、再結晶温度以上の高温中でハンマー式熱間鍛造機で鍛造し、10mm×10mm×L程度の棒材成形する。そして、多角形状の溝を有する一組の圧延ロールで熱間圧延を行い、角棒にした後、丸ダイスを用いて熱間伸線加工し、直径0.7mm×Lの線材を製造した。
【0012】
而して、当該熱間伸線加工において、図2に示す様に上述の如く周公知の高周波誘導加熱方式を用いるにその加熱コイル1に所定にセラミック管2を挿通し、更に該セラミック管2の内部に素材の線材3をガイド4を挿通して所定の線材を用い、ダイス5を介して製品を得るようにする。
【0013】
尚、当該図2において6は終了確認センサーである。
【0014】
而して、当該誘導加熱装置の加熱コイル1にセラミック管2を挿通したことにより、堅実近来技術に基づくバーナー等による炎のゆらぎがなく、加熱温度管理幅が広くは無い熱間伸線加工においても、図3に示すようにこの発明による加熱温度特性は加熱温度管理幅においても安定した加熱温度特性C2 が得られる。
【0015】
尚、当該図3の横軸、縦軸は、図4の態様と同様である。
【0016】
尚、上述操作においては、加工に際し、加工装置に予め入力されているプログラムをいれまして所定の作業を行うが、当該方式によれば、線径の異なる材料に対しても条件に従ってプログラムを入れて、何等調整を要すること無しに加工作業が出来るものである。
【0017】
このようにして熱間伸線加工の際に、この発明の高周波加熱方式による熱間加工を850〜950℃の温度で加工し、伸線時のクラック発生や酸化揮発による表面のハダ荒れや変色が無いことを確認出来た。
【0018】
又、素線評価方法の断面硬さのデータ(マイクロピッカース硬さ)を次の表1に示す。
【0019】
表 1
φ0.7×Lでの断面硬さ(HmV )
(但しAVはアベレージである。)
【0020】
当該表1によれば、炎のゆらぎが発生し易く、加工温度のバラツキが大きいバーナー加熱による硬さ値より安定している事が明確に分るものである。
【0021】
【発明の効果】
以上、この発明によれば、基本的に高融点難加工金属の伸線加工方法において、高融点材料としてイリジウム又は、イリジウム合金を原素材として用い、まず、第一ステージにおいて、該原素材を溶解してインゴットを成形し、次いで熱間鍛造を施し、その後熱間伸線加工を経て所定寸法の線材を得るようにする伸線加工方法を行うに、従来技術にあってはバーナーの炎による加熱のため加工工程において、該バーナーの炎によるゆらぎの故に加熱温度の不均一のため加工ワレが生じて低歩留りのものしか出来ず、又、作業員に加熱温度管理の高度な熟練を必要とされたものが、周公知の加熱手段として高周波誘導加熱方式を採ることにより、急速加熱が可能となり、加工コイル内にはセラミック管を挿入する等により狭い適性な加工加熱温度範囲が達成することが出来、従来の如く熟練を要さず、一般、作業員でもマニュアルに従って加熱加工が出来、加工ワレが極めて減少し、表面酸化(変色)も極めて少なく、高い歩留りが達成出来るという優れた効果が奏される。
【0022】
したがって、最終製品の歩留りも向上するという優れた効果が奏される。
【0023】
又、コスト的にもそれだけ安くつくことが成されるという効果が奏される。
【0024】
そして、実際の加工作業においては加工装置に予め入力されているプログラムを呼び出して作業するが、この方式によれば、組成や線径の異なる材料とも条件表に従い、プログラムを呼び出すだけで調整すること無しに加工作業が出来、何等熟練を要せず実用化が図れるという効果が奏される。
【0025】
そして、加工を必要とするに集中的に急速加工及び急速冷却することにより、周囲環境に影響されず、酸化が起こりずらく、適性温度での加工の為に、従来技術の再結晶温度迄、加工処理する容態化処理は必要無く、所定工程の短縮を図ることが出来る効果も奏される。
【0026】
組成比の違う材料の加熱条件もプログラムされた条件表により容易に導き出すことが出来るという優れた効果も奏される。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】この発明の加工作業の工程の概略説明図である。
【図2】高周波誘導加熱装置の加熱部の概略拡大略図である。
【図3】この発明による加熱温度特性の伸線長さと温度との関係の特性曲線のグラフ図である。
【図4】従来技術による伸線長さに対する温度特性のグラフ図である。
【符号の説明】
3 高融点材料
2 セラミック管[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The disclosed technology belongs to a technical field in which iridium is used as a base material as an electrode material such as a spark plug for an internal combustion engine such as an automobile, a hanging wire such as a crucible used for producing a single crystal, or a repair wire.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Recently, the rise of industry has been supported by the rapid advancement of science and technology, but in the above-mentioned wire rods etc., the products manufactured require high precision, etc., and the precision is in a wide temperature range. However, it is strongly required that the setting function is stable, and that the function is provided even for sufficient repeated use, and not only for the product of the wire, but also for the product manufacturing equipment, etc. It is strongly desired that the function is maintained.
[0003]
Thus, the wire used for the precision equipment must be made of metal that has excellent strength at high temperatures and is chemically stable. Iridium is widely known as a metal having selenium.
[0004]
Conventional wire drawing techniques for iridium or iridium alloys include, for example, a hot working method after treatment at a recrystallization temperature and a hot working method by burner heating disclosed in JP-A-7-268574. It was the target.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
On the other hand, in the wire drawing processing based on the conventional technology, since the processing must be performed in a heating state at a predetermined high temperature, in order to improve the processing efficiency due to the high temperature heating property at the time of processing, It is excellent in operability, and in addition, it was a general technique to use a burner as an inexpensive method, but in hot heating processing using the burner, it is not a process using uniform heating under appropriate conditions However, there is a disadvantage that so-called cracking may occur. However, since the heating temperature control range is narrow in such heat treatment, the heat treatment is performed under the air-conditioning wind due to the processing heat in the atmosphere. There is a defect that uniform heating cannot be performed due to the fluctuation of the flame. For example, as shown in the graph of FIG. 4 in which the horizontal axis indicates the length of the wire drawing and the vertical axis indicates the temperature, the conventional method using a burner or the like. The heating temperature characteristic C 1 thermal method is is found that the time to the heating temperature is not uniform.
[0006]
In order to perform uniform heating as much as possible by heat treatment in this way, there is a difficulty that it requires a high degree of skill, and it takes a long time to reach an appropriate temperature, and even if the appropriate temperature is reached, It is extremely difficult to maintain the appropriate temperature. Therefore, unless the worker engaged in the processing work is a so-called experienced worker who is proficient in the processing, there is a problem that high-level processing cannot be obtained. For example, in the hot working method after processing at the recrystallization temperature shown in the invention of JP-A-7-268574, the product yield is inevitably caused by oxidation and volatilization of iridium. There is also a disadvantage that it is low and results in a long time due to the low yield, resulting in high cost.
[0007]
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
The object of the present invention is to solve the problem of cracking that leads to a decrease in yield as a result of non-uniform heating caused by flame fluctuation caused by a burner or the like in the stage of hot wire drawing in the initial stage of the processing based on the above-described conventional technology. As a technical issue to be solved, a known high-frequency induction method capable of rapid heating as a heating source for the heat treatment used in the hot wire drawing stage is adopted as the heating source heating method, and the heating temperature is adjusted. The heating temperature characteristics of the dummy wire are measured and analyzed with a radiation thermometer in advance, and can be automated by programming in the control equipment. Excellent high-melting-point difficult-to-process materials that benefit the processing technology application field in the metal industry by making good hot heat processing easy and smooth. There is provided cents wire working method.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a high melting point material, iridium or an iridium alloy is first melted to form an ingot, then hot forging is performed, and then a wire having a predetermined size is obtained through hot wire drawing. It is a processing method, and technical means for adopting a high frequency induction heating method as a heating source at the time of the hot wire drawing processing is provided.
[0009]
[Action]
Thus, in the above-described configuration, using iridium as a difficult-to-process high melting point material or an iridium alloy equivalent thereto as a raw material, first, an ingot is obtained by melting in the first stage, and after hot forging, After that, when performing heat drawing, use a known high-frequency induction heating method as the heating source, and therefore there is no fluctuation of the flame of the heating source due to any burner etc., and a ceramic tube is inserted into the heating coil In order to prevent electrical insulation and the influence from the surrounding environment and oxidation prevention, according to the manual, the appropriate processing heating range can be processed extremely smoothly and easily, and the yield can be improved, even if it is not an experienced worker. The heating conditions can be easily derived from a programmed condition table.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Next, the embodiment to be implemented will be described with reference to the drawings with reference to the table as follows.
[0011]
As shown in FIG. 1, as an embodiment, iridium powder having a diameter of 10 μm and rhodium powder were mixed in a proportion of 90% by weight and 10% by weight, and then a cuboid compact was formed. Place in an ingot mold of 40 mm x 10 mm and, for example, heat the ingot obtained by melting above the melting point of iridium to about 1300 ° C under a reduced pressure filled with an argon atmosphere gas. And forging with a hammer-type hot forging machine to form a bar of about 10 mm × 10 mm × L. And after carrying out hot rolling with a set of rolling rolls which have a polygonal groove | channel and making it a square bar, it hot-drawn using a round die and manufactured the wire rod of diameter 0.7mmxL.
[0012]
Thus, in the hot wire drawing, as shown in FIG. 2, when using the known high frequency induction heating method as described above, the
[0013]
In FIG. 2, 6 is an end confirmation sensor.
[0014]
Thus, by inserting the
[0015]
The horizontal and vertical axes in FIG. 3 are the same as those in FIG.
[0016]
In the above-described operation, a predetermined program is performed by inserting a program inputted in advance into the machining apparatus during machining, but according to this method, a program is inserted according to conditions even for materials having different wire diameters. The machining can be performed without any adjustment.
[0017]
In this way, during hot wire drawing, hot working by the high-frequency heating method of this invention is processed at a temperature of 850 to 950 ° C., and surface roughening or discoloration due to generation of cracks or oxidation volatilization during wire drawing. It was confirmed that there was no.
[0018]
Moreover, the data of the cross-sectional hardness of the strand evaluation method (micro pickers hardness) are shown in the following Table 1.
[0019]
Table 1
Sectional hardness at φ0.7 × L (HmV)
(However AV is an average.)
[0020]
According to Table 1, it can be clearly seen that the fluctuation of the flame is likely to occur and the hardness value is more stable than the hardness value by the burner heating in which the variation in the processing temperature is large.
[0021]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, basically, in the method of drawing a high melting point difficult-to-work metal, iridium or an iridium alloy is used as a raw material as a high melting point material, and first, the raw material is dissolved in the first stage. The ingot is formed, and then hot forging is performed, followed by hot wire drawing to obtain a wire having a predetermined size. In the conventional technique, heating with a burner flame is performed. Therefore, in the machining process, the heating temperature is uneven due to fluctuations due to the flame of the burner, resulting in machining cracks and low yields, and the workers need to be highly skilled in heating temperature management. However, by adopting a high frequency induction heating method as a known heating means, rapid heating becomes possible, and a narrow and suitable processing heating temperature can be obtained by inserting a ceramic tube in the processing coil. The range can be achieved, and skill is not required as in the past, and general workers can also perform heat processing according to the manual, the processing cracks are greatly reduced, surface oxidation (discoloration) is extremely small, and high yield can be achieved. An excellent effect is achieved.
[0022]
Therefore, an excellent effect of improving the yield of the final product is achieved.
[0023]
In addition, there is an effect that the cost can be reduced accordingly.
[0024]
And in the actual machining work, work is done by calling a program that has been input in advance to the machining device. According to this method, materials with different compositions and wire diameters can be adjusted simply by calling the program according to the condition table. It is possible to perform processing without using it, and there is an effect that it can be put into practical use without requiring any skill.
[0025]
And by intensive rapid processing and rapid cooling that require processing, it is not affected by the surrounding environment, oxidation is unlikely to occur, and for processing at an appropriate temperature, up to the recrystallization temperature of the conventional technology, There is no need for a conditioning process for processing, and the effect of shortening the predetermined process is also achieved.
[0026]
There is also an excellent effect that the heating conditions for materials having different composition ratios can be easily derived from a programmed condition table.
[Brief description of the drawings]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory diagram of a process of processing work according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic enlarged schematic view of a heating unit of the high-frequency induction heating device.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing a characteristic curve of the relationship between the drawing length and temperature of the heating temperature characteristic according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph of temperature characteristics with respect to wire drawing length according to the prior art.
[Explanation of symbols]
3 High
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US7131191B2 (en) | 2003-04-15 | 2006-11-07 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Method for manufacturing noble metal electric discharge chips for spark plugs |
WO2012016072A2 (en) | 2010-07-29 | 2012-02-02 | Federal-Mogul Ignition Company | Electrode material for use with a spark plug |
US8471451B2 (en) | 2011-01-05 | 2013-06-25 | Federal-Mogul Ignition Company | Ruthenium-based electrode material for a spark plug |
WO2012102994A2 (en) | 2011-01-27 | 2012-08-02 | Federal-Mogul Ignition Company | Electrode material for a spark plug |
DE112012000947B4 (en) | 2011-02-22 | 2018-03-22 | Federal-Mogul Ignition Company | Method for producing an electrode material for a spark plug |
WO2013003325A2 (en) | 2011-06-28 | 2013-01-03 | Federal-Mogul Ignition Company | Electrode material for a spark plug |
US10044172B2 (en) | 2012-04-27 | 2018-08-07 | Federal-Mogul Ignition Company | Electrode for spark plug comprising ruthenium-based material |
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JP2017113800A (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2017-06-29 | 株式会社徳力本店 | MANUFACTURING METHOD OF Ir ALLOY WIRE, AND Ir ALLOY WIRE |
CN108246819A (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2018-07-06 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of refractory metal silk preparation facilities |
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JPH07268574A (en) * | 1994-03-25 | 1995-10-17 | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Kk | Production of iridium wire |
JPH0871633A (en) * | 1994-09-07 | 1996-03-19 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | Dieless drawing device |
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JPS5197567A (en) * | 1975-02-26 | 1976-08-27 | Onkanhikinukihoho oyobi sochi | |
JPS61259826A (en) * | 1985-05-13 | 1986-11-18 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Hot pipe making method |
JPH07268574A (en) * | 1994-03-25 | 1995-10-17 | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Kk | Production of iridium wire |
JPH0871633A (en) * | 1994-09-07 | 1996-03-19 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | Dieless drawing device |
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