JP4639368B2 - Process for producing optically active β-hydroxycarbonyl compound - Google Patents
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この発明は、水溶媒中での光学活性なβ−ヒドロキシカルボニル化合物の製法に関する。 The present invention relates to a process for producing an optically active β-hydroxycarbonyl compound in an aqueous solvent.
ホルムアルデヒド水溶液を用いるシリルエノールエーテルとのヒドロキシメチル化反応は、スカンジウムトリフラート又はビスマストリフラートとキラルビピリジン錯体とを混合した触媒によって円滑に進行することが報告されている(非特許文献1、2)。また、水系溶媒での不斉アルドール反応として芳香族アルデヒドを用いた例が報告されている(非特許文献3、4)。 It has been reported that the hydroxymethylation reaction with silyl enol ether using an aqueous formaldehyde solution proceeds smoothly by a catalyst in which scandium triflate or bismuth triflate and a chiral bipyridine complex are mixed (Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2). In addition, examples using an aromatic aldehyde as an asymmetric aldol reaction in an aqueous solvent have been reported (Non-Patent Documents 3 and 4).
しかしながら、水系溶媒中でホルムアルデヒド以外の水溶性アルデヒドを用いたアルドール反応の成功例は未だにない。また、ケイ素エノラートを用いるアルドール反応に於いてホルムアルデヒド以外のアルデヒドを用いた場合、カルボニル基のβ−位に不斉炭素が生じるため、ケイ素エノラートの構造によりα−位にも不斉炭素が生じる系では、生成物はジアステレオマー混合物となる。このようなことから、本発明は、水系溶媒中でホルムアルデヒドを除く水溶性アルデヒドを用いた不斉アルドール反応を行い、高収率、高ジアステレオ選択的かつ高エナンチオ選択的に光学活性なβ−ヒドロキシカルボニル化合物を製造する方法の提供を目的とする。 However, there has been no successful aldol reaction using a water-soluble aldehyde other than formaldehyde in an aqueous solvent. In addition, when an aldehyde other than formaldehyde is used in an aldol reaction using silicon enolate, an asymmetric carbon is generated at the β-position of the carbonyl group. The product then becomes a diastereomeric mixture. For this reason, the present invention performs an asymmetric aldol reaction using a water-soluble aldehyde excluding formaldehyde in an aqueous solvent, and has a high yield, high diastereoselective and high enantioselective optically active β- The object is to provide a method for producing a hydroxycarbonyl compound.
即ち、本発明の光学活性なβ−ヒドロキシカルボニル化合物の製法は、水溶液中で、キラルなビピリジン化合物からなる配位子と、ScY3又はBiY3で表されるルイス酸(式中、Yは炭素数が1〜3のパーフルオロアルカンスルホネートを表す)とを混合させて得られる触媒の存在下で、下式(式1)
That is, the optically active β-hydroxycarbonyl compound of the present invention is prepared by a ligand consisting of a chiral bipyridine compound and a Lewis acid represented by ScY 3 or BiY 3 in an aqueous solution (wherein Y is carbon In the presence of a catalyst obtained by mixing a perfluoroalkanesulfonate having a number of 1 to 3) (formula 1)
前記キラルなビピリジン化合物からなる配位子は、下式(化2)
前記ルイス酸がSc(OSO2CF3)3又はBi(OSO2CF3)3で表されることが好ましい。
The ligand comprising the chiral bipyridine compound has the following formula (Chemical Formula 2)
The Lewis acid is preferably represented by Sc (OSO 2 CF 3 ) 3 or Bi (OSO 2 CF 3 ) 3 .
この発明によれば、水系溶媒中でホルムアルデヒドを除く水溶性アルデヒドを用いた不斉アルドール反応を行い、高収率、高ジアステレオ選択的かつ高エナンチオ選択的に光学活性なβ−ヒドロキシカルボニル化合物を得ることができる。 According to this invention, an asymmetric aldol reaction using a water-soluble aldehyde excluding formaldehyde is carried out in an aqueous solvent, and a high yield, high diastereoselective and high enantioselective optically active β-hydroxycarbonyl compound is obtained. Obtainable.
本発明で用いる触媒は、キラルなビピリジン化合物からなる配位子と、ScY3又はBiY3で表されるルイス酸(式中、Yは炭素数が1〜3のパーフルオロアルカンスルホネートを表す)とを混合させて得られる。 The catalyst used in the present invention includes a ligand composed of a chiral bipyridine compound, a Lewis acid represented by ScY 3 or BiY 3 (wherein Y represents a perfluoroalkanesulfonate having 1 to 3 carbon atoms), Is obtained by mixing.
ビピリジン化合物からなる配位子又はその対称体は、水酸基の結合した2つの不斉炭素を有し、Sc塩又はBi塩の水中での触媒活性を調整するキラルな配位子となる。ビピリジン化合物はSc塩又はBi塩への配位能が適切であるため、ルイス酸性を低減させず、又、Sc又はBiと配位子からなる錯体からカチオンを放出させることも少なく、触媒の立体選択性が保たれる。
特に、下式(化2)
In particular, the following formula
Yとしては、例えばハロゲン原子、OAc、OCOCF3、ClO4、SbF6、PF6又はOSO2CF3(適宜「OTf」:トリフラートと記す)を用いることができる。Yはハロゲン原子、OAc、OCOCF3、ClO4、SbF6、PF6又はOSO2CF3(OTf)を表す。中でもTOfが効果的である。 As Y, for example, a halogen atom, OAc, OCOCF 3 , ClO 4 , SbF 6 , PF 6 or OSO 2 CF 3 (referred to as “OTf”: triflate as appropriate) can be used. Y represents a halogen atom, OAc, OCOCF 3 , ClO 4 , SbF 6 , PF 6 or OSO 2 CF 3 (OTf). Of these, TOf is effective.
ビピリジン化合物からなる配位子とScY3又はBiY3とを水溶媒中で混合すると、Sc塩又はBi塩が配位子に配位し、触媒を形成する。
上記配位子とScY3又はBiY3の各濃度は0.01〜0.1mol/l程度が好ましい。又、ScY3とBiY3を混合して使用してもよい。
When a ligand composed of a bipyridine compound and ScY 3 or BiY 3 are mixed in an aqueous solvent, the Sc salt or Bi salt coordinates to the ligand to form a catalyst.
Each concentration of the ligand and ScY 3 or BiY 3 is preferably about 0.01 to 0.1 mol / l. Further, ScY 3 and BiY 3 may be mixed and used.
本発明においては、この触媒を下記の水溶性アルデヒドとケイ素エノラートとの不斉アルドール反応(式IA、IB)に用いる。
式IA、IB中、R2〜R5は上記式1で用いたのと同一である。R1は、親水性の置換基又はアルデヒド基と結合して水溶性アルデヒドを形成する置換基である。具体的な置換基としては、メチル基、クロロメチル基、メトキシカルボニル基、エトキシカルボニル基、イソプロピルオキシカルボニル基、ビニル基、2−ヒドロキシエチル基等を挙げることができる。さらにR1としては、水酸基やアミノ基などの親水性基が1つ以上結合したアルキル基を挙げることができる。 In formulas IA and IB, R 2 to R 5 are the same as those used in formula 1 above. R 1 is a substituent that forms a water-soluble aldehyde by bonding with a hydrophilic substituent or an aldehyde group. Specific examples of the substituent include a methyl group, a chloromethyl group, a methoxycarbonyl group, an ethoxycarbonyl group, an isopropyloxycarbonyl group, a vinyl group, and a 2-hydroxyethyl group. Furthermore, examples of R 1 include an alkyl group in which one or more hydrophilic groups such as a hydroxyl group and an amino group are bonded.
ホルムアルデヒドを用いた場合は、生成物であるβ−ヒドロキシカルボニル化合物のβ−炭素は不斉を持たない。一方、式IA、IBからわかるように、ホルムアルデヒド以外の水溶性アルデヒド(式IA、IBの最左の化合物)を用いた場合、β−位に不斉炭素が生成されるため、エナンチオ選択性と共に、ジアステレオ選択性が重要になる。つまり、反応に用いるケイ素エノラート(式A)のR2とR3が異なる置換基であることから生じるα−位の不斉炭素と前記β−位の不斉炭素とにより、式IA、IBから明らかなように、生成物としてジアステレオ異性体が得られる。
なお、本発明に於いて水溶性アルデヒドとは、25℃における水に対する溶解度が5以上のアルデヒドをいう。
このようなことから、本発明では上記触媒を用いることにより、高いエナンチオ選択性と共に、高いジアステレオ選択性かつ高エナンチオ選択性でβ−ヒドロキシカルボニル化合物を得ることができる。
When formaldehyde is used, the β-carbon of the product β-hydroxycarbonyl compound has no asymmetry. On the other hand, as can be seen from formulas IA and IB, when a water-soluble aldehyde other than formaldehyde (the leftmost compound of formulas IA and IB) is used, an asymmetric carbon is generated at the β-position, and therefore, with enantioselectivity. , Diastereoselectivity becomes important. That is, from the formulas IA and IB, the α-position asymmetric carbon and the β-position asymmetric carbon generated from the fact that R 2 and R 3 of the silicon enolate (formula A) used in the reaction are different substituents. As is apparent, diastereoisomers are obtained as products.
In the present invention, the water-soluble aldehyde refers to an aldehyde having a solubility in water at 25 ° C. of 5 or more.
For this reason, in the present invention, by using the above catalyst, a β-hydroxycarbonyl compound can be obtained with high enantioselectivity, high diastereoselectivity and high enantioselectivity.
溶媒の使用量は、適宜に考慮されるものであるが、通常は、原料物質並びに触媒の溶解に必要とされる量として、たとえばこれらの2〜50重量倍の割合での使用が考慮される。溶媒には水を使用するが、補助溶媒として、水と混和する有機溶媒を添加しても良く、その場合、使用される有機溶媒の量は水に対して0.5〜10倍(v/v)程度が好ましい。 The amount of the solvent used is appropriately taken into consideration, but usually, as the amount required for dissolving the raw material and the catalyst, for example, use in a ratio of 2 to 50 times the weight thereof is considered. . Although water is used as a solvent, an organic solvent miscible with water may be added as an auxiliary solvent. In this case, the amount of the organic solvent used is 0.5 to 10 times that of water (v / v) degree is preferred.
反応液中の水溶性アルデヒド/ケイ素エノラートのモル比は好ましくは0.1〜20、より好ましくは0.2〜5程度である。また触媒は、ケイ素エノラートに対するモル%として1〜50モル%、より好ましくは5〜20モル%使用する。
反応温度は−30℃〜常温、より好適には−15〜0℃の範囲である。
反応時間は、適宜定めてもよく、例えば、0.5〜50時間である。
本反応系に2,6−ジ−tert-ブチルピリジンなどのピリジン化合物の添加剤が有効な場合がある。その場合のピリジン化合物の量はケイ素エノラートに対するモル比で、0.1〜10、好ましくは0.5〜3である。(実施例1参照)
The water-soluble aldehyde / silicon enolate molar ratio in the reaction solution is preferably about 0.1 to 20, more preferably about 0.2 to 5. The catalyst is used in an amount of 1 to 50 mol%, more preferably 5 to 20 mol%, as mol% with respect to the silicon enolate.
The reaction temperature is in the range of −30 ° C. to room temperature, more preferably −15 to 0 ° C.
The reaction time may be appropriately determined and is, for example, 0.5 to 50 hours.
In this reaction system, an additive of a pyridine compound such as 2,6-di-tert-butylpyridine may be effective. In this case, the amount of the pyridine compound is 0.1 to 10, preferably 0.5 to 3, in terms of a molar ratio with respect to the silicon enolate. (See Example 1)
この反応により、光学活性なβ−ヒドロキシカルボニル化合物が生成する。 By this reaction, an optically active β-hydroxycarbonyl compound is produced.
以下、実施例にて本発明を例証するが本発明を限定することを意図するものではない。 The following examples illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the invention.
<実施例1>
スカンジウムトリフラート(Sc(OTf)3, 19.7 mg , 0.0400 mmol) のジメトキシエタン(DME、420μL)溶液に配位子1(15.7 mg , 0.0480 mmol) を添加し、室温下、30分撹拌した。反応容器を0 ℃に冷却し、10分間撹拌した後、2,6-ジ-tert-ブチルピリジン(270μL , 1.20 mmol) を加えた。さらに10分間撹拌した後、クロロアセトアルデヒド水溶液(63.5μL, 0.40 mmol)、および(Z)- (1-フェニルプロプ-1-エニルオキシ)トリメチルシランを加え、0 ℃で40時間撹拌した。水を加えて反応を停止し、ジクロロメタンで抽出した後に、有機相に無水酢酸(113.2 μL、1.20 mmol) 、ピリジン(155μL, 2.00 mmol),4-ジメチルアミノピリジン(5mg)を加え、0 ℃で1時間撹拌した。水を加えて反応を停止し、ジクロロメタンで抽出した後、有機相を無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥した。乾燥剤を濾別後、減圧濃縮して得られた粗生成物を分取用薄層クロマトグラフィーで精製し、1-クロロ-3-メチル-4-オキソ-4-フェニルブタン-2-イル アセテートを74.4 mg(0.292 mmol, 収率73%)で得た。この生成物のジアスレレオマー比:Syn/anti = 88/12、光学収率:90 % ee (syn)、収率:60 % ee (anti)であった。
反応式は下記II式となった。又、生成物の物性値は以下の通りであった。
1H−NMR(CDCl3)(syn) δ=1.21 (d, 2.7 H, J = 7.4 Hz), 1.25 (d, 0.3 H, J = 6.8 Hz), 1.94 (s, 2.7 H), 1.96 (s, 0.3 H), 3.71-3.80 (m, 1H), 3.93-3.97 (m, 1H), 4.05-4.13 (m, 1H), 5.38-5.42 (m, 0.9 H), 5.45-5.50 (m, 0.1H), 7.43-7.71 (m, 3H), 7.91-8.02 (m, 2H).
<Example 1>
Ligand 1 (15.7 mg, 0.0480 mmol) was added to a solution of scandium triflate (Sc (OTf) 3 , 19.7 mg, 0.0400 mmol) in dimethoxyethane (DME, 420 μL), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. The reaction vessel was cooled to 0 ° C. and stirred for 10 minutes, and 2,6-di-tert-butylpyridine (270 μL, 1.20 mmol) was added. After further stirring for 10 minutes, an aqueous chloroacetaldehyde solution (63.5 μL, 0.40 mmol) and (Z)-(1-phenylprop-1-enyloxy) trimethylsilane were added, and the mixture was stirred at 0 ° C. for 40 hours. After adding water to stop the reaction and extracting with dichloromethane, acetic anhydride (113.2 μL, 1.20 mmol), pyridine (155 μL, 2.00 mmol), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (5 mg) were added to the organic phase at 0 ° C. Stir for 1 hour. Water was added to stop the reaction, extraction with dichloromethane was performed, and the organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. After filtering off the desiccant, the crude product obtained by concentration under reduced pressure was purified by preparative thin-layer chromatography to obtain 1-chloro-3-methyl-4-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl acetate. Was obtained in 74.4 mg (0.292 mmol, yield 73%). The diastereomer ratio of this product was Syn / anti = 88/12, the optical yield was 90% ee (syn), and the yield was 60% ee (anti).
The reaction formula became the following formula II. The physical properties of the product were as follows.
1 H-NMR (CDCl 3 ) (syn) δ = 1.21 (d, 2.7 H, J = 7.4 Hz), 1.25 (d, 0.3 H, J = 6.8 Hz), 1.94 (s, 2.7 H), 1.96 (s , 0.3 H), 3.71-3.80 (m, 1H), 3.93-3.97 (m, 1H), 4.05-4.13 (m, 1H), 5.38-5.42 (m, 0.9 H), 5.45-5.50 (m, 0.1H ), 7.43-7.71 (m, 3H), 7.91-8.02 (m, 2H).
<実施例2>
ビスマストリフラート(Bi(OTf)3, 7.9 mg、0.0012 mmol)のDME溶液(420μL)に上記実施例1の配位子1(11.8 mg、0.0360 mmol)を添加し、室温で30分間撹拌した後、0 ℃まで冷却した。10分間撹拌後、水(47μL)、アセトアルデヒド(22.4μL, 0.04 mmol)、(Z)- (1-フェニルプロプ-1-エニルオキシ)トリメチルシラン(142 mg.0.6 mmol)を順次添加した。23時間後、水を加えて反応を終止し、ジクロロメタンで抽出、有機相を無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥した。乾燥剤を濾別後、減圧濃縮して得られた粗生成物を分取用薄層クロマトグラフィーで精製し、3-ヒドロキシ-2-メチル-1-フェニルブタン-1-オンを47.0 mg得た(0.263 mmol, 収率66%, ジアステレオマー比:syn/anti = 98/2、光学収率:90% ee(syn))。反応式を式IIIに表す。
又、生成物の物性値は以下の通りであった。
1H−NMR(CDCl3)(syn) δ= 1.228 (d, 1.5 H, J = 7.3 Hz), 1.231 (d, 1.5 H, J = 6.4 Hz), (1.5 H, J = 7.3 Hz), 1.27 (1.5 H, J = 7.3 Hz), 1.27 (1.5 H, J = 6.4 Hz), 3.40-3.50 (m, 1H), 4.11 (apparent quint, 0.5 H, J = 6.4 Hz), 4.25 (qd, 0.5 H, 3.2 Hz, 6.4 Hz), 7.46-7.51 (m, 2H), 7.58-7.59 (m 1H), 7.94-7.98 (m, 2H).
表1に示す種々のアルデヒド又はケイ素エノラートに対して、スカンジウムトリフラート又はビスマストリフラートをルイス酸として用い、実施例2と同様にして反応を実施した(式IV)。得られた生成物の収率(%Yield)、エナンチオ選択性(%ee)、ジアステレオ選択性(syn/antiの比)は表1のとおりである。
Ligand 1 (11.8 mg, 0.0360 mmol) of Example 1 above was added to a DME solution (420 μL) of bismuth triflate (Bi (OTf) 3 , 7.9 mg, 0.0012 mmol) and stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. Cooled to 0 ° C. After stirring for 10 minutes, water (47 μL), acetaldehyde (22.4 μL, 0.04 mmol), (Z)-(1-phenylprop-1-enyloxy) trimethylsilane (142 mg. 0.6 mmol) were sequentially added. After 23 hours, water was added to terminate the reaction, extraction was performed with dichloromethane, and the organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The crude product obtained by filtering off the desiccant and concentrating under reduced pressure was purified by preparative thin-layer chromatography to obtain 47.0 mg of 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylbutan-1-one. (0.263 mmol, yield 66%, diastereomer ratio: syn / anti = 98/2, optical yield: 90% ee (syn)). The reaction formula is shown in Formula III.
The physical properties of the product were as follows.
1 H-NMR (CDCl 3 ) (syn) δ = 1.228 (d, 1.5 H, J = 7.3 Hz), 1.231 (d, 1.5 H, J = 6.4 Hz), (1.5 H, J = 7.3 Hz), 1.27 (1.5 H, J = 7.3 Hz), 1.27 (1.5 H, J = 6.4 Hz), 3.40-3.50 (m, 1H), 4.11 (apparent quint, 0.5 H, J = 6.4 Hz), 4.25 (qd, 0.5 H , 3.2 Hz, 6.4 Hz), 7.46-7.51 (m, 2H), 7.58-7.59 (m 1H), 7.94-7.98 (m, 2H).
The various aldehydes or silicon enolates shown in Table 1 were reacted in the same manner as in Example 2 using scandium triflate or bismuth triflate as the Lewis acid (formula IV). The yield (% Yield), enantioselectivity (% ee), and diastereoselectivity (syn / anti ratio) of the obtained product are shown in Table 1.
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