JP4632465B2 - Lubricating oil composition - Google Patents

Lubricating oil composition Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4632465B2
JP4632465B2 JP10409098A JP10409098A JP4632465B2 JP 4632465 B2 JP4632465 B2 JP 4632465B2 JP 10409098 A JP10409098 A JP 10409098A JP 10409098 A JP10409098 A JP 10409098A JP 4632465 B2 JP4632465 B2 JP 4632465B2
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Prior art keywords
chain hydrocarbon
group
lubricating oil
oil composition
metal salt
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JP10409098A
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JPH1143684A (en
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滋子 田口
恵 小野
広隆 富沢
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Tonen General Sekiyu KK
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Tonen General Sekiyu KK
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Priority to JP10409098A priority Critical patent/JP4632465B2/en
Priority to CA002235449A priority patent/CA2235449A1/en
Priority to EP98304250A priority patent/EP0881276A3/en
Publication of JPH1143684A publication Critical patent/JPH1143684A/en
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Publication of JP4632465B2 publication Critical patent/JP4632465B2/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
    • C10M159/12—Reaction products
    • C10M159/20—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products
    • C10M159/24—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products containing sulfonic radicals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/04—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M129/10—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/26—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
    • C10M129/28—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M129/30—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 7 or less carbon atoms
    • C10M129/36—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 7 or less carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups
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    • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/26—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
    • C10M129/28—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M129/38—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 8 or more carbon atoms
    • C10M129/44—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 8 or more carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups
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    • C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
    • C10M135/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium containing a sulfur-to-oxygen bond
    • C10M135/10—Sulfonic acids or derivatives thereof
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    • C10M135/20—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides
    • C10M135/28—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides containing sulfur atoms bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C10M135/30—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides containing sulfur atoms bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof
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    • C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
    • C10M137/12—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having a phosphorus-to-carbon bond
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    • C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
    • C10M159/12—Reaction products
    • C10M159/20—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products
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    • C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
    • C10M159/12—Reaction products
    • C10M159/20—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products
    • C10M159/22—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products containing phenol radicals
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/027—Neutral salts thereof
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/14—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/14—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/146—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membeered aromatic rings having a hydrocarbon substituent of thirty or more carbon atoms
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    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/287—Partial esters
    • C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
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    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
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    • C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
    • C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
    • C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2219/087—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfurised phenols
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    • C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
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Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、潤滑油組成物に関するものであり、さらに詳しくは、摩擦特性改善効果の高い新規な鎖状炭化水素基置換芳香族構造を有する有機酸金属塩を配合してなる潤滑油組成物に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
機械装置、設備、機器等の運動部分の摺動面に生ずる摩擦・摩耗の低減については潤滑の基本的な課題であり、従来から限りのない技術開発が続けられている。近年、特に、省資源、省エネルギーの観点から潤滑分野において摩擦・摩耗の低減化に関する潤滑技術の一層の向上が要求され、潤滑油品質を改良することによる低摩擦、低摩耗達成への取組みが多観点から検討されている。このような技術開発を背景に摩擦特性の優れた潤滑油の製造にとって潤滑油基油に添加剤を加えて所望の摩擦特性に調整することが不可欠な手段となっている。従って、多数の各種摩擦調整剤が提案され、自動変速機油、湿式ブレーキ油、摺動面油、塑性加工油等には油性剤タイプの脂肪酸、脂肪酸金属塩、アルコール、エステル、アミン等および極圧剤タイプのリン酸エステル、亜リン酸エステル、ジチオリン酸亜鉛等が用いられ、また、エンジン油、ギヤ油、切削油等には極圧剤タイプとして、リン酸エステル、亜リン酸エステル、酸性亜リン酸エステルアミン塩、ジチオリン酸モリブデンおよびジチオカルバミン酸モリブデン等が用いられている。
さらに、摩擦特性の改善を目的としてマグネシウムスルホネート、特に、塩基価が３００以上の過塩基性マグネシウムスルホネートを配合した自動変速機油が提案され（特開昭６２−８４１９０号公報参照。）、また、金属系清浄剤として使用されてきたカルシウムサリシレートを自動変速機油の摩擦係数調整剤として用いることも提案されている（特開平５−１６３４９６号公報参照。）。
【０００３】
しかしながら、このような従来提案されている摩擦調整剤は有機系、金属系共に摩擦低減効果が十分でなく、特に、マグネシウムスルホネート、カルシウムサリシレート等は、ある程度の摩擦低減効果を与えるものの、潤滑油の基油の種類および使用条件によってその効果が大巾に変動するなど、いずれも安定した摩擦特性改善効果を確保する点においては不十分であり、他の摩擦調整剤と併用してその効果を発揮する摩擦低減補助剤としての作用効果を奏するにすぎなかった。従って、安定的持続可能な摩擦低減作用を有する有機酸金属塩が実現するならば、その利用領域が広範囲に拡大し工業的価値が著しく向上するためその開発が切望されてきた。
【０００４】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、前記のような潤滑分野の摩擦低減技術に関する技術開発および従来の摩擦調整剤の開発事情に鑑み、摩擦特性改善能力を有する新規な有機酸金属塩を含有する潤滑油組成物を提供することを課題とするものである。
【０００５】
【課題を解決するための手段】
そこで、本発明者らは、前記の課題を解決すべく鋭意検討を重ねた結果、有機酸金属塩が特定の鎖状炭化水素基置換芳香族構造を有することが重要であり、鎖状炭化水素基を有する芳香族有機酸金属塩であって、芳香族基の鎖状炭化水素基における結合位置が特定された有機酸金属塩が摩擦特性改善効果に著しく優れることを見いだし、これらの知見に基いて本発明の完成に到達した。
【０００６】
すなわち、本発明は、
潤滑油基油に、
鎖状炭化水素基置換芳香族有機酸金属塩混合物（ただし、過塩基性アルキルオキシベンゼンスルホネートを除く。）であって、該芳香族基はフェニル基であり、該フェニル基は少なくとも１個以上の鎖状炭化水素基で置換され、鎖状炭化水素基総数のうち、２位炭素にフェニル基が結合している鎖状炭化水素基の数が１４％〜２８％であり、かつ、２位炭素または３位炭素にフェニル基が結合している鎖状炭化水素基の数が３７％〜５３％の範囲にある有機酸金属塩を潤滑油組成物全重量基準で０．０１重量％〜１０重量％配合してなることを特徴とする摩擦特性が改善された潤滑油組成物
に関するものである。
【０００７】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明について詳細に説明する。
本発明の潤滑油組成物の構成成分として用いられる潤滑油基油としては、特に限定されるものではなく、従来、潤滑油の基油として使用されているもの、例えば、鉱油系基油、合成系基油または植物油系基油のいずれか、または、これらの混合系基油を挙げることができる。
【０００８】
鉱油系基油としては、例えば、パラフィン系、中間基系またはナフテン系原油の常圧蒸溜残渣の減圧蒸溜により得られる潤滑油留分を溶剤精製、水素化分解、水素化処理、水素化精製、接触脱蝋、溶剤脱蝋、白土処理等の各種精製工程により処理して得られる鉱油、減圧蒸溜残渣を溶剤脱瀝に供したのち、脱瀝油を上記の精製工程により処理して得られる鉱油、または、ワックス分の異性化により得られる鉱油等またはこれらの混合油を用いることができる。前記の溶剤精製においては、フェノール、フルフラール、Ｎ−メチル−ピロリドン等の芳香族抽出溶剤が用いられ、また、溶剤脱蝋の溶剤としては、液化プロパン、ＭＥＫ／トルエン等が用いられる。また、接触脱蝋においては形状選択性ゼオライトを用いることができる。
【０００９】
一方、合成系基油としては、例えば、ポリα−オレフィンオリゴマー、ポリブテン、アルキルベンゼン、トリメチロールプロパンエステル、ペンタエリスリトールエステル等のポリオールエステル、ポリオキシアルキレングリコール、ポリオキシアルキレングリコールエステル、ポリオキシアルキレングリコールエーテル、二塩基酸エステル、リン酸エステルおよびシリコーン油等を挙げることができる。
また、植物油系基油としては、ひまし油、なたね油、パーム油、ヤシ油、オリーブ油、ひまわり油等を用いることができる。
【００１０】
上記のような各種潤滑油基油は、潤滑油組成物の用途に応じて所望の粘度その他の性状を有するように適宜混合して用いることができる。例えば、内燃機関用潤滑油としては、１００℃における動粘度が２ｍｍ2 ／ｓ〜３０ｍｍ2 ／ｓ、特に、３ｍｍ2 ／ｓ〜１０ｍｍ2 ／ｓの範囲に、また、自動変速機油としては、１００℃における動粘度を２ｍｍ2 ／ｓ〜３０ｍｍ2 ／ｓ、特に、３ｍｍ2 ／ｓ〜１５ｍｍ2 ／ｓの範囲に調整することが好ましい。
【００１１】
本発明の潤滑油組成物に配合される有機酸金属塩は鎖状炭化水素基置換芳香族構造を有する有機酸部分と金属成分部分とからなるものであり、具体的には、金属スルホネート、金属フェネート、金属硫化フェネート、金属サリシレート、金属硫化サリシレート、金属ホスホネート等を挙げることができる。
【００１２】
本発明の有機酸金属塩の金属成分はアルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属であり、また、原子番号１２〜５６の金属を挙げることができる。具体的には、ナトリウム、カリウム、リチウム、カルシウム、マグネシウム、バリウム等を挙げることができ、また、アルミニウム、亜鉛、スズ、クロム、銅およびコバルト等も用いることができるが、特に、カルシウム、マグネシウム、バリウム等が好ましい。
従って、本発明の有機酸金属塩としては、カルシウム、マグネシウムおよびバリウム等のアルカリ土類金属のスルホネート、フェネート、サリシレート等が好適である。
【００１３】
本発明の有機酸金属塩の鎖状炭化水素基置換芳香族構造は、芳香族基に鎖状炭化水素基が置換してなるものである。芳香族基としては、単環または多環縮合環のいずれでもよく、例えば、次の式（ａ）〜（ｇ）で表されるものが有効であるが、特に（ａ）のフェニル基、（ｄ）のナフチル基等が好ましい。
【００１４】
【化１】

Figure 0004632465
【００１５】
また、鎖状炭化水素基置換芳香族構造の鎖状炭化水素基は特に限定されるものではないが、炭素数４〜３２のアルキル基、アルケニル基等が好ましい。具体的にはブチル基、ペンチル基、ヘキシル基、オクチル基、ノニル基、デシル基、ウンデシル基、ドデシル基、トリデシル基、テトラデシル基、ペンタデシル基、ヘキサデシル基、ヘプタデシル基、オタデシル基、ノナデシル基、エイコシル基、テトラコシル基、ペンタコシル基、ヘキサコシル基、ヘプタコシル基、オクタコシル基、ノナコシル基およびトリアコンチル基等のアルキル基およびこれらに対応するアルケニル基を挙げることができる。さらに、アルキル基およびアルケニル基がアリール、エステル、ケトン、エーテル、アミン、アミド、イミド等の基を有するものでもよい。
【００１６】
本発明の有機酸金属塩の鎖状炭化水素基置換芳香族構造としては、具体的には、アルキルベンゼン、アルケニルベンゼン、アルキルナフタレン、アルケニルナフタレン、アルキルアントラセン、アルケニルアントラセン等を挙げることができるが、本発明の有機酸金属塩においては、アルキルベンゼン、アルケニルベンゼン、アルキルナフタレンおよびアルケニルナフタレン等が特に好適である。鎖状炭化水素基置換芳香族構造、例えば、アルキルベンゼンのアルキル基置換数は１〜４であり、アルキル基置換数１のものを２５％以上含有する鎖状炭化水素基置換芳香族構造が特に好ましい。
【００１７】
本発明の有機酸金属塩の鎖状炭化水素基置換芳香族構造において、該鎖状炭化水素基は、その２位、３位、４位およびその他の炭素に芳香族基が結合したものでもよいが、本発明者らの検討によれば、２位炭素に芳香族基が結合している鎖状炭化水素基の数と３位炭素に芳香族基が結合している数の合計が鎖状炭化水素基総数の３０％〜９０％、特に、３５％〜７０％の範囲にあるものが摩擦低減効果に著しく優れていることが明らかになった。２位炭素または３位炭素に芳香族基が結合している鎖状炭化水素基の数が３０％に達しないと摩擦係数低減効果が十分得られず、一方、９０％を超えても増量に応じた摩擦係数低減効果は得られない。
【００１８】
さらに、２位炭素に芳香族基が結合している鎖状炭化水素基の数が鎖状炭化水素基総数の１０％以上であれば、摩擦係数改善効果が一層向上し、２位炭素に芳香族基が結合している鎖状炭化水素基の数と３位炭素に結合している鎖状炭化水素基の数の比が１０：９０〜９０：１０、特に、３０：７０〜７０：３０の範囲にある鎖状炭化水素基置換芳香族構造によりさらに高度の摩擦低減効果が得られ、これに加えてゴム適合性改良効果も改善される。
本発明の潤滑油基油に配合される有機酸金属塩の代表的な化合物を以下に例示する。
【００１９】
【化２】
Figure 0004632465
上記一般式［Ｉ］は金属スルホネートを例示するものであり、式中、ＡおよびＢは、鎖状炭化水素基置換芳香族構造であり、各々、互いに同一でもまたは異なるものでもよく、Ｍはアルカリ土類金属である。鎖状炭化水素基置換芳香族構造は少なくとも１個以上の鎖状炭化水素基が芳香族基に置換したものであり、２位炭素または３位炭素に芳香族基が結合している鎖状炭化水素基の数の合計が鎖状炭化水素基総数の３０％〜９０％である。芳香族基は単環および二環のものが好ましく、このような芳香族基としてフェニル基またはナフチル基を挙げることができる。鎖状炭化水素基は炭素数４〜３２、好ましくは１２〜３０の直鎖状アルキル基である。
【００２０】
【化３】
Figure 0004632465
【００２１】
【化４】
Figure 0004632465
【００２２】
【化５】
Figure 0004632465
【００２３】
【化６】
Figure 0004632465
上記一般式［ＩＩ］〜［Ｖ］は、金属サリシレートおよび金属硫化サリシレートを例示するものであり、
各式中、
【００２４】
【化７】
Figure 0004632465
が鎖状炭化水素基置換芳香族構造であり、上記一般式［ＩＩ］〜［Ｖ］中のＲ1 〜Ｒ4 は、炭素数４〜３２のアルキル基であり、各式において、各々、互いに同一または異なるものでもよい。好ましいアルキル基は炭素数１２〜３０のものである。Ｍはアルカリ土類金属であり、ｎは芳香族基に置換しているアルキル基の数を示す。また、一般式［ＩＶ］および［Ｖ］において、ｘは１〜５の数である。
これらの鎖状炭化水素基置換芳香族構造は、２位炭素または３位炭素に芳香族基が結合している鎖状炭化水素基の数の合計が鎖状炭化水素基総数の３０％〜９０％である。
【００２５】
【化８】
Figure 0004632465
【００２６】
【化９】
Figure 0004632465
上記一般式［ＶＩ］および［ＶＩＩ］は、鎖状炭化水素基置換芳香族構造を有する金属フェネート、金属硫化フェネートを例示するものである。各一般式において鎖状炭化水素基置換芳香族構造は、
【００２７】
【化１０】
Figure 0004632465
であり、一般式［ＶＩ］および［ＶＩＩ］においてＲ5 およびＲ6 は、炭素数４〜３２のアルキル基であり、各々、互いに同一または異なるものでもよい。好ましいアルキル基は炭素数１２〜３０のものである。Ｍはアルカリ土類金属であり、ｎは芳香族基に置換しているアルキル基の数を示す。一般式［ＶＩＩ］において、ｘは１〜５の数である。
これらの鎖状炭化水素基置換芳香族構造は、２位炭素または３位炭素に芳香族基が置換している鎖状炭化水素基の数の合計が鎖状炭化水素基総数の３０％〜９０％である。
【００２８】
また、本発明の有機酸金属塩は、中性塩または過塩基性塩のいずれであっても摩擦係数改善効果を得ることができる。過塩基性塩は有機酸金属塩に主として金属水酸化物、金属炭酸塩を微粒子状に分散させたコロイド系であり、過塩基化方法は従来からよく知られている方法、例えば、酸性物質を有機酸またはその塩および金属化合物からなる反応混合物と反応させる方法が採用される。酸性物質としては、二酸化炭素または二酸化硫黄の如きガスを使用することができる。例えば、過塩基性アルカリ土類金属サリシレートは、その中性塩を二酸化炭素で処理することにより製造することもできる（例えば米国特許明細書第３０５７８９６号参照）。
【００２９】
本発明の潤滑油組成物への有機酸金属塩の配合量は、潤滑油の用途にもよるが、潤滑油組成物全重量基準で０．０１重量％〜１０重量％、好ましくは、０．０５重量％〜５重量％、金属量としては１ｐｐｍ〜１０，０００ｐｐｍ、好ましくは、５０ｐｐｍ〜５，０００ｐｐｍの範囲とすれば、十分な摩擦低減効果を奏することができる。
【００３０】
また、本発明の潤滑油組成物には、必要に応じて、さらに、粘度指数向上剤、無灰分散剤、酸化防止剤、極圧剤、摩耗防止剤、金属不活性化剤、流動点降下剤、腐蝕防止剤、他の摩擦調整剤等を適宜選択して配合することができる。
【００３１】
粘度指数向上剤としては、例えば、ポリメタクリレート系、ポリイソブチレン系、エチレン−プロピレン共重合体系、スチレンーブタジエン水添共重合体系等のものを用いることができ、これらは、通常、３重量％〜３５重量％の割合で使用される。
【００３２】
無灰分散剤としては、例えば、ポリブテニルコハク酸イミド系、ポリブテニルコハク酸アミド系、ベンジルアミン系、コハク酸エステル系のものがあり、これらは、通常、０．０５重量％〜７重量％の割合で使用される。
【００３３】
酸化防止剤としては、例えば、アルキル化ジフェニルアミン、フェニル−α−ナフチルアミン、アルキル化フェニル−α−ナフチルアミン等のアミン系酸化防止剤、２，６−ジ−ｔ−ブチルフェノール、４，４´−メチレンビス−（２，６−ジ−ｔ−ブチルフェノール）等のフェノール系酸化防止剤、さらに、ジチオリン酸亜鉛等を挙げることができ、これらは、通常０．０５重量％〜５重量％の割合で使用される。
【００３４】
極圧剤としては、例えば、ジベンジルサルファイド、ジブチルジサルファイド等があり、これらは、通常、０．０５重量％〜３重量％の割合で使用される。
【００３５】
金属不活性化剤としては、例えば、ベンゾトリアゾール、ベンゾトリアゾール誘導体、チアジアゾール等があり、これらは、通常、０．０１重量％〜３重量％の割合で使用される。
【００３６】
流動点降下剤としては、例えば、エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体、塩素化パラフィンとナフタレンとの縮合物、塩素化パラフィンとフェノールとの縮合物、ポリメタクリレート、ポリアルキルスチレン等が挙げられ、これらは、通常、０．１重量％〜１０重量％の割合で使用される。
【００３７】
摩耗防止剤としては、例えば、リン酸エステル、酸性リン酸エステル、亜リン酸エステル、酸性亜リン酸エステル、ジアルキルジチオリン酸亜鉛、イオウ化合物等を挙げることができ、これらは、通常、０．０１重量％〜５重量％の割合で使用される。
【００３８】
その他の添加剤として、本発明の有機酸金属塩の作用を阻害しないものであれば任意に選択して使用することができる。
本発明の有機酸金属塩は、鉱油等の溶媒に溶解させた形態で使用することができ、また、添加剤パッケージの一成分として用いることもできる。
【００３９】
本発明の好ましい実施の形態として、
▲１▼潤滑油基油に、
鎖状炭化水素基置換芳香族有機酸金属塩混合物であって、該芳香族基は少なくとも１個以上の鎖状炭化水素基で置換され、鎖状炭化水素基総数のうち、２位または３位炭素に芳香族基が結合している鎖状炭化水素基の数が３５％〜７０％の範囲にある有機酸金属塩を配合してなる潤滑油組成物、
▲２▼潤滑油基油に、
鎖状炭化水素基置換芳香族有機酸金属塩混合物であって、該芳香族基は少なくとも１個以上の鎖状炭化水素基で置換され、鎖状炭化水素基総数のうち、２位炭素に芳香族基が結合している鎖状炭化水素基の数が１０％以上であり、かつ、２位炭素に芳香族基が結合している鎖状炭化水素基の数と３位炭素に芳香族基が結合している鎖状炭化水素基の数の比が１０：９０〜９０：１０の範囲にある鎖状炭化水素基置換芳香族構造を有する有機酸金属塩を配合してなる潤滑油組成物、
▲３▼潤滑油基油に、
鎖状炭化水素基置換芳香族有機酸金属塩混合物であって、該芳香族基は少なくとも１個以上の鎖状炭化水素基で置換され、鎖状炭化水素基総数のうち、２位炭素に芳香族基が結合している鎖状炭化水素基の数が１０％を超え、かつ、２位炭素に芳香族基が結合している鎖状炭化水素基の数と３位炭素に芳香族基が結合している鎖状炭化水素基の数の比が１０：９０〜６５：３５の範囲にある鎖状炭化水素基置換芳香族構造を有する有機酸金属塩を配合してなる潤滑油組成物、
▲４▼潤滑油基油に、
鎖状炭化水素基置換芳香族有機酸金属塩混合物混合物であって、該芳香族基は少なくとも１個以上の鎖状炭化水素基で置換され、鎖状炭化水素基総数のうち、２位または３位炭素に芳香族基が結合している鎖状炭化水素基の数が３０％〜９０％の範囲にある有機酸金属塩を含有し、さらに、粘度指数向上剤、無灰分散剤、酸化防止剤、摩耗防止剤および金属不活性化剤からなる群より選択される少なくとも一種の添加剤を配合してなる潤滑油組成物
を提供することができる。
【００４０】
【実施例】
次に、実施例および比較例により本発明をさらに具体的に説明する。
なお、有機酸金属塩の鎖状炭化水素基置換芳香族構造の構造解析および潤滑油組成物の性能評価（摩擦係数）には、次の測定方法を採用した。
有機酸金属塩の鎖状炭化水素基置換芳香族構造の構造解析
13Ｃ−ＮＭＲ測定による。
【００４１】
摩擦係数の測定方法
ＪＡＳＯ Ｍ３４８−９５自動変速機油摩擦特性試験方法に準じた試験方法によりＳＡＥ Ｎｏ．２摩擦試験機を用いて１０ｃ／ｃ後の静止摩擦係数を測定した。摩擦材としてはＳＤ１７７７を使用した。
【００４２】
実施例１
潤滑油基油として精製鉱油１００ＳＮ（動粘度；４．１ｍｍ2 ／ｓ＠１００℃）を用い、これに有機酸金属塩として、表１に示すようにアルキル基の平均炭素数が２３であり、２位炭素にフェニル基が結合したアルキル基の数がアルキル基総数の２７％であり、２位炭素または３位炭素にフェニル基が結合したアルキル基の数がアルキル基総数の５３％であるオーバーベースアルキルベンゼンカルシウムスルホネートを１．０重量％（Ｃａ量として１０００ｐｐｍ）配合して潤滑油組成物を調製した。得られた潤滑油組成物の摩擦係数を前記の方法で測定したところ０．１３３であった。
【００４３】
実施例２
精製鉱油１００ＳＮ（動粘度；４．１ｍｍ2 ／ｓ＠１００℃）に対し、アルキル基平均炭素数２２であり、２位炭素にフェニル基が結合したアルキルの数がアルキル基総数の２８％であり、２位炭素または３位炭素にフェニル基が結合したアルキル基の数がアルキル基総数の４５％であるニュートラルアルキルベンゼンカルシウムスルホネートを１．０重量％（Ｃａ量として１００ｐｐｍ）配合して潤滑油組成物を調製した。得られた潤滑油組成物の摩擦係数を前記の方法で測定したところ０．１３４であった。
【００４４】
実施例３
精製鉱油１００ＳＮ（動粘度；４．１ｍｍ2 ／ｓ＠１００℃）に対し、アルキル基平均炭素数２２であり、２位炭素にフェニル基が結合したアルキル基の数がアルキル基総数の１４％であり、２位炭素または３位炭素にフェニル基が結合したアルキル基の数がアルキル基総数の３７％のオーバーベースアルキルベンゼンカルシウムスルホネートを１．０重量％（Ｃａ量として１０００ｐｐｍ）配合して潤滑油組成物を調製した。得られた潤滑油組成物の摩擦係数は０．１４０であった。
【００４５】
比較例１
潤滑油基油として精製鉱油１００ＳＮ（動粘度；４．１ｍｍ2 ／ｓ＠１００℃）を用い、有機酸金属塩を配合せずに潤滑油基油のみの摩擦係数を測定したところ０．１６８であった。
【００４６】
比較例２
精製鉱油１００ＳＮ（動粘度；４．１ｍｍ2 ／ｓ＠１００℃）に対し、アルキル基平均炭素数２５．５であり、２位炭素にフェニル基が結合したアルキル基の数がアルキル基総数の６％であり、２位炭素または３位炭素にフェニル基が結合したアルキル基の数がアルキル基総数の９％であるオーバーベースアルキルベンゼンカルシウムスルホネートを１．０重量％（Ｃａ量として１０００ｐｐｍ）配合して潤滑油組成物を得た。得られた潤滑油組成物の摩擦係数の測定結果は０．１６４であった。
実施例および比較例において用いた有機酸金属塩の構造およぼ潤滑油組成物の性能評価結果（ＳＡＥ Ｎｏ．２摩擦係数測定結果）を表１に記載した。
【００４７】
【表１】
Figure 0004632465
【００４８】
以上の実施例および比較例から、芳香族基が３位炭素に結合した鎖状炭化水素基および芳香族基が４位炭素に結合した鎖状炭化水素基の各々の単独の割合と摩擦係数との間には相関関係がないのに対し、芳香族基が２位炭素に結合した鎖状炭化水素基および芳香族基が３位炭素に結合した鎖状炭化水素基の合計割合を制御することによる摩擦係数低減効果が明確になった。すなわち、芳香族基が２位炭素または３位炭素に結合した鎖状炭化水素基数の全鎖状炭化水素基数に対する割合が３０％以上であると摩擦係数が著しく低減することが示されている。
【００４９】
【発明の効果】
本発明は、芳香族基が２位炭素または３位炭素に結合している鎖状炭化水素基の数が鎖状炭化水素基総数の３０％〜９０％である鎖状炭化水素基置換芳香族構造を有する有機酸金属塩混合物を配合してなる潤滑油組成物に関するものであり、芳香族基が鎖状炭化水素基の２位炭素または３位炭素という特定の位置に集中的に結合した有機酸金属塩、例えば、カルシウムスルホネートを用いると摩擦係数改善効果が極めて高く、摩擦特性を改善した潤滑油組成物を提供することができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a lubricating oil composition, and more particularly to a lubricating oil composition comprising a novel organic acid metal salt having a chain hydrocarbon group-substituted aromatic structure having a high effect of improving friction characteristics. Is.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Reduction of friction and wear generated on sliding surfaces of moving parts of machinery, equipment, equipment, etc. is a basic problem of lubrication, and unlimited technical development has been continued. In recent years, in particular, from the viewpoint of resource saving and energy saving, there has been a demand for further improvement in lubrication technology for reducing friction and wear in the lubrication field, and many efforts have been made to achieve low friction and low wear by improving lubricating oil quality. Considered from the viewpoint. Against the background of such technical development, it is an indispensable means for adjusting to desired friction characteristics by adding an additive to the lubricating base oil for the production of a lubricating oil having excellent friction characteristics. Therefore, a number of various friction modifiers have been proposed, and oil-based fatty acids, fatty acid metal salts, alcohols, esters, amines, etc. and extreme pressures are used for automatic transmission fluids, wet brake fluids, sliding surface fluids, plastic working fluids, etc. Agent types such as phosphate ester, phosphite ester, zinc dithiophosphate, etc. are used.For engine oil, gear oil, cutting oil, etc., extreme pressure agent types such as phosphate ester, phosphite ester, Phosphate amine salts, molybdenum dithiophosphate and molybdenum dithiocarbamate are used.
Furthermore, an automatic transmission oil containing magnesium sulfonate, particularly an overbased magnesium sulfonate having a base number of 300 or more has been proposed for the purpose of improving friction characteristics (see JP-A-62-84190), and metal. It has also been proposed to use calcium salicylate, which has been used as a system cleaner, as a friction coefficient adjusting agent for automatic transmission oil (see JP-A-5-163396).
[0003]
However, such conventionally proposed friction modifiers do not have sufficient friction reduction effects for both organic and metal types, and in particular, magnesium sulfonate, calcium salicylate, etc. provide some degree of friction reduction effect, The effect varies greatly depending on the type of base oil and usage conditions, and all of these effects are insufficient to ensure a stable effect of improving friction characteristics, and are effective when used in combination with other friction modifiers. It was only an effect as a friction reducing auxiliary agent. Therefore, if an organic acid metal salt having a stable and sustainable friction-reducing action is realized, its application range is widened and its industrial value is remarkably improved.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention provides a lubricating oil composition containing a novel organic acid metal salt having the ability to improve friction characteristics in view of the technical development related to friction reduction technology in the lubrication field as described above and the development situation of conventional friction modifiers. It is an object to do.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Therefore, as a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have found that it is important that the organic acid metal salt has a specific chain hydrocarbon group-substituted aromatic structure. It was found that an organic organic acid metal salt having an aromatic group and the bonding position of the aromatic hydrocarbon chain in the chain hydrocarbon group is remarkably excellent in the effect of improving the friction characteristics. The present invention has been completed.
[0006]
That is, the present invention
In lubricating base oil,
Chain hydrocarbon group-substituted aromatic organic acid metal salt mixture (excluding overbased alkyl oxybenzene sulphonate.) A, aromatic group is a phenyl group, the phenyl group at least one or more Of the total number of chain hydrocarbon groups that are substituted with chain hydrocarbon groups, the number of chain hydrocarbon groups having a phenyl group bonded to the 2-position carbon is 14% to 28%, and the 2-position carbon Alternatively , an organic acid metal salt in which the number of chain hydrocarbon groups having a phenyl group bonded to the 3-position carbon is in the range of 37% to 53% is 0.01% by weight to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. friction characteristics, wherein Rukoto such blended% is related to improved lubricating oil composition.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
The lubricating base oil used as a constituent of the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, and is conventionally used as a lubricating base oil, such as mineral oil base oil, synthetic oil Any of base oils or vegetable oil base oils, or mixed base oils thereof can be mentioned.
[0008]
Examples of mineral oil base oils include solvent refining, hydrocracking, hydrotreating, hydrorefining, and lubricating oil fractions obtained by vacuum distillation of atmospheric distillation residues of paraffinic, intermediate or naphthenic crude oils, Mineral oil obtained by processing through various refining processes such as catalytic dewaxing, solvent dewaxing, clay treatment, etc., and mineral oil obtained by subjecting degassed oil to the above-mentioned refining process after subjecting it to solvent degassing Alternatively, mineral oil obtained by isomerization of the wax content or a mixed oil thereof can be used. In the solvent purification, aromatic extraction solvents such as phenol, furfural and N-methyl-pyrrolidone are used, and liquefied propane, MEK / toluene and the like are used as solvents for solvent dewaxing. In the catalytic dewaxing, a shape selective zeolite can be used.
[0009]
On the other hand, synthetic base oils include, for example, poly α-olefin oligomers, polybutenes, alkylbenzenes, trimethylolpropane esters, pentaerythritol esters and other polyol esters, polyoxyalkylene glycols, polyoxyalkylene glycol esters, polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers. , Dibasic acid ester, phosphoric acid ester and silicone oil.
Moreover, castor oil, rapeseed oil, palm oil, coconut oil, olive oil, sunflower oil, etc. can be used as the vegetable oil base oil.
[0010]
Various lubricating base oils as described above can be used by appropriately mixing them so as to have a desired viscosity and other properties according to the use of the lubricating oil composition. For example, as the lubricating oil for internal combustion engines, the kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. is 2mm 2 / s~30mm 2 / s, particularly, in the range of 3mm 2 / s~10mm 2 / s, As the automatic transmission oil, 100 the kinematic viscosity 2mm 2 / s~30mm 2 / s at ° C., in particular, it is preferably adjusted to the range of 3mm 2 / s~15mm 2 / s.
[0011]
The organic acid metal salt blended in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention comprises an organic acid part having a chain hydrocarbon group-substituted aromatic structure and a metal component part. Specifically, a metal sulfonate, a metal Phenates, metal sulfide phenates, metal salicylates, metal sulfide salicylates, metal phosphonates and the like can be mentioned.
[0012]
The metal component of the organic acid metal salt of the present invention is an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, and examples thereof include metals having an atomic number of 12 to 56. Specifically, sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, barium and the like can be mentioned, and aluminum, zinc, tin, chromium, copper, cobalt and the like can also be used. In particular, calcium, magnesium, Barium and the like are preferable.
Accordingly, sulfonates, phenates, salicylates, and the like of alkaline earth metals such as calcium, magnesium, and barium are preferable as the organic acid metal salt of the present invention.
[0013]
The chain hydrocarbon group-substituted aromatic structure of the organic acid metal salt of the present invention is obtained by substituting a chain hydrocarbon group for an aromatic group. The aromatic group may be either a monocyclic ring or a polycyclic condensed ring. For example, those represented by the following formulas (a) to (g) are effective, and in particular, the phenyl group of (a), ( The naphthyl group of d) is preferable.
[0014]
[Chemical 1]
Figure 0004632465
[0015]
The chain hydrocarbon group having a chain hydrocarbon group-substituted aromatic structure is not particularly limited, but an alkyl group having 4 to 32 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group, or the like is preferable. Specifically, butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, octyl group, nonyl group, decyl group, undecyl group, dodecyl group, tridecyl group, tetradecyl group, pentadecyl group, hexadecyl group, heptadecyl group, otadecyl group, nonadecyl group, eicosyl And alkyl groups such as a group, a tetracosyl group, a pentacosyl group, a hexacosyl group, a heptacosyl group, an octacosyl group, a nonacosyl group and a triacontyl group, and alkenyl groups corresponding thereto. Furthermore, the alkyl group and the alkenyl group may have groups such as aryl, ester, ketone, ether, amine, amide, and imide.
[0016]
Specific examples of the chain hydrocarbon group-substituted aromatic structure of the organic acid metal salt of the present invention include alkylbenzene, alkenylbenzene, alkylnaphthalene, alkenylnaphthalene, alkylanthracene, and alkenylanthracene. In the organic acid metal salt of the invention, alkylbenzene, alkenylbenzene, alkylnaphthalene, alkenylnaphthalene and the like are particularly suitable. A chain hydrocarbon group-substituted aromatic structure, for example, a chain hydrocarbon group-substituted aromatic structure in which the alkylbenzene has 1 to 4 alkyl group substitutions and contains 25% or more of the alkyl group substitution number 1 is particularly preferable. .
[0017]
In the chain hydrocarbon group-substituted aromatic structure of the organic acid metal salt of the present invention, the chain hydrocarbon group may be one in which an aromatic group is bonded to the 2-position, 3-position, 4-position and other carbon. However, according to the study by the present inventors, the sum of the number of chain hydrocarbon groups having an aromatic group bonded to the 2-position carbon and the number of aromatic groups bonded to the 3-position carbon is a chain. It has been found that those in the range of 30% to 90%, particularly 35% to 70% of the total number of hydrocarbon groups are remarkably excellent in the friction reducing effect. If the number of chain hydrocarbon groups having an aromatic group bonded to the 2-position carbon or 3-position carbon does not reach 30%, the effect of reducing the friction coefficient cannot be sufficiently obtained. A corresponding friction coefficient reduction effect cannot be obtained.
[0018]
Further, if the number of chain hydrocarbon groups having an aromatic group bonded to the 2-position carbon is 10% or more of the total number of chain hydrocarbon groups, the effect of improving the friction coefficient is further improved, and the 2-position carbon is aromatic. The ratio of the number of chain hydrocarbon groups to which the group is bonded to the number of chain hydrocarbon groups bonded to the 3-position carbon is 10:90 to 90:10, particularly 30:70 to 70:30 A chain hydrocarbon-substituted aromatic structure in the range of the above yields a higher friction reduction effect, and in addition to this, the rubber compatibility improvement effect is also improved.
The typical compound of the organic acid metal salt mix | blended with the lubricating base oil of this invention is illustrated below.
[0019]
[Chemical 2]
Figure 0004632465
The above general formula [I] exemplifies a metal sulfonate, wherein A and B are chain hydrocarbon group-substituted aromatic structures, which may be the same or different from each other, and M is an alkali It is an earth metal. A chain hydrocarbon group-substituted aromatic structure is a chain carbonization in which at least one chain hydrocarbon group is substituted with an aromatic group, and the aromatic group is bonded to the 2-position carbon or 3-position carbon. The total number of hydrogen groups is 30% to 90% of the total number of chain hydrocarbon groups. The aromatic group is preferably monocyclic or bicyclic, and examples of such an aromatic group include a phenyl group and a naphthyl group. The chain hydrocarbon group is a linear alkyl group having 4 to 32 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 30 carbon atoms.
[0020]
[Chemical 3]
Figure 0004632465
[0021]
[Formula 4]
Figure 0004632465
[0022]
[Chemical formula 5]
Figure 0004632465
[0023]
[Chemical 6]
Figure 0004632465
The general formulas [II] to [V] are examples of metal salicylates and metal sulfide salicylates,
In each formula,
[0024]
[Chemical 7]
Figure 0004632465
Is a chain hydrocarbon group-substituted aromatic structure, and R 1 to R 4 in the general formulas [II] to [V] are alkyl groups having 4 to 32 carbon atoms. It may be the same or different. Preferred alkyl groups are those having 12 to 30 carbon atoms. M represents an alkaline earth metal, and n represents the number of alkyl groups substituted with an aromatic group. Moreover, in general formula [IV] and [V], x is a number of 1-5.
In these chain hydrocarbon group-substituted aromatic structures, the total number of chain hydrocarbon groups in which the aromatic group is bonded to the 2-position or 3-position carbon is 30% to 90% of the total number of chain hydrocarbon groups. %.
[0025]
[Chemical 8]
Figure 0004632465
[0026]
[Chemical 9]
Figure 0004632465
The general formulas [VI] and [VII] exemplify metal phenates and metal sulfurized phenates having a chain hydrocarbon group-substituted aromatic structure. In each general formula, the chain hydrocarbon group-substituted aromatic structure is
[0027]
Embedded image
Figure 0004632465
In the general formulas [VI] and [VII], R 5 and R 6 are alkyl groups having 4 to 32 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different from each other. Preferred alkyl groups are those having 12 to 30 carbon atoms. M represents an alkaline earth metal, and n represents the number of alkyl groups substituted with an aromatic group. In general formula [VII], x is a number of 1-5.
In these chain hydrocarbon group-substituted aromatic structures, the total number of chain hydrocarbon groups in which the aromatic group is substituted on the 2-position carbon or 3-position carbon is 30% to 90% of the total number of chain hydrocarbon groups. %.
[0028]
Moreover, the organic acid metal salt of the present invention can obtain the effect of improving the coefficient of friction even if it is a neutral salt or an overbased salt. An overbased salt is a colloidal system in which metal hydroxides and metal carbonates are mainly dispersed in an organic acid metal salt in the form of fine particles. The overbasing method is a well-known method such as an acidic substance. A method of reacting with a reaction mixture comprising an organic acid or a salt thereof and a metal compound is employed. As the acidic substance, a gas such as carbon dioxide or sulfur dioxide can be used. For example, overbased alkaline earth metal salicylates can be produced by treating the neutral salt with carbon dioxide (see, for example, US Pat. No. 3,057,896).
[0029]
The compounding amount of the organic acid metal salt in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention depends on the use of the lubricating oil, but is 0.01 wt% to 10 wt%, preferably 0.00% based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. If the content is in the range of 05 wt% to 5 wt% and the amount of metal is 1 ppm to 10,000 ppm, preferably 50 ppm to 5,000 ppm, a sufficient friction reducing effect can be obtained.
[0030]
In addition, the lubricating oil composition of the present invention may further include a viscosity index improver, an ashless dispersant, an antioxidant, an extreme pressure agent, an antiwear agent, a metal deactivator, a pour point depressant, if necessary. Corrosion inhibitors, other friction modifiers, and the like can be appropriately selected and blended.
[0031]
As the viscosity index improver, for example, polymethacrylate, polyisobutylene, ethylene-propylene copolymer, styrene-butadiene hydrogenated copolymer, and the like can be used. Used in a proportion of 35% by weight.
[0032]
Ashless dispersants include, for example, polybutenyl succinimide-based, polybutenyl succinamide-based, benzylamine-based, and succinic ester-based ones, and these are usually 0.05 wt% to 7 wt%. Used in percentages.
[0033]
Examples of the antioxidant include amine-based antioxidants such as alkylated diphenylamine, phenyl-α-naphthylamine, and alkylated phenyl-α-naphthylamine, 2,6-di-t-butylphenol, 4,4′-methylenebis- Phenolic antioxidants such as (2,6-di-t-butylphenol), zinc dithiophosphate and the like can be mentioned, and these are usually used at a ratio of 0.05% by weight to 5% by weight. .
[0034]
Examples of the extreme pressure agent include dibenzyl sulfide, dibutyl disulfide and the like, and these are usually used at a ratio of 0.05% by weight to 3% by weight.
[0035]
Examples of the metal deactivator include benzotriazole, benzotriazole derivatives, thiadiazole and the like, and these are usually used at a ratio of 0.01% by weight to 3% by weight.
[0036]
Examples of the pour point depressant include ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, condensate of chlorinated paraffin and naphthalene, condensate of chlorinated paraffin and phenol, polymethacrylate, polyalkylstyrene, etc. Usually, it is used at a ratio of 0.1 wt% to 10 wt%.
[0037]
Examples of the antiwear agent include phosphate esters, acidic phosphate esters, phosphite esters, acidic phosphite esters, zinc dialkyldithiophosphates, sulfur compounds, and the like. Used in a proportion of 5% to 5% by weight.
[0038]
Other additives can be arbitrarily selected and used as long as they do not inhibit the action of the organic acid metal salt of the present invention.
The organic acid metal salt of the present invention can be used in a form dissolved in a solvent such as mineral oil, and can also be used as a component of an additive package.
[0039]
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention,
(1) To lubricating base oil,
A chain hydrocarbon group-substituted aromatic organic acid metal salt mixture, wherein the aromatic group is substituted with at least one chain hydrocarbon group, and the 2-position or 3-position of the total number of chain hydrocarbon groups A lubricating oil composition comprising an organic acid metal salt in which the number of chain hydrocarbon groups having an aromatic group bonded to carbon is in the range of 35% to 70%;
(2) To lubricating base oil,
A chain hydrocarbon group-substituted aromatic organic acid metal salt mixture, wherein the aromatic group is substituted with at least one chain hydrocarbon group, and an aromatic group at the 2-position carbon in the total number of chain hydrocarbon groups The number of chain hydrocarbon groups to which the group is bonded is 10% or more, and the number of chain hydrocarbon groups to which the aromatic group is bonded to the 2-position carbon and the aromatic group to the 3-position carbon. Oil composition comprising an organic acid metal salt having a chain hydrocarbon group-substituted aromatic structure in which the ratio of the number of chain hydrocarbon groups bonded to each other is in the range of 10:90 to 90:10 ,
(3) To lubricating base oil,
A chain hydrocarbon group-substituted aromatic organic acid metal salt mixture, wherein the aromatic group is substituted with at least one chain hydrocarbon group, and an aromatic group at the 2-position carbon in the total number of chain hydrocarbon groups The number of chain hydrocarbon groups to which the group is bonded exceeds 10%, and the number of chain hydrocarbon groups to which the aromatic group is bonded to the 2-position carbon and the aromatic group to the 3-position carbon. A lubricating oil composition comprising an organic acid metal salt having a chain hydrocarbon group-substituted aromatic structure in which the ratio of the number of chain hydrocarbon groups bonded is in the range of 10:90 to 65:35;
(4) To lubricating base oil,
A chain hydrocarbon group-substituted aromatic organic acid metal salt mixture mixture, wherein the aromatic group is substituted with at least one chain hydrocarbon group, and the second or third of the total number of chain hydrocarbon groups Containing an organic acid metal salt in which the number of chain hydrocarbon groups having an aromatic group bonded to the coordinate carbon is in the range of 30% to 90%, and further, a viscosity index improver, an ashless dispersant, and an antioxidant A lubricating oil composition comprising at least one additive selected from the group consisting of an antiwear agent and a metal deactivator can be provided.
[0040]
【Example】
Next, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples and comparative examples.
The following measurement method was employed for the structural analysis of the chain hydrocarbon group-substituted aromatic structure of the organic acid metal salt and the performance evaluation (friction coefficient) of the lubricating oil composition.
Structural analysis of chain hydrocarbon-substituted aromatic structure of organic acid metal salts
By 13 C-NMR measurement.
[0041]
Friction coefficient measurement method SAE No. 4 was tested by a test method according to the JASO M348-95 automatic transmission oil friction characteristic test method. The static friction coefficient after 10 c / c was measured using a two-friction tester. SD1777 was used as the friction material.
[0042]
Example 1
Refined mineral oil 100SN (kinematic viscosity; 4.1 mm 2 / s @ 100 ° C.) is used as the lubricating base oil, and as an organic acid metal salt, the average carbon number of the alkyl group is 23 as shown in Table 1, The number of alkyl groups having a phenyl group bonded to the 2-position carbon is 27% of the total number of alkyl groups, and the number of alkyl groups having a phenyl group bonded to the 2-position carbon or the 3-position carbon is 53% of the total number of alkyl groups. A lubricating oil composition was prepared by blending 1.0 wt% of base alkylbenzene calcium sulfonate (1000 ppm as the amount of Ca). It was 0.133 when the friction coefficient of the obtained lubricating oil composition was measured by the said method.
[0043]
Example 2
For refined mineral oil 100SN (kinematic viscosity; 4.1 mm 2 / s @ 100 ° C.), the alkyl group has an average carbon number of 22 and the number of alkyls having a phenyl group bonded to the 2-position carbon is 28% of the total number of alkyl groups. Lubricating oil composition containing 1.0 wt% (100 ppm as Ca amount) of neutral alkylbenzene calcium sulfonate having 45% of alkyl groups in which phenyl group is bonded to 2-position carbon or 3-position carbon. Was prepared. The friction coefficient of the obtained lubricating oil composition was measured by the above method and found to be 0.134.
[0044]
Example 3
For refined mineral oil 100SN (kinematic viscosity; 4.1 mm 2 / s @ 100 ° C.), the alkyl group has an average carbon number of 22 and the number of alkyl groups having a phenyl group bonded to the 2-position carbon is 14% of the total number of alkyl groups. Yes, lubricating oil composition containing 1.0% by weight (1000 ppm as the amount of Ca) of overbase alkylbenzene calcium sulfonate with 37% of the total number of alkyl groups having a phenyl group bonded to the 2nd or 3rd carbon. A product was prepared. The friction coefficient of the obtained lubricating oil composition was 0.140.
[0045]
Comparative Example 1
A refined mineral oil 100SN (kinematic viscosity; 4.1 mm 2 / s @ 100 ° C.) was used as the lubricating base oil, and the coefficient of friction of the lubricating base oil alone was measured without blending the organic acid metal salt. there were.
[0046]
Comparative Example 2
For refined mineral oil 100SN (kinematic viscosity; 4.1 mm 2 / s @ 100 ° C.), the alkyl group has an average carbon number of 25.5, and the number of alkyl groups having a phenyl group bonded to the 2-position carbon is 6 of the total number of alkyl groups. 1.0% by weight (over 1000 ppm as the amount of Ca) of overbased alkylbenzene calcium sulfonate in which the number of alkyl groups having a phenyl group bonded to the 2-position carbon or 3-position carbon is 9% of the total number of alkyl groups. A lubricating oil composition was obtained. The measurement result of the friction coefficient of the obtained lubricating oil composition was 0.164.
Table 1 shows the structure of the organic acid metal salt used in Examples and Comparative Examples and the performance evaluation results (SAE No. 2 friction coefficient measurement results) of the lubricating oil composition.
[0047]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004632465
[0048]
From the above Examples and Comparative Examples, the ratio and friction coefficient of each of the chain hydrocarbon group in which the aromatic group is bonded to the 3-position carbon and the chain hydrocarbon group in which the aromatic group is bonded to the 4-position carbon are There is no correlation between them, but the total ratio of the chain hydrocarbon group in which the aromatic group is bonded to the 2-position carbon and the chain hydrocarbon group in which the aromatic group is bonded to the 3-position carbon is controlled. The friction coefficient reduction effect by clarified. That is, it is shown that the friction coefficient is remarkably reduced when the ratio of the number of chain hydrocarbon groups in which the aromatic group is bonded to the 2-position carbon or 3-position carbon to the total chain hydrocarbon group number is 30% or more.
[0049]
【The invention's effect】
The present invention relates to a chain hydrocarbon group-substituted aromatic in which the number of chain hydrocarbon groups in which the aromatic group is bonded to the 2-position or 3-position carbon is 30% to 90% of the total number of chain hydrocarbon groups The present invention relates to a lubricating oil composition comprising a mixture of organic acid metal salts having a structure, wherein an aromatic group is intensively bonded to a specific position of the second or third carbon of a chain hydrocarbon group. When an acid metal salt such as calcium sulfonate is used, a lubricating oil composition having an extremely high friction coefficient improvement effect and improved friction characteristics can be provided.

Claims (4)

潤滑油基油に、
鎖状炭化水素基置換芳香族有機酸金属塩混合物（ただし、過塩基性アルキルオキシベンゼンスルホネートを除く。）であって、該芳香族基はフェニル基であり、該フェニル基は少なくとも１個以上の鎖状炭化水素基で置換され、鎖状炭化水素基総数のうち、２位炭素にフェニル基が結合している鎖状炭化水素基の数が１４％〜２８％であり、かつ、２位炭素または３位炭素にフェニル基が結合している鎖状炭化水素基の数が３７％〜５３％の範囲にある有機酸金属塩を潤滑油組成物全重量基準で０．０１重量％〜１０重量％配合してなることを特徴とする摩擦特性が改善された潤滑油組成物。In lubricating base oil,
Chain hydrocarbon group-substituted aromatic organic acid metal salt mixture (excluding overbased alkyl oxybenzene sulphonate.) A, aromatic group is a phenyl group, the phenyl group at least one or more Of the total number of chain hydrocarbon groups that are substituted with chain hydrocarbon groups, the number of chain hydrocarbon groups in which a phenyl group is bonded to the 2-position carbon is 14% to 28% , and the 2-position carbon Alternatively , an organic acid metal salt in which the number of chain hydrocarbon groups having a phenyl group bonded to the 3-position carbon is in the range of 37% to 53% is 0.01% by weight to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. A lubricating oil composition with improved friction characteristics, characterized by comprising 前記鎖状炭化水素基置換芳香族有機酸金属塩混合物において、２位炭素にフェニル基が結合している鎖状炭化水素基の数と３位炭素にフェニル基が結合している鎖状炭化水素基の数との比が１０：９０〜６５：３５の範囲にある請求項１に記載の摩擦特性が改善された潤滑油組成物。In the chain hydrocarbon group-substituted aromatic organic acid metal salt mixture, the number of chain hydrocarbon groups having a phenyl group bonded to the 2-position carbon and the chain hydrocarbon having a phenyl group bonded to the 3-position carbon The lubricating oil composition with improved frictional properties according to claim 1, wherein the ratio to the number of groups is in the range of 10:90 to 65:35. 前記鎖状炭化水素基置換芳香族有機酸金属塩がアルキルベンゼンスルホン酸アルカリ土類金属塩である請求項１または２に記載の摩擦特性が改善された潤滑油組成物。The lubricating oil composition with improved friction characteristics according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the chain hydrocarbon group-substituted aromatic organic acid metal salt is an alkaline earth metal salt of alkylbenzene sulfonic acid. 前記潤滑油組成物のＳＡＥ Ｎｏ．２摩擦係数が０．１３３〜０．１４０である請求項１に記載の摩擦特性が改善された潤滑油組成物。SAE No. of the lubricating oil composition. 2. The lubricating oil composition with improved friction characteristics according to claim 1, wherein the coefficient of friction is 0.133 to 0.140.
JP10409098A 1997-05-30 1998-03-31 Lubricating oil composition Expired - Lifetime JP4632465B2 (en)

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