JP4631051B2 - Proteins localized to the centromere - Google Patents

Proteins localized to the centromere Download PDF

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JP4631051B2
JP4631051B2 JP2005101959A JP2005101959A JP4631051B2 JP 4631051 B2 JP4631051 B2 JP 4631051B2 JP 2005101959 A JP2005101959 A JP 2005101959A JP 2005101959 A JP2005101959 A JP 2005101959A JP 4631051 B2 JP4631051 B2 JP 4631051B2
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聖裕 岡田
竜郎 深川
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Inter University Research Institute Corp Research Organization of Information and Systems
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本発明は、セントロメア構成タンパク質であるCENP−H及びCENP−Iに結合し、染色体分配を制御する新規なタンパク質及びそれをコードする遺伝子に関する。   The present invention relates to a novel protein that binds to centromere-constituting proteins CENP-H and CENP-I and controls chromosome distribution and a gene encoding the same.

生物が生命を維持するためには、全ゲノム情報を包括する構造体である染色体は安定に保持・増殖されなければならない。正常な細胞では、ほぼ決まった時間周期で染色体の複製と分配が正確に行われる。染色体の複製・分配といった基本的な生体反応に狂いが生じると染色体の異数化、がん化など細胞に対する悪影響が生じる。したがって、染色体分配機構の解明は、がん化の制御につながると考えられる。   In order for an organism to maintain its life, a chromosome, which is a structure containing all genome information, must be stably maintained and propagated. In normal cells, chromosome replication and distribution occur accurately in almost fixed time periods. If a fundamental biological reaction such as chromosome replication / distribution is distorted, adverse effects on cells such as chromosome aneuploidy and canceration will occur. Therefore, elucidation of the chromosome distribution mechanism is thought to lead to the control of canceration.

細胞分裂時に両極から伸びた紡錘体が染色体の特殊構造を捕まえて、娘細胞へ分配することで染色体分配はおこる。その際、紡錘体が捕らえる染色体の特殊構造はセントロメア(動原体)と呼ばれている。従って、セントロメアは染色体分配に重要な働きを担っている。また、がん細胞のように過剰な分裂を行う細胞では、セントロメアを構成するあるタンパク質が過剰に発現していることが報告されている(非特許文献1)。CENP−H及びCENP−Iは染色体分配に関わるセントロメア構成タンパク質であり、CENP−HとCENP−Iが結合していることは報告されている(非特許文献2)。ただし、CENP−HやCENP−Iは、染色体分配において未同定のタンパク質と作用して巨大複合体として機能すると予想されている(非特許文献3)。他のセントロメアタンパク質と同様に未同定のセントロメアタンパク質は、がん細胞で過剰に発現していることが予想される。したがって、未同定のセントロメアタンパク質は、制がん薬剤のターゲットになる可能性を秘めている。
Tomonaga et al., Cancer Res., 63, 3511-3516, 2003 Nishihashi et al., Dev. Cell, 2, 463-476, 2002 Fukagawa Exp. Cell Res., 296, 21-27, 2004
Chromosome partitioning occurs when spindles extending from both poles during cell division capture the special structure of chromosomes and distribute them to daughter cells. In that case, the special structure of the chromosome that the spindle captures is called the centromere (centromere). Thus, centromeres play an important role in chromosome distribution. Moreover, it has been reported that a certain protein constituting the centromere is excessively expressed in cells that undergo excessive division such as cancer cells (Non-patent Document 1). CENP-H and CENP-I are centromere constituent proteins involved in chromosome distribution, and it has been reported that CENP-H and CENP-I are bound (Non-patent Document 2). However, CENP-H and CENP-I are expected to act as unidentified proteins in chromosomal partitioning and function as giant complexes (Non-patent Document 3). Like other centromere proteins, unidentified centromere proteins are expected to be overexpressed in cancer cells. Thus, unidentified centromere proteins have the potential to become targets for anticancer drugs.
Tomonaga et al., Cancer Res., 63, 3511-3516, 2003 Nishihashi et al., Dev. Cell, 2, 463-476, 2002 Fukagawa Exp. Cell Res., 296, 21-27, 2004

本発明の目的は、セントロメアに局在し、CENP−H及びCENP−Iに結合して染色体分配を制御しており、制がん薬剤のターゲットとして有用な新規タンパク質を提供することにある。   An object of the present invention is to provide a novel protein that is localized in the centromere and binds to CENP-H and CENP-I to control chromosome distribution and is useful as a target for anticancer drugs.

本発明者は、がん細胞の増殖制御を目指してセントロメアを構成するタンパク質について研究を行い、特にCENP−H及びCENP−Iに注目し、これに結合するタンパク質を探索してきた。その結果、今般、CENP−H及びCENP−Iに結合し、セントロメアへ局在し染色体分配を制御する機能を有する5種のタンパク質を見出し、本発明を完成した。   The inventor has conducted research on proteins constituting centromeres with the aim of controlling the growth of cancer cells, and has focused on CENP-H and CENP-I, and has searched for proteins that bind to them. As a result, five types of proteins that bind to CENP-H and CENP-I, localize to the centromere, and control chromosome distribution have been found, and the present invention has been completed.

すなわち、本発明は、配列番号1〜5から選ばれるアミノ酸配列からなるタンパク質、又は配列番号1〜5から選ばれるアミノ酸配列において1若しくは数個のアミノ酸が欠失、置換若しくは付加されたアミノ酸配列からなり、かつCENP−H及びCENP−Iに結合性を有するタンパク質、並びにこれらのタンパク質をコードする遺伝子を提供するものである。   That is, the present invention relates to a protein comprising an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 5, or an amino acid sequence in which one or several amino acids are deleted, substituted or added in the amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 5. And a protein having binding ability to CENP-H and CENP-I, and genes encoding these proteins.

本発明のタンパク質は、セントロメアを構成するタンパク質であるCENP−H及びCENP−Iに結合し、かつセントロメアへ局在する性質を有することから、染色体の分配に深く関与しているタンパク質である。このタンパク質の発現を制御すれば、がん細胞の増殖を制御でき、このタンパク質は制がん薬剤のターゲットとして有用である。すなわち、このタンパク質の過剰発現を抑制すれば、新たな作用機序による制がん剤が開発できる。   The protein of the present invention is a protein that is deeply involved in chromosome distribution because it binds to CENP-H and CENP-I, which are proteins constituting centromeres, and has a property of localizing to centromeres. Controlling the expression of this protein can control the growth of cancer cells, and this protein is useful as a target for anticancer drugs. That is, anti-cancer agents with a new mechanism of action can be developed by suppressing the overexpression of this protein.

本発明タンパク質は、配列番号1〜5から選ばれるアミノ酸配列からなるタンパク質、又は配列番号1〜5から選ばれるアミノ酸配列において1若しくは数個のアミノ酸が欠失、置換若しくは付加されたアミノ酸配列からなり、かつCENP−H及びCENP−Iに結合性を有するタンパク質である。ここで、上記1若しくは数個のアミノ酸が欠失、置換若しくは付加されたアミノ酸配列と配列番号1〜5のアミノ酸配列との相同性は、好ましくは90%以上、より好ましくは95%、さらに好ましくは98%以上である。   The protein of the present invention consists of an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 5, or an amino acid sequence in which one or several amino acids are deleted, substituted or added in the amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 5. And a protein having binding ability to CENP-H and CENP-I. Here, the homology between the amino acid sequence in which one or several amino acids are deleted, substituted or added and the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 5 is preferably 90% or more, more preferably 95%, still more preferably. Is 98% or more.

また、本発明の遺伝子は、前記タンパク質をコードする遺伝子である。この遺伝子としては、前記タンパク質をコードするものであれば制限されないが、例えば配列番号6〜10から選ばれる塩基配列からなるDNA、又は配列番号6〜10から選ばれる塩基配列と相補的な塩基配列からなるDNAとストリンジェントな条件下でハイブリダイズし、かつCENP−H及びCENP−Iに結合性を有するタンパク質をコードするDNAが挙げられる。ここで、ストリンジェントな条件とは、例えば0.1%SDSを含む0.2×SSC中50℃、又は0.1%SDSを含む1×SSC中60℃の条件である。   The gene of the present invention is a gene encoding the protein. The gene is not limited as long as it encodes the protein. For example, DNA comprising a base sequence selected from SEQ ID NOs: 6 to 10, or a base sequence complementary to a base sequence selected from SEQ ID NOs: 6 to 10 And a DNA encoding a protein having a binding property to CENP-H and CENP-I. Here, the stringent conditions are, for example, conditions of 50 ° C. in 0.2 × SSC containing 0.1% SDS, or 60 ° C. in 1 × SSC containing 0.1% SDS.

配列番号1〜5から選ばれるアミノ酸配列及び配列番号6〜10から選ばれる塩基配列は、ニワトリ由来のタンパク質及びそれをコードする遺伝子である。しかし、前記の如く1又は数個のアミノ酸配列が欠失、置換又は付加されたアミノ酸配列からなり、かつCENP−H及びCENP−Iに結合性を有する限り、ヒトを含む哺乳類由来のタンパク質も本発明に含まれることはいうまでもない。   The amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 5 and the base sequence selected from SEQ ID NOs: 6 to 10 are a chicken-derived protein and a gene encoding it. However, as long as it consists of an amino acid sequence in which one or several amino acid sequences are deleted, substituted or added as described above and has binding properties to CENP-H and CENP-I, proteins derived from mammals including humans are also present. It goes without saying that it is included in the invention.

セントロメアに局在するタンパク質の同定は、生化学的手法や遺伝学的手法を用いることで数多く試みられている。しかしながら、存在量の少なさや抽出技術の困難さから、新しくセントロメアタンパク質を同定したという成功例は数少ない。また、既存のセントロメアタンパク質にタグをつけたタンパク質を細胞内で大量発現させて、結合タンパク質を同定する試みが最近さかんに行われている。しかしながら、大量発現することで、そのタンパク質がセントロメア以外の場所に局在し、セントロメアに局在するセントロメアタンパク質同定がうまくいかないなど技術的な問題点が数多くあった。   Many attempts have been made to identify proteins located in centromeres using biochemical and genetic techniques. However, few centromere proteins have been successfully identified due to their low abundance and difficulty in extraction techniques. Recently, many attempts have been made to identify binding proteins by expressing a large amount of proteins tagged with existing centromere proteins in cells. However, there are many technical problems such as that the protein is localized in a place other than the centromere due to mass expression, and the identification of the centromere protein localized in the centromere is not successful.

本発明のタンパク質は、例えばニワトリDT40細胞を用いて、以下の如くして分離できる。すなわち、ニワトリDT40細胞内では、相同組み換えが高頻度でおこるために遺伝子改変を効率的に行うことができる。セントロメアタンパク質CENP−H又はCENP−Iの発現を100%タグ付きの融合タンパク質に置き換えた細胞株を樹立した。この細胞株では、タグ付きのCENP−HやCENP−Iがセントロメア以外に局在してしまうという前記問題点が克服できていた。そこでこれらの細胞株を用いてクロマチン画分を調製し、抗タグ抗体を用いた免疫沈降法によりCENP−H及びCENP−Iと結合するタンパク質を同定した。得られたペプチド配列をもとにcDNAクローニングすることにより、本発明の配列番号1〜5から選ばれるアミノ酸配列からなる5種類のタンパク質が得られる。   The protein of the present invention can be separated as follows using, for example, chicken DT40 cells. That is, in chicken DT40 cells, homologous recombination occurs at a high frequency, so that genetic modification can be performed efficiently. Cell lines were established in which the expression of the centromere protein CENP-H or CENP-I was replaced with a fusion protein with a 100% tag. In this cell line, the above-mentioned problem that CENP-H and CENP-I with a tag are localized other than the centromere could be overcome. Thus, chromatin fractions were prepared using these cell lines, and proteins that bind to CENP-H and CENP-I were identified by immunoprecipitation using an anti-tag antibody. Five types of proteins consisting of amino acid sequences selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 5 of the present invention are obtained by cDNA cloning based on the obtained peptide sequences.

得られた本発明タンパク質は、これをGFP融合タンパク質等の標識タンパク質として細胞内で発現させれば、細胞周期を通じてセントロメアへ局在することが確認できる。   If the obtained protein of the present invention is expressed in a cell as a labeled protein such as a GFP fusion protein, it can be confirmed that it is localized to the centromere throughout the cell cycle.

かくして得られた本発明のタンパク質及び遺伝子は、アミノ酸配列又は塩基配列が判明したので、前記手段に限定されず、ペプチド合成等により製造することもでき、通常の遺伝子組み換え手段により製造できることは言うまでもない。   Since the protein and gene of the present invention thus obtained have been found to have an amino acid sequence or a base sequence, it is not limited to the above means, and can be produced by peptide synthesis or the like, and can be produced by ordinary genetic recombination means. .

本発明タンパク質は、CENP−H及びCENP−Iに結合し、かつセントロメアへ局在する。従って、染色体の分配に必須のタンパク質である。本発明タンパク質が過剰に発現する細胞は、がん化している可能性が高く、本発明タンパク質又はこの遺伝子を検出すればがんの診断が可能である。また、本発明タンパク質又はその遺伝子の過剰発現を指標にして、制がん剤の開発が可能である。すなわち、本発明タンパク質又はその遺伝子の過剰発現を抑制する薬剤を探索すれば制がん剤がスクリーニングできる。   The protein of the present invention binds to CENP-H and CENP-I and localizes to the centromere. Therefore, it is an essential protein for chromosome distribution. A cell in which the protein of the present invention is excessively expressed is highly likely to be cancerous, and cancer can be diagnosed by detecting the protein of the present invention or this gene. In addition, it is possible to develop an anticancer drug using the overexpression of the protein of the present invention or a gene thereof as an index. That is, anticancer drugs can be screened by searching for drugs that suppress the overexpression of the protein of the present invention or its gene.

次に実施例を挙げて本発明を詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれら実施例に何ら限定されるものではない。   EXAMPLES Next, although an Example is given and this invention is demonstrated in detail, this invention is not limited to these Examples at all.

(1)細胞内のCENP−H又はCENP−Iタンパク質の全てをタグ付き融合タンパク質に置換された細胞株の確立
CENP−H遺伝子あるいはCENP−I遺伝子のゲノム領域と相同性のある約10Kbのゲノム配列をプラスミドベクターpBSへクローン化する。そのプラスミドへクローン化されたゲノム領域へ薬剤耐性遺伝子(ヒスチジノール耐性遺伝子あるいはピューロマイシン耐性遺伝子)を挿入したプラスミドを構築する (ノックアウトコンストラクト)。エレクトロポーレーション法(550V、25マイクロF)を用いて、制限酵素NotIで切断されたノックアウトコンストラクトをDT40細胞へ導入して、ノックコンストラクトとゲノム領域が置換したニワトリDT40細胞株(CENP−HあるいはCENP−Iノックアウト株)を樹立する。相同組み換えの有無は、サザンハイブリダイゼーションで確認できる。平行して、CMVプローモーターの下流でFLAGタグ融合CENP−HあるいはCENP−Iタンパク質が発現するプラスミドベクターを構築する(FLAGタグ融合ベクター)。FLAGタグ融合ベクターをエレクトロポーレーション法を用いて、CENP−HあるいはCENP−Iノックアウト株へ導入した。これらの細胞株では、野生型のCENP−HあるいはCENP−Iタンパク質がノックアウトされて、FLAGタグ融合CENP−HあるいはCENP−Iタンパク質が発現しているため、細胞内の全てのCENP−HあるいはCENP−Iタンパク質がFLAGタグ融合CENP−HあるいはCENP−Iタンパク質に置き換わっている。
(1) Establishment of a cell line in which all intracellular CENP-H or CENP-I proteins are replaced with tagged fusion proteins Genome of about 10 Kb homologous to the genomic region of CENP-H gene or CENP-I gene The sequence is cloned into the plasmid vector pBS. A plasmid is constructed by inserting a drug resistance gene (histidinol resistance gene or puromycin resistance gene) into the genomic region cloned into the plasmid (knockout construct). Using the electroporation method (550 V, 25 micro F), the knockout construct cleaved with the restriction enzyme NotI was introduced into DT40 cells, and the chicken DT40 cell line (CENP-H or CENP) in which the knock construct and the genomic region were replaced. -I knockout strain). The presence or absence of homologous recombination can be confirmed by Southern hybridization. In parallel, a plasmid vector in which the FLAG tag fusion CENP-H or CENP-I protein is expressed downstream of the CMV promoter is constructed (FLAG tag fusion vector). The FLAG tag fusion vector was introduced into CENP-H or CENP-I knockout strain using electroporation. In these cell lines, the wild-type CENP-H or CENP-I protein is knocked out and the FLAG tag fusion CENP-H or CENP-I protein is expressed. Therefore, all CENP-H or CENP in the cell are expressed. -I protein is replaced by FLAG tag fusion CENP-H or CENP-I protein.

(2)本発明タンパク質の分離
(1)で得た細胞を大量培養して間期の細胞を集めた。Dounceホモジナイザーを用いて細胞を破砕し、遠心分離によって核を調製する。核を緩衝液A(20mM HEPES−KOH pH8.0/150mM KCl/1mM DTT)に懸濁した後、超音波破砕し、遠心分離によってDNAを含む画分を調製した。DNAを含む画分に最終濃度3mMのCaCl2を添加し、さらにマイクロコッカル・ヌクレアーゼを加えて4℃1時間反応させ、DNAを切断することによって、DNAに結合しているタンパク質を可溶化した。KCl及びNP−40をそれぞれ最終濃度300mM及び0.1%になるよう添加し、続いて抗FLAG抗体を固定化したレジンを添加して4℃3時間撹拌した。抗FLAG抗体を固定化したレジンを遠心分離によって回収し、緩衝液B(20mM HEPES−KOH pH8.0/300mM KCl/1mM DTT/0.1% NP−40)を用いて洗浄した。抗FLAG抗体を固定化したレジンに0.1M Glycine pH2.5溶液を添加して1分間静置した後、遠心分離によって溶液を回収した。溶液に等量の20%トリクロロ酢酸及び5倍量のアセトンを添加し、−20℃で2時間静置し、遠心分離によってタンパク質を回収した。
(2) Separation of the protein of the present invention The cells obtained in (1) were mass-cultured to collect interphase cells. Cells are disrupted using a Dounce homogenizer and nuclei are prepared by centrifugation. Nuclei were suspended in buffer A (20 mM HEPES-KOH pH 8.0 / 150 mM KCl / 1 mM DTT), then sonicated and a fraction containing DNA was prepared by centrifugation. The final concentration of 3 mM of CaCl 2 was added to the fraction containing DNA, and then the reaction was carried out at 4 ° C. for 1 hour by adding a micrococcal nuclease to cleave the DNA, solubilizing the protein bound to the DNA. . KCl and NP-40 were added to final concentrations of 300 mM and 0.1%, respectively, followed by the addition of a resin immobilizing an anti-FLAG antibody and stirring at 4 ° C. for 3 hours. The resin on which the anti-FLAG antibody was immobilized was collected by centrifugation and washed with buffer B (20 mM HEPES-KOH pH 8.0 / 300 mM KCl / 1 mM DTT / 0.1% NP-40). A 0.1 M Glycine pH 2.5 solution was added to the resin with the anti-FLAG antibody immobilized thereon, and the mixture was allowed to stand for 1 minute, and then the solution was collected by centrifugation. An equal amount of 20% trichloroacetic acid and 5 times amount of acetone were added to the solution, and the mixture was allowed to stand at −20 ° C. for 2 hours, and the protein was recovered by centrifugation.

(3)タンパク質の同定
回収されたタンパク質をSDS−PAGEによって分離した後、銀染色で検出し、ゲルを切り出して質量分析を行うことで各タンパク質の部分アミノ酸配列を決定した。各タンパク質の部分アミノ酸配列は、以下の通りである。
(3) Identification of proteins The recovered proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE, then detected by silver staining, the gel was cut out and subjected to mass spectrometry to determine the partial amino acid sequence of each protein. The partial amino acid sequence of each protein is as follows.

(CENP−40)Asp Gly Gly Gly Arg Met Pro Ala Ala Pro Leu Ala Gln Gly Lys Val Glu Arg (CENP-40) Asp Gly Gly Gly Arg Met Pro Ala Ala Pro Leu Ala Gln Gly Lys Val Glu Arg

(CENP−35)Lys Gln Trp Thr Leu Tyr Ser Val Ser Pro Leu Tyr Lys Phe Ser Ser Ala Asp Leu Lys Asp Tyr Ala Arg Met Leu Gly Val Phe Ile Ala Ala Glu Lys Arg (CENP-35) Lys Gln Trp Thr Leu Tyr Ser Val Ser Pro Leu Tyr Lys Phe Ser Ser Ala Asp Leu Lys Asp Tyr Ala Arg Met Leu Gly Val Phe Ile Ala Ala Glu Lys Arg

(CENP−33)Lys Ala Glu Leu Glu Ser Leu Gln Arg Asp Leu Ser Phe Leu Val Lys Phe Thr Gly Ile Gln Ile Thr Ser His Ser Lys Lys Thr Leu Glu Lys Thr Gly Asn Arg (CENP-33) Lys Ala Glu Leu Glu Ser Leu Gln Arg Asp Leu Ser Phe Leu Val Lys Phe Thr Gly Ile Gln Ile Thr Ser His Ser Lys Lys Thr Leu Glu Lys Thr Gly Asn Arg

(CENP−30)Arg Asn Pro Glu Leu Ile Ser Thr Asn Pro Glu Val Leu Leu Leu Leu Gly Glu Glu Glu Leu Gln Lys (CENP-30) Arg Asn Pro Glu Leu Ile Ser Thr Asn Pro Glu Val Leu Leu Leu Leu Gly Glu Glu Glu Leu Gln Lys

(CENP−17)Asn Val Gln Ala Ser Leu Ala Tyr Val Asp Val Arg Phe Phe Leu Gly Lys Val Cys Phe Leu Val Thr Gly Val Gly Arg Ala Asn Asn Cys Ser Val Glu Met (CENP-17) Asn Val Gln Ala Ser Leu Ala Tyr Val Asp Val Arg Phe Phe Leu Gly Lys Val Cys Phe Leu Val Thr Gly Val Gly Arg Ala Asn Asn Cys Ser Val Glu Met

CENP−I−GFP、CENP−H−GFP、あるいはCENP−H−3×FLAG融合タンパクを発現する細胞を大量培養し、クロマチン画分を調製した。抗GFP抗体あるいは抗FLAG抗体を用いてタンパク複合体を免疫沈降し、銀染色によってタンパクを検出した。得られた結果を図1に示す。コントロール実験として、野生型のDT40細胞 (wt)を大量培養し、クロマチン画分を調製して抗GFP抗体あるいは抗FLAG抗体を用いた免疫沈降実験を行った。ここで、検出されるタンパク質は、抗体の非特異的吸着により沈降されるタンパク質である。CENP−I−GFP、CENP−H−GFP、あるいはCENP−H−3×FLAG融合タンパクを発現する細胞で、特異的に沈降され、コントロール実験で沈降される5本のバンドに着目して、それらをCENP−I、CENP−H、CENP−40、CENP−35、CENP−33、CENP−30、CENP−17と命名した。
CENP−40、CENP−35、CENP−33、CENP−30、CENP−17の各タンパクは、CENP−HやCENP−Iと特異的に結合することから、これらが構成的にセントロメアに局在するタンパク複合体であると考えられた。CENP−HをCENP−H−FLAGに置き換えた細胞から調製したサンプルとCENP−IをCENP−I−FLAGに置き換えた細胞から調製したサンプルで共通に見られる5本のバンドを切り出して部分的アミノ酸配列を決定した。
Cells expressing CENP-I-GFP, CENP-H-GFP, or CENP-H-3 × FLAG fusion protein were cultured in large quantities to prepare a chromatin fraction. The protein complex was immunoprecipitated using anti-GFP antibody or anti-FLAG antibody, and the protein was detected by silver staining. The obtained results are shown in FIG. As a control experiment, wild-type DT40 cells (wt) were cultured in large quantities, a chromatin fraction was prepared, and an immunoprecipitation experiment using an anti-GFP antibody or an anti-FLAG antibody was performed. Here, the protein to be detected is a protein that is precipitated by non-specific adsorption of the antibody. Cells that express CENP-I-GFP, CENP-H-GFP, or CENP-H-3xFLAG fusion protein, focusing on the five bands that are specifically precipitated and precipitated in control experiments. Were named CENP-I, CENP-H, CENP-40, CENP-35, CENP-33, CENP-30, and CENP-17.
Since CENP-40, CENP-35, CENP-33, CENP-30, and CENP-17 specifically bind to CENP-H and CENP-I, they are constitutively localized in the centromere. It was thought to be a protein complex. Partial amino acids cut out 5 bands commonly found in samples prepared from cells in which CENP-H was replaced with CENP-H-FLAG and samples prepared from cells in which CENP-I was replaced with CENP-I-FLAG The sequence was determined.

(4)得られた部分アミノ酸配列をもとにプローブを調製し、ニワトリ胚由来のcDNAライブラリーをスクリーングした。各種タンパク質に関して複数種類のcDNAクローンを得て、得られたすべてのcDNAクローンの塩基配列を決定した。その結果すべての 種類のタンパク質に関して開始コドンと予想されるATGが見いだされ、完全長のcDNAの塩基配列が決定できた。(CENP−40が配列番号1及び6、CENP−35が配列番号2及び7、CENP−33が配列番号3及び8、CENP−30が配列番号4及び9、CENP−17が配列番号5及び10にそれぞれ対応する)。それらのcDNAを参考にプライマーを設計して、PCR反応を行いストップコドンをとり除いたcDNAを得て、その断片をpEGFPN1(クローンテック社)のBamHIサイトへクローン化した。それぞれのプラスミドは、ストップコドンが取り除かれてGFPのコード領域と融合している(GFP融合発現プラスミド)。GFP融合発現プラスミドをDT40野生型細胞あるいはCENP−H−RFP発現細胞(セントロメア領域が赤で標識されている細胞)へ導入して、GFP融合タンパク質としてそれぞれのタンパク質を安定に発現させた。それぞれのGFP融合タンパク質の安定発現細胞を集めて、PBSで洗浄後、サイトスピン法によってスライドグラス上に貼付けた。スライドグラスを3%パラホルムアルデヒドに15分間浸透させ、細胞を固定した。細胞をPBSでリンスした後0.3マイクロg/mLのDAPIで細胞核及び染色体を染色した。作成したスライドグラスを蛍光顕微鏡へ供してGFP融合タンパク質の細胞内局在を緑チャンネルで観察した。細胞形態によって、細胞分裂期の細胞と間期の細胞の区別が可能となる。5種類すべてのタンパク質がCENP−HやCENP−Iと同様に細胞周期を通じて点状のドットとして観察された。CENP−Hと局在をともにすることから、すべてのタンパク質が細胞周期を通じてセントロメアへ局在していることが確認できた(図2〜図6)。 (4) A probe was prepared based on the obtained partial amino acid sequence, and a cDNA library derived from a chicken embryo was screened. A plurality of types of cDNA clones were obtained for various proteins, and the base sequences of all the obtained cDNA clones were determined. As a result, ATG expected to be the start codon was found for all types of proteins, and the base sequence of full-length cDNA could be determined. (CENP-40 is SEQ ID NO: 1 and 6, CENP-35 is SEQ ID NO: 2 and 7, CENP-33 is SEQ ID NO: 3 and 8, CENP-30 is SEQ ID NO: 4 and 9, and CENP-17 is SEQ ID NO: 5 and 10. Corresponding to each). Primers were designed with reference to those cDNAs, and a PCR reaction was carried out to obtain cDNA from which the stop codon had been removed. The fragment was cloned into the BamHI site of pEGGFPN1 (Clontech). Each plasmid is fused to the coding region of GFP with the stop codon removed (GFP fusion expression plasmid). The GFP fusion expression plasmid was introduced into DT40 wild type cells or CENP-H-RFP expression cells (cells in which the centromere region was labeled with red), and each protein was stably expressed as a GFP fusion protein. Cells stably expressing each GFP fusion protein were collected, washed with PBS, and pasted on a slide glass by cytospin method. The slide glass was infiltrated with 3% paraformaldehyde for 15 minutes to fix the cells. Cells were rinsed with PBS, and cell nuclei and chromosomes were stained with 0.3 microg / mL DAPI. The prepared slide glass was subjected to a fluorescence microscope, and the intracellular localization of the GFP fusion protein was observed with a green channel. Depending on the cell morphology, it is possible to distinguish between cells in the cell division phase and cells in the interphase. All five proteins were observed as dotted dots throughout the cell cycle, similar to CENP-H and CENP-I. Since it was colocalized with CENP-H, it was confirmed that all proteins were localized to the centromere throughout the cell cycle (FIGS. 2 to 6).

CENP−I−GFP、CENP−H−GFP、あるいはCENP−H−3×FLAG融合タンパク質を発現する細胞から得られた抽出液を、抗GFP抗体あるいは抗FLAG抗体を用いて免疫複合体を免疫沈降させた結果を示す図である。図中、WTは野生株細胞を示す。Immunoprecipitates an immune complex using an anti-GFP antibody or an anti-FLAG antibody from an extract obtained from cells expressing CENP-I-GFP, CENP-H-GFP, or CENP-H-3 × FLAG fusion protein It is a figure which shows the result made to do. In the figure, WT indicates a wild type cell. CENP−40の細胞内局在を示す図である。a、bはM期、cは間期であり、CENP−40は緑、DAPIは青に染色されており、細胞核及び染色体を示している。It is a figure which shows the intracellular localization of CENP-40. a and b are in the M phase, c is in the interphase, CENP-40 is stained green, and DAPI is stained blue, indicating the cell nucleus and chromosome. 融合タンパク質(merge)、DAPI(細胞核)、CENP−35及びCENP−Hの細胞内局在を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the intracellular localization of fusion protein (merge), DAPI (cell nucleus), CENP-35, and CENP-H. 融合タンパク質(merge)、DAPI(細胞核)、CENP−33及びCENP−Hの細胞内局在を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the intracellular localization of fusion protein (merge), DAPI (cell nucleus), CENP-33, and CENP-H. CENP−30の細胞内局在を示す図である。CENP−30は緑、DAPI(細胞核)は青に染色されている。It is a figure which shows the intracellular localization of CENP-30. CENP-30 is stained green and DAPI (cell nucleus) is stained blue. 融合タンパク質(merge)、DAPI(細胞核)及びCENP−17の細胞内局在を示す図である。CENP−17は緑、DAPIは青に染色されている。It is a figure which shows the intracellular localization of fusion protein (merge), DAPI (cell nucleus), and CENP-17. CENP-17 is dyed green and DAPI is dyed blue.

Claims (3)

配列番号5のアミノ酸配列からなるタンパク質、又は配列番号5のアミノ酸配列において1若しくは数個のアミノ酸が欠失、置換若しくは付加されたアミノ酸配列からなり、かつCENP−H及びCENP−Iに結合性を有するタンパク質。 A protein comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 , or an amino acid sequence in which one or several amino acids are deleted, substituted or added in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 , and has binding properties to CENP-H and CENP-I Protein. 請求項1記載のタンパク質をコードする遺伝子。   A gene encoding the protein according to claim 1. 配列番号10の塩基配列からなるDNAである請求項2記載の遺伝子。 The gene according to claim 2, which is a DNA consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10 .
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