JP4630601B2 - Fuel cell system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention provides a power generation cell that sandwiches an electrolyte / electrode structure provided with a pair of electrodes on both sides of an electrolyte with a separator, and at least a flow path for flowing a reaction gas or a cooling medium is formed. The present invention relates to a fuel cell system including a fuel cell provided with a pipe connection portion that communicates with a pipe member attached to the pipe connection portion.

  For example, in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, an electrolyte membrane / electrode structure in which an anode side electrode and a cathode side electrode are provided on both sides of an electrolyte membrane (electrolyte) made of a polymer ion exchange membrane is sandwiched between separators. It has a power generation cell. This type of fuel cell is normally used as a fuel cell stack by stacking a predetermined number of power generation cells.

  In this fuel cell, a fuel gas, for example, a gas mainly containing hydrogen (hereinafter also referred to as hydrogen-containing gas) is supplied to the anode side electrode, while an oxidant gas, for example, A gas or air mainly containing oxygen (hereinafter also referred to as oxygen-containing gas) is supplied. In the fuel gas supplied to the anode side electrode, hydrogen is ionized on the electrode catalyst and moves to the cathode side electrode side through the electrolyte membrane. Electrons generated during that time are taken out to an external circuit and used as direct current electric energy.

  In the fuel cell described above, various piping structures are employed for flowing the fuel gas, the oxidant gas, and the cooling medium. For example, the fuel cell cooling device disclosed in Patent Document 1 includes a cell stack 3 in which a single cell 1 and a cooling plate 2 are combined as shown in FIG. On the peripheral side surface of the cell stack 3, a fuel gas supply manifold 4a and a fuel gas discharge manifold 4b, which are also used as a refrigerant header, an oxidant gas supply manifold 5a and an oxidant gas discharge manifold 5b are disposed. Yes.

  The fuel gas supply manifold 4a is provided with an inlet hollow portion 6a, and one end of a refrigerant tube 8 is connected to the inlet hollow portion 6a via a branch pipe joint 7a. The refrigerant tube 8 is piped by fitting into a concave groove (not shown) provided in the cooling plate 2, and is connected to the outlet hollow portion 6 b via the branch pipe joint 7 b on the side portion of the cell stack 3. Yes.

  The refrigerant tube 8 is a flexible tube having electrical insulation properties, and is made of, for example, a fluororesin (highly resistant to electrolyte phosphoric acid). As a result, it is possible to effectively prevent the formation of an electrical short circuit between the single cells 1.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-82142 (FIG. 1)

  However, in said patent document 1, since the refrigerant | coolant tube 8 is formed with a fluororesin, there exists a problem that it is easy to deform | transform compared with metal piping, for example, and durability falls. In addition, there is a problem in that a change in shaft diameter with respect to a temperature change is caused, and a desired sealing property cannot be maintained depending on the operating environment. In addition, deterioration with time may be caused by repeated changes in the shaft diameter.

  The present invention solves this type of problem, and provides a fuel cell system that has a simple structure, excellent electrical insulation, and can satisfactorily prevent dimensional changes and deterioration over time with respect to temperature changes. For the purpose.

  The present invention provides a power generation cell that sandwiches an electrolyte / electrode structure provided with a pair of electrodes on both sides of an electrolyte with a separator, and at least a flow path for flowing a reaction gas or a cooling medium is formed. A fuel cell system comprising a fuel cell provided with a connecting pipe connection portion and a piping member attached to the piping connection portion.

  The piping member has an electrically insulating resin piping main body and a connecting portion provided in the electrically insulating resin piping main body and connected to the pipe connecting portion. A reinforcing member having a linear expansion coefficient lower than that of the electrically insulating resin pipe main body is provided.

  The piping member has an electrically insulating resin piping main body and a connecting portion provided on the electrically insulating resin piping main body and connected to the pipe connecting portion, and on the inner periphery, outer periphery, or inside of the connecting portion. Is provided with a reinforcing member having a Young's modulus higher than that of the electrically insulating resin pipe main body.

  Further, the fuel cell includes a laminate in which a plurality of power generation cells are laminated, has a pair of end plates that sandwich the laminate, the flow path being formed so as to penetrate in the lamination direction of the laminate, One end plate is preferably provided with a pipe connecting portion.

  According to the present invention, since the reinforcing member is provided at the connecting portion connected to the pipe connecting portion of the fuel cell, the dimensional change with respect to the temperature change of the connecting portion is favorably suppressed. Accordingly, the connecting portion of the piping member can be prevented from being deteriorated in sealing performance due to temperature change and improved in durability with a simple configuration. And the piping member is provided with the electrical insulation resin piping main body, and can ensure desired electrical insulation.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a fuel cell system 10 according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

  The fuel cell system 10 is mounted on a vehicle such as an automobile, for example, and includes a fuel cell stack 14 connected to the piping structure 12. The fuel cell stack 14 includes a stacked body 18 in which a plurality of power generation cells 16 are stacked in the direction of arrow A, and end plates 20 a and 20 b are disposed at both ends of the stacked body 18 in the stacking direction. The end plates 20a and 20b are fastened in the stacking direction (arrow A direction) by fastening bolts (not shown).

  As shown in FIG. 2, each power generation cell 16 includes an electrolyte membrane / electrode structure (electrolyte / electrode structure) 22, and a thin plate-shaped first and second metal sandwiching the electrolyte membrane / electrode structure 22. Separators 24 and 26 are provided.

  An oxidant gas supply for supplying an oxidant gas, for example, an oxygen-containing gas, to one end edge of the power generation cell 16 in the long side direction (the arrow B direction in FIG. 2) communicates with each other in the arrow A direction. A communication hole (flow path) 28a, a cooling medium supply communication hole (flow path) 30a for supplying a cooling medium, and a fuel gas discharge communication hole (flow path) 32b for discharging a fuel gas, for example, a hydrogen-containing gas. Is provided.

  The other end edge of the power generation cell 16 in the long side direction communicates with each other in the direction of arrow A, and a fuel gas supply communication hole (flow path) 32a for supplying fuel gas, and cooling for discharging the cooling medium. A medium discharge communication hole (flow channel) 30b and an oxidant gas discharge communication hole (flow channel) 28b for discharging the oxidant gas are provided.

  The electrolyte membrane / electrode structure 22 includes, for example, a solid polymer electrolyte membrane 34 in which a perfluorosulfonic acid thin film is impregnated with water, and an anode side electrode 36 and a cathode side electrode 38 that sandwich the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 34. With.

  The anode side electrode 36 and the cathode side electrode 38 are uniformly coated on the surface of the gas diffusion layer with a gas diffusion layer (not shown) made of carbon paper or the like and porous carbon particles carrying a platinum alloy on the surface. And an electrode catalyst layer (not shown) formed. The electrode catalyst layers are formed on both sides of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 34.

  The first metal separator 24 is provided with a fuel gas flow path 40 that communicates the fuel gas supply communication hole 32 a and the fuel gas discharge communication hole 32 b on the surface facing the electrolyte membrane / electrode structure 22. The first metal separator 24 is provided with a cooling medium flow path 42 that communicates the cooling medium supply communication hole 30a and the cooling medium discharge communication hole 30b on the opposite surface.

  The second metal separator 26 is provided with an oxidant gas flow path 44 on the surface facing the electrolyte membrane / electrode structure 22, and the oxidant gas flow path 44 communicates with the oxidant gas supply communication hole 28 a and the oxidant gas discharge communication. It communicates with the hole 28b. The second metal separator 26 overlaps with the first metal separator 24 on the opposite surface, and the cooling medium flow path 42 is integrally formed.

  The fuel gas flow path 40, the cooling medium flow path 42, and the oxidant gas flow path 44 are configured by, for example, a plurality of grooves extending in the direction of arrow B. A seal member (not shown) is integrally formed on the peripheral portions of the surfaces of the first and second metal separators 24 and 26.

  On the end plate 20 a, pipe connection portions 46 and 48 are provided individually or integrally on the surface opposite to the laminated body 18. In the pipe connection portion 46, connection tubular portions 50a, 52a and 54b are formed to bulge in the direction of arrow A, and the oxidant gas supply communication holes 28a, Hole portions 51a, 53a and 55b communicating with the coolant supply passage 30a and the fuel gas discharge passage 32b are formed. Screw holes 58 are provided at the ends of the cylindrical portions 50a, 52a, and 54b in parallel with the holes 51a, 53a, and 55b, respectively.

  The pipe connecting portion 48 includes connecting tubular portions 54a, 52b in which holes 55a, 53b, and 51b communicating with the fuel gas supply communication hole 32a, the cooling medium discharge communication hole 30b, and the oxidant gas discharge communication hole 28b are formed. 50b bulges in the direction of arrow A. Screw holes 58 are formed at the ends of the cylindrical portions 54a, 52b and 50b in parallel with the holes 55a, 53b and 51b, respectively.

  The piping structure 12 includes piping members 60a and 60b attached to the tubular portions 50a and 50b, piping members 62a and 62b attached to the tubular portions 52a and 52b, and piping attached to the tubular portions 54a and 54b. Members 64a and 64b.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the piping members 60 a and 60 b constitute an oxidant gas supply unit 66. The oxidant gas supply unit 66 is provided with a supercharger (or pump) 68 for supplying compressed air, and the supercharger 68 is connected to a humidifier 70. Although not shown, the humidifier 70 uses a water permeable membrane, a hollow fiber membrane or the like, and used air flowing through the piping member 60b by connecting the piping members 60a and 60b to the humidifier 70. Therefore, the air before reaction flowing through the piping member 60a is humidified.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the piping members 64 a and 64 b constitute a fuel gas supply unit 72. The fuel gas supply unit 72 includes a hydrogen tank 74. On the outlet side of the hydrogen tank 74, a regulator 76 for reducing the hydrogen gas supplied from the hydrogen tank 74 to a predetermined pressure is disposed. An ejector 78 is disposed downstream of the regulator 76. Piping members 64a and 64b are connected to the ejector 78, and the piping member 64b constitutes a hydrogen circulation flow path for returning the used fuel gas (off-gas) to the piping member 64a so as to reuse the fuel gas. .

  As shown in FIG. 5, the piping member 60 a includes an electrically insulating resin piping main body 80 and a first connecting portion 82 a provided at one end of the piping main body 80 and connected to the tubular portion 50 a of the pipe connecting portion 46. And a second connection part 82 b provided at the other end of the pipe body 80 and connected to the humidifier 70.

  The first connecting portion 82a is provided with a flange portion 84, and a set screw 88 is inserted into a hole portion 86 formed in the flange portion 84 and a screw hole 58 formed in the tubular portion 50a. One connecting portion 82 a is fixed to the pipe connecting portion 46. A sleeve member 90 is attached to the inner periphery of the first connecting portion 82a. The inner peripheral surface 90a of the sleeve member 90 and the inner peripheral surface 92 of the first connecting portion 82a are set to have substantially the same diameter.

The sleeve member 90 is made of a material having a lower linear expansion coefficient than the pipe body 80. The pipe body 80 is made of, for example, a fluorine-based resin, and its linear expansion coefficient is about 10 ⁻⁴ / ° C. with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).

The sleeve member 90 is made of metal such as stainless steel (SUS) or titanium. The linear expansion coefficient of stainless steel is about 1.7 × 10 ⁻⁵ / ° C., and the linear expansion coefficient of titanium is about 8.8 × 10 ⁻⁶ / ° C. The sleeve member 90 may be made of a resin having a lower linear expansion coefficient than that of the pipe body 80. For example, an FRP resin having a linear expansion coefficient of about 10 ⁻⁵ / ° C. may be used.

  A sleeve member 94 is similarly mounted as a reinforcing member on the inner periphery of the second connecting portion 82b. The sleeve member 94 is configured in the same manner as the sleeve member 90 described above.

  While the piping member 60b is configured in the same manner as the piping member 60a described above, the piping members 62a, 62b, 64a and 64b are made of metal or at least on the inner periphery of the connecting portion connected to the pipe connecting portions 46 and 48. A sleeve (not shown) made of FRP resin or the like is attached. The piping members 62a and 62b constitute a cooling medium circulation system (not shown), and the cooling medium discharged from the piping member 62b by a pump or the like is circulated and supplied to the piping member 62a.

  The operation of the fuel cell system 10 configured as described above will be described below.

  First, as shown in FIG. 3, compressed air is supplied to the humidifier 70 through the supercharger 68 in the oxidant gas supply unit 66. The humidifier 70 is supplied with off-gas, which has been reacted air used for power generation of the fuel cell stack 14, via the piping member 60b, and humidifies the air before use from the off-gas. The humidified air is supplied to the oxidant gas supply communication hole 28a of the fuel cell stack 14 through the piping member 60a.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 4, in the fuel gas supply unit 72, the fuel gas supplied from the hydrogen tank 74 is reduced to a predetermined pressure via the regulator 76. Further, the fuel gas is supplied from the ejector 78 through the piping member 64 a to the fuel gas supply communication hole 32 a of the fuel cell stack 14.

  As shown in FIG. 2, in the fuel cell stack 14, oxidant gas is introduced into the oxidant gas flow path 44 of the second metal separator 26 from the oxidant gas supply communication hole 28 a, and the electrolyte membrane / electrode structure 22. It moves along the cathode side electrode 38. On the other hand, the fuel gas is introduced into the fuel gas flow path 40 of the first metal separator 24 from the fuel gas supply communication hole 32 a and moves along the anode side electrode 36 of the electrolyte membrane / electrode structure 22.

  Therefore, in each electrolyte membrane / electrode structure 22, the oxidant gas supplied to the cathode side electrode 38 and the fuel gas supplied to the anode side electrode 36 are consumed by an electrochemical reaction in the electrode catalyst layer, Power generation is performed.

  Next, the oxidant gas consumed by being supplied to the cathode side electrode 38 flows along the oxidant gas discharge communication hole 28b, and then is discharged to the piping member 60b connected to the end plate 20a. Similarly, the fuel gas consumed by being supplied to the anode side electrode 36 is discharged to the fuel gas discharge communication hole 32b, flows, and discharged to the piping member 64b connected to the end plate 20a.

  Further, the cooling medium is supplied from the piping member 62 a to the cooling medium supply communication hole 30 a in the fuel cell stack 14. The cooling medium is introduced into the cooling medium flow path 42 between the first and second metal separators 24 and 26 and then flows along the arrow B direction. The cooling medium cools the electrolyte membrane / electrode structure 22, then moves through the cooling medium discharge communication hole 30 b and is discharged to the piping member 62 b connected to the end plate 20 a for circulation.

  In this case, in the first embodiment, the piping member 60a is provided with the piping main body 80 made of an electrically insulating resin, so that the piping member 60a can ensure desired electrical insulation. Moreover, a sleeve member 90 is mounted on the inner periphery of the first connecting portion 82a provided on the pipe body 80 and connected to the tubular portion 50a of the pipe connecting portion 46 of the fuel cell stack 14 as a reinforcing member. .

  Normally, in the fuel cell system 10, the operating temperature of the power generation cell 16 is about 80 ° C., but when used in a cold region, the temperature may be as low as −30 ° C. or less. For this reason, a relatively large temperature change is likely to occur in the piping member 60a.

  Therefore, in the first embodiment, the sleeve member 90 is made of metal, FRP resin, or the like having a lower linear expansion coefficient than the pipe main body 80, and the dimensional change of the first connecting portion 82a is satisfactorily suppressed. Therefore, the first connecting portion 82a has a simple configuration, and it is possible to prevent the deterioration of the sealing performance due to the temperature change and to improve the durability. In addition, the same effect as said piping member 60a is acquired also in the other piping members 60b, 62a, 62b, 64a, and 64b.

  FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional explanatory view of the piping member 100 constituting the fuel cell system according to the second embodiment of the present invention. The same components as those of the fuel cell system 10 according to the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted. Similarly, in the third embodiment described below, detailed description thereof is omitted.

  The piping member 100 is provided with a pipe body 102 made of an electrically insulating resin, and one end portion of the pipe body 102 is provided with, for example, a connecting portion 104 connected to the cylindrical portion 50a. A sleeve member 106 is attached to the outer periphery of the connecting portion 104 as a reinforcing member having a lower linear expansion coefficient and a higher Young's modulus than the pipe main body 102. The sleeve member 106 is configured similarly to the sleeve member 90. The sleeve member 106 only needs to have a Young's modulus higher than that of at least the pipe main body 102. Therefore, the sleeve member 106 is more difficult to bend than the pipe body 102, and deterioration with time due to dimensional changes can be satisfactorily suppressed even with repeated temperature changes.

  FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional explanatory view of the piping member 110 constituting the fuel cell system according to the third embodiment of the present invention.

  The piping member 110 includes a pipe body 112 made of an electrically insulating resin, and one end portion of the pipe body 112 is provided with a connecting portion 114 that is connected to the tubular portion 50a, for example. A sleeve member 116 is embedded in the connecting portion 114 as a reinforcing member having a lower linear expansion coefficient (and / or a higher Young's modulus) than the pipe main body 112. The sleeve member 116 is configured in the same manner as the sleeve member 90.

  In the second and third embodiments configured as described above, the sleeve members 106 and 116 are provided in the connecting portions 104 and 114, and the same effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained.

1 is a schematic perspective view of a fuel cell system according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a principal part disassembled perspective explanatory drawing of the fuel cell stack which comprises the said fuel cell system. It is a schematic explanatory drawing of an oxidizing gas supply part. It is a schematic explanatory drawing of a fuel gas supply part. It is a partial cross section figure of the state where the piping member which comprises the said fuel cell system was connected with the piping connection part. It is a partial explanatory view of a piping member constituting a fuel cell system according to a second embodiment of the present invention. It is a partial explanatory view of a piping member constituting a fuel cell system according to a third embodiment of the present invention. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a fuel cell cooling device disclosed in Patent Document 1. FIG.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Fuel cell system 12 ... Piping structure 14 ... Fuel cell stack 16 ... Power generation cell 18 ... Laminated body 20a, 20b ... End plate 28a ... Oxidant gas supply communication hole 28b ... Oxidant gas discharge communication hole 30a ... Cooling medium supply communication Hole 30b ... Cooling medium discharge communication hole 32a ... Fuel gas supply communication hole 32b ... Fuel gas discharge communication hole 34 ... Solid polymer electrolyte membrane 36 ... Anode side electrode 38 ... Cathode side electrode 40 ... Fuel gas flow path 42 ... Cooling medium flow Channel 44 ... Oxidant gas channel 46, 48 ... Piping connection 50a, 50b, 52a, 52b, 54a, 54b ... Cylindrical portion 60a, 60b, 62a, 62b, 64a, 64b, 100, 110 ... Piping member 66 ... Oxidant gas supply unit 70 ... Humidifier 72 ... Fuel gas supply unit 80, 102, 112 ... Piping bodies 82a, 82b, 104, 114 ... Forming part 90,94,106,116 ... sleeve member

Claims (3)

A power generation cell that sandwiches an electrolyte / electrode structure provided with a pair of electrodes on both sides of the electrolyte by a separator is provided, and at least a flow path for flowing a reaction gas or a cooling medium is formed, and a pipe connection that communicates with the flow path A fuel cell provided with a section;
A piping member attached to the piping connection part;
With
The piping member is an electrically insulating resin piping main body,
A connecting portion provided in the electrically insulating resin piping main body and connected to the piping connecting portion;
And having
A sleeve-like reinforcing member made of metal or FRP resin having a lower linear expansion coefficient than the electrically insulating resin pipe main body is mounted or embedded in the inner periphery, outer periphery, or inside of the connecting portion. Fuel cell system. A power generation cell that sandwiches an electrolyte / electrode structure provided with a pair of electrodes on both sides of the electrolyte by a separator is provided, and at least a flow path for flowing a reaction gas or a cooling medium is formed, and a pipe connection that communicates with the flow path A fuel cell provided with a section;
A piping member attached to the piping connection part;
With
The piping member is an electrically insulating resin piping main body,
A connecting portion provided in the electrically insulating resin piping main body and connected to the piping connecting portion;
And having
A sleeve-like reinforcing member having a lower linear expansion coefficient than the electrically insulating resin pipe body and a higher Young's modulus than the electrically insulating resin pipe body is mounted or embedded in the inner periphery, outer periphery, or inside of the connecting portion. fuel cell system, characterized in that it is. 3. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the fuel cell includes a stacked body in which a plurality of the power generation cells are stacked, and the flow path is formed so as to penetrate in the stacking direction of the stacked body,
A fuel cell system comprising a pair of end plates for sandwiching the laminate, wherein at least one end plate is provided with the pipe connecting portion.

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