JP4625449B2 - 水素に富むガスを発生させるための炭化水素の触媒による変換のための方法及び装置 - Google Patents
水素に富むガスを発生させるための炭化水素の触媒による変換のための方法及び装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4625449B2 JP4625449B2 JP2006508264A JP2006508264A JP4625449B2 JP 4625449 B2 JP4625449 B2 JP 4625449B2 JP 2006508264 A JP2006508264 A JP 2006508264A JP 2006508264 A JP2006508264 A JP 2006508264A JP 4625449 B2 JP4625449 B2 JP 4625449B2
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- exhaust gas
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- hydrogen
- catalyst
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 195
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 74
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 3
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002453 autothermal reforming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 diesel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明は、炭化水素の触媒による変換に関する。
水素は多くの化学プロセスのための重要な要素であり、数多くの技術手法において使用されている。水素は、例えば燃料電池を搭載した車両における電気エネルギーの発生のための燃料として必要とされている。しかしながら、水素貯蔵の危険性のために、水素は典型的には自動車上には貯蔵されない。その代わりに、水素を含有するガス流を形成させるためにガソリン又はディーゼル燃料から水素を車両内で製造するための装置及び方法が開発されてきた。
本発明は炭化水素の触媒による変換に向けたものであり、かつ炭化水素を発生させるための装置、該装置を使用するための方法及び水素に富むガス流を発生させるための方法を提供する。生じるガス流を、例えば燃料電池、粒子フィルター及びNOx吸蔵触媒といった装置にさらすことができる。
a)第一の排気ガス導管、ここで、前記の第一の排気ガス導管は第一の部分排気ガス流を通過させることができる;
b)前記の第一の排気ガス導管内に連続して配置されている燃料噴射装置及び改質触媒;及び
c)第二の排気ガス導管、ここで、前記の第二の排気ガス導管は第二の部分排気ガス流を通過させることができる
を含む、炭化水素の触媒による変換のための装置を提供する。
a)燃料を希薄な排気ガス流に導入し、その標準化された空気/燃料比を1以下の値に低下させ、かつ前記の排気ガス流を改質触媒に導通させる工程、
b)触媒上で噴射燃料の第一の部分を燃焼させ、前記触媒を改質温度に加熱する工程;及び
c)前記の噴射燃料の第二の部分を、一酸化炭素及び水素を含有するガスに変換する工程
を含む。
図1:本発明による装置の所定の実施態様の概略図を示す。
本発明は、水素に富むガスを発生させるための炭化水素の触媒による変換に向けたものである。装置、該装置を使用するための方法及びプロセスが提供される。
Claims (14)
- 炭化水素の自己熱水蒸気改質のための装置において、前記装置が、
a)第一の排気ガス導管、ここで、前記の第一の排気ガス導管は第一の部分排気ガス流を通過させることができる;
b)前記の第一の排気ガス導管内において連続して配置されている燃料噴射装置及び改質触媒;及び
c)第二の排気ガス導管、ここで、前記の第二の排気ガス導管は第二の部分排気ガス流を通過させることができる
を含み、
前記第一の排気ガス導管は、外側表面領域と内側表面領域とを含む導管片であり、当該導管片は、前記第二の部分排気ガス流が前記第一の排気ガス導管の外側表面に沿って通過するように、前記第二の排気ガス導管の完全に内側に位置している、
ことを特徴とする、炭化水素の自己熱水蒸気改質のための装置。 - 前記装置が更に、前記の第一の排気ガス導管と前記の第二の排気ガス導管との間に排気ガスの部分流を制御するための手段を含む、請求項1記載の装置。
- 前記の改質触媒の下流で、前記の第一の排気ガス流と前記の第二の排気ガス流とが合流排気ガス流を形成するように構成されており、
前記装置は、さらに、前記合流排気ガス流を大気中への放出前に浄化するための排気ガス浄化ユニットを含む、
請求項2記載の装置。 - 前記の排気ガス浄化ユニットが連続してディーゼル酸化触媒及び粒子フィルターを含む、請求項3記載の装置。
- 前記の排気ガス浄化ユニットが窒素酸化物吸蔵触媒を含む、請求項3記載の装置。
- 更に、前記の第一の排気ガス導管内でかつ前記の改質触媒の下流に配置されている固体酸化物燃料電池を含む、請求項1記載の装置。
- ディーゼル機関及び請求項1の装置を含む自動車用エンジン。
- 水素及び一酸化炭素に富む排気ガスを発生させるための方法において、前記方法が、
a)排気ガス流を、希薄な第一の排気ガス流と、第二の排気ガス流とに分流する工程、
b)燃料を前記の希薄な排気ガス流に導入し、その標準化された空気/燃料比を1以下の値に低下させ、かつ前記の排気ガス流を改質触媒に導通させる工程、
c)触媒上で噴射燃料の第一の部分を燃焼させ、改質触媒を改質温度に加熱する工程;及び
d)前記の噴射燃料の第二の部分を、一酸化炭素及び水素を含有するガスに変換する工程
を含み、
前記第二の排気ガス流の熱を、前記希薄な第一の排気ガス流を加熱するために利用するとともに、改質条件の確立を助長するために利用する、
ことを特徴とする、水素及び一酸化炭素に富む排気ガスを発生させるための方法。 - 前記の一酸化炭素及び水素を含有するガスを前記の第二の排気ガス流と合流させ、一酸化炭素及び水素に富む合流排気ガス流を形成させる、請求項8記載の方法。
- 前記の合流排気ガス流を大気中に放出する前に排気ガス浄化ユニット内で処理する、請求項9記載の方法。
- NOx吸蔵触媒を再生するための方法において、請求項9記載の方法を含み、かつ水素に富む前記の合流排気ガスをNOx吸蔵触媒にさらすことを特徴とする、NOx吸蔵触媒を再生するための方法。
- 粒子フィルターを再生するための方法において、請求項9記載の方法を含み、かつ水素に富む前記の合流排気ガスを粒子フィルターにさらすことを特徴とする、粒子フィルターを再生するための方法。
- 燃料電池における発電のための方法において、請求項8記載の一酸化炭素及び水素を含有するガスを燃料として燃料電池にさらすことを特徴とする、燃料電池における発電のための方法。
- 自己熱水蒸気改質のための装置を用いる方法において、前記の方法が自動車を運転することを含み、その際、前記の自動車が請求項1の装置を含むことを特徴とする、自己熱水蒸気改質のための装置を用いる方法。
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EP03012918A EP1484103A1 (en) | 2003-06-06 | 2003-06-06 | Process and apparatus for catalytic conversion of hydrocarbons for generating a gas rich in hydrogen |
PCT/EP2004/006006 WO2004110596A1 (en) | 2003-06-06 | 2004-06-03 | Process and apparatus for catalytic conversion of hydrocarbons for generating a gas rich in hydrogen |
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CA2540144C (en) | 2003-09-25 | 2011-09-20 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Solid oxide fuel cell-based auxiliary power unit |
DE102004062152A1 (de) * | 2004-12-23 | 2006-07-13 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | System aus einer Brennstoffzelle und einer Brennkraftmaschine |
US8006484B2 (en) * | 2005-02-14 | 2011-08-30 | Eaton Corporation | Systems and methods for reducing emissions of internal combustion engines using a fuel processor bypass |
DE102005025455B4 (de) * | 2005-06-02 | 2009-03-19 | Enerday Gmbh | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Reinigung von Abgasen eines Verbrennungsmotors |
US7721532B2 (en) * | 2005-06-30 | 2010-05-25 | General Electric Company | Method and system for regeneration of a catalyst |
DE102005039630B4 (de) * | 2005-08-20 | 2007-08-02 | Technische Universität Kaiserslautern | Vorrichtung, Reaktor und Verfahren zur Reduzierung von Stickoxyden im Abgasstrom von Verbrennungskraftmaschinen |
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CN100439697C (zh) * | 2007-01-19 | 2008-12-03 | 合肥工业大学 | 具有燃料重整机构的柴油机排放系统 |
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US20100251700A1 (en) * | 2009-04-02 | 2010-10-07 | Basf Catalysts Llc | HC-SCR System for Lean Burn Engines |
GB2485362A (en) * | 2010-11-11 | 2012-05-16 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Gasoline engine exhaust manifold comprising a reforming catalyst |
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US20130216473A1 (en) * | 2012-02-22 | 2013-08-22 | International Engine Intellectual Property Company, Llc | Catalytic fuel vaporizer and fuel reformer assembly |
US8959901B2 (en) * | 2013-04-29 | 2015-02-24 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Metal-gas battery system |
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