JP4614717B2 - Directional control valve - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a directional control valve capable of performing flow rate control on a single-acting actuator.

  Conventionally, for example, the lowering control of a lift cylinder of a forklift has been performed by controlling the return flow rate from the bottom chamber of the lift cylinder by a direction control valve for the lift cylinder. At this time, the return flow rate is controlled by one port arranged in the direction control valve. Further, in order to limit the descending speed of the fork even when the load pressure in the lift cylinder is high, a circuit configuration in which a flow rate adjusting valve is disposed between the lift cylinder and the direction control valve has been used.

  A cylinder control device (see Patent Document 1) in which a flow rate adjusting valve is provided in a direction control valve instead of providing a flow rate adjusting valve between the lift cylinder and the direction control valve has been proposed. In the cylinder control device described in Patent Document 1, FIG. 3 shows a device in which a flow rate adjusting valve is disposed between a lift cylinder and a directional control valve described as the prior art. Moreover, the cylinder control apparatus which provided the flow volume adjustment valve in the direction control valve was shown in FIG.

  The conventional apparatus shown in FIG. 3 is an apparatus that controls the cylinder 150 of the forklift. The cylinder port 122 of the spool valve 121 is connected to the bottom chamber 123 of the cylinder 150. Between the cylinder port 122 and the bottom chamber 123, a check valve 124 and a flow regulator valve 127 functioning as the above-described flow rate adjusting valve are provided in parallel. The check valve 124 is arranged to allow only the flow from the cylinder port 122 to the bottom chamber 123 of the cylinder 150.

  As shown in FIG. 3, when the spool 121a is moved to the right from the state where the spool 121a of the spool valve 121 is in the neutral position, the supply passage 128 and the cylinder port 122 are formed in the spool 121a. It communicates via one annular groove 129.

  At this time, the pressure oil supplied from the pump port 130 is supplied to the bottom chamber 123 of the cylinder 150 via the flow path 131 → the supply passage 128 → the first annular groove 129 → the cylinder port 122 → the check valve 124, and the fork Increase 148. Thereafter, when the spool 121a is returned to the neutral position shown in FIG. 3, the supply of pressure oil to the bottom chamber 123 is stopped, the spool 121a is held in the neutral position, and the fork 148 is held upward.

  When the spool 121a is moved leftward in FIG. 3 from the state in which the fork 148 is held upward, the return passage 133 communicates with the cylinder port 122 through the first annular groove 129. At this time, the bottom chamber 123 of the cylinder 150 communicates with the return passage 133 via the flow regulator valve 127 → the cylinder port 122 → the first annular groove 129. As a result, the fork 148 can be lowered by its own weight.

  In this conventional circuit configuration, one cylinder port 122 is used as a port in the directional control valve when flowing from the bottom chamber 123 to the tank. The descending speed of the fork 148 is controlled by the amount of pressure oil flowing out from the cylinder 150. This outflow amount is controlled by the opening degree of the flow regulator valve 127 and the opening degree of the flow path formed when the first annular groove 129 faces the return passage 133.

  In the range where the flow rate flowing out from the bottom chamber 123 does not exceed the set flow rate of the flow regulator valve 127, the descending speed of the fork 148 is controlled according to the stroke position of the spool 121a by manual operation.

  The cylinder control device according to the invention of Patent Document 1 shown in FIG. 4 is characterized in that a pilot operated check valve 134 is housed in the cylinder port 122. The spring box 135 in which the poppet 134 a of the pilot operated check valve 134 is internally provided is provided with a spring 136 so that the poppet 134 a is pressed against the seat portion 137.

  An orifice 138 is formed in the poppet 134 a, and the cylinder side 122 b and the spring box 135 communicate with each other through the orifice 138. Reference numeral 146 denotes a ball-shaped stopper, which is used as a seal member for closing the opening end when the pilot passage 139 is formed.

  The spool 121 a is formed with a drill hole 141, a communication hole 144, and a regulator chamber 125. The regulator chamber 125 includes a spool 126 biased by a spring 149. The spool 126 is held in the neutral position shown in FIG. 4 by the action of the spring 149. When the spool 126 is in the neutral position, the drill hole 141 and the communication hole 144 are kept fully open with respect to the annular recess 126c. When the spool 126 moves in the right direction in FIG. 4 against the spring 149, the opening of the drill hole 141 is gradually reduced by the tapered portion formed in the control portion 126a, and finally the drill hole is formed by the control portion 126a. 141 can be closed.

  An outflow hole 142 is formed in the first annular groove 129 on the left side of the spool 121a. One end of the outflow hole 142 is always open to the first annular groove 129, and the other end communicates with the return passage 133 when the spool 121a moves to the left side.

  The operation will be described. When the spool 121a moves to the right in FIG. 4, the supply passage 128 and the spool valve side 122a of the cylinder port 122 communicate with each other. The pressure oil discharged from the pump pushes and opens the poppet 134 a of the pilot operated check valve 134 and is introduced into the bottom chamber 123 of the cylinder 150 to raise the fork 148.

  When the spool 121a is returned to the neutral position shown in FIG. 4 from this state, the bottom chamber 123 is closed by the poppet 134a of the pilot operated check valve 134, and the fork 148 can be held at a predetermined height position.

  When the spool 121a moves to the left in FIG. 4, the drill hole 141 opens the pilot port 140. The pressure oil returning from the bottom chamber 123 to the cylinder port 122 passes through the orifice 138 → the spring box 135 → the pilot passage 139 → the pilot port 140, that is, the pilot passage, and further the drill hole 141 → the annular recess 126c → the communication hole. 144 → flows through the second annular groove 132 to the return passage 133.

  At this time, a pressure difference is generated before and after the orifice 138. The poppet 134 a moves against the spring 136 due to the pressure upstream of the orifice 138 and opens the seat portion 137. When the seat portion 137 is opened, the pressure oil in the bottom chamber 123 flows out into the return passage 133 via the spool side 122 a of the cylinder port 122 → the outflow hole 142.

  At this time, the fluid pressure on the spool side 122a acts on the pressure receiving portion 126a of the spool 126 via the regulator passage 143 formed in the spool 121a. The hydraulic pressure in the return passage 133 acts on the pressure receiving portion 126 b that faces the spring chamber 145.

  If the load of the fork 148 is large and the descending speed of the fork 148 is increased with respect to the switching stroke of the spool 121a, the amount of pressure oil flowing out from the bottom chamber 123 increases. The differential pressure increases. When this differential pressure becomes equal to or higher than the set pressure of the spring 149 acting on the spool 126, the spool 126 moves to a position that balances the urging force of the spring 149 while bending the spring 149. In this way, the opening degree of the drill hole 141 can be controlled by the control unit 126a.

When the opening of the drill hole 141 is decreased, the pressure in the spring box 135 of the poppet 134a is increased, and the poppet 134a is moved to narrow the flow path between the poppet 134a and the sheet portion 137. Thereby, the flow volume which flows into the spool valve side 122a of the cylinder port 122 can be restrict | limited.
Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 6-45682

  In the conventional apparatus described in Patent Document 1, the flow rate control of the return pressure oil from the cylinder 150 is performed by one cylinder port 122 arranged on the spool valve 121. For this reason, in order to increase the control amount of the return pressure oil, the flow path area from the cylinder port 122 in the spool valve 121 has to be increased. In order to increase the control flow rate, it is necessary to use a directional control valve having a large size, and there is a problem that a space for installing the directional control valve becomes large.

  In the cylinder control device of the invention described in Patent Document 1, the lowering speed of the fork 148 can be controlled regardless of the load applied to the fork 148, and the lowering speed according to the switching stroke of the spool 121a. The fork 148 can be lowered.

  However, similarly to the conventional device described in Patent Document 1, in the return circuit from the cylinder 150, the flow rate of the return pressure oil is controlled by one cylinder port 122. For this reason, there has been a problem that control of a large return flow rate cannot be performed as in the conventional apparatus. At first glance, FIG. 4 shows that the pilot port 140 is used as an outflow port of the cylinder 150. The pilot port 140 is a port for controlling the moving position of the spool 126, and opens and closes the poppet 134a. Used as a control port.

  For this reason, the pilot port 140 is not used as a port for allowing the return pressure oil from the cylinder 150 to flow out. Further, in the flow rate adjustment by the spool 126 and the poppet 134a, the operation of the poppet 134a following the operation of the spool 126 becomes a movement close to ON / OFF control, and there is a problem that the controllability is poor.

  In the present invention, the above-mentioned conventional problems are solved, and a large flow rate of return pressure oil can be controlled with a simple configuration and without increasing the space as a directional control valve. An object of the present invention is to provide a directional control valve with improved response characteristics when adjusting the flow rate of oil.

The object of the present invention can be achieved by the inventions described in claims 1 and 2 .
That is, in the present invention, as described in claim 1, in the direction control valve of the single-acting actuator, two actuator ports that act simultaneously are arranged as return ports in the return circuit from the single-acting actuator. The one actuator port communicates with the main spool, the other actuator port communicates with the control spool, and the control spool is formed with a pressure receiving portion receiving a back pressure on the other side with a spring biased, The main spool is configured separately from the control spool, and slides integrally with the control spool abutted by the biasing force of the spring,
An oil chamber where the main spool and the control spool come into contact is connected to a seal drain port formed in the directional control valve, and a circuit for discharging the pressure oil passing through the main spool and a pressure oil passing through the control spool Are connected together and connected to the drain pipe, and the back pressure in the drain pipe acts on the pressure receiving portion of the control spool, and is discharged from the main spool and the control spool. The discharge flow rate is controlled by the sum of the flow rates.

In the present invention, as described in claim 2, the control spool has an area step between a contact surface with the main spool and a pressure receiving surface that presses the spring in the pressure receiving portion of the control spool. An area of a pressure receiving surface that presses the spring is larger than an area of a contact surface with the main spool, and the control spool has a pressing force due to a back pressure acting on the area step portion, and the spring. The second feature is that it is controlled by the spring force .

  In the present invention, the return flow rate from the single-acting actuator can be discharged to the tank line from two ports formed in the direction control valve. For this reason, as a directional control valve, flow control can be performed with respect to the flow rate twice as compared with the case of using one port. In addition, in the directional control valve according to the present invention, the two return ports that act simultaneously as the return pressure oil ports include a directional control valve for a return type actuator generally used as a direction control valve for a single action type actuator. The two return ports can be effectively used.

  That is, when the directional control valve for the return actuator is used as the directional control valve in the present invention, the spool land configuration for sliding the spool in the directional control valve is used as it is, and the directional control valve for the return actuator is used. The two actuator ports can be used simultaneously as return ports from the single-acting actuator. At this time, the directional control valve according to the present invention can be configured by configuring the spool of the directional control valve so that two actuator ports can be used simultaneously as return ports.

  Since the valve configuration of the directional control valve of the return type actuator can be used as it is, the control flow rate in the return circuit is compared with the case where one actuator port is used without changing the space as the directional control valve. Thus, the direction control valve that is doubled can be provided.

In the present invention, for example, when the load pressure of the single-acting actuator is discharged to the tank, the load acting on the single-acting actuator is large and the load pressure increases, and the single-acting actuator is lowered. Even when the speed is increased, the lowering speed of the single-acting actuator can be controlled to a desired speed by the control spool in the directional control valve.

When the pressing force by the back pressure acting on the stepped area of the control spool is smaller than the spring biasing force set in advance, the control spool is in contact with the other main spool divided into two by the spring biasing force. It becomes. The main spool and the control spool operate as an integrated spool and are operated integrally by the spool operating means. Thereby, the direction control valve can exhibit a function as a normal direction control valve.

  As described above, the configuration of the valve body in the directional control valve for the return type actuator that is generally used, or at least the configuration of the cylinder for sliding the spool can be used as it is. As a configuration of the spool sliding in the cylinder, the spool can be divided into two and one of the two divided spools can be configured as a control spool.

When the pressing force due to the back pressure acting on the area step portion of the control spool becomes larger than a preset biasing force of the spring, the control spool is separated from the contact state with the main spool. And while the pressing force by the back pressure which acts on the area level | step-difference part of a control spool is large against the urging | biasing force of the spring which acts on a control spool similarly, a control spool moves to the direction which shrinks | reduces the said spring. And it will be positioned in the position where the pressing force by the back pressure which acts on an area level | step-difference part, and the urging | biasing force of a spring balance. Thereby, the direction control valve can have a function as a flow rate adjusting valve.

  Thus, in the return circuit from the single-acting actuator, depending on the magnitude of the back pressure of the return circuit acting on the control spool, one actuator port can have a function as a flow rate adjusting valve. It can also have the function as.

  Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. As a configuration of the directional control valve of the present invention, a directional control valve that controls the direction of pressure oil with respect to the lift cylinder in the forklift will be described below as an example, but the directional control valve of the present invention is used for a lift cylinder of a forklift. The present invention is not limited to the directional control valve, and can be variously applied as a directional control valve for a single-acting actuator.

  Further, the hydraulic circuit using the directional control valve of the present invention is not limited to the hydraulic circuit described below, and any hydraulic circuit that can solve the problems of the present invention may be used on other hydraulic circuits. The direction control valve of the present invention can be provided. For this reason, this invention is not limited to the Example demonstrated below, A various change is possible.

  FIG. 1 is a hydraulic circuit diagram using a directional control valve according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of the directional control valve according to the present invention. FIG. 1 shows a hydraulic circuit in which an actuator for driving steering of a forklift is shown as a priority actuator, and lift cylinders 13A and 13B for raising and lowering the fork and tilt cylinders 20A and 20B for tilting the mast forward and backward are shown as non-priority actuators FIG. The diversion to the priority actuator and the non-priority actuator can be performed by the load pressure sensitive priority valve 3.

  The pressure oil discharged from the variable displacement pump 1 to the conduit 30 acts on one end surface of the pump displacement control valve 2 through the pilot conduit 31. The other end face of the pump displacement control valve 2 has the highest load among the load pressure of the actuator for driving the steering, the load pressure of the lift cylinders 13A and 13B, and the load pressure of the tilt cylinders 20A and 20B. Pressure is acting through the maximum load pressure sensing line 48.

  As a result, the pump displacement control valve 2 can be controlled according to the differential pressure between the hydraulic pressure of the conduit 30 and the maximum load pressure among the load pressures of the actuator, and the variable displacement pump according to the differential pressure. 1 protruding flow rate can be controlled.

The priority valve 3 has three ports 23 </ b> A to 23 </ b> C, and the port 23 </ b> C is connected to the variable displacement pump 1 through a pipe line 30. The port 23A is connected to the port 24F of the first directional control valve 8 through the pipe line 38, and is connected to the port 25D of the second directional control valve 17 through the check valve 16. The port 23B is connected to an actuator for driving a steering (not shown) via a pipe line 32, and can supply the discharge pressure oil of the variable displacement pump 1 for a priority actuator.

  Further, the output pressure in the pipe line 32 communicates with the load pressure detection line 35 through a pilot pipe line 34-1 and a throttle 57. The output pressure in the pipe line 32 decompressed by the throttle 57 can be the load detection pressure of the actuator that has priority.

  The pilot line 64 merges with the pilot line 36 branched from the load pressure detection line 35, and is connected to one end of the priority valve 7 via the throttle 58. The pressure oil that has passed through the throttle 58 becomes the first detection pressure and acts on the priority valve 3 together with the urging force of the spring 4, and the priority valve 3 can be switched to the first position 3-1 side in FIG.

  The second detection pressure obtained through the throttle 56 disposed in the pilot line 63 and the pilot line 65 is opposite to the first detection pressure, and the priority valve 3 is moved to the third position 3-3 side in FIG. It works to switch.

  When the electromagnetic coil 7 of the electromagnetic switching control valve 5 disposed in the pilot line 36 is excited and the electromagnetic switching control valve 5 is in the open state, the detected pressure of the pilot line 64 is within the load detecting pressure line 35. It becomes equal to the load detection pressure. As the first operating pressure for switching the priority valve 3 to the first position 3-1 side, the load detection pressure in the load detection pressure line 35 and the biasing force of the spring 4 act. At this time, as the second operating pressure for switching the priority valve 3 to the third position 3-3, the output pressure in the pipe line 32 supplied to the steering operation actuator of the steering acts as the second detected pressure.

  When the differential pressure between the second operating pressure and the first operating pressure is greater than or equal to a preset differential pressure for driving the steering drive actuator, the priority valve 3 is driven by the second operating pressure according to the differential pressure. The second position 3-1 is switched to the second position 3-2 and the third position 3-3. Thereby, the pressure oil more than the flow rate required to drive the steering drive operation actuator can be supplied from the pipe line 38 to the lift cylinders 13A and 13B and / or the tilt cylinders 20A and 20B.

  When the electromagnetic switching control valve 5 is switched to the closed state, both the first detection pressure and the second detection pressure become the pilot pressure in the pipe line 32 and become equal pressures. For this reason, the priority valve 3 is switched to the first position 3-1 by the biasing force of the spring 4, and the first position 3-1 state is maintained. At this time, the priority valve 3 is in a state of stopping oil supply to the lift cylinders 13A and 13B and / or the tilt cylinders 20A and 20B, which are other actuators. Further, the priority valve 3 can supply oil only to the actuator to be prioritized, and the state of communication with only the pipe line 32 is maintained.

  As the switching control of the electromagnetic switching control valve 5, for example, switching control can be performed by a seating confirmation switch installed in the driver's seat. That is, when it is detected by the seating confirmation switch that the driver is seated in the driver's seat, the electromagnetic coil 7 of the electromagnetic switching control valve 5 is energized to be in the conductive state, and the pilot line 36 and the load pressure are set. The detection line 35 can be in a conductive state.

The first direction control valve 8 includes 7 ports 24A to 24G, and has a spool that is divided into a main spool 11A and a control spool 11B. One spool constitutes the main spool 11A, and the other spool constitutes the control spool 11B. The actuator port 24B and the actuator port 24D of the first directional control valve 8 merge on the downstream side, and are connected to the lift cylinders 13A and 13B through the pipeline 39 via the pilot check valve 29 .

  The port 24 </ b> A is connected via the pressure chamber of the pilot check valve 29 and the electromagnetic switching control valve 15. A pilot pipe 37 branched from the steering load pressure detection line 35 is connected to the pilot check valve 29, and the hydraulic pressure output from the actuator port 24B of the first directional control valve 8 exceeds the steering load detection pressure. Thus, the hydraulic pressure output from the actuator port 24B can be supplied to the lift cylinders 13A and 13B when the load pressure of the lift cylinders 13A and 13B currently applied becomes equal to or higher.

  In addition, the load pressure sensing port 24C is configured such that when the first directional control valve 8 is in the first position 8-1, the output pressure supplied to the lift cylinders 13A and 13B is used as a pilot pressure via the pilot line 46 to operate the shuttle valve. 21 can be supplied.

  The tank ports 24E and 24G are used as ports for discharging the back pressure discharged from the lift cylinders 13A and 13B to the drain conduit 43, and are also used as ports for operating the control spool 11B using the back pressure as a pilot pressure. Is done. Based on the pilot pressure from the tank ports 24E and 24G, the control spool 11B can be moved to the left in FIG. 1 against the biasing force of the spring 10.

  The two ports of the actuator ports 24B and 24D and the tank ports 24E and 24G can be used as ports for allowing the additional pressure of the lift cylinders 13A and 13B to flow out to the tank.

  The lift control lever 9 of the first direction control valve 8 is operated to switch the first direction control valve 8 to the third position 8-3, and the electromagnetic switching control valve 15 is controlled to control the pilot line 44 in the first direction. The valve 8 is in communication with the port 24A. At this time, the actuator port 24D is moved in the closing direction by the back pressure discharged from the tank ports 24G and 24E to the drain pipe 43. In other words, the control spool 11B can be controlled to move to the left side in FIG. 1 against the biasing force of the spring 10.

  Thus, the flow rate of the return pressure oil flowing from the actuator port 24D is controlled by the pilot pressure acting on the control spool 11B. That is, the first direction control valve 8 can have flow control characteristics for the actuator port 24D, and the lowering of the lift cylinders 13A and 13B can be controlled by the first direction control valve 8.

  When the back pressure acting on the control spool 11B is larger than the biasing force by the spring 10, the actuator port 24D is closed by the back pressure of the tank port 24G and the tank port 24E, that is, the control spool 11B is resisted against the biasing force of the spring 10. Thus, control for moving to the left side of FIG. 1 can be performed. Thereby, the flow rate of the pressure oil flowing out from the actuator port 24D can be adjusted, and the flow rate adjusting valve for the actuator port 24D can be configured in the first direction control valve 8.

  When the back pressure of the tank port 24G and the tank port 24E is smaller than the urging force by the spring 10, the control spool 11B moves integrally with the main spool 11A by the urging force of the spring 10. Thereby, the position of the first directional control valve 8 can be switched to the three positions from the first position 8-1 to the third position 8-3 by the operation of the lift operation lever 9.

  In the state where the first direction control valve 8 is switched to the third position 8-3, when the back pressure acting on the control spool 11B becomes larger than the biasing force of the spring 10, the actuator port 24D is controlled to close. The spool 11B moves and the flow rate of the pressure oil from the lift cylinders 13A and 13B flowing out from the tank port 24G to the drain pipe 43 via the actuator port 24D can be adjusted by the back pressure acting on the control spool 11B. Become.

  Thereby, even if the descending speed of the lift cylinders 13A, 13B is going to change due to the load applied to the lift cylinders 13A, 13B, the fork descending speed is controlled by the flow rate adjusting valve formed in the first direction control valve 8. be able to.

  The lift cylinder 13 </ b> A and the lift cylinder 13 </ b> B are connected via a descending safety valve 14 disposed in the pipe line 40. For example, the lowering safety valve 14 functions to stop the lowering of the lift cylinder 13B even when the lift cylinder 13A is lowered when the pipeline 39 or the like is damaged.

  The operation of the tilt cylinders 20A and 20B can be controlled by switching the pressure oil in the pipe line 38 output from the priority valve 3 from the port 25D to the port 25A or the port 25B in the second direction control valve 17. The pressure oil discharged from the tilt cylinders 20 </ b> A and 20 </ b> B can return to the tank 27 from the drain pipe 43 through the pipe 41 or the pipe 42.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the first directional control valve 8 has seven ports. In FIG. 2, the same members as those shown in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals. The first directional control valve 8 includes a pump port 24F for inputting pump pressure, two actuator ports 24B and 24D for receiving output to the actuator and return hydraulic pressure from the actuator, and two tank ports 24E for connecting to the tank. 24G, a seal drain port 24H, and a load pressure sensing port 24C are formed.

  The seal drain port 24H is a port for discharging the pressure oil directly to the tank without generating back pressure. Further, the two actuator ports 24 B and 24 D are joined together by a joining conduit 66 and connected to the output port 81. The load pressure sensing port 24C is connected to the shuttle valve 21.

  The main spool 11A and the control spool 11B divided into two are housed in the valve chamber of the first directional control valve 8, and the main spool 11A and the control spool 11B can abut on the abutment surface 78. A connecting hole 75 for supporting the operation lever 9 (see FIG. 1) is formed at one end of the main spool 11A.

  A neutral spring mechanism 12 for returning the main spool 11A to the neutral position shown in FIG. 2 is disposed on one end portion side of the main spool 11A. The neutral spring mechanism 12 has a configuration in which a spring 74 is disposed between a pair of retainers 76A and 76B disposed in the spring box 60. The retainer 76A abuts on a stepped portion 67 formed on the main spool 11A, and the retainer 76B abuts on a cylindrical body 68 fixed to the main spool 11A. The pair of retainers 76A and 76B are spring-biased by a spring 74 in a direction in which the stepped portion 67 and the cylindrical body 68 are pressed.

  As the neutral spring mechanism 12, FIG. 1 shows a configuration arranged at the lower end portion of the operation lever 9, but as shown in FIG. 2, the neutral spring mechanism 12 can also be arranged on the main spool 11A. Although a neutral spring mechanism is not illustrated in the operation lever 18 in FIG. 1, a neutral spring mechanism is also provided in the operation lever 18. The neutral spring mechanism in the operation lever 18 can be disposed on the spool of the second direction control valve 17 or can be disposed on the operation lever 18.

  When the main spool 11A moves to the right in FIG. 2, the retainer 76A contacting the stepped portion 67 also moves to the right together with the main spool 11A to compress the spring 74. When the movement of the main spool 11A in the right direction is released, the main spool 11A automatically returns to the neutral position shown in FIG. 2 by the restoring force of the compressed spring 74. Similarly, when the main spool 11 </ b> A moves in the left direction in FIG. 2, the retainer 76 </ b> B moves in the left direction by the cylinder 68 and compresses the spring 74. When the leftward movement of the main spool 11A is released, the main spool 11A automatically returns to the neutral position shown in FIG. 2 by the restoring force of the compressed spring 74.

  Thus, in the neutral spring mechanism 12, the main spool 11A can be automatically returned to the neutral position, and the main spool can be maintained at the neutral position after the automatic return.

  The main spool 11A is formed with an annular groove 79 that can connect and disconnect the pump port 24F and the load pressure sensing port 24C. The main spool 11A is formed with an annular groove 80 that can connect and disconnect the load pressure sensing port 24C and the actuator port 24B and connect and disconnect the actuator port 24B and the tank port 24E. The annular groove 79 and the annular groove 80 are formed with notched grooves 79a, 80a, and 80b that suppress sudden pressure fluctuations when connected to the port.

  A spring 10 that abuts the control spool 11B on the main spool 11A at the abutment surface 78 acts on one end of the control spool 11B. The control spool 11B is formed with an annular groove 77 that connects and disconnects the actuator port 24D and the tank port 24G.

  The annular groove 77 is formed with notched grooves 77a and 77b that suppress sudden pressure fluctuations when connected to the port. The annular groove 77 is formed with pressure receiving surfaces 83a and 83b for operating the control spool 11B by back pressure flowing from the actuator port 24D, and the pressure receiving area of the pressure receiving surface 83a is larger than the pressure receiving area of the pressure receiving surface 83b. ing. In addition, an O-ring 84 and a seal member 85 are disposed at a site that needs to be sealed.

  Next, the operation of the first directional control valve 8 will be described. When the main spool 11A is in the neutral position shown in FIG. 2 without operating the operation lever, the communication between the pump port 24F and the actuator port 24B is cut off. Further, the control spool 11B is in contact with the main spool 11A maintained at the neutral position by the biasing force of the spring 10.

  When the operation lever is operated and the main spool 11A moves leftward from the neutral position shown in FIG. 2, the pump port 24F and the load pressure sensing port 24C communicate with each other through the annular groove 79, and the load pressure sensing port 24C and the actuator port 24B. Are communicated by the annular groove 80. Thereby, the pressure oil supplied to the pump port 24F can be supplied from the output port 81 to the lift cylinders 13A and 13B which are single-acting actuators. The lift cylinders 13A and 13B are raised by the supplied pressure oil.

  At this time, the control spool 11B moves integrally with the main spool 11A in the left direction in FIG. 2 while compressing the spring 10 by the pressure from the main spool 11A. The actuator port 24D is closed with respect to the tank port 24G by the movement of the control spool 11B. For this reason, the pressure oil that has flowed into the actuator port 24D from the actuator port 24B via the merging conduit 66 is prevented from flowing out into the tank.

  When the operation lever is released, the main spool 11A automatically returns to the neutral position by the operation of the neutral spring mechanism 12. At this time, the control spool 11B automatically returns to the position shown in FIG. 2 while maintaining the state in contact with the main spool 11A by the restoring force of the compressed spring 10.

  The actuator port 24B is cut off by automatic return to the neutral position of the main spool 11A. Thereby, the pressure in the actuator port 24B is maintained, and the fork raised by the lift cylinders 13A and 13B can be maintained at a desired height position.

  When the operation lever is operated and the main spool 11A moves rightward from the neutral position in FIG. 2, the actuator port 24B and the tank port 24E communicate with each other through the annular groove 80, and the fork can be lowered by its own weight.

  At this time, the return circuit of the pressure oil from the lift cylinders 13A and 13B also flows into the actuator port 24D. Since the control spool 11B is moved rightward in FIG. 2 by following the first sleeve 11A by the spring 10, the actuator port 24D and the tank port 24G are formed in an annular groove by the rightward movement of the control spool 11B. 77 to communicate with each other.

  The back pressure of the return circuit acts on the pressure receiving surface 83 a and the pressure receiving surface 83 b in the annular groove 77. The control spool 11B is urged to the left in FIG. 2 by the back pressure applied to the pressure receiving area difference between the pressure receiving surface 83a and the pressure receiving surface 83b. At this time, if the urging force due to the back pressure becomes larger than the urging force due to the spring 10, the control spool 11B moves to the left in FIG. 2 and reduces the flow rate of the pressure oil flowing between the annular groove 77 and the actuator port 24D. And a flow control valve can be configured.

  Further, the return flow rate from the lift cylinders 13A and 13B can be controlled by the operation amount of the operation lever 9, and the lift flow cylinders 13A and 13B are further operated by the above-described flow rate adjusting valve under the controlled flow rate. The maximum descending speed can be controlled.

  In FIG. 2, the actuator port 24 </ b> B and the actuator port 24 </ b> D are combined in the first direction control valve 8 and connected to the single-acting actuator via the output port 81. However, the configuration in which the actuator port 24B and the actuator port 24D are merged is not limited to the configuration in which the actuator port 24B and the actuator port 24D merge in the first directional control valve 8, and an output port is formed in each of the actuator port 24B and the actuator port 24D. The pipes connected to the respective output ports may be joined on the way.

  The directional control valve of the present invention can be applied as a directional control valve that can be used for various single-acting actuators.

It is a hydraulic circuit diagram. (Example) It is sectional drawing of a direction control valve. (Example) It is sectional drawing of a spool valve. (Conventional example 1) It is sectional drawing of a spool valve. (Conventional example 2)

Explanation of symbols

3 priority valve 5 electromagnetic switching control valve 8 first direction control valve 11 spool 11A main spool 11B control spool 12 neutral spring mechanism 13A, 13B lift cylinder 17 second direction control valve 20A, 20B tilt cylinder 24A port 24B actuator port 24C port 24D Actuator port 24E Tank port 24F Pump port 24G Tank port 24H Seal drain port 70 Load check valve 71 Port 77 Annular groove 78 Abutment surface 79 Annular groove 80 Annular groove 81 Output port 82 Load pressure sensing port 83a, b Pressure receiving surface 121 Spool valve 121a Spool 122 Cylinder port 122a Spool valve side 122b Cylinder side 123 Bottom chamber 124 Check valve 125 Regulator chamber 126 Piston 126a Control unit 127 Follow Regulator valve 129 First annular groove 130 Pump port 132 Second annular groove 133 Return passage 134 Operate check valve 134a Poppet 135 Spring box 137 Seat portion 138 Orifice 139 Pilot passage 140 Pilot port 141 Drill hole 142 Outflow hole 143 Regulator passage 144 Communication hole 145 Spring chamber 147 Cylinder 148 Fark 149 Spring

Claims (2)

In the direction control valve of a single-acting actuator,
As a return port in the return circuit from the single-acting actuator, it is disposed the two actuator ports simultaneously acting,
One of the actuator ports communicates with the main spool, and the other actuator port communicates with the control spool,
In the control spool, a spring is urged on one side, and a pressure receiving part that receives back pressure is formed on the other side.
The main spool is configured separately from the control spool, and slides integrally with the control spool abutted by the biasing force of the spring,
The oil chamber with which the main spool and the control spool come into contact is connected to a seal drain port formed in the direction control valve,
The circuit for discharging the pressure oil that has passed through the main spool and the circuit for discharging the pressure oil that has passed through the control spool are joined together and connected to the drain line,
Back pressure in the drain line acts on the pressure receiving portion of the control spool,
A directional control valve characterized in that the discharge flow rate is controlled by the sum of the flow rates discharged from the main spool and the control spool . The control spool has an area step between a contact surface with the main spool and a pressure receiving surface that presses the spring in the pressure receiving portion of the control spool,
The area of the pressure receiving surface that presses the spring is configured to be larger than the area of the contact surface with the main spool,
2. The directional control valve according to claim 1 , wherein the control spool is controlled by a pressing force by a back pressure acting on the area step portion and a spring force of the spring .

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