JP4612933B2 - Leptin resistance improver - Google Patents

Leptin resistance improver Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4612933B2
JP4612933B2 JP2000186384A JP2000186384A JP4612933B2 JP 4612933 B2 JP4612933 B2 JP 4612933B2 JP 2000186384 A JP2000186384 A JP 2000186384A JP 2000186384 A JP2000186384 A JP 2000186384A JP 4612933 B2 JP4612933 B2 JP 4612933B2
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Prior art keywords
oil
fatty acid
leptin
diacylglycerol
leptin resistance
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JP2002003376A (en
Inventor
浩幸 渡邊
知紀 長尾
登 松尾
一郎 時光
健 松山
矩章 中谷
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Kao Corp
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Kao Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、日常の食用としても摂取しやすい、血清レプチン濃度を低下させるレプチン抵抗性改善剤に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
レプチンは、主に脂肪組織より分泌されるホルモンであり、視床下部に存在するレプチン受容体を介して摂食抑制作用を示し、肥満や血清脂質の制御に関与する。特に体脂肪に対しては、体脂肪の燃焼促進作用などを通して、脂質の分解を促進し、体脂肪や血清脂質の調節を行っていることが報告されている。血清レプチン濃度は、生理状態に応じて濃度が変化し、体へのエネルギーの蓄積状態が充分であるときは、血清レプチン濃度が上昇し、食欲が抑制され、また脂肪組織においては脂肪の分解が進む。体へのエネルギー蓄積状態が不充分なときには、血清レプチン濃度が低下し、食欲抑制が解除され、脂肪組織では脂肪の分解が低下し、体脂肪を蓄積する状態を保とうとする(Lonnqvist F.等:Int. J. Med., 245, 643(1999))。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、肥満などの脂質代謝異常が続くと血清レプチン濃度が上昇し、レプチンの本来の作用を示さなく(レプチン抵抗性)なり、このような状態の場合には、血清レプチン濃度を低下させ、レプチンの作用を円滑に機能させる必要がある。従って血清レプチン濃度を低下させ、レプチン抵抗性を完全にすることは肥満や動脈硬化等の脂質代謝が関係する疾病の予防や治療には重要となる。
【0004】
本発明の目的は、血清レプチン濃度を低下させてレプチン抵抗性を改善し、しかも日常の食用として摂取しやすいレプチン抵抗性改善剤を提供することにある。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者は、ジアシルグリセロール(ジグリセリド)が、血清レプチン濃度を低下させることを見出した。このジアシルグリセロールは、健康志向食品等に使用され日常の食用の油脂組成物として使用され摂取が容易である。
【0006】
本発明は、ジアシルグリセロールからなるレプチン抵抗性改善剤を提供するものである。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明のレプチン抵抗性改善剤に用いられるジアシルグリセロールの構成脂肪酸は、炭素数8〜24、特に16〜22であることが好ましい。全構成脂肪酸中、不飽和脂肪酸を70重量%(以下単に%と記載する)以上、好ましくは80〜100%とすることが望ましい。更に、全構成脂肪酸中、不飽和脂肪酸を70%以上、且つω3系高度不飽和脂肪酸が15%以上、特に不飽和脂肪酸を80〜98%、且つω3系高度不飽和脂肪酸を15〜70%であるジアシルグリセロールがより好ましい。
なお、構成脂肪酸含量は、構成アシル基を脂肪酸に換算して算出する。
【0008】
レプチン抵抗性改善効果をより高めるという点から、(シス型不飽和脂肪酸量)/(トランス型不飽和脂肪酸量+飽和脂肪酸量重量比)(以下(シス)/(トランス+飽和)重量比と示す)が、5.5以上が好ましい。より好ましくは(シス)/(トランス+飽和)重量比が8〜25、更に好ましくは9〜21である。
また、ジアシルグリセロールの構成脂肪酸のうち、トランス型不飽和脂肪酸含量は8%以下が好ましく、特に1〜5%が好ましく、また飽和脂肪酸含量も10%以下が好ましく、特に1〜5%が好ましい。
【0009】
ここで、シス型不飽和脂肪酸としては、オレイン酸、α−リノール酸、α−リノレン酸、シス−ジホモγ−リノレン酸、シス−アラキドン酸、シス−エイコサペンタエン酸、シス−ドコサヘキサエン酸などが挙げられる。またトランス型不飽和脂肪酸としては、上記不飽和脂肪酸のトランス型が挙げられる。飽和脂肪酸としては、パルミチン酸、ステアリン酸、アラキン酸などが挙げられる。
【0010】
ジアシルグリセロールは、例えば目的の構成脂肪酸を有する油脂とグリセリンとをエステル交換反応に付すか、あるいは目的の構成脂肪酸又はそのエステルとグリセリンとの混合物にリパーゼを作用させてエステル化反応を行うことにより製造される。反応中の異性化を防止する上で、リパーゼを用いたエステル化反応がより好ましい。また、リパーゼを用いたエステル化反応によっても、反応終了後精製手段における異性化を防止するため、精製手段も脂肪酸の異性化が生起しないような穏和な条件で行うのが好ましい。またこの様な反応で製造された生成物を分画して、更に混合して所期のジアシルグリセロール構成とすることによっても製造できる。
【0011】
上記の方法で得られる組成物は、ジアシルグリセロールを含有する油脂組成物であって、本発明においては、このジアシルグリセロールを含有する油脂組成物として用いるのが好ましい。当該油脂組成物としては、レプチン抵抗性改善作用の点から、ジアシルグリセロール100%が最も好ましいが、ジアシルグリセロールを35%以上含有するものであってもよい。更にこの油脂組成物中のジアシルグリセロール含量は50%以上がより好ましく、更に60%以上、特に80%以上が好ましい。
【0012】
ジアシルグリセロールからなるレプチン抵抗性改善剤である油脂組成物の他の成分は、トリアシルグリセロール、モノアシルグリセロール等である。モノアシルグリセロール含量は2%以下、特に1.5%以下であるのが好ましい。残部は殆どがトリアシルグリセロールである。
【0013】
本発明のレプチン抵抗性改善剤には、例えばトコフェロール、アスコルビン酸パルミテート、アスコルビン酸ステアレート、BHT、BHA、リン脂質等の抗酸化剤、またショ糖脂肪酸エステル、ポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステル、有機酸モノグリセリド等の乳化剤等を配合してもよい。
【0014】
ジアシルグリセロールは、同じ脂肪酸組成のトリアシルグリセロールと比較して、融点上昇が生じるが、上記の組成物では常温で液状となり、食用油として広く使用できるという利点もある。従って、本発明のレプチン抵抗性改善剤は、調理油及び種々の油脂加工食品としても好適に使用することができる。加工食品の例としては、ドリンク、デザート、アイスクリーム、ドレッシング、トッピング、マヨネーズ等の水中油滴型油脂加工食品;マーガリン、スプレッド等の油中水滴型油脂加工食品;ピーナッツバター、フライング、ベーキングショートニング等の加工油脂食品;ポテトチップス、スナック菓子、ケーキ、クッキー、パイ、パン、チョコレート等の加工食品;ベーカリーミックス;加工肉製品;冷凍アントレ;冷凍食品等に利用することができる。また、カプセル、錠剤等の形態でも食用及び医薬品用として利用可能である。
【0015】
本発明のレプチン抵抗性改善剤の1日摂取量は、ジアシルグリセロールとして0.03〜25g、更に5〜20g、特に6〜15gが好ましい。
【0016】
【実施例】
実施例1
次の方法により、レプチン抵抗性改善剤(油脂組成物)を製造した。
製造1
トランス酸含有量0.8%である市販大豆油を加水分解して得た脂肪酸をウィンタリングにより飽和脂肪酸を低減させた後、市販の固定化1,3位選択リパーゼ(Lipozyme 3A、ノボインダストリーA.S.社製)を触媒とし、この脂肪酸とグリセリンを40℃で反応させた。リパーゼ製剤を濾別した後、反応終了品を分子蒸留にかけ、常法により精製して油脂組成物(本発明品A)を得た。
【0017】
製造2
トランス酸含有量0.6%である市販ナタネ油を加水分解して得た脂肪酸を市販の固定化1,3位選択リパーゼ(Lipozyme 3A、ノボインダストリーA.S.社製)を触媒とし、この脂肪酸とグリセリンを40℃で反応させた。リパーゼ製剤を濾別した後、反応終了品を分子蒸留にかけ、常法により精製して油脂組成物(本発明品B)を得た。
【0018】
製造3
トランス酸含有量2.8%である市販ナタネ油を加水分解して得た脂肪酸を市販の固定化1,3位選択リパーゼ(Lipozyme 3A、ノボインダストリーA.S.社製)を触媒とし、この脂肪酸とグリセリンを40℃で反応させた。リパーゼ製剤を濾別した後、反応終了品を分子蒸留にかけ、常法により精製して油脂組成物(本発明品C)を得た。
【0019】
製造4
精製アマニ油を加水分解して得た脂肪酸を用いる以外は実施例4と同様に反応、精製して油脂組成物(本発明品D)を得た。
【0020】
本発明A〜D及び比較品(大豆油)のグリセリド組成及び、ジアシルグリセロールの構成脂肪酸組成を、次の測定法に従って測定した結果を表1及び表2に示す。
【0021】
〔グリセリド分布の測定〕
油脂をシリル化剤(関東化学製、シリル化剤TH)にてシリル化した後、キャピラリーカラム(J&W社製、DBTM−1)を用い、ガスクロマトグラフィーにて分析した。
〔ジアシルグリセロールの構成脂肪酸分布〕
カラムクロマトグラム(和光純薬工業社製、ワコーゲルC−200とヘキサンでトリグリセリド画分を落した後、ヘキサン/エーテル=70/30にてジアシルグリセロール画分を得た)により、油脂中のジアシルグリセロール画分を集め、常法によりメチルエステル化後、キャピラリーカラム(クロムパック社製、CP−SIL88)を用い、ガスクロマトグラフィーにて分析した。
【0022】
【表1】

Figure 0004612933
【0023】
【表2】
Figure 0004612933
【0024】
実施例2
実施例1で製造したレプチン抵抗性改善剤(本発明品A〜D)のレプチン濃度低下効果を次の方法により測定した。
〔レプチン濃度測定〕
体格指数の高い男性5名、女性9名に普段食用している食用油に置き換えて、本発明品又は比較品の油脂組成物を10g/日の量1ケ月間にわたって食用摂取前後の血清レプチン濃度を測定した。レプチン濃度は、ヒトのレプチンに対する抗体を用いて測定(Linco Researoh, St. Charles, MO)する方法(Ma Z. 等:Clin. Chem., 42, 942(1996))で定量した。
【0025】
本発明品又は比較品の油脂組成物を摂取する前の初期血清レプチン濃度を100として、同油脂組成物を1ケ月摂取後の血清レプチン濃度相対値を表3に示す。
【0026】
【表3】
Figure 0004612933
【0027】
表3に示すように、本発明品はいずれも血清レプチン濃度低下効果が優れていた。
【0028】
本発明品Aを摂取した被験者は、摂取前(100とする)に比較して血清レプチン濃度が82.5に低下するのに伴い、皮下脂肪面積は93.9、内蔵脂肪面積が94.4と低下していることが、臍部のCTスキャン画像で測定され、血清中のトリグリセリド濃度も89.0と低下していた。
【0029】
【発明の効果】
ジアシルグリセロール及びこれを含む油脂組成物は、優れたレプチン抵抗性改善作用を有し、且つ、日常摂取し易いという特性を有することから、レプチン抵抗性改善を目的とした健康志向の食品として、また医薬品として有用である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a leptin resistance-improving agent that lowers serum leptin concentration, which is easy to take even for daily food.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Leptin is a hormone secreted mainly from adipose tissue, exhibits an antifeedant action through the leptin receptor present in the hypothalamus, and is involved in the control of obesity and serum lipids. Particularly for body fat, it has been reported that lipid decomposition is promoted through the body fat burning promoting action to regulate body fat and serum lipid. Serum leptin concentration varies depending on the physiological state, and when the state of energy accumulation in the body is sufficient, the serum leptin concentration increases, appetite is suppressed, and fat breakdown occurs in adipose tissue. move on. When the state of energy accumulation in the body is insufficient, the serum leptin concentration is lowered, appetite suppression is released, fat decomposition is reduced in adipose tissue, and the body fat is accumulated (Lonnqvist F. etc.) : Int. J. Med., 245 , 643 (1999)).
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, when lipid metabolism abnormalities such as obesity continue, the serum leptin concentration increases, and the original action of leptin is not exhibited (leptin resistance). In such a state, the serum leptin concentration is decreased and leptin is reduced. It is necessary to function smoothly. Therefore, it is important to reduce serum leptin concentration and complete leptin resistance for the prevention and treatment of diseases related to lipid metabolism such as obesity and arteriosclerosis.
[0004]
An object of the present invention is to provide a leptin resistance-improving agent that improves leptin resistance by lowering serum leptin concentration and that is easy to take for daily consumption.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The inventor has found that diacylglycerol (diglyceride) reduces serum leptin levels. This diacylglycerol is used for health-oriented foods and the like, and is used as a daily edible oil and fat composition, so that it is easy to take.
[0006]
The present invention provides a leptin resistance improving agent comprising diacylglycerol.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The constituent fatty acid of diacylglycerol used for the leptin resistance improving agent of the present invention preferably has 8 to 24 carbon atoms, particularly 16 to 22 carbon atoms. It is desirable that the unsaturated fatty acid is 70% by weight (hereinafter simply referred to as%) or more, preferably 80 to 100%, in the total constituent fatty acids. Furthermore, in all the constituent fatty acids, 70% or more of unsaturated fatty acids, 15% or more of ω3 highly unsaturated fatty acids, particularly 80 to 98% of unsaturated fatty acids, and 15 to 70% of ω3 highly unsaturated fatty acids. Some diacylglycerols are more preferred.
The constituent fatty acid content is calculated by converting the constituent acyl group into a fatty acid.
[0008]
From the viewpoint of further improving the effect of improving leptin resistance, it is expressed as (cis type unsaturated fatty acid amount) / (trans type unsaturated fatty acid amount + saturated fatty acid amount weight ratio) (hereinafter (cis) / (trans + saturated) weight ratio). ) Is preferably 5.5 or more. More preferably, the (cis) / (trans + saturated) weight ratio is 8 to 25, and more preferably 9 to 21.
Of the constituent fatty acids of diacylglycerol, the trans unsaturated fatty acid content is preferably 8% or less, particularly preferably 1 to 5%, and the saturated fatty acid content is preferably 10% or less, and particularly preferably 1 to 5%.
[0009]
Here, examples of the cis-type unsaturated fatty acid include oleic acid, α-linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, cis-dihomoγ-linolenic acid, cis-arachidonic acid, cis-eicosapentaenoic acid, cis-docosahexaenoic acid, and the like. It is done. Examples of the trans unsaturated fatty acid include trans forms of the above unsaturated fatty acids. Examples of saturated fatty acids include palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid and the like.
[0010]
Diacylglycerol is produced, for example, by subjecting fats and oils having a target constituent fatty acid and glycerin to a transesterification reaction or by causing a lipase to act on a target constituent fatty acid or a mixture of the ester and glycerin to perform an esterification reaction. Is done. In order to prevent isomerization during the reaction, an esterification reaction using lipase is more preferable. Also, in order to prevent isomerization in the purification means after completion of the reaction by the esterification reaction using lipase, the purification means is preferably performed under mild conditions so that fatty acid isomerization does not occur. Alternatively, the product produced by such a reaction can be fractionated and further mixed to obtain the desired diacylglycerol composition.
[0011]
The composition obtained by the above method is an oil or fat composition containing diacylglycerol, and in the present invention, it is preferably used as an oil or fat composition containing diacylglycerol. As the oil composition, 100% diacylglycerol is most preferable from the viewpoint of improving leptin resistance, but may contain 35% or more diacylglycerol. Further, the diacylglycerol content in the oil / fat composition is more preferably 50% or more, further preferably 60% or more, particularly preferably 80% or more.
[0012]
Other components of the oil and fat composition, which is a leptin resistance improving agent composed of diacylglycerol, are triacylglycerol, monoacylglycerol and the like. The monoacylglycerol content is preferably 2% or less, particularly preferably 1.5% or less. The balance is mostly triacylglycerol.
[0013]
Examples of the leptin resistance improving agent of the present invention include antioxidants such as tocopherol, ascorbyl palmitate, ascorbate stearate, BHT, BHA, phospholipid, sucrose fatty acid ester, polyglycerin fatty acid ester, organic acid monoglyceride and the like An emulsifier or the like may be added.
[0014]
Diacylglycerol has an increased melting point as compared with triacylglycerol having the same fatty acid composition, but the above composition has the advantage that it becomes liquid at room temperature and can be widely used as edible oil. Therefore, the leptin resistance improving agent of the present invention can be suitably used as cooking oil and various processed oils and fats. Examples of processed foods include oil-in-water oil-and-fat processed foods such as drinks, desserts, ice creams, dressings, toppings and mayonnaises; water-in-oil processed oils and fats such as margarine and spreads; peanut butter, flying, baking shortening, etc. Processed fats and oils foods; processed foods such as potato chips, snacks, cakes, cookies, pies, breads and chocolates; bakery mixes; processed meat products; frozen entrées; Moreover, it can be used for food and medicine in the form of capsules, tablets and the like.
[0015]
The daily intake of the leptin resistance improving agent of the present invention is preferably 0.03 to 25 g, more preferably 5 to 20 g, and particularly preferably 6 to 15 g as diacylglycerol.
[0016]
【Example】
Example 1
A leptin resistance improver (oil composition) was produced by the following method.
Manufacturing 1
After reducing saturated fatty acids by wintering fatty acids obtained by hydrolyzing commercial soybean oil having a trans acid content of 0.8%, commercially available immobilized 1,3-position lipase (Lipozyme 3A, Novo Industry A) S.) and the fatty acid and glycerin were reacted at 40 ° C. After the lipase preparation was filtered off, the reaction finished product was subjected to molecular distillation and purified by a conventional method to obtain an oil and fat composition (present product A).
[0017]
Manufacturing 2
A fatty acid obtained by hydrolyzing commercially available rapeseed oil having a trans acid content of 0.6% was prepared using a commercially available immobilized 1,3-position selective lipase (Lipozyme 3A, manufactured by Novo Industry AS) as a catalyst. Fatty acid and glycerin were reacted at 40 ° C. After filtering the lipase preparation, the reaction-finished product was subjected to molecular distillation and purified by a conventional method to obtain an oil and fat composition (present product B).
[0018]
Manufacturing 3
A fatty acid obtained by hydrolyzing commercially available rapeseed oil having a trans acid content of 2.8% was prepared using a commercially available immobilized 1,3-position selective lipase (Lipozyme 3A, manufactured by Novo Industry AS) as a catalyst. Fatty acid and glycerin were reacted at 40 ° C. After the lipase preparation was filtered off, the reaction finished product was subjected to molecular distillation and purified by a conventional method to obtain an oil and fat composition (Product C of the present invention).
[0019]
Manufacturing 4
An oil and fat composition (Product D of the present invention) was obtained by reaction and purification in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the fatty acid obtained by hydrolyzing the purified linseed oil was used.
[0020]
Tables 1 and 2 show the results obtained by measuring the glyceride composition of the present invention AD and the comparative product (soybean oil) and the constituent fatty acid composition of diacylglycerol according to the following measurement method.
[0021]
(Measurement of glyceride distribution)
The oil and fat were silylated with a silylating agent (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd., silylating agent TH), and then analyzed by gas chromatography using a capillary column (manufactured by J & W, DBTM-1).
[Distribution of constituent fatty acids of diacylglycerol]
Diacylglycerol in fats and oils was obtained by column chromatogram (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., after removing triglyceride fraction with Wakogel C-200 and hexane, and then obtained diacylglycerol fraction with hexane / ether = 70/30). Fractions were collected, methyl esterified by a conventional method, and analyzed by gas chromatography using a capillary column (Chrome Pack, CP-SIL88).
[0022]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004612933
[0023]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004612933
[0024]
Example 2
The leptin concentration-reducing effect of the leptin resistance improvers (invention products A to D) produced in Example 1 was measured by the following method.
[Leptin concentration measurement]
Serum leptin concentrations before and after food intake for 10 months / day for 10g / day of the oil composition of the present invention or the comparative product, replacing the edible oil normally used by 5 men and 9 women with high body mass index Was measured. The leptin concentration was quantified by a method (Ma Z. et al .: Clin. Chem., 42 , 942 (1996)) using an antibody against human leptin (Linco Researoh, St. Charles, MO).
[0025]
Table 3 shows the relative values of serum leptin concentration after ingesting the oil / fat composition for one month, assuming that the initial serum leptin concentration before ingesting the oil / fat composition of the present invention or the comparative product is 100.
[0026]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004612933
[0027]
As shown in Table 3, all of the products of the present invention were excellent in serum leptin concentration lowering effect.
[0028]
In the subject who took the product A of the present invention, the subcutaneous fat area was 93.9 and the built-in fat area was 94.4 as the serum leptin concentration decreased to 82.5 compared to before (100). The decrease was measured with a CT scan image of the umbilicus, and the serum triglyceride concentration was also decreased to 89.0.
[0029]
【The invention's effect】
Diacylglycerol and an oil / fat composition containing the same have excellent leptin resistance-improving action and easy-to-daily intake characteristics. Therefore, as a health-oriented food for improving leptin resistance, Useful as a medicine.

Claims (1)

モノアシルグリセロール、トリアシルグリセロール及び構成脂肪酸の(シス型不飽和脂肪酸量)/(トランス型不飽和脂肪酸量+飽和脂肪酸量)重量比が9以上25以下であるジアシルグリセロールからなる油脂組成物であって、当該ジアシルグリセロールの含量が80%以上である油脂組成物を有効成分とするレプチン抵抗性改善剤。 An oil and fat composition comprising a diacylglycerol having a (cis-type unsaturated fatty acid amount) / (trans-type unsaturated fatty acid amount + saturated fatty acid amount) weight ratio of 9 to 25 in terms of monoacylglycerol, triacylglycerol and constituent fatty acids. A leptin resistance improving agent comprising an oil or fat composition having a diacylglycerol content of 80% or more as an active ingredient.
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JP4824347B2 (en) * 2005-06-08 2011-11-30 花王株式会社 GIP secretion inhibitor
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