JP4612696B2 - Water leakage diagnosis device and water leakage diagnosis method for water distribution pipe - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a water leakage diagnosis apparatus for a water distribution line applied to a water distribution management system that manages a water distribution line network of a water supply facility by dividing it into a plurality of water distribution blocks.

  In the water supply facilities, distribution pipe network facilities for distributing purified water to consumers account for a considerable proportion. The distribution pipe is predicted to have a durable life of about 40 to 45 years, and will be updated in accordance with the renewal time of the buried years. In renewal of water distribution pipes, not only renewal from pipes with an old burial age but also efficient renewal for the purpose of improving the so-called effective rate (or yield) has attracted attention. Here, an effective rate means the ratio of the amount of water (effective water amount) used effectively with respect to the total water distribution amount from a reservoir.

  In order to improve the effective rate (yield), measures for preventing water leakage from the water distribution pipe are indispensable, and a water leakage diagnosis device for diagnosing water leakage is important as this measure. The improvement of the effective rate by preventing water leakage not only reduces the load on the water circulation system, but also has the effect of reducing costs in the water purification and transmission / distribution stages.

  As a prior art concerning water leakage monitoring or detection, a system has been proposed that measures the water demand in the water distribution block, the nighttime minimum flow rate, etc., and diagnoses the possibility of water leakage for each water distribution block by comparison with past measurement results. (For example, see Patent Document 1). In this system, an ultrasonic flow meter that can be externally attached to the tube is installed at any position (preferably in a node, manhole or fire hydrant), and the flow rate of water passing through each monitoring point is set as the flow monitoring point. In addition, based on the sum of the flow directions, the possibility of water leakage is diagnosed for each distribution block.

In addition, a leakage determination method has been proposed that compares the minimum water distribution amount with the allowable water leakage amount obtained when there is no leakage in the water pipe, and determines that there is water leakage if the minimum water distribution amount is larger than the allowable water leakage amount. (For example, see Patent Document 2). In this method, a sensor for converting the rotation state of the meter into a pulse signal and outputting it is attached to the flow meter, and the output signal from the sensor is collected day and night at a predetermined sampling interval. And among these collected data, the minimum water distribution amount of the water pipe per unit time in the said measurement time slot | zone is calculated | required from the longest time without the pulse input from a sensor.
JP-A-2005-149280 JP 2002-55019 A

  The above-mentioned prior art system or method is a content that monitors the minimum flow rate at night and diagnoses the possibility or presence of water leakage, but is a comparative evaluation between measurement sensors and water distribution blocks, and identifies a detailed water leakage location. It is difficult.

  In general, for underground leaks in the distribution pipe network, there are locations where the site investigator regularly conducts a leak check (primary survey) using a hearing rod etc. Identified. After that, a detailed investigation of the location of the water leak in the area has been made by a secondary survey using a correlative leak detector. However, at the stage of the primary survey, the entire area is only visited regularly, and the area that should be focused on is not considered.

  In addition, as described above, with regard to pipeline renewal, the current situation is that it has been simply renewed from a pipe with an old burial age, and it has never been an efficient pipe for the purpose of improving the effective rate (yield). The road update has not been executed.

  Therefore, the object of the present invention is to enable the specification of detailed water leakage points in the distribution block, and to plan a planned water leakage survey (primary survey) and to plan cost effective pipeline renewal plans. An object of the present invention is to provide a water leakage diagnosis device for water distribution pipes.

  The viewpoint of the present invention can estimate the location of water leakage in units of a predetermined area (for example, mesh on map information) in the water distribution block, in addition to analyzing the nighttime minimum flow rate in the water distribution block unit of the water distribution pipe network. This is a water leakage diagnosis device for distribution pipes.

  A water leakage diagnosis apparatus according to an aspect of the present invention is a water leakage diagnosis apparatus for a water distribution pipe applied to a water distribution management system that divides and manages a water distribution pipe network for supplying purified water into a plurality of water distribution blocks, A flow rate measuring means for measuring the flow rate of purified water flowing into the water distribution block; a minimum flow rate calculating means for calculating a nighttime minimum flow rate of the water distribution block based on flow rate data output from the flow rate measuring means; When the pressure measurement means for measuring the pressure value due to the water distribution in the block and the nighttime minimum flow rate calculated by the minimum flow rate calculation means as the water leakage amount of the water distribution pipe, the water leakage amount and the pressure measurement means were measured. Based on the pressure value, a relational expression between the pressure value and the amount of water leakage is constructed, a water leakage coefficient calculating means for generating a water leakage coefficient, and the water distribution block are divided into a plurality of areas, and The hydrostatic pressure value for each area is calculated using the pipeline information acquisition means for acquiring pipeline information including at least the buried position of the distribution pipeline, and the pressure value and the pipeline information for each area. A hydrostatic pressure calculating means for calculating the water leakage amount for each area using the relational expression between the pressure value and the water leakage amount, the hydrostatic pressure value and the water leakage coefficient. It is.

  According to the present invention, in addition to analyzing the nighttime minimum flow rate in units of the distribution block of the distribution pipeline network, it is possible to provide a water leakage diagnosis device capable of estimating a water leakage location in a predetermined area unit in the distribution block. It is possible to specify the location of detailed water leaks in the city, and to plan a planned water leak survey (primary survey) and a cost effective pipeline renewal plan.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

[First Embodiment]
FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining an outline of a water distribution process and a water distribution management system for distributing purified water to the consumer 33 according to the present embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the present embodiment assumes a water distribution process in which purified water is supplied from one water reservoir 30 to water distribution blocks corresponding to certain distribution pipe networks 34-1 to 34-16. This water distribution block is one water distribution block when a large-scale water distribution pipe network is divided into a plurality of ranges (water distribution blocks).

  The water distribution management system monitors the amount of inflow from the distribution reservoir 30 by the flow meter 31 disposed at the entrance of the water distribution block. In addition, the water distribution management system monitors the water distribution pressure (simply referred to as “pressure”) in the water distribution block using the pressure gauge 32 disposed in the water distribution block. As will be described later, the water distribution management system collects each measurement data of the inflow measured by the flow meter 31 and the pressure value measured by the pressure gauge 32 and accumulates them in the monitoring database (DB) 12.

  In FIG. 2, the circled numbers are node numbers indicating the nodes of a plurality of water distribution pipelines (sometimes simply referred to as pipelines) 34-1 to 34-16.

(Leakage diagnosis device)
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a water leakage diagnosis apparatus used in the water distribution management system of the present embodiment. The water leakage diagnosis device corresponds to a water leakage distribution estimation device that estimates the water leakage distribution in the distribution block.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the water leakage diagnosis apparatus is roughly divided into a data management terminal 10 and a system main body. The data management terminal 10 includes a computer 11 including an input / output device such as a keyboard and a display, and a monitoring database (DB) 12 including a storage device. As described above, the monitoring database 12 accumulates each measurement data of the inflow amount measured by the flow meter 31 and the pressure value measured by the pressure gauge 32.

  The system main body is composed of a computer system (hardware and software), and includes a night minimum flow rate collection unit 13 and a pressure data collection unit 14. The nighttime minimum flow rate collecting unit 13 extracts the time when the inflow flow rate is the smallest in one day based on the flow rate data 110 accumulated in the monitoring database 12, and selects the inflow rate at that time as the nighttime minimum flow rate. The nighttime minimum flow rate collecting unit 13 collects the flow rate data 110 at a cycle of once a day, and accumulates the selected nighttime minimum flow rate data 140 in the monitoring database 12.

  On the other hand, the pressure data collection unit 14 uses the nighttime minimum flow rate data 140 output from the nighttime minimum flow rate collection unit 13 and uses the pressure value in the time zone selected as the nighttime minimum flow rate or a value averaged over a certain period (for example, 1 The time average value) is extracted from the pressure data 100 in minutes, and is output as the pressure data 150 at the nighttime minimum flow rate. The pressure data collection unit 14 also collects the pressure data 150 in a cycle once a day.

  The system main body extracts only the data at the time when the flow rate is lowest in one day from the accumulated flow rate data and pressure data of the distribution block, for example, once a day, and the table information as shown in FIG. Is generated.

  Furthermore, the system main body includes a water leakage coefficient calculation unit 15, a water leakage distribution display unit 16, a water leakage estimation unit 17, a pipe line information extraction unit 18, a pipe line information database (DB) 19, and a hydrostatic pressure calculation unit 20. , A water use database (DB) 21, a total demand and leakage amount calculation unit (hereinafter referred to as a leakage amount calculation unit) 22, and a pipe network analysis unit 23.

  The water leakage amount calculation unit 22 uses the information accumulated in the water usage database 21 and the total daily demand amount (inflow amount of the water distribution block) and the water charge that is metered once every two months. Based on the data and the like, the amount of water leakage 230 of the water distribution block is calculated. In the water use database 21, information on water use is stored in advance, such as a charge water amount, a diversion amount, a meter insensitive water amount, a local business water amount, and a settled reduced water amount.

  The leakage coefficient calculation unit 15 uses the nighttime minimum flow rate data 120, the nighttime minimum flow rate pressure data 150, and the leakage amount data 230 output from the nighttime minimum flow rate collection unit 13, and uses the pressure value and leakage amount for each distribution block. Is constructed, and a water leakage coefficient C (a parameter relating to the amount of water leakage) to be described later is determined. The pipe network analysis unit 23 uses the water leakage coefficient C from the water leakage coefficient calculation unit 15 and the information accumulated in the water use database 21 to execute the pipe network analysis process in the water distribution block. Specifically, the pipe network analysis unit 23 estimates the amount of water leakage at each node of each pipeline 34-1 to 34-16 in the water distribution block based on the effective water pressure and the water leakage coefficient C of each node, The amount of water used during the nighttime minimum flow rate (nighttime water usage data 220) is output. Moreover, the pipe network analysis part 23 is information which can estimate the total water leak amount of a water distribution block by performing the pipe network analysis calculation at the time of constant terminal pressure control, and can evaluate the water leak amount reduction effect at the time of terminal pressure control introduction. 260 is generated and output to the data terminal 10.

  The pipe line information extraction unit 18 is a pipe that causes a change in the water leak coefficient C based on the amount of change in the water leak coefficient C from the water leak coefficient calculation unit 15 and the pipe line information accumulated in the pipe line information database 19. The road information 210 is extracted. That is, the pipeline information extraction unit 18 monitors the change in pipeline information at the timing when the water leakage coefficient C changes, and outputs information 210 indicating the factor variable.

  The pipeline information database 19 stores pipeline information indicating the specifications of the pipelines 34-1 to 34-16 embedded in the ground within the water distribution block. The pipeline information is, for example, information such as the burial position of each pipeline, burial years, material, diameter, pipeline extension, hydrant number, etc. As will be described later, a plurality of areas (map data) that divide the distribution block. Information on each mesh).

  The hydrostatic pressure calculator 20 represents the representative ground height (elevation) for each area (mesh on the map data) accumulated in the pipeline information database 19, and the pressure value at the nighttime minimum flow rate from the pressure data collector 14 ( Based on the pressure data 130), a hydrostatic pressure value 190 for each mesh is calculated.

  The water leakage estimation unit 17 is based on the pipe line information (factor variable) 210 extracted by the pipe line information extraction unit 18 and the hydrostatic pressure value (representative pressure value) 190 for each mesh calculated by the hydrostatic pressure calculation unit 20. The water leakage composition ratio information 200 is estimated and output. The water leakage composition ratio information 200 is information that assigns a ratio to each mesh with the distribution of the factors extracted by the pipe line information extraction unit 18 as the water leakage composition ratio, which is the distribution of the pipe length and the number of factors. The water leakage estimation unit 17 repeatedly calculates the water leakage composition ratio so that the difference between the hydrostatic pressure value (representative pressure value) for each mesh and the water leakage amount of the entire distribution block is minimized.

  The water leakage distribution display unit 16 includes the water leakage composition ratio information 200 from the water leakage composition ratio information 200, the water leakage coefficient C from the water leakage coefficient calculation unit 15, and the hydrostatic pressure value (representative pressure) for each mesh calculated by the hydrostatic pressure calculation unit 20. Display information for displaying the estimated distribution of water leakage calculated based on (value) 190 on the map data corresponding to the water distribution block is output to the data terminal 10. The map data corresponding to the water distribution block is information included in the pipeline information accumulated in the pipeline information database 19.

(Function and effect)
Hereinafter, with reference to FIGS. 4 to 14 in addition to FIG. 1, the operational effects of the water leakage diagnosis apparatus of the present embodiment will be described.

  FIG. 12 is a flowchart for explaining the outline (diagnosis procedure) of the operation of the water leakage diagnosis apparatus of this embodiment. Hereinafter, the operation of the water leakage diagnosis apparatus will be described according to the procedure shown in FIG.

  First, the water leakage amount calculation unit 22 uses the information accumulated in the water use database 21 to measure the total daily demand (inflow of water distribution block) and the cycle once every two months. Based on the water rate data and the like, the leakage amount 230 of the water distribution block is calculated (step S1). In this case, as a calculation method of the water leakage amount calculation unit 22, a data collection method using information of the water use database 21 is used as shown in FIG.

  Here, it is generally difficult to consider that the nighttime minimum flow rate and the amount of water leakage are equal. However, when the size of the distribution block (distribution area) is small, it can be assumed that the amount of water used at night is small, so it can be considered that “the amount of water leakage = the minimum flow rate at night”. Even if the distribution block is large, it is defined as “minimum nighttime flow rate = water leakage amount + nighttime usage” assuming a constant nighttime usage, and the nighttime usage is estimated from data such as past yields. It is possible to assume the amount of water leakage based on the value. That is, since the night minimum flow rate includes the amount of water leakage and the amount of night water usage, it is expressed by the following formula (1).

Here, Q _min represents the nighttime minimum flow rate [L / sec], L represents the amount of water leakage [L / sec], and U represents the amount of nighttime water use [L / sec].

  In the above formula (1), the nighttime water usage amount U is obtained by converting the daily leakage amount based on the leakage amount in a two-month cycle obtained by the leakage amount calculation unit 22. Therefore, by monitoring the nighttime minimum flow rate, it becomes possible to monitor the amount of water leakage in the water distribution block. In addition, the determination method of the nighttime water use amount U in the above formula (1) includes a pipe network analysis method in addition to a method of apportioning in units of time according to a daily water distribution amount trend from water meter reading data for two months. There is also a method of estimating the amount of water leakage in the time zone with the minimum flow rate at night. The method will be described below.

  The water leakage coefficient calculation unit 15 builds a relational expression (model) indicating the relationship between the pressure value and the water leakage amount for each water distribution block based on the pressure data 150 and the water leakage amount data 230 at the time of the minimum nighttime flow rate. Here, the pressure data collection unit 14 outputs the pressure value at the time zone selected as the nighttime minimum flow rate or the value averaged over a certain period (for example, 1 hour average value) as the pressure data 150 at the nighttime minimum flow rate (step S2). ).

  In general, it has been experimentally confirmed that there is a relationship as shown in the following formula (2) between the pressure value in the water distribution block and the amount of water leakage (book “Distribution of distribution pipe network and Design ”by Tetsuo Takakuwa, Morikita Publishing, 1978).

Here, L _i represents the amount of water leakage [L / sec] at node i, and C _i represents a coefficient depending on the length and diameter of the pipe line, the shape of the water leakage hole, and the area regarding node i. h _i represents the effective water pressure [m] at the node i, and k is an experimental multiplier, for example, 1.15. Further, the node represents a round numeral (a pipe connection point in the pipe network model) shown in FIG. In the case of the figure, i = 1.

  The water leak coefficient calculation part 15 introduces the said Formula (2), and determines the water leak coefficient C (parameter regarding water leak amount) mentioned later (step S3). In this embodiment, since the pressure value that can be measured is only the node 13, the entire water distribution block is assumed to be one pipe line, and considering the equation (2) for the node 13, the water leakage coefficient C in the water distribution block is Can be sought. That is, the water leak coefficient calculation unit 15 determines the water leak coefficient C shown in the following equation (3) by the least square method based on the extracted data shown in FIG.

  Here, N represents the total number of nodes (here, 13).

  Assuming that this leakage coefficient C is an index that represents the leakage characteristics of the distribution block, the amount of leakage increases as the pressure increases even with the same pipeline network. It becomes possible to grasp the characteristics of water leakage in the water distribution block. That is, in this embodiment, by introducing a parameter (leakage coefficient C) that can take into account not only the nighttime minimum flow rate but also the pressure state at that time, water leakage diagnosis of a water distribution block and further aging pipe diagnosis can be performed.

  In addition, by introducing this water leakage coefficient C, it is possible to estimate the amount of water leakage at each node by applying pipe network analysis, so the amount of water used in the time zone of the nighttime minimum flow rate is specified with high accuracy. be able to. That is, the pipe network analysis unit 23 executes the pipe network analysis process in the water distribution block by using the water leakage coefficient C from the water leakage coefficient calculation unit 15 and the information accumulated in the water use database 21. Specifically, the pipe network analysis unit 23 estimates the amount of water leakage at each node of each pipeline 34-1 to 34-16 in the water distribution block based on the effective water pressure and the water leakage coefficient C of each node, The amount of water used during the nighttime minimum flow rate (nighttime water usage data 220) is output. Moreover, the pipe network analysis part 23 is information which can estimate the total water leak amount of a water distribution block by performing the pipe network analysis calculation at the time of constant terminal pressure control, and can evaluate the water leak amount reduction effect at the time of terminal pressure control introduction. 260 is generated and output to the data terminal 10.

  Here, FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a pipe network analysis result in the pipe network process shown in FIG. It is assumed that each node includes not only water demand but also water leakage. As shown in FIG. 5, by introducing the water leak coefficient C shown in the above equation (3), the water leak distribution at each node can be obtained. The amount of water leakage at each node affects the effective water level at each node. In addition, the effective water level at each node affects the supply water pressure (water level of the distribution reservoir 30) and the node demand.

  FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between the supply water pressure and the total amount of water leakage. In FIG. 6, a broken line 60 represents a limit point where the terminal pressure is an allowable water pressure. Moreover, when β is 1, it represents that the amount of water including the demand amount and the water leakage amount is the maximum. Since the relationship between the water leakage amount, the supply water pressure, and the nodal demand is approximately proportional, the following equation (4) is established.

Here, H represents the supply water pressure [m], β represents a demand ratio with the maximum water demand being 1, and α _i is a parameter. That is, from the above equation (4), it is possible to estimate the amount of water leakage in units of time when β varies. From this, it becomes possible to estimate the amount of water leakage in the nighttime minimum flow time zone, and it is possible to specify the nighttime water usage amount U shown in the above formula (1) with high accuracy. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a simulation result by pipe network analysis. In FIG. 7, the code | symbol 70 shows a demand pattern. Reference numeral 71 indicates the amount of water leakage in the case of constant terminal pressure control. Reference numeral 72 indicates a difference corresponding to the amount of water used. Such a simulation makes it possible to examine in advance the effect of reducing the amount of water leakage when the terminal pressure constant control is performed.

  Next, the process of the hydrostatic pressure calculation unit 20 (step S5) and the process of the pipeline information extraction unit 18 (step S6) will be described. The pipeline information extraction unit 18 and the hydrostatic pressure calculation unit 20 use the pipeline information stored in the pipeline information database 19. The pipeline information database 19 stores pipeline information indicating the specifications of the pipelines 34-1 to 34-16 embedded in the ground within the water distribution block. The pipeline information is, for example, information such as the burial position of each pipeline, burial years, material, diameter, pipeline extension, hydrant number, and the like. As shown in FIG. This is information managed and organized for each mesh) on the map data (step S4).

  The pipe line information extraction unit 18 is a pipe that causes a change in the water leak coefficient C based on the amount of change in the water leak coefficient C from the water leak coefficient calculation unit 15 and the pipe line information accumulated in the pipe line information database 19. The road information 210 is extracted. That is, the pipeline information extraction unit 18 monitors the change of pipeline information at the timing when the water leakage coefficient C changes, calculates the ratio for each mesh, and the pipeline information changed by pipeline update work and the amount of the change. Is extracted (step S6).

  On the other hand, in order to estimate the amount of water leakage, it is necessary to determine the representative pressure for each mesh. When a pressure gauge corresponding to each mesh is installed, the measured value is used. Otherwise, in this embodiment, the hydrostatic pressure calculation unit 20 calculates the hydrostatic pressure value 190 for each mesh. That is, the hydrostatic pressure calculation unit 20 represents the representative ground height (elevation) for each area (mesh) accumulated in the pipeline information database 19 and the pressure value (pressure data at the nighttime minimum flow rate from the pressure data collection unit 14). 130), the hydrostatic pressure value 190 for each mesh is calculated. In general, the pressure value at the nighttime minimum flow rate can be considered to be substantially equal to the hydrostatic pressure. For this reason, it can be assumed that the representative pressure value of each mesh depends on the altitude difference.

  Here, if there is an error between the altitude difference and the pressure value at the nighttime minimum flow rate, correction is also possible. Hereinafter, a specific description will be given with reference to FIG. For example, as shown in FIG. 9, when the sum of the elevation and effective water level of the reservoir 30 (dynamic water level) is 55 m, there is almost no water flowing at night, so the representative altitude is 15 m. The effective water level can be assumed to be 40 m. However, if there is a difference in altitude difference between the pressure measurement value at the mesh where the pressure gauge is installed and the dynamic water level of the distribution reservoir 30, the difference is applied to other meshes in the same way and corrected. This correction amount can be calculated from “correction amount = measured pressure value− (hydraulic reservoir water level−elevation of pressure gauge installation position)”.

  Next, the water leak estimation part 17 extracts the factor of a water leak amount change based on the result of step S3 and 6 (step S7). That is, the water leakage estimation unit 17 calculates the water leakage composition ratio by repeating once / two months so that the difference between the hydrostatic pressure value (representative pressure value) for each mesh and the water leakage amount of the entire distribution block is minimized. To do. Here, the water leakage composition ratio information 200 is information in which a ratio is assigned to each mesh, with the distribution of the factors extracted by the pipe line information extraction unit 18 and the distribution with the number as the frequency as the water leakage composition ratio.

  The water leakage distribution display unit 16 includes the water leakage composition ratio information 200 from the water leakage composition ratio information 200, the water leakage coefficient C from the water leakage coefficient calculation unit 15, and the hydrostatic pressure value (representative pressure) for each mesh calculated by the hydrostatic pressure calculation unit 20. Value) Display information for displaying the estimated distribution of the amount of water leakage calculated based on 190 on the map data corresponding to the water distribution block is output to the data terminal 10 (steps S8 and S9).

  Here, FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating the concept of the water leakage amount composition ratio. The amount of water leakage in the distribution block can be calculated from the yield and the minimum nighttime flow rate based on the water meter reading data. Based on the value, a parameter (water leakage coefficient) C shown in the equation (3) is calculated. Based on this parameter C and the effective water pressure of each mesh number, the amount of water leakage for each mesh can be calculated. However, the parameter C shown in the equation (3) is a parameter when the space between the flow meter 31 and the pressure gauge 32 shown in FIG. 2 is regarded as one pipe line. For this reason, the sum total of the water leak amount for every mesh number does not correspond with the water leak amount in a water distribution block.

  Therefore, in the present embodiment, the water leakage distribution for each mesh is grasped by appropriately selecting the ratio (configuration ratio) that constitutes the water leakage in addition to the pressure. As shown in FIG. 8, it is important to determine the composition ratio so that the difference between the leakage amount of the entire distribution block and the sum of the leakage amounts for each mesh number is minimized from the managed pipeline information. For example, the composition ratio that minimizes the error from the amount of water leakage in the water distribution block is determined by using the buried age ratio, the pipe extension ratio, the corrosion aging pipe ratio, and the like.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 11, the water leakage distribution display part 16 shows the water leakage amount estimated value calculated based on the obtained water leakage amount composition ratio and the water leakage coefficient C, and the representative pressure (hydrostatic pressure) for every mesh, Highlight and output on the map. FIG. 11 is an output image, which is a display example of a water leakage distribution for each mesh 80. Such a leakage distribution display enables the support of leakage investigation work and the utilization of an efficient pipeline renewal plan.

  Furthermore, with reference to FIG. 14, an example of data analysis of the night minimum flow rate by the night minimum flow rate collecting unit 13 will be described. FIG. 14 relates to a case where data on the inflow amount of the water distribution block can be collected at an earlier cycle. FIG. 14 is a graph comparing the case of 1 minute period and the case of 5 second period. As shown in FIG. 14, it can be seen that the minimum value differs between the minimum flow rate in the 1-minute cycle and the minimum flow rate in the 5-second cycle compared to the case where the regular data that seems to be the night minimum flow rate is extracted. . In other words, it is important to extract the minimum flow rate in one day, not at regular time in any data collection cycle, and by collecting data at an earlier cycle, there is a high probability of capturing a time zone without water use. Become.

  Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 14, when analyzing 5 blocks as an example, when the minimum flow rate is extracted at a cycle of 5 seconds, the flow rate is reduced by about 61% compared with the case of extracting the flow rate at a fixed interval of 1 minute. Can be captured. Further, even when the minimum flow rate is extracted at a 1-minute cycle and a 5-second cycle, a flow rate that is about 15% less can be captured in the 5-second cycle. Therefore, the nighttime minimum flow rate collection unit 13 of the present embodiment can directly fetch data of an earlier period collected by the monitoring system instead of the data period accumulated in the monitoring database 12.

  In short, according to the present embodiment, the drawing is managed on the map system, not on the distribution block basis, taking into account the pipe burial state obtained from the pipe information system and water usage data (charge water amount, etc.). It is possible to estimate the water leakage location in units of (mesh). That is, the change in the nighttime minimum flow rate and the factors resulting from the change are extracted from the pipeline information, and the distribution of the amount of leakage in the distribution block is estimated on the basis of the extracted factors, thereby planning It is possible to plan a basic water leakage survey (primary survey) and a cost effective pipeline renewal plan.

[Second Embodiment]
FIG. 15 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a system according to the second embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 15, the system according to this embodiment includes each water distribution block connected to the main trunk line 314, an automatic meter reading system 316, a water distribution management system 306, and an overall system 300. Each water distribution block is provided with a water leak detector 315. In addition, about a water leak diagnostic apparatus, since it presupposes using the apparatus similar to 1st Embodiment, description is abbreviate | omitted.

  The overall system 300 includes an overall server 301, an input / output terminal 302, a monitoring / data analysis terminal 303, and a router 304. Further, the water distribution management system 306 includes a mapping system 307, a router 308, a data input terminal 309, a server 310, a monitoring terminal 311, an information database 312, and a wireless sensor module 313. Here, the overall system 300 and the water distribution management system 306 are connected by a general public or a dedicated line 305 via respective routers 304 and 308.

  This embodiment relates to a system that efficiently collects data necessary for leakage distribution estimation by introducing an automatic meter reading system 316 using wireless communication. Thereby, the labor cost required for the meter-reading operation can be reduced and the water demand can be measured at an earlier cycle instead of two months, so that it is possible to estimate the leakage distribution with high accuracy.

  Even when collecting data wirelessly, it is necessary for the investigator to visit nearby, but it is also possible to collect water meter reading data around the area by, for example, traveling around the area with a vehicle equipped with a receiver . Moreover, it is also possible to collect the result of performing the water leak determination by wirelessly by installing the water leak detector 315 in the fire hydrant or the water faucet of the water distribution block. In this case, a large number of sensors can be installed by utilizing a small optical MEMS microphone that can create a sensor that captures the vibration noise of water leakage at low cost and has high directivity (clearly extracting the target sound source even under noise). It becomes possible.

  In the water leakage analysis method of the present embodiment, the integrated system 300 can be configured to remotely monitor data like an ASP provider, in addition to incorporating the water distribution management system 306 for managing the water distribution pipe network into the water purification plant. In such a configuration, the leakage distribution estimation method can operate on the central server (ASP server) 301 and provide dynamically created information such as HTML.

  Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment as it is, and can be embodied by modifying the constituent elements without departing from the scope of the invention in the implementation stage. In addition, various inventions can be formed by appropriately combining a plurality of constituent elements disclosed in the embodiment. For example, some components may be deleted from all the components shown in the embodiment. Furthermore, constituent elements over different embodiments may be appropriately combined.

The block diagram for demonstrating the structure of the water leak diagnostic apparatus regarding the 1st Embodiment of this invention. The figure for demonstrating the outline of the water distribution process and water distribution management system regarding this embodiment. The figure which shows an example of the table information which shows the relationship between the nighttime minimum flow volume and pressure regarding this embodiment. The figure which shows an example of the data collection method in the leak amount calculation part regarding this embodiment. The figure which shows an example of the pipe network analysis result regarding this embodiment. The figure which shows the relationship between the supply water pressure regarding this embodiment, and the total amount of water leaks. The figure which shows the simulation result by the pipe network analysis regarding this embodiment. The figure which shows the specific example of the pipe line information regarding this embodiment. The figure for demonstrating the calculation method of the hydrostatic pressure regarding this embodiment. The figure for demonstrating the view of the water leakage amount structural ratio regarding this embodiment. The figure which shows an example of the water leak distribution display regarding this embodiment. The flowchart for demonstrating operation | movement of the water leak diagnostic apparatus regarding this embodiment. The figure which shows the data analysis example of the night minimum flow volume regarding this embodiment. The figure which shows the example of a data analysis for every water distribution block of the night minimum flow volume regarding this embodiment. The figure for demonstrating the structure of the system regarding 2nd Embodiment.

Explanation of symbols

10 ... Data management terminal, 11 ... Computer, 12 ... Monitoring database (DB),
13 ... Night minimum flow rate collection unit, 14 ... Pressure data collection unit, 15 ... Water leakage coefficient calculation unit,
16 ... Water leakage distribution display unit, 17 ... Water leakage estimation unit, 18 ... Pipe line information extraction unit,
19 ... Pipe line information database, 20 ... Hydrostatic pressure calculation part, 21 ... Water use database,
22 ... Total demand and leakage amount calculation unit (leakage amount calculation unit), 23 ... Pipe network analysis unit, 30 ... Distribution reservoir,
31 ... Flow meter, 32 ... Pressure gauge, 34-1 to 34-16 ... Pipe line.

Claims (11)

A water leakage diagnosis device for a water distribution pipe applied to a water distribution management system for dividing and managing a water distribution pipe network for supplying purified water into a plurality of water distribution blocks,
Flow rate measuring means for measuring the flow rate of purified water flowing into the water distribution block;
Based on flow rate data output from the flow rate measuring means, a minimum flow rate calculating means for calculating a nighttime minimum flow rate of the water distribution block;
Pressure measuring means for measuring a pressure value due to water distribution of the water distribution block;
When the nighttime minimum flow rate calculated by the minimum flow rate calculation means is the water leakage amount of the distribution pipe, the relationship between the pressure value and the water leakage amount based on the water leakage amount and the pressure value measured by the pressure measurement means A leak coefficient calculation means for constructing an equation and generating a leak coefficient,
Dividing the water distribution block into a plurality of areas, and for each area, pipe information acquisition means for acquiring pipe information including at least the buried position of the water distribution pipe,
Hydrostatic pressure calculation means for calculating a hydrostatic pressure value for each area using the pressure value and the pipeline information;
A water leakage diagnosis device comprising: a water leakage amount calculating means for calculating a water leakage amount for each area using the relational expression between the pressure value and the water leakage amount, the hydrostatic pressure value and the water leakage coefficient. . A calculation means for calculating the total demand amount and leakage amount of the distribution block based on water usage information such as toll water amount, water diversion amount, meter insensitive water amount, water amount for local business use, water amount for settlement,
Means for estimating the nighttime water usage during the nighttime minimum flow rate period based on the nighttime minimum flow rate calculated by the minimum flow rate calculation means;
2. The water leakage diagnosis apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the water leakage coefficient calculating unit calculates the water leakage coefficient using a quantity obtained by subtracting the nighttime water usage from the nighttime minimum flow rate as a water leakage quantity.   The pipe line information obtaining unit extracts pipe line information that causes a change in the water leakage coefficient based on a change amount of the water leakage coefficient and the pipe line information from the water leakage coefficient calculating unit. The water leakage diagnosis apparatus according to any one of claims 1 and 2.   The pipe line information corresponds to the mesh on the map data as the area, and includes information such as the burying position, the burying year, the material, the diameter, the pipe line extension, the number of hydrants for each mesh, and is stored as a database. The water leakage diagnosis apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the water leakage diagnosis apparatus is provided.   Based on the pipe line information extracted by the pipe line information extracting means and the representative pressure value for each mesh that is the hydrostatic pressure value calculated by the hydrostatic pressure calculating means, the pipe that is the factor of the extracted pipe information change Assign a ratio to each mesh with the distribution of the length of the road and the number of frequencies as the water leakage composition ratio so that the difference between the water leakage calculated from the representative pressure value and the water leakage of the entire distribution block is minimized. 5. The water leakage diagnosis apparatus according to claim 4, further comprising a water leakage composition ratio calculating means for calculating a component ratio. Estimated distribution of water leakage calculated based on the water leakage composition ratio obtained by the water leakage composition ratio calculating means, the water leakage coefficient obtained by the water leakage coefficient calculating means, and the representative pressure value for each mesh calculated by the hydrostatic pressure calculating means. The water leakage diagnosis apparatus according to claim 5, further comprising a water leakage distribution display means for displaying the information on the map data.   Based on the effective water pressure at each node of the distribution block and the leakage coefficient derived from the leakage amount of the entire distribution block, the leakage amount of each node is estimated, and the leakage amount of the entire block is estimated according to the demand pattern The water leakage diagnosis apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a pipe network analysis unit that performs pipe network analysis for specifying a night-time water use amount.   The pipe network analysis means executes pipe network analysis calculation at the time of constant control of the end pressure in the water distribution block, and evaluates the leakage amount reduction effect at the time of introducing the end pressure control based on the total water leak amount of the water distribution block. 8. The water leakage diagnosis apparatus according to claim 7,   The said minimum flow rate calculation means contains the night minimum flow rate extraction means which acquires the inflow flow rate data of a distribution block with a predetermined data period, and extracts it as the minimum flow rate at night. The water leakage diagnostic apparatus according to any one of the above.   The water leakage diagnosis apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising an automatic meter reading system that automatically collects data necessary for water leakage diagnosis from the water distribution block using wireless communication. . A water leakage diagnosis method for water distribution pipes applied to a water distribution management system for dividing and managing a water distribution pipe network for supplying purified water into a plurality of water distribution blocks,
Processing to measure the flow rate of purified water flowing into the water distribution block;
Based on the flow rate data output from the flow rate measuring means, a process for calculating the nighttime minimum flow rate of the water distribution block,
A process for measuring a pressure value due to water distribution of the water distribution block;
When the nighttime minimum flow rate calculated by the minimum flow rate calculation means is the water leakage amount of the distribution pipe, the relationship between the pressure value and the water leakage amount based on the water leakage amount and the pressure value measured by the pressure measurement means A process of constructing an equation and generating a leak coefficient,
A process of dividing the water distribution block into a plurality of areas and acquiring pipe line information including at least the buried position of the water pipe for each area;
Using the pressure value and the pipeline information, a process for calculating a hydrostatic pressure value for each area;
A leakage diagnosis method characterized by executing a procedure including a process of calculating a leakage amount for each area using the relational expression between the pressure value and the leakage amount, the hydrostatic pressure value, and the leakage coefficient. .

Images