JP4609185B2 - Attention guidance device and attention guidance method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a caution guidance device and a caution guidance method for guiding a driver's attention direction to a position and direction of a target object.

Conventionally, visual information is displayed on the windshield glass corresponding to the position and direction of an object (hereinafter referred to as a caution object) to which the driver's attention is directed using a head-up display (HUD) or the like. 2. Description of the Related Art Attention guidance devices that guide a driver's attention direction to a position and direction of an attention object are known (see Patent Document 1). There is also known an attention guidance device that localizes a sound image at a position corresponding to the position and direction of the attention object by sound resonance, and guides the driver's attention direction to the position and direction of the attention object by the localization position of the sound image. (See Patent Document 2).
JP 2003-291688 A Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-32000

  However, since the conventional attention guidance device is configured to superimpose the attention guidance element (visual information) on the position and direction of the attention object, the driver's attention direction is not the attention object but the attention guidance element itself. The driver's attention direction cannot be reliably guided to the position and direction of the attention object (it is not good to overlay visual information on the attention object). In general, the discrimination accuracy in the direction of the human sound image is poor, about 5 to 10 degrees because the spatial resolution of the sound field is low, and when the sound image moves, the discrimination accuracy is further deteriorated, so that the sound image is localized. Therefore, it is difficult to accurately direct the driver's attention direction to the position and direction of the attention object.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a guidance apparatus capable of guiding the driver's attention direction to the position and direction of the target object with high accuracy and accuracy. And to provide a method for guiding attention.

  The inventors of the present invention have conducted extensive research focusing on the movement perception of human peripheral vision. As a result, when the movement of the visual stimulus element is perceived in the peripheral visual field, the driver It was found that the motion of the visual stimulus element is continuously perceived in the direction of inertial motion.

According to a first aspect of the attention guiding device and the attention guiding method of the present invention, the attention guiding device is installed in a vehicle and translates substantially parallel to a vehicle longitudinal axis sandwiching the head position of the driver of the vehicle. One or more optical visual stimulation elements are presented in the driver's peripheral visual field, and the driver's attention direction is guided to the position and direction of the attention object by the translational movement of the optical visual stimulation elements.

In addition, the second aspect of the attention guiding device and the attention guiding method according to the present invention is such that the attention guiding device is installed in a vehicle and is substantially parallel to a vehicle longitudinal axis that sandwiches the head position of the driver of the vehicle . In addition, a pair of optical visual stimulation elements that move in opposite directions with respect to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle are presented in the driver's peripheral visual field, and the driver's attention direction is primarily determined by the backward movement of the optical visual stimulation elements. Guide from the position and direction of the attention object to the position and direction of the secondary attention object.

  According to the attention guiding device and the attention guiding method according to the present invention, since the optical visual stimulation element for guiding the driver's attention direction is not superimposed on the position and direction of the attention object, the driver's attention direction is It is possible to prevent the driver from facing the optical visual stimulation element itself, not the target of attention, and to reliably guide the driver's direction of attention to the position and direction of the target of attention.

  Further, according to the attention guiding apparatus and the attention guiding method according to the present invention, the driver's attention direction is guided to the position and direction of the attention object by the optical visual stimulation element instead of the sound image. It can be accurately directed to the position and direction of the object.

  Hereinafter, with reference to drawings, the structure of the attention guidance apparatus which becomes the 1st, 2nd embodiment of this invention is demonstrated. In the present specification, the driver's peripheral vision region means a left-right spread of 30 ° with respect to the line of sight L0 of the driver M in the vehicle straight direction, as shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b). The visual field range R1 within 180 ° is indicated above, and the driver's central vision vicinity region is within the visual field range R2 within 30 ° left-right spread with respect to the visual axis L0. In addition, the visual field region R3 and the visual field region R4 illustrated in FIG. 1B indicate a visual field range that can be perceived by the driver M only with the right eye and the left eye, respectively, and have a spread of about 20 °.

  As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the attention guiding apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention is substantially parallel to the peripheral vision region R1 of the driver M and the vehicle longitudinal axis. Disposed display devices 1a and 1b are provided. Then, the display devices 1a and 1b display the translational movements of the optical visual stimulation elements 2a and 2b, respectively, so that the driver perceives the translational movements of the optical visual stimulation elements 2a and 2b by peripheral vision. More specifically, each of the display devices 1a and 1b continuously displays optical visual stimulation elements 2a and 2b that translate from the rear of the vehicle toward the front of the vehicle, and optical visual stimulation to the driver by peripheral vision. The amount of movement and the direction of movement of the elements 2a and 2b are perceived.

  According to such a configuration, the driver continues the translational motion of the optical visual stimulation elements 2a and 2b in the direction of the inertial motion of the translational motion of the optical visual stimulation elements 2a and 2b (on the extension line of the translational motion). As a result, it is felt that the inertial motions of the optical visual stimulation elements 2a and 2b intersect in the central vision vicinity region R2. Therefore, by adjusting the point where the optical visual stimulation elements 2a, 2b intersect to the position and direction of the attention object, the driver's attention direction is changed by the translational movement of the optical visual stimulation elements 2a, 2b. Can be reliably and accurately guided.

  In general, since the driver uses the central vision vicinity region R2 for grasping the situation in front of the vehicle, information for guiding the driver's attention direction to the position and direction of the attention target is the vicinity of the central vision. When displayed in the region R2, the display information hinders the driver's forward view, and information is displayed for a long time in order to guide the driver's attention direction to the position and direction of the attention object more reliably. It is not possible. In addition, the driver's attention direction may be directed to the display information itself, and the driver's attention may not be directed to the intended position and direction.

  On the other hand, as described above, the attention guidance device according to the first exemplary embodiment of the present invention places the driver's attention direction in the peripheral vision region R1 outside the central vision vicinity region R2, and the position and direction of the attention target. Information (translational movement of the optical visual stimulation elements 2a and 2b) is displayed, so that the driver's forward view is not obstructed and the driver's attention direction is more reliably determined. And the display time can be lengthened to guide in the direction.

  In addition, since human peripheral vision can detect the movement of an object as much as central vision and the vicinity of central vision, the translational motion of the optical visual stimulation elements 2a and 2b is displayed in the driver's peripheral vision region R1. Thus, the driver can easily recognize the translational motion of the optical visual stimulation elements 2a and 2b, and as a result, the driver's attention direction can be reliably and accurately guided to the position and direction of the attention object. .

  In this embodiment, the display devices 1a and 1b display the translational motion of the pair of optical visual stimulation elements 2a and 2b, but may display the translational motion of the pair of optical visual stimulation elements. Further, the translational motion of the optical visual stimulation elements 2a and 2b is a visual range R3 and R4 that can be perceived only by the driver's left and right monoculars, more specifically, the line of sight L0 of the driver M toward the vehicle straight direction. On the other hand, it is desirable to display up to a range of 140 ° or more.

  The display devices 1a and 1b are arranged at, for example, a head lining surface (see FIG. 20), a door trim surface, a sun visor surface, an instrument panel surface, a front pillar surface, and the like. It is desirable to arrange them substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis. Thereby, when considering the vehicle layout, the mountability is improved, and it is possible to prevent the attention inducing element from being superimposed in the direction of the attention object.

  In this embodiment, the display devices 1a and 1b display the translational motion of the optical visual stimulation elements 2a and 2b. However, the display devices 1a and 1b are substantially parallel to the peripheral vision region R1 of the driver M and the vehicle longitudinal axis. A plurality of self-illuminators such as high-intensity LEDs may be arranged and the lighting time of the self-illuminators may be controlled to present the translational motion of the optical visual stimulation elements 2a and 2b to the driver. In this case, the self-luminous body may be disposed so as to be embedded in, for example, the upper surface portion of the door trim (reference numeral 41 shown in FIGS. 21A and 21B).

  When an LED is used as the self-luminous body, the LED lamp may have a cylindrical shape as shown in FIG. 11A, or a square as shown in FIG. 11B by attaching a cover or a lens. You may make it a shape. When the display devices 1a and 1b are composed of EL liquid crystals, the optical visual stimulation elements may be presented step by step or continuously as shown in FIG.

  In addition, when using several self-light-emitting body as mentioned above, it is desirable for the lighting time of each self-light-emitting body to be 200 [msec] or less. In general, it is said that the visually induced saccade reaction time (the time from when the optical visual stimulus element is presented until the eye movement occurs) is about 200 [msec] in humans, and thus the peripheral visual field region R1. Even if the optical visual stimulation element is presented, if the presentation time is 200 [msec] or less, it is difficult for the driver to move his / her line of sight toward the optical visual stimulation element. Therefore, when the lighting time of each self-luminous body is 200 [msec] or less (specifically, a range of 50 to 200 [msec] is desirable), the driver's attention is paid to the optical visual stimulation element itself. Since the possibility of facing is reduced, only the inertial movement of the optical visual stimulation element can be perceived by the driver.

  Hereinafter, configurations of some application examples of the attention guiding device will be described.

[Application Example 1]
As shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the display devices 1a and 1b have a difference (ωl− ωr) may be provided. According to such a configuration, since the intersection of the inertial motions of the optical visual stimulation element can be moved in the direction of the optical visual stimulation element having a low moving angular velocity, the driver's attention direction is guided in an arbitrary direction. be able to.

  Specifically, when the moving angular velocities ωl and ωr of the optical visual stimulation elements 2a and 2b that translate from the rear of the vehicle toward the front of the vehicle are equal, as described above, the driver can optically stimulate the optical visual stimulation elements 2a and 2b. , So that the driver's attention direction can be guided to the central vision vicinity region R2.

  On the other hand, when a difference is provided in the moving angular velocities ωl and ωr of the optical visual stimulation elements 2a and 2b, as shown in FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b), the optical visual stimulation elements 2a, 2b, Since the intersection point X of the inertial motion 2b moves in the left-right direction X ′, X ″, the driver's attention direction can be moved in the left-right direction.

  More specifically, when the movement angular velocity ωl of the optical visual stimulation element 2a is larger than the movement angular velocity ωr of the optical visual stimulation element 2b, as shown in FIG. Since the intersection point X of the inertial motion 2b moves in the right direction X ′, the driver's attention direction can be guided to the right side of the traveling direction when the vehicle goes straight.

  On the other hand, when the movement angular velocity ωl of the optical visual stimulation element 2a is smaller than the movement angular velocity ωr of the optical visual stimulation element 2b, as shown in FIG. 2A, the optical visual stimulation elements 2a, 2b Since the intersection point X of the inertial movement moves in the left direction X ″, the driver's attention direction can be guided to the left side of the traveling direction when the vehicle goes straight.

  When the translational movement of the optical visual stimulation elements 2a and 2b is presented to the driver using the above-described self-luminous body, the position is located on the left side of the driver as shown in FIGS. The lighting time TlN (N = 1 to N) and the lighting time interval TlN (N = 1 to N) of N (> 0) self-luminous elements, and N (> 0) number of the right side of the driver By changing the lighting time TrN (N = 1 to N) and the lighting time interval TrN (N = 1 to N) of the self-luminous body, a difference is made in the moving angular velocities ωl and ωr of the optical visual stimulation elements 2a and 2b. The effects as described above can be obtained.

[Application 2]
The display devices 1a and 1b change the ratio of the moving angular velocities ωl and ωr of the optical visual stimulation elements 2a and 2b as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B according to the position and direction of the attention object. Also good. According to such a configuration, the driver's attention direction can be controlled without depending on the absolute moving angular velocity. In addition, since the intersection of the inertial motions of the optical visual stimulation element can be moved, the driver's attention direction can be guided in an arbitrary direction.

  More specifically, when the ratio of the moving angular velocities ωl and ωr of the optical visual stimulation elements 2a and 2b is 1, as described above, the driver's attention direction is guided to the traveling direction when the vehicle is traveling straight ahead. In contrast, when the amount of displacement in the right direction is positive, the ratio (ωr / ωl) of the movement angular velocity ωl of the optical visual stimulation element 2a to the movement angular velocity ωr of the optical visual stimulation element 2b is greater than 1. As shown in FIG. 4 (a), the intersection X of the inertial motion of the optical visual stimulation elements 2a and 2b moves in the right direction X ', so that the driver's attention direction is more than the traveling direction when the vehicle is traveling straight ahead. It can be guided in the right direction.

  On the other hand, when the ratio (ωl / ωr) of the moving angular velocity ωr of the optical visual stimulating element 2b to the moving angular velocity ωl of the optical visual stimulating element 2a is larger than 1, as shown in FIG. Since the intersection point X of the inertial motions of the visual stimulation elements 2a and 2b moves in the left direction X ″, the driver's attention direction can be guided to the left side of the traveling direction when the vehicle goes straight. When the ratio of the moving angular velocities ωl and ωr of the optical visual stimulation elements 2a and 2b is changed, the driver can change the optical visual stimulation elements 2a and 2b as shown by the gentle curves La and Lb shown in FIG. Perceive inertial movement.

  In the conventional attention guidance device, as shown in FIG. 6 (c), speakers Sl and Sr are arranged in the left and right direction of the driver, and sound waves P1 and P2 of about 1 and 2 [kHz] are output from the speakers Sl and Sr. Then, by causing the sound waves P1 and P2 to interfere with each other, the sound image is localized at the position and direction corresponding to the attention object (the black circle position in FIG. 6C), so that the driver's attention direction is changed to the position and direction of the attention object. A method of guiding to the above is considered. However, in general, the discrimination accuracy in the direction of the sound image of a human is poor at about 5 to 10 ° because the spatial resolution of the sound field is low, and this discrimination accuracy is further deteriorated when the sound image is accompanied by motion. If it is assumed that the sound field is completely controlled, it is difficult to accurately direct the driver's attention direction to the position and direction of the attention object.

  On the other hand, the translational motion of the optical visual stimulation elements 2a and 2b is presented to the driver in the layout as shown in FIG. 6A, and the optical visual stimulation element 2a with respect to the moving angular velocity ωr of the optical visual stimulation element 2b. As a result of an experiment to increase the ratio of the moving angular velocity ωl from 1.2 to 9, it was found that the driver's attention direction changes to the right from 1 ° to 5 °.

  Similarly, when the ratio of the moving angular velocity ωr of the optical visual stimulation element 2b to the moving angular velocity ωl of the optical visual stimulation element 2a is increased from 1.2 to 12.5, the driver's attention direction is 1 It was found that the angle changed from the ° direction to the 4 ° direction to the left. Further, as a result of summarizing this experiment, as shown in FIG. 6B, it is clear that the variation in the change in the attention direction angle with the change in the moving angular velocity ratio of the optical visual stimulation element is about 1 °. It was.

  From this, as described above, when the ratio of the moving angular velocities ωl and ωr of the optical visual stimulation elements 2a and 2b is changed according to the position and direction of the attention object, the sound image is localized to thereby determine the driver's position. It can be seen that the accuracy is more than five times that of the method of guiding the attention direction to the position and direction of the attention object.

[Application Example 3]
When the translational movement of the optical visual stimulation elements 2a and 2b is presented to the driver using the above-described self-luminous body, N (> 0) self located on the left side of the driver as shown in FIG. A time difference may be provided between the lighting start time T10 of the light emitter and the lighting start times Tr0 of N (> 0) self-light emitters located on the right side of the driver. According to such a configuration, the driver's attention direction is directed to the direction of the optical visual stimulation element presented by the self-illuminator having a slow lighting start time, so that the driver's attention direction is guided in an arbitrary direction. Can do.

[Application Example 4]
The display devices 1a and 1b make the contrast of one optical visual stimulation element the other optical visual stimulation element by making the luminance of one optical visual stimulation element higher or lower than the luminance of the other optical visual stimulation element. It may be higher or lower than the contrast of the stimulating element. According to such a configuration, the driver's attention direction is directed to the direction of the optical visual stimulation element having a low contrast, so that the driver's attention direction can be guided in an arbitrary direction.

  More specifically, when the moving angular velocities ωl and ωr of the optical visual stimulation elements 2a and 2b are the same, as shown in FIG. 8A, the luminance IL1 of one optical visual stimulation element is set to the other optical intensity. To increase the driver's motion perception with respect to one optical visual stimulation element and to induce the driver's attention direction in the direction of the one optical visual stimulation element. it can.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 8B, the luminance IL3 of the peripheral portion (base portion) of the optical visual stimulation element that the driver wants to perceive among the optical visual stimulation elements 2a and 2b is changed to the optical visual stimulation element. By making the light emission slightly lower (ΔIL) than the brightness IL of the optical visual stimulation element, the contrast difference between the optical visual stimulation element and its peripheral portion is reduced, and the momentum of the optical visual stimulation element is made small to make the driver perceive the momentum. The driver's attention direction can be guided in the direction of the optical visual stimulation element perceived as small.

[Application Example 5]
When the translational movement of the optical visual stimulation elements 2a and 2b is presented to the driver using the above-mentioned self-luminous body, the lighting start time t _n-1 of each luminous body is controlled as shown in FIG. Thus, the moving angular acceleration of the optical visual stimulation element may be controlled. According to such a configuration, the driver perceives the inertial movement of the optical visual stimulation element so as to be released in the direction in which the presentation of the optical visual stimulation element is finished. Can emphasize exercise. In addition, by shortening the lighting time of each light emitter toward the movement direction, it is possible to make the driver perceive the optical visual stimulation element as accelerating.

[Application Example 6]
When the translational movement of the optical visual stimulation elements 2a and 2b is presented to the driver using the above-mentioned self-luminous body, as shown in FIG. 10, N (> 1) self is located on the left side of the driver. Driving in a state where the lighting time TlN (N = 1 to N) of the luminous body and the lighting time TrN (N = 1 to N) of N (> 1) self-luminous objects located on the right side of the driver are the same. The lighting start time or lighting end time of the N self-light emitters located on the left side of the driver may be synchronized with the lighting start time or lighting end time of the N self-light emitters located on the right side of the driver. According to such a configuration, the driver perceives the optical visual stimulation element to be presented simultaneously or released forward at the same time, and the driver always perceives the movement of the optical visual stimulation element by peripheral vision. be able to.

[Application Example 7]
As shown in FIG. 13, by rotating the two rollers 4a and 4b and moving the seat 6 provided with the patterns 5a, 5b and 5c having different reflectances by the rotation of the rollers 4a and 4b in the vehicle front-rear direction, The translational movement of the optical visual stimulation elements 2a, 2b may be presented to the driver. According to such a configuration, the driver translates the optical visual stimulation elements 2a and 2b due to the difference in reflectance even when the surroundings are bright during the daytime and the contrast of the display devices 1a and 1b and the self-luminous body is low. Can perceive movement.

[Application Example 8]
The direction of the driver's attention may be determined according to the turning angle of the vehicle. According to such a configuration, the driver's attention direction can be controlled in accordance with the vehicle traveling direction. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 14B, the traveling direction of the vehicle is detected from the angle θ of the front wheel T of the vehicle, and the intersection of the inertial motions of the optical visual stimulation elements 1a and 1b according to the angle θ. X is moved (see FIG. 14A). Since the intersection point X is substantially equal to the vehicle traveling direction within the range where the angle θ is 10 ° or less, the vehicle traveling direction and the driver's attention direction can be substantially matched.

[Application Example 8]
When turning the vehicle, the driver's attention direction may be guided in the tangent direction (ΔR and ΔL directions shown in FIG. 15) inside the turn. Generally, it is experimentally and empirically known that the driver's line-of-sight direction is the tangent direction inside the turn when turning the vehicle. At this time, the driver can stabilize the driving operation if the attention direction is also inside the turn. Can be done. Therefore, when the vehicle is turning, the driver can stably perform the driving operation by guiding the driver's attention direction toward the tangent direction inside the turning.

  Specifically, when the vehicle turns, as shown in FIGS. 15A and 15B, the offset amount and turning radius of the driver's seat center P1 with respect to the vehicle center P0 are D and R, respectively. Walls are defined at the positions of the distance WR and the distance WL, and the tangential directions from the driver's eye position E to the inner wall of the turn (tangent directions at the point CP on the wall) θR, θL are the attention directions with respect to the traveling direction of the vehicle The driver's attention direction is guided in this attention direction.

Note that the attention directions θR and θL are expressed by the following formulas 1 and 2. The offset amount D of the driver's seat center P1 with respect to the vehicle center P0 is positive when it is offset to the right with respect to the vehicle center P0. In addition, parameters such as the turning radius R, distance WL, and distance WR may be defined by actual distances with reference to information from a car navigation device on a highway, for example, or detection of the driver's line-of-sight direction It may be estimated from the result. Further, the turning radius R may be estimated from the speed or steering angle of the vehicle.

[Application Example 9]
As shown in FIG. 16, an obstacle OB existing in front of the vehicle is detected using the attention object detection means 11 such as an external camera, an IR sensor, or a millimeter radar, and the attention object position estimation means 12 is detected by the driver. The distance and direction to the obstacle OB thus calculated may be calculated, and the display control unit 13 may change the presentation time of each of the optical visual stimulation elements 2a and 2b based on the calculation result. According to such a configuration, it is possible to guide the driver's attention direction in a direction where attention should be directed for safety.

  The display control unit 13 may change the moving angular velocity of the optical visual stimulation elements 2a and 2b according to the detected direction of the obstacle, and when the obstacle is located far away, the optical visual stimulation is performed. When the moving angular velocity of the elements 2a and 2b is fast and the obstacle is located nearby, the moving angular velocity of the optical visual stimulation elements 2a and 2b may be slowed.

[Application Example 10]
As shown in FIG. 17, the vehicle state quantity detection means 21 detects vehicle state quantities such as shift timing, steering angle change, acceleration change, vehicle G change, etc., and the display / non-display determination unit 22 detects the vehicle state quantity. Accordingly, the display / non-display of the optical visual stimulation elements 2a and 2b may be determined, and the display control unit 23 may control the operations of the display devices 1a and 1b according to the determination result of the display / non-display determination unit 22. According to such a configuration, the driver's direction of caution can be guided when the driver needs to be alerted.

  More specifically, the display / non-display determination unit 22 performs display control so as to present the optical visual stimulation elements 2a and 2b when the G fluctuation generated in the vehicle in response to the shift operation becomes a certain level or more. The unit 23 is controlled. Further, when the G fluctuation generated in the vehicle due to the speed change operation becomes equal to or greater than the G fluctuation value at which the driver's head can fluctuate in the front-rear direction or the vertical direction, the optical visual stimulation elements 2a and 2b are presented. The display control unit 23 is controlled.

  In general, when the driver's head is swung back and forth, left and right, and up and down due to vehicle movement, the driver's line of sight becomes difficult to determine, and the driver's own vehicle's direction of travel and the object of attention may be lost. However, by presenting the optical visual stimulation elements 2a and 2b at this time, the driver's attention direction can be directed to the direction of attention that the driver tends to lose.

[Application Example 11]
As shown in FIG. 18, the driver situation detection unit 31 detects a driver situation such as a driver's eye movement or blink, and the driver awakening degree determination unit 32 detects the driver's awakening according to the driver situation. The display control unit 33 may control the operation of the display devices 1a and 1b according to the determination result of the driver's arousal level determination unit 32. According to such a configuration, even if the driver's awareness of the direction of travel is low due to looking aside, falling asleep, and distraction, the driver's attention direction is guided in the direction of travel, and the awareness of the direction of travel is enhanced Can do.

  More specifically, when the number of blinks of the driver is a certain value or more, the driver's arousal level determination unit 32 determines that the driver's arousal level is low, and the display control unit 33 does not lose sight of the traveling direction. Thus, the operations of the display devices 1a and 1b are controlled so as to guide the direction of attention. Further, when the movement amount of the line of sight relative to the traveling direction is large and the stop time is 0.2 [seconds] or more, the driver's arousal level determination unit 32 determines that the driver is driving aside and displays control is performed. The unit 33 controls the operations of the display devices 1a and 1b so as to present the optical visual stimulation elements 2a and 2b.

[Application Example 12]
When the presentation of the translational motion of the optical visual stimulation elements 2a, 2b is started, the driver's attention direction is deviated from the current direction by simultaneously presenting the optical visual stimulation elements 2a, 2b as shown in FIG. After that, the presentation of the translational motion of the optical visual stimulation elements 2a and 2b may be started. When the driver is paying attention to an object that is not directly related to driving, it is difficult to guide the driver's attention direction in the direction of the attention object.

  For this reason, after presenting the optical visual stimulation elements 2a and 2b at the same time, the display of the optical visual stimulation elements 2a and 2b is started to release the driver's attention direction from the current direction. The driver's attention direction can be guided in the direction of. Since the optical visual stimulation elements 2a and 2b are presented at the same time, the driver's attention direction goes to one point, and the driver's attention direction does not turn to the optical visual stimulation elements 2a and 2b themselves.

  In the attention guiding device according to the second embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 22 (a) and 22 (b), the display devices 1a and 1b are optical visual stimulation elements 2a that translate in opposite directions. , 2b, the driver is made to perceive optical visual stimulation elements 2a, 2b that translate in opposite directions by peripheral vision. Then, the driver's attention direction is guided from the position and direction of the primary attention object to the position and direction of the secondary attention object by the backward movement of the optical visual stimulation elements 2a and 2b.

  According to such a configuration, the attention direction of the driver is guided in an arbitrary direction by utilizing a phenomenon (apparent movement, which will be described later in detail) that the attention direction is pulled from the direction that leaves the person to the direction that the person himself approaches. be able to. The primary attention object may be the vehicle traveling direction. Further, the primary attention object and the secondary attention object may be the same object, the moving angular velocity may be calculated according to the progress of the host vehicle, and the left and right apparent motions may be adjusted according to the moving angular velocity.

  Here, when moving from a target of attention (primary attention target = advancing direction) to which the driver is paying attention in a straight traveling state, the driver is subject to attention in the tangent direction inside the turning (secondary attention target). At this time, depending on the moving angular velocity of the attention object from the primary attention object to the secondary attention object, the movement angular speed of one optical visual stimulation element is changed to the movement angular speed of the other optical visual stimulation element. May be different. According to such a configuration, since the moving angular velocity in the driver's attention direction depends on the moving angular velocity of the optical visual stimulation element, the moving angular velocity in the driver's attention direction can be controlled.

  As shown in FIG. 27, the moving angular velocity ωf of the attention object is calculated from the vehicle speed from the vehicle speed until the forward distance L from the driver is in the tangential direction (point CP shown in FIG. 15A). It can be calculated from the horizontal angle from the eyeball position E to the tangent direction. Also, when moving the driver's attention from the primary attention object to the secondary attention object, by presenting in which direction the secondary attention object is in relation to the primary attention object (preceding clue information), You may make it improve the precision which a driver | operator perceives a secondary attention object.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 28, when the attention object is moved from the primary attention object position X1 to the secondary attention object position X2, the movement angle viewed from the driver from the primary attention object to the secondary attention object is 5 °. Within the central visual field, even if the secondary attention object is presented immediately after the presentation of the primary attention object, the driver can smoothly turn the line of sight toward the secondary attention object by the microsaccade. However, when it is desired to give a large movement from the primary attention object to the secondary attention object, the movement angle becomes 5 ° or more, so that the driver can make a jumping eye movement.

  Therefore, as shown in the flowchart of FIG. 29, it is determined whether or not an angle (movement angle) ΔA (see FIG. 30) formed by the direction of the primary attention object and the direction of the secondary attention object is 5 ° or more ( Step S1), when the angle ΔA is 5 ° or more, the time Δt from the primary attention object presentation to the secondary attention object presentation, the angle ΔA from the secondary attention object after Δt seconds to the moving object angular velocity ωf of the attention object. After calculating and presenting the apparent motion in the left and right reverse direction according to the moving angular velocity ωf (step S2), the direction of attention may be induced by the apparent motion in the translational direction (step S2). Thereby, the movement of attention is continuously moved, the movement of attention is promoted relatively slowly, and the perception accuracy of the secondary attention object is increased.

  Here, in order to facilitate the understanding of the operation of the attention guiding device, a description will be given of a result of an experiment conducted on the moving direction of the driver's attention direction accompanying the movement of the visual stimulus. In this experiment, as shown in FIG. 23, the point sequence of the LEDs 51 arranged on the left and right of the subject was sequentially turned on, and the visual stimulus was presented to the subject by controlling the lighting time interval of the LED 51. Further, the lighting time of the LED 51 was set to 100 [msec], and the visual stimulus was presented to the subject as an apparent motion moving at an angular velocity of 40 to 110 [deg / sec] when viewed from the subject. In addition, the moving angular velocities of the left and right apparent movements are equal to the subject, and the movement directions of the left and right apparent movements are opposite to each other (the right side visual stimulus is moved away from the subject, the left side visual stimulus is applied to the subject). To the closer).

  As a result of the experiment, it was found that the subject gained a sensation of forward attention moving in one direction (left side). Further, as shown in FIG. 24, it has been found that the moving angular velocity of attention increases as the moving angular velocity of the left and right apparent movements increases. In addition, when the movement angular velocity difference is given to the left and right apparent movements, the movement angular velocity of the apparent movement that moves away from the subject is faster than the movement angular velocity of the apparent movement that moves toward the subject. Was found to obtain a sense that the direction of attention moves closer to the subject. On the other hand, when the movement angular velocity of the apparent movement that moves away from the subject is slower than the movement angular velocity of the apparent movement that moves toward the subject, the subject moves the direction of attention in one direction. I couldn't get a sense.

  The apparent movement means a movement that is perceived in spite of the absence of the objective movement of the target. In a narrower sense, stroboscopic motin, which is one of the visible movements, is used. It means (see new edition Sensory Perception Psychology Handbook, Seishin Shobo ISBN-414-30503-9, page 815). More specifically, if the two light spots (or figures) are continuously presented at an appropriate time interval in a place slightly apart, it is as if one object moves smoothly between the two stimulus presentation positions. Although this seems to be, this movement means an apparent movement. Therefore, the driver can make the driver perceive the movement without the actual movement of the object by the apparent movement.

Moreover, the momentum of the optical visual stimulation elements 2a and 2b can be controlled by changing the lighting start time T0, the lighting time t, and the lighting time interval SOA of the LED as shown in FIG. Specifically, the moving speed V of the optical visual stimulation elements 2a and 2b is expressed by the following Equation 3 using L as the LED arrangement interval. Further, the moving angular velocity ω of the optical visual stimulation elements 2a and 2b is expressed by the following Equation 4 using the moving velocity V and the LED arrangement angle θ (see FIG. 26) as viewed from the driver. Therefore, by controlling the LED lighting time interval SOA, the moving angular velocity ω of the optical visual stimulation elements 2a and 2b can be arbitrarily controlled.

In addition, by changing the LED lighting start time T0, the presentation timing can be changed between the optical visual stimulation element 2a and the optical visual stimulation element 2b. Further, the moving angular velocity ωf from the primary attention object to the secondary attention object is expressed by the following Expression 5 when the optical visual stimulation elements 2a and 2b are expressed by ω. Further, when the moving angular velocity ωl of the optical visual stimulation element approaching the driver is constant and the absolute value of the moving angular velocity ωr of the optical visual stimulation element moving away from the driver is larger than the absolute value of the moving angular velocity ωl, the first order The moving angular velocity ωf from the attention object to the secondary attention object is expressed by the following Equation 6. Note that the parameters k, k1, A, and A1 in Equations 5 and 6 are constants.

  As mentioned above, although the embodiment to which the invention made by the present inventors was applied has been described, the present invention is not limited by the description and the drawings that form part of the disclosure of the present invention according to this embodiment. That is, it should be added that other embodiments, examples, operation techniques, and the like made by those skilled in the art based on this embodiment are all included in the scope of the present invention.

It is a figure for demonstrating the structure of the attention guidance apparatus used as the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the process which provides a difference in the moving angular velocity of a pair of optical visual stimulation element according to the position and direction of attention object. It is a figure for demonstrating the process which provides a difference in the moving angular velocity of a pair of optical visual stimulation element according to the position and direction of attention object using several self-light-emitting body. It is a figure for demonstrating the process which changes the ratio of the moving angular velocity of a pair of optical visual stimulation element according to the position and direction of attention object. It is a figure which shows the inertial motion of a pair of optical visual stimulation element perceived by the driver | operator by the process shown in FIG. The layout of the experiment that changes the ratio of the moving angular velocities of the pair of optical visual stimulation elements according to the position and direction of the attention object and the result of the experiment, and the driver's attention direction by locating the sound image It is a figure for demonstrating the method to guide to a direction. It is a figure for demonstrating the process which provides a time difference in the lighting start time of the self-light-emitting body located in the driver | operator's left side, and the lighting start time of the self-light-emitting body located in a driver | operator's right side. It is a figure for demonstrating the process which makes the brightness | luminance of one optical visual stimulation element higher or lower than the brightness | luminance of the other optical visual stimulation element. It is a figure for demonstrating the process which controls the lighting start time of several self-light-emitting body. It is a figure for demonstrating the process which synchronizes the lighting start time or lighting end time of the self-light-emitting body located in the driver | operator's left side, and the lighting start time or lighting end time of the self-light-emitting body located in a driver | operator's right side. . It is a figure which shows an example of the shape of an LED lamp. It is a figure which shows an example of the optical visual stimulation element displayed continuously. It is a figure for demonstrating the process which shows a driver | operator the translational motion of an optical visual stimulation element by moving the sheet | seat provided with the pattern from which a reflectance differs with rotation of a roller to a vehicle front-back direction. It is a figure for demonstrating the process which determines the direction of a driver | operator's attention object according to the turning angle of a vehicle. It is a figure which shows the direction which guide | induces a driver | operator's attention direction at the time of vehicle turning. It is a figure which shows the structure of the application example of the attention guidance apparatus shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the structure of the application example of the attention guidance apparatus shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the structure of the application example of the attention guidance apparatus shown in FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the process which starts presentation of the translational motion of an optical visual stimulation element, after removing a driver | operator's attention direction from the present direction by simultaneously presenting an optical visual stimulation element. It is a figure which shows the example of arrangement | positioning of a display apparatus. It is a figure which shows the example of arrangement | positioning of a self-light-emitting body. It is a figure for demonstrating the structure of the attention guidance apparatus used as the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is an experiment layout for investigating the moving direction of the driver's attention direction accompanying the movement of the visual stimulus. It is a figure which shows the change of the moving average angular velocity of a driver | operator's attention direction accompanying the change of the average angular velocity of apparent movement. It is a figure for demonstrating the control method of the momentum of an optical visual stimulation element. It is a figure which shows the arrangement | positioning angle of LED seen from the driver | operator. It is a figure for demonstrating the calculation method of the moving angular velocity of attention object. It is a figure which shows a mode that an attention object moves to a secondary attention object position from a primary attention object position. It is a flowchart figure which shows attention guidance processing according to the movement angle of the attention object. It is a figure for demonstrating the movement angle of attention object.

Explanation of symbols

1a, 1b: Display devices 2a, 2b: Optical visual stimulation elements

Claims (22)

A pair of or more optical visual stimulation elements that are installed inside the vehicle and that translate in parallel to a vehicle longitudinal axis sandwiching the position of the head of the driver of the vehicle are presented in the driver's peripheral visual field. Attention guidance device, characterized by comprising attention guidance means for guiding the driver's attention direction to the position and direction of the attention object by translational movement of the visual visual stimulation element. The attention guiding apparatus according to claim 1,
The attention inducing means determines the moving angular velocity of one optical visual stimulation element of the pair of optical visual stimulation elements as viewed from the driver according to the position and direction of the attention object. Attention guidance device characterized by different from moving angular velocity of element. The attention guiding apparatus according to claim 1,
The attention guiding means is configured to detect the other optical visual stimulus with respect to a moving angular velocity of one optical visual stimulation element of the pair of one or more optical visual stimulation elements viewed from the driver according to a position and a direction of the attention object. An attention guiding device characterized by changing a ratio of moving angular velocities of elements. The attention guiding apparatus according to claim 1,
The attention inducing means determines the presentation start time of one optical visual stimulation element of the one or more optical visual stimulation elements according to the position and direction of the attention object, and the presentation start time of the other optical visual stimulation element. Attention guidance device characterized by different from. The attention guiding apparatus according to claim 1,
The attention-inducing means determines the contrast of one optical visual stimulation element of the one or more optical visual stimulation elements viewed from the driver according to the position and direction of the attention object. Attention guidance device characterized by being different from contrast. The attention guiding apparatus according to claim 1,
The attention guiding means converts the movement angular acceleration of one optical visual stimulation element of the pair of optical visual stimulation elements viewed from the driver according to the position and direction of the attention object to the other optical vision. Attention guidance device characterized by being different from moving angular acceleration of stimulation element. The attention guiding apparatus according to claim 1,
The attention guiding means determines the translation start time or the presentation end time of the translational movement of one optical visual stimulation element of the one or more optical visual stimulation elements as seen from the driver by the translation of the other optical visual stimulation element. An attention guiding device, characterized by being synchronized with a presentation start time or a presentation end time of exercise. The attention guiding apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
The attention guiding device presents the driver with a translational movement of the one or more optical visual stimulation elements by controlling lighting times of a plurality of self-luminous elements arranged in series. . The attention guiding apparatus according to claim 8,
The attention guiding device controls the lighting time of each self-light-emitting body to 200 [msec] or less. The attention guiding apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
The attention guiding device is characterized by presenting the driver with a translational motion of the one or more optical visual stimulation elements by translating an object. It is an attention guidance device given in any 1 paragraph among Claims 1 thru / or 10, Comprising:
The attention guiding device estimates a traveling direction of a vehicle from a steering angle of the vehicle, and estimates a position and a direction of the attention object based on the estimated traveling direction of the vehicle. The attention guiding apparatus according to claim 11,
The attention guiding device is characterized in that, when turning the vehicle, the attention guiding unit directs the position and direction of the attention object toward the inside of the turn from the traveling direction of the vehicle. The attention guiding apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 12,
The attention guiding device detects an obstacle existing in the traveling direction of the vehicle, and sets the position and direction of the obstacle viewed from the driver to the position and direction of the attention object. The attention guidance device according to any one of claims 1 to 13,
The attention guiding device starts presenting the translational motion of the one or more optical visual stimulation elements when the state quantity of the vehicle satisfies a predetermined condition. It is an attention guidance device given in any 1 paragraph among Claims 1 thru / or 14,
The attention guiding device starts presenting a translational motion of the one or more optical visual stimulation elements when the driver's consciousness level satisfies a predetermined condition. The attention guiding apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 15,
When the attention guiding means starts presenting the translational movement of the one or more optical visual stimulation elements, the attention guiding means starts presenting the translational movement after simultaneously presenting the one or more optical visual stimulation elements. Attention guidance device to do. The attention guiding apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 16,
A translational movement of the one or more optical visual stimulation elements in at least one region of a vehicle door trim surface portion, a headlining surface portion, a sun visor surface portion, an instrument panel surface portion, and a front pillar surface portion. Attention guidance device characterized by presenting. Driving one or more optical visual stimulation elements installed inside the vehicle and moving in parallel with the vehicle longitudinal axis sandwiching the head position of the driver of the vehicle and moving in opposite directions with respect to the vehicle longitudinal direction who presented in the peripheral visual field attention induction to induce note direction of the driver by movement of the opposite direction of the optical visual stimulus elements from the primary care position and orientation of the object in the position and orientation of the secondary watched An attention guidance device comprising means. The attention guiding device according to claim 18,
The attention guiding means includes one optical visual stimulation element of the one or more optical visual stimulation elements according to a moving angular velocity of the attention object from the primary attention object direction to the secondary attention object direction as viewed from the driver. The attention guiding apparatus is characterized in that the moving angular velocity of the optical visual stimulation element is different from the moving angular velocity of the other optical visual stimulation element. The attention induction device according to claim 18 or claim 19,
The attention guiding means is
When the movement angle of the driver's attention direction from the primary attention object to the secondary attention object is within a predetermined angle, the pair that translates substantially parallel to the vehicle longitudinal axis that sandwiches the head position of the driver of the vehicle. The above optical visual stimulation element is presented in the driver's peripheral visual field, and the driver's attention direction is changed from the position and direction of the primary attention object to the position of the secondary attention object by the translational movement of the optical visual stimulation element. Guiding in the direction,
When the movement angle of the driver's attention direction from the primary attention object to the secondary attention object is larger than a predetermined angle, a pair of optical visual stimulation elements that move in opposite directions substantially parallel to the vehicle longitudinal axis are provided. After presenting in the driver's peripheral visual field, a pair of optical visual stimulating elements that translate in parallel to the vehicle longitudinal axis are presented in the driver's peripheral visual field, and the optical visual stimulating element is translated. An attention guiding device that guides the driver's attention direction from the position and direction of the primary attention object to the position and direction of the secondary attention object by movement. A caution induction method for guiding the driver's attention by a caution induction device installed inside the vehicle,
A pair of or more optical visual stimulation elements that translate substantially parallel to the vehicle longitudinal axis across the head position of the driver of the vehicle are presented in the driver's peripheral visual field, and the optical visual stimulation elements are translated. A method for guiding the driver's attention direction to the position and direction of the attention object. A caution induction method for guiding the driver's attention by a caution induction device installed inside the vehicle,
Presents in the driver's peripheral visual field a pair of or more optical visual stimulation elements that move approximately parallel to the vehicle longitudinal axis across the vehicle driver's head position and opposite to each other in the vehicle longitudinal direction. and, note, characterized by the step of inducing the attention direction of the driver by movement of the opposite direction of the optical visual stimulus elements from the primary care position and orientation of the object in the position and orientation of the secondary watched Guidance method.