JP4604401B2

JP4604401B2 - Receiving method and receiving device

Info

Publication number: JP4604401B2
Application number: JP2001180792A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 和裕西村; 幸博笹部; 靖史加藤; 光夫山本
Original assignee: Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd
Current assignee: Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd
Priority date: 2001-06-14
Filing date: 2001-06-14
Publication date: 2011-01-05
Anticipated expiration: 2021-06-14
Also published as: JP2002371309A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、高炉から出銑される溶銑を、傾注樋を介して鍋車に受銑させる受銑方法及び受銑装置に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
高炉が出銑した溶銑は、一般に、鍋車に受銑させて、製鉄設備へ運搬される。
鍋車に溶銑を受銑させる受銑装置は、両側に溶銑出口を有する傾注樋及び該傾注樋の駆動装置を備え、高炉から出銑された溶銑は、例えば主樋を介して、前記傾注樋に導かれる。該傾注樋は、一方向に傾斜することによって、一方の溶銑出口の下に置かれた鍋車に溶銑を受銑させる。前記鍋車が受銑した溶銑が所定量に達したとき、傾注樋を傾動して前記鍋車の受銑を終了する。次いで、傾注樋は他向に傾斜することによって、他方の溶銑出口の下に置かれた鍋車に溶銑を受銑させる。
受銑した鍋車は、搬送システムに制御されて製鉄設備へ溶銑を運搬し、製鉄設備から空の鍋車が受銑装置へ移動して、該鍋車が再び受銑することを繰り返す。
【０００３】
従来の受銑装置を用いる場合、作業者は、受銑中の鍋車の湯面レベル及び空の鍋車が所定位置に待機していることを目視で確認し、鍋車が所定の湯面レベルまで受銑したとき、傾注樋の駆動装置を操作して、傾注樋を傾動させ、前記鍋車の受銑を終了する。このため、作業者のミス又は目測による誤差によって湯面レベルが所定より過剰に低い状態で鍋車の受銑が終了したときは、鍋車が運搬する銑鉄の量が減少して鍋車の回転効率が悪化し、また、所定より過剰に高い状態で鍋車の受銑が終了したときは、例えば鍋車から溶銑があふれて重大な事故が発生することがあった。また、制御装置の誤操作による事故が発生することもあった。更に、受銑作業場は高温状態であり、作業環境は良いとは言えない。
【０００４】
このような事情に鑑み、特開平５−１２５４１３号公報、特開平６−８８６７９号公報、及び特開平６−２７３０７１号公報は、自動化された受銑装置を開示している。該受銑装置は、鍋車内の溶銑の湯面レベルを測定するレベル計、鍋車の重量を測定する重量計、及び傾注樋の駆動装置の制御装置とを備え、該制御装置が、レベル計又は重量計の実測値が所定値に達した時点で駆動装置を制御して傾注樋を傾動させることによって、作業者による湯面レベルの確認ミス、目測による誤差、及び制御装置の誤操作等を防止して、安全に、また確実に受銑作業を行うことができる。更に、前記受銑装置に撮・映像手段を追加した場合は、作業者が受銑作業場から遠隔した場所で湯面レベル及び鍋車の待機状況等を確認できるため、より安全に、また確実に作業を行うことができる。
【０００５】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、従来の受銑装置は、湯面レベルを測定するレベル計及び鍋車の重量を測定する重量計を備え、場合によっては撮・映像手段も備えるため、構成が複雑である。また、重量計として用いられるロードセルは高価である。
また、チャタリング（レベル計の実測値の振動）又はフォーミング（湯面の泡立ち）等によって、レベル計から送られて来る実測値信号が一時的に高く又は低くなることがあるため、重量計を用いずに、レベル計のみを用いて前記受銑装置を構成する場合であって、従来のように、レベル計の実測値が所定値に達した時点で駆動装置を制御して傾注樋を傾動させた場合は、所定量を確実に受銑することができない。
【０００６】
本発明は斯かる事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、鍋車内の溶銑の湯面レベルを測定し、実測値の誤差を低減した算出値を算出し、受銑開始からの経過時間を計測し、該計測時間及び前記算出値に基づいて傾注樋を傾動することにより、高価なロードセルを用いなくても、鍋車に所定量の溶銑を安全に、また確実に受銑させることができる受銑方法を提供することを目的とする。
本発明の他の目的は、算出値を、所定の係数を用い、実測値と前回の算出値との関係式で算出することにより、実測値の誤差を低減した算出値を用いて、所定量の受銑を確実に行うことができる受銑方法を提供することにある。
本発明の他の目的は、算出値を、今回の実測値とｎ回前までの実測値（ｎは自然数）との関係式で算出することにより、誤差低減のための係数を予め求めなくても、実測値の誤差を低減した算出値を用いて、所定量の受銑を確実に行うことができる受銑方法を提供することにある。
【０００７】
本発明の更に他の目的は、レベル計の実測値を用いて算出値を求め、受銑開始からの経過時間を計測し、該経過時間及び前記算出値を用いて傾注樋の傾動を制御する手段を備えることにより、高価なロードセルを用いなくても、鍋車に所定量の溶銑を安全に、また確実に受銑させることができる受銑装置を提供することにある。
【０００８】
【課題を解決するための手段】
第１発明に係る受銑方法は、高炉が出銑した溶銑を、傾注樋を一方向に傾斜させて鍋車に受銑させ、次いで、他の鍋車に受銑させるべく、前記傾注樋を他方向に傾斜させる受銑方法において、前記鍋車の受銑開始からの経過時間を計測し、該経過時間が予め定められた時間幅の最長時間以上であるか否かを判断し、前記最長時間以上の場合は警報を発し、また、前記鍋車内の溶銑の湯面レベルを測定し、該湯面レベルの実測値を、所定の誤差低減方法を用いて前記実測値の誤差を低減した算出値を時系列的に算出し、前記経過時間が前記最長時間未満の場合は、前記算出値が予め定められた閾値以上であるか否かを判断して、前記閾値未満の場合は受銑を継続し、前記閾値以上の場合は、前記経過時間が前記時間幅の最短時間以上であるか否かを判断し、また、前記算出値の、前回の算出値からの変化量が予め定められた範囲以内であるか否かを判断して、前記経過時間が前記最短時間未満である場合又は前記変化量が前記範囲を超越している場合は警報を発し、前記経過時間が前記最短時間以上の場合及び前記変化量が前記範囲以内の場合は他の鍋車の受銑を開始することを特徴とする。
【０００９】
第１発明にあっては、受銑中の鍋車の受銑開始からの経過時間が予め定められた最長時間以上に達した場合は、既に受銑量が所定量に達していることが、レベル計の誤検出又は故障等により検出されず、鍋車内に所定量以上の溶銑が受銑されて危険な状態になっている可能性があると判断し、作業者に注意を促すための警報を発する。
経過時間が最長時間未満であって、算出値が閾値未満である場合は、鍋車内の溶銑が所定量に到達していないと判断して、受銑を継続する。
経過時間が最長時間未満であって、算出値が閾値以上に到達した場合は、鍋車内の溶銑が所定量に到達したと判断して、傾注樋を傾動して他の鍋車の受銑を開始するが、算出値が閾値以上に到達した場合であっても、経過時間が最短時間以上に達していない場合は、算出値から判断できる結果（所定量に到達）と経過時間から判断できる結果（所定量に未到）とが矛盾しているため、レベル計の誤検出、若しくは故障等が発生した、又は閾値、若しくは最短時間等の設定にミスがあった可能性があると判断して、作業者に対し警報を発する。また、算出値が閾値に到達した場合であっても、算出値の変化量が許容範囲を越えている場合は、レベル計の誤検出、又は故障等が発生した可能性があると判断して警報を発する。警報が発せられた場合は、例えば作業者が受銑状態を目視で確認して手動で傾注樋の駆動装置を操作すること、又は高炉からの出銑を中止すること等の対処ができるため、鍋車に所定量の溶銑を安全に、また確実に受銑させることができ、更に、過剰な受銑及び過少な受銑を防止することができる。
【００１０】
なお、前記最長時間は、遅くともその時点までには鍋車内の溶銑量が所定量に達するはずである受銑開始からの経過時間であり、最短時間は、早くてもその時点には鍋車内の溶銑量が所定量に達しないはずである受銑開始からの経過時間であって、最長時間及び最短時間は、大まかに把握できる高炉からの出銑スピードと鍋車の容量との関係及び過去の操業実績に基づき定めることができるが、更に安全性も加味して定めることができる。また、前記変化量の範囲は、前記出銑スピードと湯面レベルの測定間隔との関係及び過去の操業実績に、安全性又は作業性も考慮して定めることができる。また、前記最長時間、最短時間、及び変化量の範囲は、当初安全目に設定しておき、その後の操業実績に基づいて、より最適な値に調整することもできる。
【００１１】
第２発明に係る受銑方法は、前記誤差低減方法は、前記算出値Ｙ_kを、前記実測値Ｘ_k、測定した回数ｋ、前回の算出値Ｙ_k-1、及び所定の係数α（０＜α＜１）と、Ｙ_k＝αＸ_k＋（１−α）Ｙ_k-1の式とを用いて算出することを特徴とする。
【００１２】
第２発明にあっては、鍋車内の溶銑が所定量に到達したときの湯面レベルを算出値の閾値Ｄとし、例えばＹ₀＝Ｘ₁と置き、Ｙ_k＝αＸ_k＋（１−α）Ｙ_k-1＝α（Ｘ_k−Ｙ_k-1）＋Ｙ_k-1の式を用いて、今回の湯面レベルを、前回の湯面レベルに、今回の湯面レベルと前回の湯面レベルとの差、即ち湯面レベルの変化量を加算したものと考えて、該変化量を係数αで調整することによって、実測値の誤差を低減し、Ｙ_k≧Ｄのとき鍋車内の溶銑が所定の受銑量に到達したと判断するため、実測値の誤差を低減した算出値を用いて、所定量の受銑を確実に行うことができる。
また、係数αが１に近すぎる場合は、算出値と実測値とが略等しくなって、実際の湯面レベルがＤ未満であってもＹ_k≧Ｄとなることがある。また、係数αが０に近すぎる場合は、今回の算出値と前回の算出値とが略等しくなって、実際の湯面レベルがＤ以上であってもＹ_k＜Ｄとなることがある。このため、αの値を、例えば予め実験を繰り返すことによって最適化しておく場合は、前記変化量を係数αで調整して誤差を低減することができる。
【００１３】
第３発明に係る受銑方法は、前記誤差低減方法は、前記算出値Ｙ_kを、前記実測値Ｘ_k、測定した回数ｋ、自然数ｎ、及びｎ回前の実測値Ｘ_k-nと、Ｙ_k＝（Ｘ_k＋Ｘ_k-1＋Ｘ_k-2＋…＋Ｘ_k-n）／（ｎ＋１）の式とを用いて算出することを特徴とする。
【００１４】
第３発明にあっては、鍋車内の溶銑が所定量に到達したときの湯面レベルを算出値の閾値Ｄとし、また、ｋ−ｎ≦０のときは例えばＸ_k-n＝Ｘ_kと置いて、Ｙ_k＝（Ｘ_k＋Ｘ_k-1＋Ｘ_k-2＋…＋Ｘ_k-n）／（ｎ＋１）の式を用いてｎ回分の実測値の平均値を算出して誤差を低減し、Ｙ_k≧Ｄのとき鍋車内の溶銑が所定の受銑量に到達したと判断するため、実測値の誤差を低減でき、所定量の受銑を確実に行うことができる。
また、ｎ回前までの実測値を用いて算出値を算出することによって、該算出値が実際の湯面レベルより小さくなる場合、実際の湯面レベルがＤ以上となる時刻より算出値がＤ以上となる時刻が遅れることがあるため、閾値Ｄを、鍋車内の溶銑が所定量に到達したときの湯面レベルより少し小さい値とすることによって、所定量の受銑を確実に行うことができる。
【００１５】
第４発明に係る受銑装置は、両側に溶銑出口を有し、一方向に傾斜して、高炉が出銑した溶銑を一方の溶銑出口の下に置かれた鍋車に受銑させる傾注樋と、前記溶銑を他方の溶銑出口の下に置かれた鍋車に受銑させるべく、前記傾注樋を他方向に傾斜するよう傾動させる傾注樋傾動手段とを備える受銑装置において、鍋車内の溶銑の湯面レベルを測定するレベル計と、該レベル計の実測値を所定の誤差低減方法を用いて前記実測値の誤差を低減した算出値となす演算手段と、前記鍋車の受銑開始からの経過時間を計測する計時手段と、前記経過時間及び前記算出値を用いて警報を発するか否かを判断する第１の手段と、警報を発するべきと判断した場合に警報を発する警報発信手段と、警報を発しない場合に前記鍋車の受銑を終了するか否かを判断する第２の手段と、終了すると判断した場合に前記傾注樋傾動手段を制御して前記傾注樋を他方向に傾斜するよう傾動させ、他の鍋車の受銑を開始する手段とを備え、前記第１の手段は、前記経過時間が予め定められた時間幅の最長時間以上である場合、前記算出値が予め定められた閾値以上であり、且つ、前記経過時間が前記時間幅の最短時間未満である場合、又は、前記算出値が前記閾値以上であり、且つ、前記算出値の、前回の算出値からの変化量が予め定められた範囲を超越している場合に、警報を発するべきと判断するようにしてあり、前記第２の手段は、前記経過時間が前記最長時間未満であって、しかも前記最短時間以上であり、前記算出値が前記閾値以上であり、且つ、前記変化量が前記範囲以内の場合に、終了すると判断するようにしてあることを特徴とする。
【００１６】
第４発明にあっては、レベル計の実測値を用いて該実測値の誤差を低減した算出値を求める演算手段と、鍋車の受銑開始からの経過時間を計測する計時手段と、前記経過時間及び前記算出値を用いて、受銑の終了若しくは継続、又はエラーを判断する判断手段と、判断した結果に基づいて作業者に警報を発し、又は傾注樋を傾動させる手段とを制御部として構成して、レベル計及び傾注樋傾動手段に接続することができるため、高価なロードセルを用いなくても、鍋車に所定量の溶銑を安全に、また確実に受銑させることができ、また、装置の構造が簡易である。
【００１７】
また、前記制御部は、一方向に傾斜している傾注樋が鍋車に受銑させている場合であって、前記判断手段がエラーの可能性があると判断したときは、作業者に警報を発して注意を促す手段と、前記判断手段が受銑の終了を判断したときは、前記傾注樋を他方向に傾斜するよう傾動させて他の鍋車に受銑させる手段と、作業者に警報を発しないとき及び受銑を終了しないときは受銑を継続する手段とを備えるため、作業者が受銑を行なう度に傾注樋傾動手段を手動で駆動させる必要がなく、作業者のミスによる事故を防止し、更に、作業の安全性を向上することができる。
更に、第１発明乃至第４発明の何れかに記載の受銑方法の実施に使用することによって、鍋車に所定量の溶銑を安全に、また確実に受銑させることができ、過剰な受銑及び過少な受銑を防止することができるため、受銑作業を自動化することができる。
【００１８】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明をその実施の形態を示す図面に基づいて詳述する。
図１は本発明に係る受銑装置の模式的正面図、図２は該受銑装置の模式的側面図、図３は該受銑装置の模式的水平断面図である。
図中１は高炉であり、該高炉１が出銑した溶銑１０を傾注樋４まで導くよう延設してある主樋２は、長手方向両端に流入口と流出口とを有し、流入口が高炉１の底部付近に設けられ、流出口の下側に傾注樋４が設置してある。傾注樋４は、主樋２の長手方向に交叉する方向を長手方向として設置してあり、該長手方向の両側に溶銑出口を有し、各溶銑出口の下側に、傾注樋４がある受銑作業場から図示しない製鉄設備まで、搬送路６，６が敷設してある。
各搬送路６上には、受銑すべき鍋車５が溶融出口の真下に位置するようにして、複数の鍋車５，５，…が搬送路６に沿って移動可能に乗せてある。
【００１９】
傾注樋４の各溶銑出口近傍には、受銑中の鍋車５の湯面レベルを計測するレベル計３が設置され、レベル計３，３は、湯面レベルの実測値を電気信号として出力し、受銑作業場から離れた制御室７に設置してある制御部８へ送信すべく、ＬＡＮ１１ａを介して制御部８に接続してある。
また、傾注樋４の下部には、該傾注樋４を傾動して一方又は他方に傾斜させる駆動装置９が備えられている。該駆動装置９は、前記制御部８から制御信号を受信すべく、ＬＡＮ１１ｂを介して制御部８に接続され、前記制御信号に従って、傾注樋４を傾動する。制御信号が受銑開始信号である場合は、傾注樋４を一方に傾斜するよう傾動する。制御信号が受銑終了信号である場合は、傾注樋４を他方に傾斜するよう傾動する。
【００２０】
図４は該受銑装置の制御部８のブロック図である。
図中８１は、パーソナルコンピュータを用いてなる制御部８のＣＰＵであり、該ＣＰＵ８１は、バス８０を介し、計時部８２、表示部８３、操作部８４、ＲＡＭ８５、ハードディスク（ＨＤＤ）８６、受信部８７、送信部８８及びブザー８９に夫々接続され、ハードディスク８６に格納された制御プログラムに従って装置各部を制御する。
計時部８２はパーソナルコンピュータに内蔵された時計であり、受銑開始からの経過時間を計測する。
表示部８３はディスプレイであり、ＣＰＵ８１に制御されて、設定すべきパラメータの入力指示又は該パラメータの現在値等を表示し、操作部８４はキーボード及びマウス等であり、作業者は表示部８３を見ながら操作部８４を操作し、例えば前記パラメータをテンキーを用いて、受銑の開始をファンクションキーを用いて、夫々入力する。
【００２１】
ＲＡＭ８５は、受銑作業実行時の各種データを一時記憶するためのメモリであり、例えば受銑の開始前にユーザによって操作部８４から入力されたパラメータを記憶しておく。
受信部８７及び送信部８８は、入出力インターフェイスを有する受信回路及び送信回路であり、受信部８７は、受銑中の鍋車の湯面レベルを計測しているレベル計３から送信された湯面レベルの実測値をＬＡＮ１１ａを介して受信し、送信部８８は、駆動装置９へ傾注樋４を傾動させるための制御信号をＬＡＮ１１ｂを介して送信する。
ブザー８９は、作業者にエラーを報知して注意を促す警報を発する。
【００２２】
ＣＰＵ８１は、受信したレベル計３の実測値を、後述するデジタルフィルタを用いて、該実測値の誤差を低減した算出値となし、該算出値を時系列的に算出する。次いで、計時部８２が計測した経過時間と、前記パラメータと、前記算出値とを用いて、受銑の終了若しくは継続、又はエラーを判断し、判断した結果に基づいて、傾注樋４を傾動させるための制御信号を送信し、ブザー８９を用いて警報を発する。前記制御信号は、駆動装置９に適した所定の信号をハードディスク８６に予め格納してある。
このとき、前記パラメータとして、算出値の閾値、経過時間の最長時間並びに最短時間、算出値の変化量（今回の算出値と前回の算出値との差）の許容範囲、及び係数αを用いる。
係数αは、前記デジタルフィルタのスムージングファクタであり、受銑実験を繰り返すことによって予め求めておく。
【００２３】
以上のような受銑装置は、レベル計３と、制御部８の計時部８２とを用いて受銑の制御を行うため、レベル計と重量計とを併用して受銑の制御を行う従来の受銑装置に比べて構成が簡易であり、また、制御部８として用いているパーソナルコンピュータは一般に計時機能を有するため、計時部として新たに時計を準備する必要がない。
更に、制御部８を受銑作業場から離れた制御室７に設置してあるため、作業者が制御部８を用いて作業を行う場合、高熱状態の受銑作業場で行う必要がなく、作業者の作業環境を向上できる。
【００２４】
図５は、本発明に係る受銑方法で用いる算出値の閾値及び経過時間の最短時間の説明図、図６は、前記受銑方法で用いる経過時間の最長時間の説明図である。
グラフの横軸は経過時間Ｔであり、縦軸は湯面レベルＬである。Ｔ＝０が受銑の開始であり、Ｔの増加に伴ってＬも増加する。
鍋車５が所定量の溶銑１０を受銑したとき、鍋車５の湯面レベルはＤである。
レベル計３が測定する実測値は誤差を含む値であるため、Ｄは、誤差を低減した算出値の閾値とする。
溶銑１０は高炉１から所定の時間間隔毎に出銑されるが、各出銑時の流量は変動することがあるため、予め鍋車５が所定量の溶銑１０を受銑するまでの最短時間Ｓ₁及び最長時間Ｓ₂を求めておく。
経過時間Ｔが最長時間Ｓ₂以上である場合、既に湯面レベルが所定値Ｄに達していることが、レベル計の誤検出又は故障等により検出されず、鍋車５に過剰な受銑が行なわれている可能性があると判断し、作業者に対してエラーを報知し注意を促すべく警報を発する（図６の場合）。また、経過時間Ｔが最長時間Ｓ₂未満であって算出値が閾値Ｄ未満である場合、鍋車５の受銑量は過少であると判断し、受銑を継続する（図５の場合）。
【００２５】
図７は、前記受銑方法で用いる算出値の変化量の許容範囲の説明図である。
グラフの横軸は経過時間Ｔであり、縦軸は湯面レベルＬである。Ｔ＝０が受銑の開始であり、Ｔの増加に伴ってＬも増加する。
今回の算出値と前回の算出値との差、即ち算出量の変化量Ｕの許容範囲Ｈは、例えば実験を繰り返すことによって予め最適の値を求める。
経過時間Ｔが最長時間Ｓ₂未満であって算出値が閾値Ｄ以上である場合、算出値の変化量Ｕが許容範囲Ｈを超過しているときは、例えばレベル計が甚だしい誤検出を行った可能性があると判断して、作業者に対してエラーを報知すべく警報を発する。
また、算出値が閾値Ｄ以上である場合、経過時間Ｔが最短時間Ｓ₁未満であるときは、算出値から判断できる結果（湯面レベルＤ以上）と経過時間から判断できる結果（湯面レベルＤ未満）とが矛盾しているためレベル計の誤検出又は故障等の可能性があると判断して、エラーを報知すべく警報を発する。
また、経過時間Ｔが最長時間Ｓ₂未満であって算出値が閾値Ｄ以上である場合、算出値の変化量Ｕが許容範囲Ｈ以内であって、経過時間Ｔが最短時間Ｓ₁以上であるときは、鍋車５は所定量の溶銑１０を受銑したと判断して、該鍋車５の受銑を終了し、次いで、他の鍋車５の受銑を開始する。
【００２６】
図８及び図９は、前記受銑装置の制御部８による駆動装置９の制御手順を示すフローチャートである。
制御部８は、受銑作業の開始を受け付ける。ＣＰＵ８１は、必要な操作手順を表示部８３に表示して、作業者に対し、操作部８４を用いてパラメータを入力し、次いで、一方の溶銑出口の下に位置する鍋車５の受銑開始を入力するよう指示する（Ｓ１０）。
このときユーザは、表示部８３の表示に従って、算出値の閾値Ｄ、経過時間Ｔの最短時間Ｓ₁並びに最長時間Ｓ₂、変化量Ｕの許容範囲Ｈ、及び係数αを入力し、次いで、受銑開始を入力する。
制御部８のＣＰＵ８１は、入力されたパラメータを受け付けて、ＲＡＭ８５に記憶させる（Ｓ１１）。
【００２７】
次に、ＣＰＵ８１は、受銑開始が入力されたか否かを判断する（Ｓ１２）。
入力されなかった場合は（Ｓ１２でＮＯ）、入力されるまで待機する。
入力された場合は（Ｓ１２でＹＥＳ）、ハードディスク８６から受銑開始信号を読み出し、送信部８８を介して駆動装置９へ送信する（Ｓ１３）。
このとき、駆動装置９は、傾注樋４が一方に傾斜するよう傾注樋４を傾動する。高炉１から出銑された溶銑１０は、主樋２を通って、傾注樋４に供給される。傾注樋４は一方に傾斜しているため、一方の溶銑出口の下に位置する鍋車５が、溶銑１０を受銑する。
次に、ＣＰＵ８１は、経過時間Ｔ及び算出値の変化量Ｕを初期化して、ＲＡＭ８５に、Ｔ＝０、Ｕ＝０、及びｋ＝１を記憶させる（Ｓ１４）。
受銑が開始されたため、レベル計３は、所定の時間間隔毎に前記鍋車５の湯面レベルを計測して、実測値を制御部８へ送信する。
【００２８】
次に、ＣＰＵ８１は、受信部８７を介して、実測値Ｘ_kを受信し（Ｓ１５）、計時部８２が計測した経過時間Ｔと前記実測値Ｘ_kとをＲＡＭ８５に記憶させる（Ｓ１６）。
ＣＰＵ８１は、経過時間Ｔが最長時間Ｓ₂未満であるか否かを判断し、（Ｓ２１）、Ｓ₂以上である場合は（Ｓ２１でＮＯ）、鍋車５が受銑過多になった可能性があると判断して、作業者に対してエラーを報知し注意を促すべく、ブザー８９を用いて警報を発する（Ｓ２２）。
【００２９】
経過時間Ｔが最長時間Ｓ₂未満である場合は（Ｓ２１でＹＥＳ）、算出値Ｙ_kを、デジタルフィルタＹ_k＝αＸ_k＋（１−α）Ｙ_k-1を用いて算出して、ＲＡＭ８５に記憶させる。ｋ＝１のとき、Ｙ_k-1、即ちＹ₀にはＸ₁を代入する（Ｓ２４）。
算出値Ｙ_kが閾値Ｄ以上であるか否かを判断し（Ｓ２５）、Ｄ未満である場合は（Ｓ２５でＮＯ）、鍋車５は受銑過少であるため受銑を継続すると判断し、ｋ＝ｋ＋１をＲＡＭ８５に記憶させ（Ｓ３０）、Ｓ１５に戻って、レベル計３から実測値Ｘ_kを受信する。
【００３０】
算出値Ｙ_kが閾値Ｄ以上である場合（Ｓ２５でＹＥＳ）、経過時間Ｔが最短時間Ｓ₁以上であるか否かを判断し（Ｓ２６）、Ｓ₁未満である場合は（Ｓ２６でＮＯ）、算出値からは所定量の溶銑１０を受銑したと判断できるが経過時間からは受銑過少であると判断できるという矛盾が生じるため、レベル計の誤検出、若しくは故障等が発生した、又は閾値、最長時間、若しくは最短時間等の設定にミスがあった可能性があると判断して、Ｓ２２で、作業者に対して注意を促すべく、ブザー８９を用いて警報を発する。
【００３１】
経過時間Ｔが最短時間Ｓ₁以上である場合（Ｓ２６でＹＥＳ）、算出値Ｙ_kと前回のＹ_k-1の差、即ち算出値の変化量Ｕ＝Ｙ_k−Ｙ_k-1を算出して、ＲＡＭ８５に記憶させ（Ｓ２７）、変化量Ｕの絶対値｜Ｕ｜が許容範囲Ｈ以内であるか否か判断する（Ｓ２８）。
Ｈを超過している場合は（Ｓ２８でＮＯ）、算出値の変化量が過大であることから、レベル計の誤検出又は故障等によるエラーの可能性があると判断して、Ｓ２２で、作業者に対して注意を促すべく、ブザー８９を用いて警報を発する。
【００３２】
変化量Ｕの絶対値｜Ｕ｜が許容範囲Ｈ以内である場合（Ｓ２８でＹＥＳ）、鍋車５が所定量の溶銑１０を受銑したと判断し、ハードディスク８６から受銑終了信号を読み出し、駆動装置９へ送信して（Ｓ２９）、Ｓ１４へ戻り、次の受銑のための初期化を行う。
このとき、駆動装置９は、傾注樋４が他方に傾斜するよう傾注樋４を傾動する。傾注樋４に供給された溶銑１０は、傾注樋４が他方に傾斜しているため、他方の溶銑出口の下に位置する鍋車５に受銑される。
【００３３】
以上のような受銑方法は、レベル計３が計測した湯面レベルの実測値の誤差を低減した算出値と、制御部８の計時部８２が計測した経過時間とを用いて受銑を制御するため、実測値の誤差による受銑ミス又は事故等を防止して、確実に、また安全に受銑作業を行うことができる。
なお、前記デジタルフィルタの代わりに、ｎ＋１回分の実測値の平均値を算出するＹ_k＝（Ｘ_k＋Ｘ_k-1＋Ｘ_k-2＋…＋Ｘ_k-n）／（ｎ＋１）の式（ｋ−ｎ≦０のときＸ_k-n＝Ｘ_k）を用いた場合であっても、同様の効果を得ることができる。例えば５回分の実測値の平均値を算出する場合は、今回の実測値と、４回前までの実測値とを用いて、Ｙ_k＝（Ｘ_k＋Ｘ_k-1＋Ｘ_k-2＋Ｘ_k-3＋Ｘ_k-4）／５の式を用いる。
また、鍋車５毎に異なる前記パラメータを入力するよう構成しても良い。
【００３４】
図１０は、本発明に係る受銑方法を用いて駆動装置９を制御した場合の経過時間と実測値又は算出値との関係を示すグラフである。
横軸は経過時間Ｔ（ms）、縦軸は湯面レベルＬ（ｍ）であり、深さ５ｍの鍋車５の受銑を行なったときに１００ms毎に測定された実測値と、該実測値から、α＝０．３として前記デジタルフィルタを用いて算出された算出値とを夫々プロットしてある。
実測値は、Ｌ＝３を超えた時点から大きく振動し始め、Ｔ＝Ｔ₁で閾値Ｄを超過するが、Ｔ＝Ｔ₁以降も振動が大きく、Ｔ＝Ｔ₁〜Ｔ₂間の平均値は閾値Ｄ未満となることがわかる。また、該平均値はＴ＝Ｔ₂以降に閾値Ｄを超えることもわかる。
算出値は、Ｌ＝３を超過すると振動し始めるが、振幅は小さく、Ｔ＝Ｔ₁を越えても閾値Ｄ未満であって、Ｔ＝Ｔ₂で閾値Ｄを超えることがわかる。
図より、算出値は実測値より振幅が小さく、湯面レベルの平均的な値を示していることがわかる。
【００３５】
なお、前記受銑装置に撮・映像手段を追加して、作業者が受銑作業場の状況を制御室から監視するよう構成する場合は、作業の確実性及び安全性等を更に向上することができる。また、前記受銑装置に重量計を追加して、鍋車の重量を併用して制御する場合は、受銑量をより精密に計測して受銑することができる。
【００３６】
【発明の効果】
本発明の受銑方法によれば、鍋車内の溶銑の湯面レベルを測定し、実測値の誤差を低減した算出値を算出し、受銑開始からの経過時間を計測し、該計測時間及び前記算出値に基づいて傾注樋を傾動することにより、例えば作業者は、鍋車内の溶銑が所定量に到達したときの湯面レベルと、受銑開始から該湯面レベルに到達するまでの最長時間及び最短時間と、チャタリング又はフォーミング等が発生したとき及び発生しなかったときにレベル計の実測値が変動する変化量とを、実験を繰り返すことによって予め求めておき、作業性又は安全性等を考慮して、前記湯面レベルを算出値の閾値とし、前記変化量の許容可能な最大範囲を、今回の算出値と前回の算出値との差、即ち算出値の変化量の許容範囲とする。
【００３７】
受銑中の鍋車の受銑開始からの経過時間が最長時間以上に達した場合は、作業者に注意を促すための警報を発する。経過時間が最長時間未満であって、算出値が閾値未満である場合は、受銑を継続する。経過時間が最長時間未満であって、算出値が閾値以上に到達した場合は、傾注樋を傾動して他の鍋車の受銑を開始するが、算出値が閾値以上に到達した場合であっても、経過時間が最短時間以上に達していない場合は、作業者に対し警報を発する。また、算出値が閾値に到達した場合であっても、算出値の変化量が許容範囲を越えている場合は、作業者に対し警報を発する。以上のことにより、鍋車に所定量の溶銑を安全に、また確実に受銑させることができ、更に、過剰な受銑及び過少な受銑を防止することができる。
【００３８】
また、算出値を、所定の係数を用い、実測値と前回の算出値との関係式で算出することにより、鍋車内の溶銑が所定量に到達したときの湯面レベルを算出値の閾値Ｄとし、例えばＹ₀＝Ｘ₁と置き、Ｙ_k＝αＸ_k＋（１−α）Ｙ_k-1＝α（Ｘ_k−Ｙ_k-1）＋Ｙ_k-1の式を用いて、今回の湯面レベルを、前回の湯面レベルに、今回の湯面レベルと前回の湯面レベルとの差、即ち湯面レベルの変化量を加算したものと考えて、該変化量を係数αで調整することによって、実測値の誤差を低減し、Ｙ_k≧Ｄのとき鍋車内の溶銑が所定の受銑量に到達したと判断するため、実測値の誤差を低減した算出値を用いて、所定量の受銑を確実に行うことができる。
また、αの値を、例えば予め実験を繰り返すことによって最適化しておく場合は、前記変化量を係数αで調整して誤差を低減することができる。
【００３９】
また、算出値を、今回の実測値とｎ回前までの実測値との関係式で算出することにより、鍋車内の溶銑が所定量に到達したときの湯面レベルを算出値の閾値Ｄとし、また、ｋ−ｎ≦０のときは例えばＸ_k-n＝Ｘ_kと置いて、Ｙ_k＝（Ｘ_k＋Ｘ_k-1＋Ｘ_k-2＋…＋Ｘ_k-n）／（ｎ＋１）の式を用いてｎ回分の実測値の平均値を算出して誤差を低減し、Ｙ_k≧Ｄのとき鍋車内の溶銑が所定の受銑量に到達したと判断するため、誤差低減のための係数を予め求めなくても、実測値の誤差を低減した算出値を用いて、所定量の受銑を確実に行うことができる。
【００４０】
本発明の受銑装置によれば、レベル計の実測値を用いて算出値を求め、受銑開始からの経過時間を計測し、該経過時間及び前記算出値を用いて傾注樋の傾動を制御する手段を備えることにより、レベル計の実測値を用いて該実測値の誤差を低減した算出値を求める演算手段と、鍋車の受銑開始からの経過時間を計測する計時手段と、前記経過時間及び前記算出値を用いて、受銑の終了若しくは継続、又はエラーを判断する判断手段と、判断した結果に基づいて作業者に警報を発し、又は傾注樋を傾動させる手段とを制御部として構成して、レベル計及び傾注樋傾動手段に接続することができるため、高価なロードセルを用いなくても、鍋車に所定量の溶銑を安全に、また確実に受銑させることができ、また、装置の構造が簡易である
等、本発明は優れた効果を奏する。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明に係る受銑装置の模式的正面図である。
【図２】本発明に係る受銑装置の模式的側面図である。
【図３】本発明に係る受銑装置の模式的水平断面図である。
【図４】本発明に係る受銑装置の制御部のブロック図である。
【図５】本発明に係る受銑方法で用いる算出値の閾値及び経過時間の最短時間の説明図である。
【図６】本発明に係る受銑方法で用いる経過時間の最長時間の説明図である。
【図７】本発明に係る受銑方法で用いる算出値の変化量の許容範囲の説明図である。
【図８】本発明に係る受銑装置の制御部による駆動部の制御手順を示すフローチャートである。
【図９】本発明に係る受銑装置の制御部による駆動部の制御手順を示すフローチャートである。
【図１０】本発明に係る受銑方法を用いて駆動部を制御した場合の経過時間と実測値又は算出値との関係を示すグラフである。
【符号の説明】
１高炉
３レベル計
４傾注樋
５鍋車
８制御部[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a receiving method and a receiving apparatus for receiving hot metal discharged from a blast furnace by a pot cart through a tilting iron.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The hot metal produced by the blast furnace is generally received by a pot and transported to a steelmaking facility.
The receiving device for receiving hot metal in the pot includes an inclined injection rod having hot metal outlets on both sides and a drive device for the inclined injection rod, and the hot metal discharged from the blast furnace is, for example, via the main rod, the inclined injection rod. Led to. The tilting iron is tilted in one direction, so that the hot pot is placed under one of the hot metal outlets. When the hot metal received by the pot reaches a predetermined amount, the tilting bar is tilted to end the receiving of the pot. Next, the tilting iron is tilted in the other direction, so that the hot metal is received by the pot placed under the other hot metal outlet.
The received wok cart is controlled by the transport system to transport the hot metal to the steel making facility, and the empty wok cart moves from the iron making facility to the receiving device, and the pan cart receives again.
[0003]
When using a conventional receiving device, the operator visually confirms that the hot water level of the pot being received and the empty pot is waiting at a predetermined position, When receiving to the level, the tilting rod driving device is operated to tilt the tilting rod and finish receiving the pot. For this reason, when the pan wagon is received when the level of the hot water is excessively lower than the predetermined level due to an operator error or an error due to visual inspection, the amount of pig iron transported by the pan cart decreases and the pan cart rotates. When the efficiency is deteriorated and the receiving of the pot is finished in a state that is excessively higher than a predetermined value, for example, hot metal overflows from the pot and a serious accident may occur. In addition, accidents due to erroneous operation of the control device may occur. Furthermore, the receiving workplace is in a high temperature state, and the working environment is not good.
[0004]
In view of such circumstances, JP-A-5-125413, JP-A-6-88679, and JP-A-6-273071 disclose automated receiving devices. The receiving device includes a level meter that measures the level of hot metal in the pan, a weight meter that measures the weight of the pan, and a control device for the drive device of the tilting rod, and the control device includes a level meter. Alternatively, when the measured value of the weigh scale reaches a predetermined value, the tilting rod is tilted by controlling the driving device, thereby preventing errors in checking the level of the molten metal by the operator, errors due to visual inspection, and erroneous operation of the control device. Thus, the receiving operation can be performed safely and reliably. Furthermore, when photographing / video means are added to the receiving device, the operator can check the level of the hot water surface and the standby state of the pan at a place remote from the receiving work place, so that it is safer and more reliable. Work can be done.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the conventional receiving device has a complicated structure because it includes a level meter that measures the level of the hot water surface and a weight meter that measures the weight of the pan, and in some cases also includes photographing and video means. Moreover, the load cell used as a weight scale is expensive.
In addition, the actual value signal sent from the level meter may temporarily become higher or lower due to chattering (vibration of the actual value of the level meter) or forming (foaming of the molten metal surface). In the case where the receiving device is configured using only a level meter, the tilting rod is tilted by controlling the driving device when the measured value of the level meter reaches a predetermined value as in the prior art. If this happens, the predetermined amount cannot be received reliably.
[0006]
The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and measures the molten metal level of hot metal in the pan, calculates a calculated value with reduced error in the actual measurement value, and measures the elapsed time from the start of receiving. By tilting the tilting rod based on the measurement time and the calculated value, the pan can receive a predetermined amount of hot metal safely and reliably without using an expensive load cell. It aims to provide a method.
Another object of the present invention is to calculate a predetermined value by using a calculated value obtained by reducing an error of an actual measurement value by calculating the calculated value using a predetermined coefficient and a relational expression between the actual measurement value and the previous calculation value. It is an object of the present invention to provide a receiving method that can reliably receive the item.
Another object of the present invention is to calculate a calculated value by a relational expression between the actual measurement value this time and the actual measurement value up to n times (n is a natural number), so that a coefficient for error reduction is not obtained in advance. It is another object of the present invention to provide a receiving method capable of reliably receiving a predetermined amount using a calculated value in which an error in an actual measurement value is reduced.
[0007]
Still another object of the present invention is to obtain a calculated value using an actual measurement value of a level meter, measure an elapsed time from the start of acceptance, and control the tilting of the tilting rod using the elapsed time and the calculated value. By providing the means, it is an object of the present invention to provide a receiving device that allows a pot to receive a predetermined amount of hot metal safely and reliably without using an expensive load cell.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The receiving method according to the first aspect of the present invention is to allow the hot metal produced by the blast furnace to be received in a pan by tilting the tilting iron in one direction, and then to receive it in another pan. In the receiving method for inclining in the other direction, the elapsed time from the start of receiving the pot is measured, and it is determined whether the elapsed time is equal to or longer than the longest time of a predetermined time width. When the time is exceeded, an alarm is issued, and the molten metal level of the hot metal in the pan is measured, and the measured value of the molten metal level is calculated by reducing the error of the measured value using a predetermined error reduction method. The value is calculated in time series, and when the elapsed time is less than the longest time, it is determined whether or not the calculated value is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value. If the time is equal to or greater than the threshold, whether the elapsed time is equal to or greater than the shortest time of the time width And whether or not the amount of change of the calculated value from the previous calculated value is within a predetermined range and the elapsed time is less than the shortest time or the change When the amount exceeds the range, an alarm is issued, and when the elapsed time is equal to or longer than the shortest time and when the change amount is within the range, reception of another pot is started. To do.
[0009]
In the first invention, when the elapsed time from the start of receiving the pot cart being received has reached a predetermined maximum time or more, the received amount has already reached a predetermined amount, Warning to alert the operator that it is not detected due to a false detection or failure of the level meter, and that there is a possibility that the hot metal of a predetermined amount or more has been received in the pan and is in a dangerous state. To emit.
When the elapsed time is less than the longest time and the calculated value is less than the threshold value, it is determined that the hot metal in the pot has not reached a predetermined amount, and the acceptance is continued.
If the elapsed time is less than the maximum time and the calculated value reaches the threshold value or more, it is determined that the hot metal in the pan has reached the predetermined amount, and the tilting rod is tilted to accept another pan. Even if the calculated value has reached the threshold value or more, if the elapsed time has not reached the minimum time, the result that can be determined from the calculated value (reached the predetermined amount) and the result that can be determined from the elapsed time It is judged that there is a possibility that an error has occurred in the level meter or that a failure has occurred, or that there has been a mistake in the setting of the threshold value or the shortest time, etc. , Warn workers. Even if the calculated value reaches the threshold value, if the change amount of the calculated value exceeds the allowable range, it is determined that there is a possibility that the level meter has been erroneously detected or has failed. Raise an alarm. When an alarm is issued, for example, the operator can visually check the receiving state and manually operate the tilting rod driving device, or stop the output from the blast furnace, etc. It is possible to safely and reliably receive a predetermined amount of hot metal in the pot, and furthermore, it is possible to prevent excessive reception and excessive reception.
[0010]
Note that the maximum time is the elapsed time from the start of the hot metal in which the amount of hot metal in the pan should reach a predetermined amount by that time at the latest, and the shortest time is at the most The elapsed time from the start of receiving, when the amount of hot metal should not reach the predetermined amount. The longest and shortest times are roughly related to the relationship between the blast furnace speed and the capacity of the pan and the past. Although it can be determined based on operational results, it can also be determined in consideration of safety. In addition, the range of the change amount can be determined in consideration of safety or workability in the relationship between the tapping speed and the measurement interval of the molten metal level and the past operation results. Moreover, the range of the said longest time, the shortest time, and the variation | change_quantity can be initially set to safety, and can also be adjusted to a more optimal value based on the subsequent operation performance.
[0011]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, the error reduction method is the calculated value Y. _k For the measured value X _k , Number of measurements k, previous calculated value Y _k-1 , And a predetermined coefficient α (0 <α <1) and Y _k = ΑX _k + (1-α) Y _k-1 It is calculated using the following formula.
[0012]
In the second invention, the molten metal level when the hot metal in the pan reaches a predetermined amount is set as a threshold value D of the calculated value, for example, Y ₀ = X ₁ Y _k = ΑX _k + (1-α) Y _k-1 = Α (X _k -Y _k-1 ) + Y _k-1 Using this equation, the current hot water level is considered to be the previous hot water surface level plus the difference between the current hot water level and the previous hot water surface level, that is, the amount of change in the hot water surface level. By adjusting the change amount by the coefficient α, the error of the actual measurement value is reduced, and Y _k When it is ≧ D, it is determined that the hot metal in the pan has reached a predetermined amount of acceptance, so that a predetermined amount of acceptance can be reliably performed using a calculated value in which an error in the actual measurement value is reduced.
When the coefficient α is too close to 1, the calculated value and the actual measurement value are substantially equal, and even if the actual hot water level is less than D, Y _k ≧ D may be satisfied. When the coefficient α is too close to 0, the current calculated value and the previous calculated value are substantially equal, and even if the actual hot water level is D or more, Y _k <D may occur. For this reason, when the value of α is optimized, for example, by repeating an experiment in advance, the error can be reduced by adjusting the amount of change by the coefficient α.
[0013]
The accepting method according to a third aspect of the present invention is the error reduction method, wherein the calculated value Y _k For the measured value X _k , The number of times measured k, the natural number n, and the actual measured value X before n times _kn And Y _k = (X _k + X _k-1 + X _k-2 + ... + X _kn ) / (N + 1).
[0014]
In the third invention, the molten metal level when the hot metal in the pot reaches a predetermined amount is set as the threshold value D of the calculated value, and when k−n ≦ 0, for example, X _kn = X _k Y _k = (X _k + X _k-1 + X _k-2 + ... + X _kn ) / (N + 1) to reduce the error by calculating the average value of the measured values for n times, _k When it is ≧ D, it is determined that the hot metal in the pot has reached a predetermined amount of receiving, so that an error in the actual measurement value can be reduced, and a predetermined amount of receiving can be reliably performed.
Further, when the calculated value is smaller than the actual molten metal level by calculating the calculated value using the actual measured values up to n times before, the calculated value is D from the time when the actual molten metal level becomes D or more. Since the time which becomes the above may be delayed, the threshold value D can be reliably received by receiving a predetermined amount by setting the threshold value D to a value slightly smaller than the hot water level when the hot metal in the pot reaches a predetermined amount. it can.
[0015]
The receiving apparatus according to the fourth aspect of the present invention has a hot metal outlet on both sides and is inclined in one direction so that the hot metal discharged from the blast furnace is received by a pot car placed under one of the hot metal outlets. And a tilting iron tilting means for tilting the tilting iron so as to incline in the other direction so that the hot metal placed under the other hot metal outlet receives the hot metal, A level meter for measuring the level of molten metal, calculation means for converting the measured value of the level meter into a calculated value obtained by reducing an error of the measured value using a predetermined error reduction method, and starting receiving of the pot A time measuring means for measuring the elapsed time from the time, and determining whether or not to issue an alarm using the elapsed time and the calculated value First Means, an alarm transmitting means for issuing an alarm when it is determined that an alarm should be issued, and a determination as to whether or not to stop receiving the pot when no alarm is issued Second And means for controlling the tilting rod tilting means to tilt the tilting rod so as to tilt in the other direction and start receiving other pots when it is determined to end. The first means, when the elapsed time is equal to or greater than the longest time of a predetermined time width, the calculated value is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold, and the elapsed time is the shortest of the time width. When the time is less than or when the calculated value is greater than or equal to the threshold and the amount of change of the calculated value from the previous calculated value exceeds a predetermined range, an alarm is issued. The second means is configured such that the elapsed time is less than the longest time, and is equal to or greater than the shortest time, the calculated value is equal to or greater than the threshold value, and the change is performed. If the amount is within the above range, it will be judged to end. It is characterized by that.
[0016]
In the fourth invention, a calculation means for obtaining a calculated value obtained by reducing an error of the actual measurement value using an actual measurement value of the level meter, a time measuring means for measuring an elapsed time from the start of receiving the pot, A control unit that determines the end or continuation of reception or an error using the elapsed time and the calculated value, and a unit that issues an alarm to the worker or tilts the tilting rod based on the determination result Since it can be connected to the level meter and the tilting rod tilting means, it is possible to safely and reliably receive a predetermined amount of hot metal in the pot without using an expensive load cell, Moreover, the structure of the apparatus is simple.
[0017]
In addition, the control unit warns the operator when the pot is tilted in one direction and is being received by the pot, and the determination unit determines that there is a possibility of an error. A means for calling attention by issuing a warning, a means for tilting the tilting rod to tilt in the other direction when the determination unit determines the end of the receiving, When it does not issue an alarm and when it does not end the reception, it is provided with a means for continuing the reception, so that it is not necessary to manually drive the tilting and tilting means each time the operator performs the reception. Accidents caused by the accident can be prevented, and the safety of work can be improved.
Furthermore, by using the receiving method according to any one of the first to fourth aspects of the invention, a predetermined amount of hot metal can be received safely and reliably by the pot, and excessive receiving is possible. Since it is possible to prevent dredging and excessive reception, the receiving operation can be automated.
[0018]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings illustrating embodiments thereof.
1 is a schematic front view of a receiving device according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of the receiving device, and FIG. 3 is a schematic horizontal sectional view of the receiving device.
In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a blast furnace, and a main iron 2 extended so as to guide the molten iron 10 produced by the blast furnace 1 to the tilting iron 4 has an inlet and an outlet at both longitudinal ends. Is provided in the vicinity of the bottom of the blast furnace 1 and a tilting rod 4 is provided below the outlet. The tilting iron 4 is installed with the direction intersecting with the longitudinal direction of the main rod 2 as the longitudinal direction. The tilting iron 4 has hot metal outlets on both sides of the longitudinal direction. Transport paths 6 and 6 are laid from the dredging workshop to the iron making equipment (not shown).
On each conveyance path 6, a plurality of pots 5, 5,... Are movably placed along the conveyance path 6 so that the pot 5 to be received is positioned directly below the melting outlet.
[0019]
In the vicinity of each hot metal outlet of the tilting iron 4, a level meter 3 for measuring the level of the hot water of the pot 5 being received is installed, and the level meters 3 and 3 output the measured value of the level of the hot water as an electrical signal. In order to transmit to the control unit 8 installed in the control room 7 away from the receiving work place, it is connected to the control unit 8 via the LAN 11a.
In addition, a drive device 9 that tilts the tilt injection rod 4 to one side or the other is provided below the tilt injection rod 4. The driving device 9 is connected to the control unit 8 via the LAN 11b to receive a control signal from the control unit 8, and tilts the tilting rod 4 according to the control signal. When the control signal is the reception start signal, the tilting rod 4 is tilted to one side. When the control signal is a reception end signal, the tilting rod 4 is tilted to the other side.
[0020]
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the control unit 8 of the receiving device.
In the figure, reference numeral 81 denotes a CPU of the control unit 8 using a personal computer. The CPU 81 is connected to a time measuring unit 82, a display unit 83, an operation unit 84, a RAM 85, a hard disk (HDD) 86, and a receiving unit via a bus 80. 87, connected to the transmission unit 88 and the buzzer 89, respectively, and controls each part of the apparatus according to a control program stored in the hard disk 86.
The timer 82 is a clock built in the personal computer, and measures the elapsed time from the start of the reception.
The display unit 83 is a display and is controlled by the CPU 81 to display an input instruction of a parameter to be set or a current value of the parameter, the operation unit 84 is a keyboard, a mouse, and the like. The operating unit 84 is operated while viewing, and for example, the parameter is input using the numeric keypad and the start of acceptance using the function key.
[0021]
The RAM 85 is a memory for temporarily storing various data at the time of receiving operation, and stores, for example, parameters input from the operation unit 84 by the user before starting receiving.
The receiving unit 87 and the transmitting unit 88 are a receiving circuit and a transmitting circuit having an input / output interface, and the receiving unit 87 transmits the hot water transmitted from the level meter 3 that measures the hot water level of the pot being received. The actual measurement value of the surface level is received via the LAN 11a, and the transmission unit 88 transmits a control signal for tilting the tilting rod 4 to the driving device 9 via the LAN 11b.
The buzzer 89 issues an alarm notifying the operator of an error and calling attention.
[0022]
The CPU 81 uses the received actual measurement value of the level meter 3 as a calculated value in which an error of the actual measurement value is reduced using a digital filter described later, and calculates the calculated value in time series. Next, using the elapsed time measured by the time measuring unit 82, the parameter, and the calculated value, the end or continuation of the receiving operation or an error is determined, and the tilting rod 4 is tilted based on the determined result. A control signal is transmitted and a buzzer 89 is used to issue an alarm. As the control signal, a predetermined signal suitable for the driving device 9 is stored in the hard disk 86 in advance.
At this time, the threshold value of the calculated value, the longest time and the shortest time of the elapsed time, the allowable range of the change amount of the calculated value (difference between the current calculated value and the previous calculated value), and the coefficient α are used as the parameters.
The coefficient α is a smoothing factor of the digital filter, and is obtained in advance by repeating the acceptance experiment.
[0023]
Since the receiving device as described above controls the receiving using the level meter 3 and the time measuring unit 82 of the control unit 8, the conventional receiving device controls the receiving using the level meter and the weight meter together. Since the personal computer used as the control unit 8 generally has a time measuring function, it is not necessary to prepare a new timepiece as the time measuring unit.
Further, since the control unit 8 is installed in the control room 7 away from the receiving work place, when the worker performs the work using the control unit 8, it is not necessary to perform the work in the high temperature receiving work place. Work environment can be improved.
[0024]
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of the threshold of the calculated value and the shortest elapsed time used in the acceptance method according to the present invention, and FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of the longest elapsed time used in the acceptance method.
The horizontal axis of the graph is the elapsed time T, and the vertical axis is the hot water level L. T = 0 is the start of acceptance, and L increases as T increases.
When the pan 5 receives a predetermined amount of hot metal 10, the hot water level of the pan 5 is D.
Since the actual measurement value measured by the level meter 3 is a value including an error, D is a threshold value of a calculated value with the error reduced.
Although the hot metal 10 is discharged from the blast furnace 1 at predetermined time intervals, since the flow rate at the time of each hot metal may vary, the shortest time until the pan 5 receives the predetermined amount of hot metal 10 in advance. S ₁ And the longest time S ₂ Ask for.
Elapsed time T is the longest time S ₂ In the above case, the fact that the hot water level has already reached the predetermined value D is not detected due to an erroneous detection or failure of the level meter, and there is a possibility that the pot 5 is over-received. And an alarm is issued to notify the operator of the error and to call attention (in the case of FIG. 6). The elapsed time T is the longest time S. ₂ If the calculated value is less than the threshold value D, it is determined that the pot amount of the pot 5 is too small, and the potion is continued (in the case of FIG. 5).
[0025]
FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of an allowable range of a change amount of a calculated value used in the receiving method.
The horizontal axis of the graph is the elapsed time T, and the vertical axis is the hot water level L. T = 0 is the start of acceptance, and L increases as T increases.
For the difference between the current calculated value and the previous calculated value, that is, the allowable range H of the calculated amount of change U, an optimum value is obtained in advance by repeating the experiment, for example.
Elapsed time T is the longest time S ₂ If the calculated value is greater than or equal to the threshold value D and the change amount U of the calculated value exceeds the allowable range H, it is determined that there is a possibility that the level meter has made a significant false detection, for example. An alarm is issued to notify the operator of the error.
When the calculated value is equal to or greater than the threshold value D, the elapsed time T is the shortest time S. ₁ If the result is less than, the result that can be judged from the calculated value (more than the molten metal level D) and the result that can be judged from the elapsed time (below the molten metal level D) are contradictory, and it is possible that the level meter is erroneously detected or malfunctioned. An alarm is issued to notify the error.
The elapsed time T is the longest time S. ₂ If the calculated value is less than or equal to the threshold value D, the change amount U of the calculated value is within the allowable range H, and the elapsed time T is the shortest time S. ₁ When it is above, it is determined that the pot 5 has received a predetermined amount of hot metal 10, the receiving of the pot 5 is finished, and then the receiving of another pot 5 is started.
[0026]
8 and 9 are flowcharts showing a control procedure of the driving device 9 by the control unit 8 of the receiving device.
The control unit 8 receives the start of the receiving operation. The CPU 81 displays a necessary operation procedure on the display unit 83, inputs parameters to the operator using the operation unit 84, and then starts receiving the pot 5 located below one hot metal outlet. Is input (S10).
At this time, the user follows the display on the display unit 83 to calculate the threshold D of the calculated value and the shortest time S of the elapsed time T. ₁ And the longest time S ₂ The allowable range H of the change amount U and the coefficient α are input, and then the start of acceptance is input.
The CPU 81 of the control unit 8 accepts the input parameters and stores them in the RAM 85 (S11).
[0027]
Next, the CPU 81 determines whether or not an acceptance start has been input (S12).
If it is not input (NO in S12), it waits until it is input.
If input (YES in S12), the acceptance start signal is read from the hard disk 86 and transmitted to the drive device 9 via the transmitter 88 (S13).
At this time, the drive device 9 tilts the tilting rod 4 so that the tilting rod 4 tilts to one side. The hot metal 10 discharged from the blast furnace 1 is supplied to the tilting iron 4 through the main iron 2. Since the tilting iron 4 is inclined to one side, the pan 5 located below one hot metal outlet receives the hot metal 10.
Next, the CPU 81 initializes the elapsed time T and the change amount U of the calculated value, and stores T = 0, U = 0, and k = 1 in the RAM 85 (S14).
Since the acceptance is started, the level meter 3 measures the hot water level of the pan 5 at every predetermined time interval and transmits the measured value to the control unit 8.
[0028]
Next, the CPU 81 receives the actual measurement value X via the receiving unit 87. _k (S15), the elapsed time T measured by the timer 82 and the actual measurement value X _k Are stored in the RAM 85 (S16).
The CPU 81 determines that the elapsed time T is the longest time S ₂ It is determined whether or not it is less than (S21), S ₂ If this is the case (NO in S21), it is determined that there is a possibility that the pot 5 has become overloaded, and an alarm is issued using the buzzer 89 to notify the operator of the error and call attention. Is issued (S22).
[0029]
Elapsed time T is the longest time S ₂ If less than (YES in S21), the calculated value Y _k , Digital filter Y _k = ΑX _k + (1-α) Y _k-1 And is stored in the RAM 85. Y when k = 1 _k-1 That is, Y ₀ X ₁ Is substituted (S24).
Calculated value Y _k Is less than or equal to the threshold value D (S25), and if it is less than D (NO in S25), it is determined that the pot 5 is under-accepted so that it will continue to accept, and k = k + 1 is set. It memorize | stores in RAM85 (S30), returns to S15, and is actually measured value X from the level meter 3. _k Receive.
[0030]
Calculated value Y _k Is equal to or greater than the threshold value D (YES in S25), the elapsed time T is the shortest time S. ₁ It is determined whether or not this is the case (S26). ₁ If it is less (NO in S26), it can be determined that the predetermined amount of molten iron 10 has been received from the calculated value, but there is a contradiction that it can be determined that the received amount is insufficient from the elapsed time. It is determined that there is a possibility that a detection or failure has occurred, or that there is a mistake in the setting of the threshold value, the longest time, or the shortest time, and in step S22, the buzzer 89 is used to call attention to the operator. Use to trigger an alarm.
[0031]
Elapsed time T is the shortest time S ₁ If this is the case (YES in S26), the calculated value Y _k And the previous Y _k-1 Difference, that is, the amount of change in the calculated value U = Y _k -Y _k-1 Is stored in the RAM 85 (S27), and it is determined whether or not the absolute value | U | of the change amount U is within the allowable range H (S28).
If H is exceeded (NO in S28), the amount of change in the calculated value is excessive, so it is determined that there is a possibility of an error due to a false detection or failure of the level meter. A warning is issued using the buzzer 89 to call attention to the person.
[0032]
If the absolute value | U | of the change amount U is within the allowable range H (YES in S28), it is determined that the pan 5 has received a predetermined amount of hot metal 10 and a receiving end signal is read from the hard disk 86; It transmits to the drive device 9 (S29), returns to S14, and performs initialization for the next receiving.
At this time, the drive device 9 tilts the tilting rod 4 so that the tilting rod 4 tilts to the other side. The hot metal 10 supplied to the tilting iron 4 is received by the pot 5 located under the other hot metal outlet because the tilting iron 4 is inclined to the other.
[0033]
The receiving method as described above controls the receiving using the calculated value obtained by reducing the error of the actually measured value of the molten metal level measured by the level meter 3 and the elapsed time measured by the time measuring unit 82 of the control unit 8. Therefore, it is possible to prevent receiving mistakes or accidents due to errors in measured values, and to perform receiving work reliably and safely.
In addition, instead of the digital filter, the average value of the measured values for n + 1 times is calculated. _k = (X _k + X _k-1 + X _k-2 + ... + X _kn ) / (N + 1) (when k−n ≦ 0, X _kn = X _k The same effect can be obtained even when the above is used. For example, when calculating the average value of the measured values for five times, the current measured value and the measured values up to four times before are used. _k = (X _k + X _k-1 + X _k-2 + X _k-3 + X _k-4 ) / 5 formula is used.
Moreover, you may comprise so that the said parameter which differs for every pan 5 may be input.
[0034]
FIG. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between the elapsed time and the actually measured value or the calculated value when the driving device 9 is controlled using the receiving method according to the present invention.
The horizontal axis is the elapsed time T (ms), the vertical axis is the hot water surface level L (m), and the actual measurement value measured every 100 ms when the pan 5 having a depth of 5 m is received, The calculated values calculated using the digital filter with α = 0.3 are plotted from the values.
The measured value starts to vibrate greatly when L = 3 is exceeded, and T = T ₁ Exceeds threshold D, but T = T ₁ After that, the vibration is large, T = T ₁ ~ T ₂ It can be seen that the average value in between is less than the threshold value D. The average value is T = T ₂ It can also be seen that the threshold value D is exceeded thereafter.
The calculated value starts to oscillate when L = 3 is exceeded, but the amplitude is small and T = T ₁ Exceeds the threshold D, and T = T ₂ It can be seen that the threshold value D is exceeded.
From the figure, it can be seen that the calculated value has a smaller amplitude than the actually measured value and shows an average value of the molten metal surface level.
[0035]
In addition, when the photographing / video means is added to the receiving device so that the worker can monitor the receiving work place from the control room, the reliability and safety of the work can be further improved. it can. In addition, when a weighing scale is added to the receiving device and the weight of the pot is used for control, the receiving amount can be measured and received more precisely.
[0036]
【The invention's effect】
According to the receiving method of the present invention, the molten metal level of the hot metal in the pan is measured, a calculated value in which an error of the actual measurement value is reduced is calculated, an elapsed time from the start of receiving is measured, and the measurement time and By tilting the tilted pouring bar based on the calculated value, for example, the operator can set the hot water surface level when the hot metal in the pan cart reaches a predetermined amount and the longest time from the start of the pouring to the hot water surface level. Time and the shortest time, and the amount of change in the actual measurement value of the level meter when chattering or forming occurs and when it does not occur are obtained in advance by repeating the experiment, and workability, safety, etc. In consideration of the above, the level of the molten metal is used as a threshold value of the calculated value, and the allowable maximum range of the change amount is the difference between the current calculated value and the previous calculated value, that is, the allowable range of the calculated value change amount. To do.
[0037]
When the elapsed time from the start of receiving the pot being received exceeds the maximum time, an alarm is issued to alert the operator. If the elapsed time is less than the longest time and the calculated value is less than the threshold value, the acceptance is continued. If the elapsed time is less than the longest time and the calculated value reaches the threshold value or more, the tilting rod is tilted to start accepting other pots, but the calculated value reaches the threshold value or more. However, if the elapsed time does not reach the minimum time, an alarm is issued to the worker. Even when the calculated value reaches the threshold, if the amount of change in the calculated value exceeds the allowable range, an alarm is issued to the worker. As described above, a predetermined amount of hot metal can be received safely and reliably by the pot, and excessive receiving and excessive receiving can be prevented.
[0038]
Further, by calculating a calculated value using a predetermined coefficient and a relational expression between the actually measured value and the previous calculated value, the hot water level when the hot metal in the pot reaches a predetermined amount is calculated as a threshold value D. For example, Y ₀ = X ₁ Y _k = ΑX _k + (1-α) Y _k-1 = Α (X _k -Y _k-1 ) + Y _k-1 Using this equation, the current hot water level is considered to be the previous hot water surface level plus the difference between the current hot water level and the previous hot water surface level, that is, the amount of change in the hot water surface level. By adjusting the change amount by the coefficient α, the error of the actual measurement value is reduced, and Y _k When it is ≧ D, it is determined that the hot metal in the pan has reached a predetermined amount of acceptance, so that a predetermined amount of acceptance can be reliably performed using a calculated value in which an error in the actual measurement value is reduced.
Further, when the value of α is optimized, for example, by repeating an experiment in advance, the amount of change can be adjusted by the coefficient α to reduce the error.
[0039]
In addition, by calculating the calculated value using the relational expression between the current measured value and the measured value up to n times before, the hot water level when the hot metal in the pan reaches a predetermined amount is set as the threshold D of the calculated value. When k−n ≦ 0, for example, X _kn = X _k Y _k = (X _k + X _k-1 + X _k-2 + ... + X _kn ) / (N + 1) to reduce the error by calculating the average value of the measured values for n times, _k When it is ≧ D, it is determined that the hot metal in the pan has reached a predetermined amount of received metal. Therefore, even if a coefficient for reducing the error is not obtained in advance, the calculated value obtained by reducing the error of the actually measured value is used. Can be reliably received.
[0040]
According to the receiving device of the present invention, a calculated value is obtained by using an actually measured value of a level meter, an elapsed time from the start of receiving is measured, and the tilting rod tilt is controlled using the elapsed time and the calculated value. A means for obtaining a calculated value obtained by reducing an error of the actual measurement value using an actual measurement value of the level meter, a time measuring means for measuring an elapsed time from the start of receiving the pot, and the progress Using the time and the calculated value as a control unit, a judgment means for judging the end or continuation of acceptance or an error, and a means for issuing an alarm to the worker based on the judgment result or for tilting the tilting rod Since it can be configured and connected to a level meter and tilting rod tilting means, a predetermined amount of hot metal can be received safely and reliably without using an expensive load cell. The structure of the device is simple
The present invention has excellent effects.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of a receiving device according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of a receiving device according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic horizontal sectional view of the receiving device according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a control unit of the receiving device according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a threshold value of a calculated value and a minimum elapsed time used in the receiving method according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of the longest elapsed time used in the receiving method according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of an allowable range of a change amount of a calculated value used in the receiving method according to the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a control procedure of the drive unit by the control unit of the receiving device according to the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing a control procedure of the drive unit by the control unit of the receiving device according to the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a graph showing a relationship between an elapsed time and an actually measured value or a calculated value when the drive unit is controlled using the receiving method according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Blast furnace
3 Level meter
4 Tilt injection
5 Pans
8 Control unit

Claims

In the receiving method of inclining the tilted iron in the other direction so that the hot metal produced by the blast furnace is received in the pan by tilting the tilted iron in one direction, and then received in the other pot
Measure the elapsed time from the start of receiving the pot, determine whether the elapsed time is not less than the longest time of a predetermined time width, and if it is longer than the longest time, issue an alarm, The hot water level of the hot metal in the pan is measured, and the actual value of the hot water level is calculated in a time-series manner by calculating a calculated value in which the error of the actual value is reduced using a predetermined error reduction method, If the elapsed time is less than the longest time, determine whether the calculated value is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold, if it is less than the threshold, continue acceptance, if greater than the threshold, It is determined whether or not the elapsed time is equal to or longer than the shortest time of the time width, and whether or not the amount of change of the calculated value from the previous calculated value is within a predetermined range. The elapsed time is less than the shortest time or the amount of change exceeds the range.受銑 method if you are an alarm, if the case and the amount of change in the elapsed time is equal to or greater than the minimum h is within the range, characterized in that to start 受銑 other pan vehicle.

In the error reduction method, the calculated value Y _{k is changed} to the measured value X _k , the number k of measurements, the previous calculated value Y _k−1 , and a predetermined coefficient α (0 <α <1).
Y _k = αX _k + (1-α) Y _k-1
The receiving method according to claim 1, wherein the calculation is performed using:

In the error reduction method, the calculated value Y _k is converted into the measured value X _k , the number k of measurements, the natural number n, and the measured value X _kn before n times,
_Yk = ( _Xk + _Xk-1 + _Xk-2 + ... + _Xkn ) / (n + 1)
The receiving method according to claim 1, wherein the calculation is performed using:

There are hot metal outlets on both sides, tilted in one direction, and the hot metal discharged from the blast furnace is received by a woker placed under one of the hot metal outlets, and the hot metal is connected to the other hot metal outlet In a receiving device comprising tilting rod tilting means for tilting the tilting rod to tilt in the other direction in order to be received by a pot car placed underneath,
A level meter for measuring the level of hot metal in the hot pot, an arithmetic means for converting an actual measurement value of the level meter into a calculated value obtained by reducing an error of the actual measurement value using a predetermined error reduction method, A time measuring means for measuring an elapsed time from the start of acceptance, a first means for determining whether to issue an alarm using the elapsed time and the calculated value, and an alarm when it is determined that an alarm should be issued An alarm transmitting means for emitting, a second means for determining whether or not to end the receiving of the pot when no alarm is issued, and the tilting and tilting means for controlling the tilting and tilting means when it is determined to end. Means for tilting the bowl to incline in the other direction and starting receiving the other pot cart ,
The first means includes
When the elapsed time is not less than the longest time of a predetermined time width,
When the calculated value is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold and the elapsed time is less than the shortest time of the time width,
Or, when the calculated value is equal to or greater than the threshold, and the amount of change of the calculated value from the previous calculated value exceeds a predetermined range,
It ’s determined that a warning should be issued,
The second means includes
When the elapsed time is less than the longest time and is not less than the shortest time, the calculated value is not less than the threshold value, and the amount of change is within the range,
受銑and wherein the Citea Rukoto to determine to end.