JP4601140B2 - Bicarbonate hardener for silicate soil stabilization chemicals - Google Patents

Bicarbonate hardener for silicate soil stabilization chemicals Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4601140B2
JP4601140B2 JP2000278366A JP2000278366A JP4601140B2 JP 4601140 B2 JP4601140 B2 JP 4601140B2 JP 2000278366 A JP2000278366 A JP 2000278366A JP 2000278366 A JP2000278366 A JP 2000278366A JP 4601140 B2 JP4601140 B2 JP 4601140B2
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component
curing agent
bicarbonate
liquid
silicate
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JP2002088365A (en
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雅 中村
健司 澤田
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Mitsubishi Chemical Corp
Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd
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Mitsubishi Chemical Corp
Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/24Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
    • C04B28/26Silicates of the alkali metals
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2103/00Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B2103/10Accelerators; Activators
    • C04B2103/14Hardening accelerators
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00034Physico-chemical characteristics of the mixtures
    • C04B2111/00086Mixtures with prolonged pot-life
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00732Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for soil stabilisation

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液における重炭酸塩系硬化剤に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、軟弱地盤を強化したり漏水地盤を止水するために、種々の薬液を地盤内に注入し、地盤中でゲル化させる地盤安定化工法が知られているが、特にアルカリ珪酸塩水溶液を主剤液とし、これと硬化剤とを組み合わせた薬液からなる、いわゆる珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液は安価であり、他のグラウトと比較して公害を起こす恐れが小さい等の特徴があり、現在広く実用化されている.
【0003】
珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液は、硬化剤の使用量を適宜変化させ施工の目的や地盤の状況に応じ、所望のゲルタイムに調整され施工が行われている。これら珪酸塩系グラウト用の硬化剤としては、従来種々の物質が提案されているが、危険性がなくて取扱いが容易なこと、その使用量を変えることで薬液のゲルタイムを数秒から数分の範囲いわゆる瞬結型から緩結型まで幅広く調整出来る事などの点から、重炭酸塩からなる硬化剤が広く用いられている。
【0004】
また、出願人は特開平08-277524号公報で炭酸塩を主成分とする硬化剤として重炭酸ナトリウムと重炭酸カリウムを56:44〜75:25の範囲で組み合わせることにより、形成された硬化体の強度の発現が良好で、かつ、離しょう現象の少ない珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液および地盤安定化工法を提案している。
【0005】
従来の重炭酸塩を主成分とする珪酸塩系土質安定剤の硬化剤は長期間貯蔵した場合、硬化剤が固結し、硬化剤を水に溶解させ硬化剤液を調製している時に溶解槽の撹拌羽を破壊する等の問題点があった。
【0006】
また、硬化剤液の調製において、特にゲルタイムを早くするためにアルカリ珪酸塩に対する硬化剤重量比を高めた場合、溶解時間が長くなり、硬化剤を水に溶解させ硬化剤液を調製するのに長時間を要し、施工が長引くなどの作業上の問題点もあった。さらに、アルカリ珪酸塩に対する硬化剤の使用量を変化させ、薬液のゲルタイムを10数秒から数分の範囲のいわゆる緩結に調整した場合やゲルタイム10秒以内のいわゆる瞬結に調整した場合にも、安定化処理した地盤の強度が低く,処理した地盤を切削したときに該地盤が崩壊したり亀裂を生じる等の問題点があった。
【0007】
特開平08-277524号公報記載の重炭酸塩を主成分とした硬化剤を改良した硬化剤を用いた珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液は硬化体の強度の発現が良好で、かつ、離しょう現象の少ないものであったが、硬化剤自体を長期間貯蔵した場合に固結したり、硬化剤を水に溶解させ硬化剤液を調製するのに溶解時間が長く、施工が長引くなどの作業上の問題点があり、改善が望まれていた。また、強度に関しては従来の重炭酸塩からなる硬化剤を用いた場合に比較して改善がなされていたが、超軟弱地盤の様なさらに強度を必要とする場面においては、いまだ十分とは言えず、更なる改善が望まれていた。
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液における重炭酸塩からなる硬化剤であって、長期間貯蔵しても固結を起こしにくく、かつ水への溶解性が良く、形成する硬化体の強度の発現を良好である重炭酸塩系硬化剤を提供することにある。
【0009】
本発明の珪酸塩系土質安定剤の硬化剤を見い出すにあたって、目的とする性能基準を次のとおりとし、これらの性能基準をいずれも満たした時、本発明の目的が達成されたとした。
【0010】
(1)硬化剤450gを15cm×18cmのポリエチレンビニール袋(0.5mmφ×6ヶのピンホールをつけたもの)に入れ、封したものを試験体とし0.2N/mm2荷重のもと35℃、湿度65%の恒温恒湿室内で一年間貯蔵した。
しかる後、サンプルを12メッシュのふるい上にあけ、ふるい上に残った重量A(g)とふるいを通過した重量B(g)を測定し、下式より固結率を算出し,固結率が10%未満であれば目的を達成されたとした。
固結率(%)=A/(A+B)×100
【0011】
(2)5℃の環境下、ドラム缶内に硬化剤20kgと硬化剤液が200リットルとなるように5℃の水を加え、ミキサー(パワーミックスPM220B東芝(株)製)を用いて攪拌し硬化剤が完全に溶解するまでの時間が5分以内であれば目的が達成されたとした。
【0012】
(3)アルカリ珪酸塩として、日本工業規格(JIS K-1408)に規定されている3号珪酸ソーダを用い、3号珪酸ソーダ80リットルと水120リットルの割合で混合して調製した水溶液を主剤液(A液)としたとき、硬化剤を含む水溶液をB液として、A液とB液とを等量づつ混合して得られた薬液が温度20℃において;
B液中の硬化剤量を調整し薬液のゲルタイムを1分30秒〜2分30秒(緩結)に調整した時、ゲル化1日経過後における形成された硬化体(ホモゲル体)の一軸圧縮強度値が0.015N/mm2以上であり、かつB液の硬化剤量を調整し薬液のゲルタイムを7〜10秒(瞬結)に調整したとき、ゲル化1日経過後における形成された硬化体(ホモゲル体)の一軸圧縮強度値が0.045N/mm2以上であれば目的を達成されたとした。
【0013】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、前記問題点を改善し課題を解決すべく鋭意検討した結果、珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液における硬化剤において、該重炭酸塩系硬化剤がa成分:重炭酸ナトリウム、b成分:重炭酸カリウムの重炭酸塩とc成分:形態が粉末状のナフタレンスルホン酸系化合物、リグニンスルホン酸系化合物、オキシポリカルボン酸系化合物及びメラミンスルホン酸系化合物からなる群より選ばれた少なくとも一種並びにd成分:炭酸アルカリ金属塩からなり、その量比が重量比でa成分とb成分の比が特定の範囲で、(a成分+b成分)100質量部あたりc成分が特定範囲で、かつ(a成分+b成分)100質量部あたりd成分が特定の範囲となるように配合された組成にすることにより意外にも前記の性能基準をいずれも満たすことを知り、本発明を完成した。
【0014】
すなわち、本発明は「珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液に用いる重炭酸塩系硬化剤であって、該重炭酸塩系硬化剤がa成分:重炭酸ナトリウム、b成分:重炭酸カリウム、c成分:形態が粉末状の,ナフタレンスルホン酸系化合物、リグニンスルホン酸系化合物、オキシポリカルボン酸系化合物、メラミンスルホン酸系化合物よりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも一種並びにd成分:炭酸アルカリ金属塩からなり、その硬化剤各成分の割合がa成分とb成分の量比が85:15〜15:85、c成分がa成分とb成分の合計量100質量部あたり0.02〜3質量部、かつd成分がa成分とb成分の合計量100質量部あたり0.02〜10質量部の範囲であることを特徴とする珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液における重炭酸塩系硬化剤。」を要旨とする。
【0015】
【発明実施の形態】
以下、本発明の詳細を説明する。
【0016】
本発明の土質安定用薬液における硬化剤は、a成分:重炭酸ナトリウム、b成分:重炭酸カリウムの重炭酸塩とc成分:形態が粉末状のナフタレンスルホン酸系化合物、リグニンスルホン酸系化合物、オキシポリカルボン酸系化合物及びメラミンスルホン酸系化合物よりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも一種並びにd成分:炭酸アルカリ金属塩からなる。
【0017】
以下重炭酸ナトリウムをa成分、重炭酸カリウムをb成分、形態が粉末状のナフタレンスルホン酸系化合物、リグニンスルホン酸系化合物、オキシポリカルボン酸系化合物及びメラミンスルホン酸系化合物よりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも一種をc成分、炭酸アルカリ金属塩をd成分と略す。
【0018】
本発明のa成分、b成分は一般に市販されているものを用いることが出来る。
c成分は粉末ナフタレンスルホン酸系化合物はナフタレンスルホン酸やアルキルアリルスルホン酸のアルカリ(土類)金属塩、またはこれらのホルマリン縮合物など粉末状の各種誘導体で、市販品では例えばマイティ100(花王(株)社製)をあげることが出来る。
【0019】
c成分の粉末リグニンスルホン酸系化合物はリグニンスルホン酸のアルカリ(土類)金属塩、またはこれらのホルマリン縮合物など粉末状の各種誘導体で、市販品では例えば、サンフローR(サンフロー(株)社製)をあげる事が出来る。c成分のポリカルボン酸系化合物はカルボキシル基を有する化合物のアルカリ(土類)金属塩の付加または縮合重合物など粉末状の各種誘導体で、例えば市販品のパリック#1(エフ・ピー・ケイ(株)製))を35℃で質量変化0.1%未満になるまで乾燥させたもの等を用いることが出来る。
【0020】
c成分の粉末メラミンスルホン酸系化合物はメラミンスルホン酸のアルカリ(土類)金属塩、またはこれらのホルマリン縮合物など粉末状の各種誘導体で,市販品では例えば,SMF-PD(日産化学工業(株)製)を挙げることが出来る。
【0021】
これらc成分はいずれも粉末のもので、液状のものを用いると固結の原因となる。また、d成分はM2CO3(MはLi、Na、Kのアルカリ金属元素を示す)の化学式で表現される化合物であり、一般に市販されているものを用いることが出来る。
【0022】
本発明の硬化剤は、これらa成分、b成分、c成分、d成分の量比が質量比でa成分:b成分=85:15〜15:85の範囲であり、c成分は(a成分+b成分)100質量部あたり0.02〜3質量部、かつ(a成分+b成分)100質量部あたりd成分が0.02〜10質量部の範囲となるように配合された組成である珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液における重炭酸塩系硬化剤である。
【0023】
硬化剤の組成として規定した量比範囲に対して、硬化剤中の(a成分+b成分)100質量部あたりのa成分またはb成分が15質量部より少ないとき、または85質量部よりも多いときには形成された硬化体の一軸圧縮強度に関して前記の性能基準を満たさず本発明の目的を達成することが出来ない。
【0024】
また、c成分の量比が(a成分+b成分)100質量部あたり0.02質量部より少ないときには5℃における圧縮強度および溶解性や固結に関して、また3質量部より多いときには固結に関していずれも前記の性能を満たさず本発明の目的を達成することが出来ない。
【0025】
また、d成分の量比が(a成分+b成分)100質量部あたり0.02質量部より少ないとき、または10質量部より多いときには固結に関していずれも前記の性能を満たさず本発明の目的を達成することが出来ない。
【0026】
次に、本発明の硬化剤を用いた珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液の主剤のアルカリ珪酸塩には、従来から珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液に用いられているもの、例えば、日本工業規格(JIS K1408)に規定されている1〜3号珪酸ソーダ、またはSiO2/Na2O(モル比)が4〜6の範囲であるシリカゾル等を用いることができる。また商品名「ニトロック」(三菱レイヨン社製)を用いることも出来る。
【0027】
これら珪酸ソーダは一般に水溶液状になっているが、施工時に更に水で希釈して土質安定化に適した適宜の濃度の水溶液にする。例えば、珪酸ソーダ水溶液(以下A液と略す)と硬化剤液(以下B液と略す)とを等容量ずつ混合しながら地盤中に注入する通常の施工法において、珪酸ソーダ源としてJIS3号水ガラスが用いられた場合は通常、該珪酸ソーダ70〜120容量部を水で希釈して200容量部にしたものをA液として使用する。A液中の珪酸ソーダ濃度は高くする程処理地盤の強度を大きくすることが出来る。
【0028】
本発明の土質安定用薬液における硬化剤組成物の水溶液(B液)は、A液とB液とを適宜の量比で混合して得られた薬液400リットルあたり、例えば3号珪酸ソーダ80リットルを含む場合には硬化剤組成物の重量が特に規定はないが、通常10.0kg〜35.0kgの範囲となるように調製する。上記範囲以内で、硬化剤組成物の使用量を多くすると薬液のゲルタイムを短くことが、一方少なくすると薬液のゲルタイムを長く調整することが出来る。
【0029】
実際の地盤安定化においては、主剤としてのアルカリ珪酸塩と水とを混合してA液を、また、本発明で規定した硬化剤組成物と水とを混合してB液をそれぞれ調製し、調製されたA液とB液とを適宜の比率で混合して得られた薬液を地盤内に注入して硬化させ、地盤を安定化させる方法を例示することが出来る。
【0030】
薬液の地盤内の注入に際しては、単菅式、二重菅式、多重菅式などの各種注入菅に用いる事ができ、またA液とB液とを予め混合して注入菅に導く方法、A液とB液とを注入間の基部に設けた混合部−例えば、Y字菅において混合して注入管に導く方法、あるいは、A液とB液とをそれぞれ独立に注入菅に導いて注入菅内で混合する方法,あるいは、A液とB液とをそれぞれ独立に注入菅に導いて、注入菅から地盤内に注入しながら地盤内において合流・混合させる等適宜の方法を薬液のゲルタイムや施工性に応じて採用することが出来る。
【0031】
【実施例】
次に、実施例および比較例によって、本発明を具体的に説明する。本発明は、これら、実施例に限定されるものではない。
【0032】
硬化剤が1tとなるようにナウターミキサーに24メッシュのふるいを通過させた重炭酸ナトリウムおよび重炭酸カリウムを投入し、さらに24メッシュのふるいを通過させたc成分を投入、最後に24メッシュのふるいを通過させた炭酸アルカリ塩を投入し、30分混合したものを硬化剤とし、試験に用いた。
なお、重炭酸ナトリウムと重炭酸カリウム、炭酸アルカリ塩はいずれも試薬1級を用いた。
【0033】
また、c成分に用いた物質は以下の通り。
・粉末ナフタレンスルホン酸系化合物:マイティ100(花王(株)社製)
・粉末リグニンスルホン酸系化合物 :サンフローR(サンフロー(株)社製)
・粉末オキシポリカルボン酸系化合物:パリック#1(エフ・ピー・ケイ(株)製)
)を35℃で重量変化0.1%未満になるまで乾燥させたもの
・粉末メラミンスルホン酸系化合物:SMF-PD(日産化学工業(株)製)
・脂肪酸アルキルエステル :パステルM-180(ライオン(株)製)
【0034】
各試験における硬化剤組成物の重炭酸ナトリウムと重炭酸カリウムの質量比、B液中並びにA液とB液の混合液(薬液)中の硬化剤組成物の配合処方と、薬液の評価項目として、硬化剤の固結性、硬化剤の水への溶解性、硬化体のイチジク圧縮強度、それぞれについての測定結果と評価及び総合評価を表1、表2に示した。
【0035】
薬液性能の各評価項目の試験方法と判断基準は次のとおりである。
・固結性・・・硬化剤450gを15cm×18cmのポリエチレンビニール袋(0.5mmφ×6ヶのピンホールをつけたもの)に入れ,封したもの試験体とし0.02N/mm2荷重のもと35℃、R.H.65%の恒温恒湿室内で一年間貯蔵した。
しかる後、サンプルを12メッシュのふるい上にあけ、ふるい上に残った重量A(g)とふるいを通過した重量をB(g)測定し、最後に下式より固結率を算出した。
固結率(%)=A/(A+B)×100
評価◯・・・固結率が10%未満であった。
×・・・固結率が10%以上であった。
【0036】
・水への溶解性評価・・・5℃の環境下、ドラム缶内に硬化剤20kgと硬化剤液が200リットルとなるように5℃の水を加え、ミキサー(パワーミックスPM220B東芝(株)製)を用いて攪拌し硬化剤が完全に溶解するまでの時間を測定した。
評価◯・・・5分以内に完全に溶解した。
×・・・完全に溶解するのに5分以上かかった。
【0037】
・硬化体の一軸圧縮強度・・・硬化体の一軸圧縮強度の評価は以下の条件で評価した。
・A液・・・JIS3号珪酸ソーダ80リットルに水120リットルを加えて調整した。
・B液・・・硬化剤を所定量計り取り容量200リットルとなるように水を加え、硬化剤を完全に溶解させB液とした。
【0038】
上記のようにして調整したA液とB液の各50mlずつを温度20℃において混合し、この混合液を円柱の型枠(径5cm×高さ10cm)内に流し込み、形成された硬化体の材令1日の一軸圧縮強度値を測定した。
【0039】
評価◯・・・ゲルタイム7秒〜10秒の瞬結に調整した硬化体の一軸圧縮強度の値が、0.045N/mm2以上かつゲルタイム1分30秒〜2分30秒の緩結に調整した硬化体の一軸圧縮強度値が0.015N/mm2であった。
×・・・ゲルタイム7秒〜10秒の瞬結に調整した硬化体の一軸圧縮強度の値が、0.045N/mm2未満または1分30秒〜2分30秒の緩結に調整した硬化体の一軸圧縮強度値が0.015N/mm2未満であった。
【0040】
総合評価
◯・・・硬化体の一軸圧縮強度、固結性、硬化剤の溶解性の評価が全て◯であった。
×・・・評価項目の少なくとも一つが×であった。
【0041】
【表1】

Figure 0004601140
【0042】
【表2】
Figure 0004601140
【0043】
実験1〜5は硬化剤組成における重炭酸ナトリウムと重炭酸カリウムの重量比の薬液の性能への影響および硬化剤の固結性と水への溶解性への影響を示す。硬化剤組成物における重炭酸ナトリウムの量比が本発明の規定範囲よりも多いとき(実験1)、または少ないとき(実験5)には形成された硬化体の一軸圧縮強度に関して、前記の性能基準を満たさず、いずれも本発明の目的を達成することが出来なかった。
【0044】
実験6は硬化剤中にc成分を含まない場合の薬液の性能への影響および硬化剤の固結性と水への溶解性への影響を示す。この場合、形成された硬化体の一軸圧縮強度および硬化剤の固結性および水への溶解性に関して、それぞれ前記性能基準を満たさず本発明の目的を達成することが出来なかった。
【0045】
実験7〜11は硬化剤組成物における重炭酸塩の合計量とc成分の質量比の薬液の性能への影響および硬化剤の固結性と水への溶解性への影響を示す。c成分の量比が本発明規定範囲より少ないとき(実験7)には形成された硬化体の一軸圧縮強度および硬化剤の固結性と水への溶解性に関して、一方、規定範囲より多いとき(実験11)には硬化剤の固結性に関して、それぞれ前記の性能基準を満たさず、いずれも本発明の目的を達成することが出来なかった。
【0046】
実験12〜16は硬化剤組成物における重炭酸塩の合計量とB成分成分の質量比の薬液の性能への影響および硬化剤の固結性と水への溶解性への影響を示す。B成分が本発明規定範囲より少ないとき(実験12)、または多いとき(実験16)には硬化剤の固結性に関して前記の性能基準を満たさず、いずれも本発明の目的を達成することが出来なかった。
【0047】
実験17〜20は比較例として本発明以外の炭酸塩を用いた場合の薬液の性能への影響および硬化剤の固結性と水への溶解性への影響を示す。本発明以外の炭酸塩を用いた場合はいずれに本発明の評価基準をすべて満たさず、本発明の目的を達成することができなかった。
【0048】
これに対して、本発明の条件を満たした場合(実験2〜4、8〜10、13〜15)にはゲルタイムを7秒〜9秒に調整した時の形成された1日後の一軸圧縮強度値が0.045N/mm2以上であり、ゲルタイムを1分30秒〜2分30秒に調整したときの形成された1日後の一軸圧縮強度値が0.015N/mm2以上であり、1t/m2の加圧下、硬化剤を1年間貯蔵しても完全無固結であり、5℃の環境下、硬化剤を20kg計り取り容量200リットルとなるように5℃の水を加え、硬化剤が完全に溶解する時間が5分以内であって、いずれも前記薬液および硬化剤の性能基準を満たし、本発明の目的を達成することが出来た。
【0049】
【発明の効果】
本発明の珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液の硬化剤によれば従来の硬化剤組成の組み合わせでは得られなかった性能、すなわち、長期間貯蔵しても固結を起こしにくく、かつ水への溶解性が良く、形成する硬化体の強度の発現を良好でより安全、確実に地盤を安定化出来る。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a bicarbonate-based curing agent in a silicate-based soil stabilization chemical.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, in order to strengthen the soft ground or stop the leaked ground, there are known ground stabilization methods in which various chemicals are injected into the ground and gelled in the ground. The so-called silicate-based soil stabilization chemical solution, which consists of a chemical solution that combines the main agent solution and a curing agent, is inexpensive and has the characteristics that it is less likely to cause pollution compared to other grouts. It has been put into practical use.
[0003]
The silicate-based soil stabilization chemical solution is adjusted to a desired gel time according to the purpose of construction and the ground condition by appropriately changing the amount of the curing agent used. Various materials have been proposed as curing agents for these silicate-based grouts, but there is no danger and they are easy to handle, and the gel time of chemicals can be changed from a few seconds to a few minutes by changing the amount used. A curing agent made of bicarbonate is widely used because it can be widely adjusted from a so-called instantaneous setting type to a slow setting type.
[0004]
Further, the applicant has disclosed a cured product formed by combining sodium bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonate in a range of 56:44 to 75:25 as a curing agent mainly composed of carbonate in JP-A-08-277524. We have proposed a silicate-based soil stabilization chemical and ground stabilization method with good strength development and little separation.
[0005]
The conventional hardener of silicate soil stabilizer mainly composed of bicarbonate dissolves when the hardener is solidified and dissolved in water to prepare the hardener liquid when stored for a long time. There were problems such as destroying the stirring blades in the tank.
[0006]
Also, in the preparation of the curing agent liquid, especially when the weight ratio of the curing agent to the alkali silicate is increased in order to increase the gel time, the dissolution time becomes longer, and the curing agent solution is prepared by dissolving the curing agent in water. There were also problems in work, such as requiring a long time and prolonged construction. Furthermore, even when the amount of curing agent used for alkali silicate is changed and the gel time of the chemical solution is adjusted to the so-called slow setting in the range of several tens of seconds to several minutes, or when the gel time is adjusted to the so-called instantaneous setting within 10 seconds, The strength of the stabilized ground was low, and when the treated ground was cut, the ground collapsed or cracked.
[0007]
A silicate-based soil stabilization chemical solution using a hardener that is an improvement of the hardener mainly composed of bicarbonate described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 08-277524 has a well-developed strength of the hardened body and a separation phenomenon. However, when the curing agent itself is stored for a long period of time, it takes a long time to dissolve the curing agent and prepares a curing agent solution. Therefore, improvement was desired. In addition, the strength has been improved compared to the case of using a conventional hardener made of bicarbonate, but it is still sufficient in situations that require further strength, such as ultra-soft ground. However, further improvements were desired.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is a curing agent comprising a bicarbonate in a silicate-based soil stabilization chemical solution, which is hard to cause consolidation even when stored for a long period of time, has good solubility in water, and forms a cured product. An object of the present invention is to provide a bicarbonate-based curing agent that exhibits good strength development.
[0009]
In finding the curing agent of the silicate-based soil stabilizer of the present invention, the target performance criteria are as follows, and when all of these performance criteria are satisfied, the object of the present invention has been achieved.
[0010]
(1) Put the curing agent 450g to 15cm × 18cm polyethylene plastic bags (those with a pinhole of 0.5 mm [phi × 6 months), a material obtained by sealing a specimen 0.2 N / mm 2 under 35 ° C. of the load, Stored in a constant temperature and humidity room with a humidity of 65% for one year.
After that, open the sample on a 12-mesh sieve, measure the weight A (g) remaining on the sieve and the weight B (g) that passed through the sieve, and calculate the consolidation rate from the following formula. If the value is less than 10%, the objective has been achieved.
Consolidation rate (%) = A / (A + B) × 100
[0011]
(2) Under a 5 ° C environment, add 5kg of water to the drum so that the curing agent is 20kg and the hardening agent solution is 200 liters, and stir using a mixer (Powermix PM220B manufactured by Toshiba Corporation) to cure. If the time until the agent was completely dissolved was within 5 minutes, the objective was achieved.
[0012]
(3) As alkali silicate, use No. 3 sodium silicate prescribed in Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS K-1408), and use aqueous solution prepared by mixing 80 liter of No. 3 sodium silicate and 120 liter of water. When a liquid (liquid A) is used, an aqueous solution containing a curing agent is liquid B, and a chemical obtained by mixing equal amounts of liquid A and liquid B at a temperature of 20 ° C .;
When the amount of the curing agent in the B liquid is adjusted and the gel time of the chemical liquid is adjusted from 1 minute 30 seconds to 2 minutes 30 seconds (relaxation), uniaxial compression of the formed cured body (homogel body) after 1 day of gelation When the strength value is 0.015 N / mm 2 or more, and the amount of the B liquid curing agent is adjusted and the gel time of the chemical liquid is adjusted to 7 to 10 seconds (instantaneous setting), the cured body formed after 1 day of gelation. If the uniaxial compressive strength value of the (homogel body) was 0.045 N / mm 2 or more, the object was achieved.
[0013]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to improve the above-mentioned problems and solve the problems, the present inventors have found that in the curing agent in the silicate-based soil stabilization chemical solution, the bicarbonate-based curing agent is a component: sodium bicarbonate, b Component: potassium bicarbonate of potassium bicarbonate and c component: at least selected from the group consisting of powdered naphthalene sulfonic acid compound, lignin sulfonic acid compound, oxypolycarboxylic acid compound and melamine sulfonic acid compound 1 type and d component: It consists of an alkali metal carbonate, the quantity ratio is a weight ratio, the ratio of a component and b component is a specific range, (a component + b component) c component is a specific range per 100 mass parts, and (A component + b component) By knowing that all of the above performance criteria are unexpectedly satisfied by making the composition so that the d component is in a specific range per 100 parts by mass, the present invention is completed. It was.
[0014]
That is, the present invention is “a bicarbonate-based curing agent used in a silicate-based soil stabilization chemical solution, wherein the bicarbonate-based curing agent is a component: sodium bicarbonate, b component: potassium bicarbonate, c component: At least one selected from the group consisting of naphthalene sulfonic acid compounds, lignin sulfonic acid compounds, oxypolycarboxylic acid compounds, melamine sulfonic acid compounds in the form of powder, and d component: an alkali metal carbonate, The ratio of each component of the curing agent is 85:15 to 15:85 in the amount ratio of component a and component b, component c is 0.02 to 3 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of component a and component b, and component d is A bicarbonate-based curing agent in a silicate-based soil stabilization chemical solution characterized by being in the range of 0.02 to 10 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the total amount of component a and component b.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Details of the present invention will be described below.
[0016]
The curing agent in the chemical solution for stabilizing soil according to the present invention is composed of a component: sodium bicarbonate, b component: bicarbonate of potassium bicarbonate and c component: naphthalene sulfonic acid compound, lignin sulfonic acid compound in the form of powder, At least one selected from the group consisting of an oxypolycarboxylic acid compound and a melamine sulfonic acid compound, and d component: an alkali metal carbonate.
[0017]
The following is selected from the group consisting of sodium bicarbonate as component a, potassium bicarbonate as component b, and powdered naphthalene sulfonic acid compound, lignin sulfonic acid compound, oxypolycarboxylic acid compound and melamine sulfonic acid compound. Further, at least one kind is abbreviated as component c and alkali metal carbonate is abbreviated as component d.
[0018]
What is generally marketed can be used for a component and b component of this invention.
The component c is a powdery naphthalene sulfonic acid compound, which is an alkaline (earth) metal salt of naphthalene sulfonic acid or alkylallyl sulfonic acid, or various powdery derivatives such as formalin condensates thereof. Manufactured by the company).
[0019]
The powdered lignin sulfonic acid compound of component c is an alkaline (earth) metal salt of lignin sulfonic acid, or various powdery derivatives such as these formalin condensates, and commercially available products such as Sunflow R (Sunflow Co., Ltd.) ). The polycarboxylic acid compound of component c is a powdery derivative such as an addition of an alkali (earth) metal salt of a compound having a carboxyl group or a condensation polymerization product. For example, commercially available Paric # 1 (FPK ( A product obtained by drying at 35 ° C. until the mass change is less than 0.1% can be used.
[0020]
The powdered melamine sulfonic acid compound of component c is an alkaline (earth) metal salt of melamine sulfonic acid, or various powdery derivatives such as formalin condensates thereof, and commercially available products such as SMF-PD (Nissan Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) ) Made).
[0021]
These c components are all in powder form, and using a liquid form causes caking. The component d is a compound represented by a chemical formula of M 2 CO 3 (M represents an alkali metal element of Li, Na, and K), and commercially available compounds can be used.
[0022]
In the curing agent of the present invention, the mass ratio of the a component, b component, c component, and d component is in the range of a component: b component = 85: 15 to 15:85, and the c component is (a component + B component) 0.02 to 3 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass, and (a component + b component) for silicate soil stabilization that is a composition blended so that the d component is in the range of 0.02 to 10 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass It is a bicarbonate-based curing agent in chemicals.
[0023]
When the a component or b component per 100 parts by mass of (a component + b component) in the curing agent is less than 15 parts by mass or more than 85 parts by mass with respect to the quantitative ratio range defined as the composition of the curing agent The uniaxial compressive strength of the formed cured body does not meet the above performance criteria, and the object of the present invention cannot be achieved.
[0024]
In addition, when the amount ratio of component c is less than 0.02 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of (a component + b component), the compressive strength at 5 ° C. and the solubility and consolidation are all. The object of the present invention cannot be achieved without satisfying the above performance.
[0025]
Further, when the amount ratio of the d component is less than 0.02 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of (a component + b component) or more than 10 parts by mass, none of the above-mentioned performance is satisfied with respect to consolidation, and the object of the present invention is achieved. I can't.
[0026]
Next, the alkali silicate as the main component of the silicate-based soil stabilization chemical solution using the curing agent of the present invention includes those conventionally used in silicate-based soil stabilization chemical solutions, such as Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS). No. 1 to 3 silicate as defined in K1408) or silica sol having a SiO 2 / Na 2 O (molar ratio) in the range of 4 to 6 can be used. The trade name “Nitrok” (manufactured by Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd.) can also be used.
[0027]
These sodium silicates are generally in the form of an aqueous solution, but are further diluted with water at the time of construction to obtain an aqueous solution having an appropriate concentration suitable for soil stabilization. For example, in a normal construction method in which a sodium silicate aqueous solution (hereinafter abbreviated as “A” liquid) and a curing agent liquid (hereinafter abbreviated as “B liquid”) are mixed in equal volumes and poured into the ground, JIS3 water glass is used as a sodium silicate source. In general, 70 to 120 parts by volume of the sodium silicate solubilized with water to 200 parts by volume is used as the liquid A. The strength of the treated ground can be increased as the concentration of sodium silicate in the liquid A is increased.
[0028]
The aqueous solution (liquid B) of the curing agent composition in the chemical solution for soil stabilization of the present invention is, for example, 80 liters of No. 3 sodium silicate per 400 liters of chemical liquid obtained by mixing liquid A and liquid B in an appropriate quantity ratio. Is included, the weight of the curing agent composition is not particularly specified, but is usually adjusted to be in the range of 10.0 kg to 35.0 kg. Within the above range, if the amount of the curing agent composition used is increased, the gel time of the chemical solution can be shortened, while if it is decreased, the gel time of the chemical solution can be adjusted to be long.
[0029]
In actual ground stabilization, alkali silicate as the main agent and water are mixed to prepare liquid A, and the curing agent composition defined in the present invention and water are mixed to prepare liquid B, A method of stabilizing the ground by injecting a chemical solution obtained by mixing the prepared liquid A and liquid B at an appropriate ratio into the ground and curing it can be exemplified.
[0030]
When injecting the chemical solution into the ground, it can be used for various injection tanks such as single bottle type, double bottle type, multiple bottle type, etc., and a method in which A liquid and B liquid are mixed in advance and led to the injection tank, Mixing part provided at the base between injections of A liquid and B liquid-for example, a method of mixing in a Y-shaped bottle and guiding it to the injection pipe, or introducing A liquid and B liquid independently into the injection tank The method of mixing in the jar, or the appropriate method such as guiding the A liquid and the B liquid to the injection jars independently and merging and mixing them in the ground while injecting them from the injection tub into the ground. It can be adopted according to the nature.
[0031]
【Example】
Next, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples and comparative examples. The present invention is not limited to these examples.
[0032]
Add sodium bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonate that passed through a 24 mesh sieve to the Nauter mixer so that the curing agent is 1 ton, then add the c component that passed through the 24 mesh sieve, and finally add 24 mesh. The alkali carbonate salt passed through a sieve was added and mixed for 30 minutes to make a curing agent, which was used for the test.
For sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, and alkali carbonate, all grades of reagent 1 were used.
[0033]
Moreover, the substance used for c component is as follows.
・ Powder naphthalene sulfonic acid compound: Mighty 100 (manufactured by Kao Corporation)
・ Powdered lignin sulfonic acid compound: Sunflow R (manufactured by Sunflow Co., Ltd.)
・ Powdered oxypolycarboxylic acid compound: Paric # 1 (manufactured by FPK Corporation)
) Dried at 35 ° C until the weight change is less than 0.1%. Powdered melamine sulfonic acid compound: SMF-PD (manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd.)
・ Fatty acid alkyl ester: Pastel M-180 (manufactured by Lion Corporation)
[0034]
Mass ratio of sodium bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonate in the curing agent composition in each test, combination formulation of the curing agent composition in the B liquid and the mixed liquid (chemical liquid) of the A liquid and B liquid, and the evaluation items of the chemical liquid Tables 1 and 2 show the measurement results, evaluations, and overall evaluations for the solidifying property of the curing agent, the solubility of the curing agent in water, and the fig compressive strength of the cured product.
[0035]
The test methods and criteria for each evaluation item for chemical performance are as follows.
- Put the caking ... hardener 450g to 15cm × 18cm polyethylene plastic bags (those with a pinhole of 0.5 mm [phi × 6 months), the original and those that have been sealed specimen 0.02 N / mm 2 load It was stored for one year in a constant temperature and humidity room at 35 ° C and RH65%.
Thereafter, the sample was opened on a 12-mesh sieve, the weight A (g) remaining on the sieve and the weight passing through the sieve were measured B (g), and finally the consolidation rate was calculated from the following formula.
Consolidation rate (%) = A / (A + B) × 100
Evaluation ◯: The consolidation rate was less than 10%.
X: The consolidation rate was 10% or more.
[0036]
・ Evaluation of solubility in water: In a 5 ℃ environment, add 5kg of water to the drum so that 20kg of curing agent and 200 liters of curing agent solution are added, and a mixer (Powermix PM220B manufactured by Toshiba Corporation). ) And the time until the curing agent was completely dissolved was measured.
Evaluation ◯ ... Completely dissolved within 5 minutes.
X: It took 5 minutes or more to completely dissolve.
[0037]
-Uniaxial compressive strength of cured body: Evaluation of uniaxial compressive strength of the cured body was evaluated under the following conditions.
-Liquid A: adjusted by adding 120 liters of water to 80 liters of JIS No. 3 sodium silicate.
-Liquid B: A predetermined amount of the curing agent was measured and water was added so that the volume became 200 liters, and the curing agent was completely dissolved to obtain Liquid B.
[0038]
50 ml each of liquid A and liquid B prepared as described above were mixed at a temperature of 20 ° C., and this mixed liquid was poured into a cylindrical mold (diameter 5 cm × height 10 cm). The uniaxial compressive strength value on the 1st day of material age was measured.
[0039]
Evaluation ◯ ・ ・ ・ The uniaxial compressive strength value of the cured body adjusted to the instantaneous setting of gel time 7 seconds to 10 seconds was adjusted to 0.045N / mm 2 or more and the gel time of 1 minute 30 seconds to 2 minutes 30 seconds. The uniaxial compressive strength value of the cured body was 0.015 N / mm 2 .
× ・ ・ ・ Hardened body with a uniaxial compressive strength adjusted to an instantaneous setting of 7 to 10 seconds with a gel time of less than 0.045 N / mm 2 or 1 to 30 seconds to 2 to 30 seconds. The uniaxial compressive strength value was less than 0.015 N / mm 2 .
[0040]
Comprehensive evaluation ◯: Evaluation of uniaxial compressive strength, caking property, and solubility of the curing agent was all ◯.
X: At least one of the evaluation items was x.
[0041]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004601140
[0042]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004601140
[0043]
Experiments 1 to 5 show the influence of the weight ratio of sodium bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonate on the performance of the chemical solution in the curing agent composition and the influence of the curing agent on the caking property and solubility in water. When the amount ratio of sodium bicarbonate in the curing agent composition is greater than the specified range of the present invention (Experiment 1) or less (Experiment 5), the performance criteria described above regarding the uniaxial compressive strength of the formed cured product Neither satisfied the objective of the present invention.
[0044]
Experiment 6 shows the influence on the performance of the chemical solution when the c component is not included in the curing agent, and the influence on the caking property of the curing agent and the solubility in water. In this case, regarding the uniaxial compressive strength of the formed cured product, the caking property of the curing agent, and the solubility in water, the performance criteria were not satisfied and the object of the present invention could not be achieved.
[0045]
Experiments 7 to 11 show the influence of the total amount of bicarbonate in the curing agent composition and the mass ratio of the c component on the performance of the chemical solution, and the influence of the curing agent on the caking property and water solubility. When the amount ratio of component c is less than the specified range of the present invention (Experiment 7), the uniaxial compressive strength of the formed cured product and the caking property of the curing agent and the solubility in water are more than the specified range. In (Experiment 11), each of the above-mentioned performance standards was not satisfied with respect to the caking property of the curing agent, and none of the objectives of the present invention could be achieved.
[0046]
Experiments 12 to 16 show the influence of the total amount of bicarbonate in the curing agent composition and the mass ratio of the B component component on the performance of the chemical solution and the influence of the curing agent on the caking property and water solubility. When the component B is less than the specified range of the present invention (Experiment 12) or more (Experiment 16), the above performance criteria regarding the caking property of the curing agent are not satisfied, and any of the above can achieve the object of the present invention. I could not do it.
[0047]
Experiments 17 to 20 show the influence on the performance of the chemical solution and the influence on the caking property of the curing agent and the solubility in water when carbonates other than the present invention are used as comparative examples. When carbonates other than the present invention were used, none of the evaluation criteria of the present invention was satisfied, and the object of the present invention could not be achieved.
[0048]
On the other hand, when the conditions of the present invention were satisfied (Experiments 2-4, 8-10, 13-15), the uniaxial compressive strength after 1 day formed when the gel time was adjusted to 7 to 9 seconds The value is 0.045 N / mm 2 or more, and the uniaxial compressive strength value after 1 day when the gel time is adjusted from 1 minute 30 seconds to 2 minutes 30 seconds is 0.015 N / mm 2 or more, 1 t / m Even if the curing agent is stored for 1 year under the pressure of 2 , it is completely solidified. Under a 5 ° C environment, 20kg of the curing agent is weighed out, and 5 ° C water is added so that the capacity becomes 200 liters. The time for complete dissolution was within 5 minutes, both satisfying the performance criteria of the chemical solution and the curing agent, and the object of the present invention could be achieved.
[0049]
【The invention's effect】
According to the curing agent of the silicate-based soil stabilization chemical solution of the present invention, performance that cannot be obtained by a combination of conventional curing agent compositions, that is, hard to cause consolidation even after long-term storage, and solubility in water The strength of the cured body to be formed is good and the ground can be stabilized more securely and securely.

Claims (1)

珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液に用いる重炭酸塩系硬化剤であって、該重炭酸塩系硬化剤が、a成分:重炭酸ナトリウム、b成分:重炭酸カリウム、c成分:形態が粉末状のナフタレンスルホン酸系化合物、リグニンスルホン酸系化合物、オキシポリカルボン酸系化合物及びメラミンスルホン酸系化合物よりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも一種並びにd成分:炭酸アルカリ金属塩からなり、その硬化剤各成分の割合がa成分とb成分の量比が85:15〜15:85、c成分がa成分とb成分の合計量100質量部あたり0.02〜3質量部、かつd成分がa成分とb成分の合計量100質量部あたり0.02〜10質量部の範囲であることを特徴とする珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液における重炭酸塩系硬化剤。A bicarbonate-based curing agent used in a silicate-based soil stabilization chemical solution, wherein the bicarbonate-based curing agent is a component: sodium bicarbonate, b component: potassium bicarbonate, c component: powder form At least one selected from the group consisting of a naphthalene sulfonic acid compound, a lignin sulfonic acid compound, an oxypolycarboxylic acid compound and a melamine sulfonic acid compound and d component: an alkali metal carbonate, The ratio of component a and component b is 85:15 to 15:85, component c is 0.02 to 3 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of component a and component b, and component d is component a and component b. A bicarbonate-based curing agent in a silicate-based soil stabilization chemical solution, which is in the range of 0.02 to 10 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the total amount.
JP2000278366A 2000-09-13 2000-09-13 Bicarbonate hardener for silicate soil stabilization chemicals Expired - Lifetime JP4601140B2 (en)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS51117405A (en) * 1975-04-09 1976-10-15 Nitto Chemical Industry Co Ltd Method of stabilizing soil
JPS5945386A (en) * 1982-09-09 1984-03-14 Osaka Soda Co Ltd Improvement of ground
JPH08239255A (en) * 1995-03-02 1996-09-17 Nippon Zeon Co Ltd Bleeding reducer for cement-based grouting material

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS51117405A (en) * 1975-04-09 1976-10-15 Nitto Chemical Industry Co Ltd Method of stabilizing soil
JPS5945386A (en) * 1982-09-09 1984-03-14 Osaka Soda Co Ltd Improvement of ground
JPH08239255A (en) * 1995-03-02 1996-09-17 Nippon Zeon Co Ltd Bleeding reducer for cement-based grouting material

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