JP4593032B2 - Wet friction member - Google Patents

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Publication number
JP4593032B2
JP4593032B2 JP2001243548A JP2001243548A JP4593032B2 JP 4593032 B2 JP4593032 B2 JP 4593032B2 JP 2001243548 A JP2001243548 A JP 2001243548A JP 2001243548 A JP2001243548 A JP 2001243548A JP 4593032 B2 JP4593032 B2 JP 4593032B2
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Prior art keywords
narrow
friction member
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wet friction
gathering
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JP2003056614A (en
Inventor
満 渡辺
英雄 小野
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Aisin Chemical Co Ltd
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Aisin Chemical Co Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D13/00Friction clutches
    • F16D13/58Details
    • F16D13/60Clutching elements
    • F16D13/64Clutch-plates; Clutch-lamellae
    • F16D13/648Clutch-plates; Clutch-lamellae for clutches with multiple lamellae
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D69/00Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
    • F16D2069/004Profiled friction surfaces, e.g. grooves, dimples

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
  • Mechanical Operated Clutches (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Clutches, Magnetic Clutches, Fluid Clutches, And Fluid Joints (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は湿式摩擦部材に関し、詳しくは表面に溝あるいは間隙を有する湿式摩擦部材に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
湿式摩擦部材は自動車のクラッチディスク等に多く用いられる。この場合湿式摩擦部材は、一般にリング状の形状を持つ金属製のコアプレートと、このコアプレート上にリング状に貼付された摩擦材とからなる。この湿式摩擦部材が潤滑油を介して相手材に圧接され、摩擦材が貼付された湿式摩擦部材表面が摩擦面として相手材と係合することによって駆動側から従動側へ駆動力が伝達され、また摩擦面と相手材とが開放されることによって駆動力が遮断される。
【0003】
このようなクラッチディスクに用いられる湿式摩擦部材は潤滑油中で使用される。この潤滑油は湿式摩擦部材と相手材との間に介在することにより回転トルクを伝達するとともに湿式摩擦材を冷却し、摩擦材の耐久性を保つ効果を持つ。
【0004】
しかし潤滑油は粘性を持ち、摩擦部材と相手材との間に油膜を形成する。このため作動を解除してもこの油膜によって摩擦部材と相手材とが開放され難くなることがある。この場合、トルクの損失が起こるいわゆる引き摺りトルクが発生する。自動変速機を搭載した自動車においては特に湿式摩擦部材に起因する引き摺りトルクが大きく、この引き摺りトルクが増大するとクラッチの切れ不良の一因となることが知られている。
【0005】
また、この引き摺りトルクは燃費の向上を妨げる一因ともなっている。近年環境問題に対応するために自動車の燃費の向上が求められており、引き摺りトルクを軽減することは燃費の向上をはかる上でも重要な課題となっている。
【0006】
引き摺りトルクを軽減するために、従来から様々な手段が考案されている。例えば、湿式摩擦材の摩擦部材にウェーブ加工を施して相手材との接触面積を低減する方法や、摩擦材表面に種々の溝あるいは間隙を形成して潤滑油を排出させる方法は広く用いられている。
【0007】
ウェーブ加工を施された湿式摩擦部材は、一般的には、コアプレートを容易に弾性変形する鋼板で形成し、周方向に波状の凹凸を付けたのち、このコアプレートに摩擦材を貼付することで得られる。ウェーブ加工を施された湿式摩擦部材をクラッチディスクとして用いる場合、湿式摩擦部材は相手材に圧接されると弾性的に変形され平板な状態となり、圧接が解除されると弾性により元の波状に復元する。このため、復元時には迅速に相手材から開放され、引き摺りトルクを軽減することができる。
【0008】
溝あるいは間隙が形成された湿式摩擦部材は、コアプレートに摩擦材の小片(セグメント)を複数枚貼り付けて、隣接するセグメント間に間隙を形成する方法や、リング状の摩擦材をプレス成形してその表面に溝を形成する方法や、リング状に成形された摩擦材の表面を切削加工して溝を形成する方法などによって得られる。溝あるいは間隙が形成された湿式摩擦部材をクラッチディスクとして用いる場合、湿式摩擦部材は軸心を中心として回転するため、溝あるいは間隙を流れる潤滑油は、遠心力によってリング状の湿式摩擦部材の内周側から外周側に排出されるため、湿式摩擦部材と相手材との間の油膜が減少して引き摺りトルクが軽減される。
【0009】
このような湿式摩擦部材に形成される溝あるいは間隙の形状については、従来種々の考案がなされており、例えば特開平11−141570号公報には種々の形状の溝を持つ湿式摩擦部材が開示されている。
【0010】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は上記事情を考慮してなされたもので、表面に溝あるいは間隙が形成された湿式摩擦部材であり、引き摺りトルクが従来より大幅に軽減される湿式摩擦部材を得ることを目的とする。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
前記課題を解決する本発明の湿式摩擦部材は、コアプレートと該コアプレートの少なくとも一方の面に形成されたリング状の摩擦材とを有する湿式摩擦部材であって、前記摩擦材は、周方向の巾が狭い狭巾部が溝あるいは間隙を隔てて複数個周方向に配列した狭巾集合部と、該狭巾部より周方向の巾が広くかつ該狭巾集合部と該溝あるいは該間隙を隔てて周方向に配置された広巾部とから構成され、該狭巾集合部および該広巾部の個数は各々3または5個であり、該狭巾集合部および該広巾部は交互に均等に配置され、該溝あるいは該間隙は、一定巾であることを特徴とする。
【0012】
この湿式摩擦部材を構成する狭巾集合部は、溝あるいは間隙が狭い間隔で形成され、主にこの狭巾集合部において潤滑油の排出が行われる。
【0013】
また、狭巾集合部の総面積は、広巾部の総面積の等倍〜3倍であることが好ましい。
【0014】
また、この湿式摩擦部材に形成される溝あるいは間隙は、放射状に延びかつ溝あるいは間隙の巾は1mm〜3mmであることが好ましい。
【0015】
さらに、狭巾集合部における溝あるいは間隙の総面積は、狭巾集合部における狭巾部の総面積以下であることが好ましい
【0016】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明にかかる湿式摩擦部材は、コアプレートと該コアプレートの少なくとも一方の面に形成されたリング状の摩擦材とを有する。
【0017】
摩擦材は通常用いられる摩擦材から選択して用いることができる。例えば、ペーパーフェーシングのほか、レジンモールド、軟質ウーブン、特殊ウーブン、セミメタリック、セラミック等の摩擦材を用いることができる。このうち、ペーパーフェーシングは、耐久性に優れ軽量であり、また安価に製造できることから、より好ましく用いることができる。
【0018】
摩擦材は1枚のリング状に成形され、あるいは複数のセグメント摩擦材がリング状に配置されてコアプレートに貼付される。摩擦材はコアプレートの両面に貼付することもできるし、片面にのみ貼付することもできる。摩擦材をコアプレートの両面に貼付する場合、コアプレートを挟んで両面に位置する各摩擦材の溝あるいは間隙の位置は、一致させてもよいし一致させなくてもよい。また、貼付は通常行われている方法で行うことができる。
【0019】
本発明において摩擦材は、周方向の巾が狭い狭巾部が溝あるいは間隙を隔てて複数個周方向に配列した狭巾集合部と、狭巾部より周方向の巾が広くかつ狭巾集合部と溝あるいは間隙を隔てて周方向に配置された広巾部とから構成されている。
【0020】
一般に湿式摩擦部材において、溝あるいは間隙が数多く形成されるほど潤滑油の流路となる面積が大きくなり、潤滑油の排出が良好に行われる。このため摩擦面の油膜が低減し、摩擦部材と相手材との係合が開放され易くなり、引き摺りトルクが低減される。しかしその反面、溝あるいは間隙が数多く形成されるほど摩擦面の面積が減少するために、十分な摩擦材の耐荷重性や耐熱性が得られなくなる。
【0021】
本発明の湿式摩擦部材において摩擦材は、狭巾集合部と広巾部とから構成される。この構成により本発明の湿式摩擦部材では、溝あるいは間隙が狭い間隔で形成された狭巾集合部において潤滑油の排出が良好に行われる。このため狭巾集合部では油膜が低減し、摩擦部材と相手材との係合が開放され易くなる。その結果、湿式摩擦部材全体としては溝あるいは間隙の数を増やすことなく引き摺りトルクが軽減される。
【0022】
ここで狭巾集合体の溝あるいは間隙の巾および数は、個々の湿式摩擦部材製品毎に最適な数に設定でき、狭巾部の巾は狭巾集合部の面積と溝あるいは間隙の数とによって決定される。溝あるいは間隙の深さは摩擦材の厚さに応じて最適な深さに設定されるが、0.1mm以上あるいは摩擦材の厚さの30%以上であることが好ましい。
【0023】
広巾部の巾は、狭巾集合部および広巾部の配置される個数と狭巾集合部の巾とによって決定される。
【0024】
本発明の湿式摩擦部材において、狭巾集合部および広巾部は各々3個以上で、狭巾集合部および広巾部は交互に均等に配置されている。狭巾集合部および広巾部が交互に均等に配置されることで、油膜が形成される面と油膜が低減する面とがバランス良く配置されることになり、摩擦部材と相手材との係合が開放され易くなるため引き摺りトルクが低減される。また、各々3個未満の配置では広巾部の面積が大きくなるため、狭巾集合部と広巾部との配置のバランスが悪くなって引き摺りトルクが増大する。さらに狭巾集合部および広巾部は各々3個以上であればよいが、3〜5個の範囲でよりバランスよく配置されるため、各々3〜5個の範囲で配置されることがより好ましい。
【0025】
本発明の湿式摩擦部材において、狭巾集合部の総面積は広巾部の総面積の等倍〜3倍であるのが好ましい。狭巾集合部の総面積が広巾部の総面積に満たないと広巾部の面積が大きくなるため広巾部での油膜が増大し、その結果引き摺りトルクが増大する。また3倍を超えると、狭巾集合部における溝あるいは間隙の間隔が広くなり、狭巾集合部の効果が少なくなって引き摺りトルクが増大する。
【0026】
本発明の湿式摩擦部材において、溝あるいは間隙は放射状に延び、かつ溝あるいは間隙の巾は1mm〜3mmであるのが好ましい。溝あるいは間隙が放射状に延びることで、この溝あるいは間隙の方向が湿式摩擦部材が回転する際に生じる遠心力の方向と一致することになり、このため潤滑油の排出が良好に行われる。また、溝あるいは間隙の巾が1mm未満であると潤滑油の流路としての十分な巾が得られず、潤滑油の排出が良好に行われ難い。また、3mmを超えると狭巾部の巾が狭くなり狭巾部の面積が小さくなることから、摩擦材の耐熱性や摩擦耐性を保つことが難しくなる。
【0027】
本発明の湿式摩擦部材において、狭巾集合部における溝あるいは間隙の総面積は、狭巾集合部における狭巾部の総面積以下であるのが好ましい。狭巾集合部における溝あるいは間隙の総面積が狭巾集合部における狭巾部の総面積を超えると、狭巾部の面積が小さくなり、摩擦材の耐熱性や摩擦耐性を保つことが難しくなる。
【0028】
また本発明の湿式摩擦部材は、ウェーブ加工を施したコアプレートと摩擦材とからなる湿式摩擦材部材にこの様な溝あるいは間隙を形成して構成することもできる。この場合、ウェーブ加工によっても引き摺りトルクが低減されるため、より好ましく用いることができる。
【0029】
【実施例】
以下、実施例および比較例により本発明を具体的に説明する。
【0030】
(実施例1)
本発明の実施例1の湿式摩擦部材の形状を図1に示す。本実施例1の湿式摩擦部材は、コアプレート1と、このコアプレート1の両面に貼付された、溝2がプレス加工によって形成されたリング状の摩擦材3とからなる。
【0031】
コアプレート1は厚さ1.0mmのスチール製のものを用いた。また、摩擦材3は外径153mm,内径138mm,片側厚さ0.40mmのリング状のペーパーフェーシングを用いた。このペーパーフェーシングは、パルプ、合成繊維および摩擦調整剤を湿式抄造した基材にフェノール樹脂等の熱硬化性バインダーを含浸し成型したものであり、多孔質で弾力に優れ油中で摩擦に使用することに適する。
【0032】
この摩擦材3上にプレス加工によって形成された溝2は、巾2mm,深さ0.15mmであり、リング状の摩擦材3の内周側から外周側に放射方向に向かって延びるように形成されている。
【0033】
また溝2は、リング状の摩擦材3の内周となる円および外周となる円の中心をその中心とし、1本の溝2を基準として放射状に6°間隔で8本配置され、次いで30°間隔で1本配置され、さらに6°間隔で8本、30°間隔で1本と交互に配置されたことによって、360°のリング状の摩擦材3の摩擦面全面に放射状に配置されている。
【0034】
ここでこの溝2が配置された角度とは、リング状の摩擦材3の外周となる円および内周となる円の中心をその中心として、1本の溝2の巾方向の中心線から隣接する溝2の巾方向の中心線までの角度をいうものである。
【0035】
また、摩擦材3上に6°間隔で配置された2本の溝2によって区画された部分を狭巾部4と呼ぶ。そして、溝2によって区画された7個の狭巾部4とそれを区画する6本の溝1とによって構成される部分を狭巾集合部5とする。さらに、狭巾集合部4に隣接し、30°間隔で配置された2本の溝2によって区画された部分を広巾部6とする。これら狭巾部4、狭巾集合部5および広巾部6は、本発明の狭巾部、狭巾集合部および広巾部に相当する。
【0036】
この構成により、狭巾集合部5と広巾部6とは交互にそれぞれ5個づつ形成されている。また、溝2は全部で40本形成されている。以上の方法で実施例1の湿式摩擦部材が得られた。
【0037】
(実施例2)
本発明の実施例2の湿式摩擦部材の形状を図2に示す。本実施例2の湿式摩擦部材は、実施例1と同じコアプレート7と、このコアプレート7の両面にリング状に貼付された、2種類の摩擦材のセグメントである狭巾セグメントおよび広巾セグメントとからなる。本実施例2の湿式摩擦部材では、隣り合う2個のセグメントの間に間隙8が形成されている。
【0038】
また、この間隙8は、2種類のセグメントをコアプレート7に貼付することによって、実施例1における溝2と同じ配置となるように形成されている。
【0039】
摩擦材のセグメントは実施例1と同じ帯状のペーパーフェーシングより扇面状に打ち抜かれて成形された。ここで狭巾セグメントをセグメント9とし、広巾セグメントをセグメント10とする。セグメント9およびセグメント10の厚さは0.4mmである。セグメント9およびセグメント10の形状は、これらのセグメントをコアプレート7にリング状に貼付した場合に、本実施例2の湿式摩擦部材が実施例1の湿式摩擦部材と同じ狭巾部、広巾部および溝の配置を持つような形状に成形されている。
【0040】
また、間隙8は、巾2mm,深さ0.4mmである。
【0041】
本実施例2において、コアプレート7上に貼付された1個のセグメント9を狭巾部11と呼ぶ。そして、7個の狭巾部11とそれを区画する6本の間隙8とによって構成される部分を狭巾集合部12とする。さらに、狭巾集合部12に間隙8を隔てて貼付された1個のセグメント10を広巾部13とする。これら狭巾部11、狭巾集合部12および広巾部13は本発明の狭巾部、狭巾集合部及び広巾部に相当する。
【0042】
この構成により、狭巾集合部12と広巾部13とは交互にそれぞれ5個づつ形成されている。また、間隙8は全部で40本形成されている。以上の方法で実施例2の湿式摩擦部材が得られた。
【0043】
(実施例3)
本発明の実施例3の湿式摩擦部材の形状を図3に示す。本実施例3の湿式摩擦部材は、実施例1と同じコアプレート14と、このコアプレート14の両面に貼付された、溝15がプレス加工によって形成されたリング状の摩擦材16とからなる。本実施例3の湿式摩擦部材は、溝15の配置以外は実施例1と同様に形成された。
【0044】
本実施例3において溝15は、摩擦材16の内周となる円および外周となる円の中心をその中心とし、1本の溝15を基準として放射状に6°間隔で13本配置され、次いで48°間隔で1本配置され、さらに6°間隔で13本、48°間隔で1本と交互に配置されたことによって、360°のリング状の摩擦材16の摩擦面全面に放射状に配置されている。また、溝15は全部で39本形成されている。
【0045】
また、摩擦材16上に6°間隔で配置された2本の溝15によって区画された部分を狭巾部17と呼ぶ。そして、溝15によって区画された11個の狭巾部17とそれを区画する10本の溝15とによって構成される部分を狭巾集合部18とする。さらに、狭巾集合部18に隣接した48°間隔で配置された2本の溝14によって区画された部分を広巾部19とする。これら狭巾部17、狭巾集合部18および広巾部19は本発明の狭巾部、狭巾集合部および広巾部に相当する。
【0046】
この構成により、狭巾集合部17と広巾部18とは交互にそれぞれ3個づつ形成されている。また、溝15は全部で39本形成されている。以上の方法で実施例3の湿式摩擦部材が得られた。
【0047】
(比較例1)
本発明の比較例1の湿式摩擦部材の形状を図4に示す。本比較例1の湿式摩擦部材は、コアプレート20と、このコアプレート20の両面に貼付された、溝21がプレス加工によって形成されたリング状の摩擦材22とからなる。本比較例1の湿式摩擦部材は、溝21の配置以外は実施例1と同様に形成された。
【0048】
本比較例1において溝21は、リング状の摩擦材22の内周となる円および外周となる円の中心をその中心とし、1本の溝21を基準として放射状に9°間隔で40本配置されたことによって、360°のリング状の摩擦材22の摩擦面全面に放射状に配置されている。以上の方法で比較例1の湿式摩擦部材が得られた。
【0049】
(比較例2)
本発明の比較例2の湿式摩擦部材の形状を図5に示す。本比較例2の湿式摩擦部材は、コアプレート23と、このコアプレートの両面に貼付された、摩擦材のセグメントであるセグメント24とからなる。本比較例2の湿式摩擦部材では、隣り合う2個のセグメント24の間に間隙25が形成される。また、本比較例2の湿式摩擦部材は、間隙25の配置およびセグメント24の形状以外は実施例2と同様に形成された。
【0050】
セグメント24の形状は、セグメント24をコアプレート23にリング状に貼付した場合に、本比較例2の湿式摩擦部材が比較例1の湿式摩擦部材と同じ狭巾部、広巾部および溝の配置を持つような形状に成形されている。本比較例2において間隙24は、全部で40本形成されている。以上の方法で比較例2の湿式摩擦部材が得られた。
【0051】
(引き摺りトルク試験)
上記実施例1〜3および比較例1〜2の湿式摩擦部材について引き摺りトルク試験を行った。
【0052】
引き摺りトルク測定機としてSAE#2試験機を用い、この試験機に同一の4枚の湿式摩擦部材と5枚のクラッチプレートとを交互に装着して、湿式摩擦部材を回転させた状態での引き摺りトルクを計測した。
【0053】
湿式摩擦部材の回転数は1000rpmに設定した。また、隣り合うクラッチプレートの間隔から湿式摩擦部材の厚さをひいた差すなわちパッククリアランスが1つの湿式摩擦部材あたりで平均1.6mmとなるように設定した。潤滑油はATF(オートマチックトランスミッションフルード)を用い、潤滑油量600cc/分,油温40℃の条件で試験を行った。以上の試験方法にて行った引き摺りトルク試験の結果を表1に示す。
【0054】
【表1】

Figure 0004593032
【0055】
実施例1の湿式摩擦部材と比較例1の湿式摩擦部材とは溝の形状や数が等しいにもかかわらず、明らかに実施例1の湿式摩擦部材の方が引き摺りトルクが小さい。これは、実施例1の湿式摩擦部材が狭巾集合部と広巾部とを有する構成であり、狭巾集合部において潤滑油の排出が良好に行われたため、均等な間隔で溝が形成されている比較例1の湿式摩擦部材と比較して引き摺りトルクが軽減したものと考えられる。
【0056】
また、同様に実施例2の湿式摩擦部材と比較例2の湿式摩擦部材とは、間隙の形状や数が等しいにもかかわらず、明らかに実施例2の湿式摩擦部材の方が引き摺りトルクが小さい。これもまた上記実施例1と同じ理由によって実施例2の引き摺りトルクが軽減したものと考えられる。
【0057】
さらに、実施例3の湿式摩擦部材は、比較例1の湿式摩擦部材と溝の形状が等しく、溝の本数が少ないにもかかわらず、明らかに比較例1の湿式摩擦部材と比較して引き摺りトルクが小さい。これもまた、上記実施例1と同じ理由によって実施例3の引き摺りトルクが低減したものと考えられる。
【0058】
【発明の効果】
従って本発明の湿式摩擦部材によれば、摩擦材が狭巾集合部と広巾部とから構成されることによって潤滑油の排出が良好に行われて、引き摺りトルクを軽減させることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】実施例1の湿式摩擦部材の形状を表す図である。
【図2】実施例2の湿式摩擦部材の形状を表す図である。
【図3】実施例3の湿式摩擦部材の形状を表す図である。
【図4】比較例1の湿式摩擦部材の形状を表す図である。
【図5】比較例2の湿式摩擦部材の形状を表す図である。
【符号の説明】
1:コアプレート 2:溝 3:摩擦材 4:狭巾部
5:狭巾集合部 6:広巾部[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a wet friction member, and more particularly to a wet friction member having grooves or gaps on the surface.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Wet friction members are often used for automobile clutch disks and the like. In this case, the wet friction member generally comprises a metal core plate having a ring shape and a friction material attached in a ring shape on the core plate. The wet friction member is pressed against the mating material via the lubricating oil, and the driving force is transmitted from the driving side to the driven side by engaging the mating material with the wet friction member surface to which the friction material is applied as a friction surface, Further, the driving force is interrupted by opening the friction surface and the counterpart material.
[0003]
The wet friction member used for such a clutch disk is used in lubricating oil. This lubricating oil is interposed between the wet friction member and the counterpart material, thereby transmitting rotational torque and cooling the wet friction material, and has the effect of maintaining the durability of the friction material.
[0004]
However, the lubricating oil is viscous and forms an oil film between the friction member and the counterpart material. For this reason, even if the operation is canceled, the oil film may make it difficult to release the friction member and the counterpart material. In this case, so-called drag torque that causes torque loss occurs. In an automobile equipped with an automatic transmission, it is known that drag torque caused by a wet friction member is particularly large, and when this drag torque increases, it causes a clutch disconnection failure.
[0005]
Further, this drag torque is one factor that hinders improvement in fuel consumption. In recent years, improvement in fuel efficiency of automobiles has been demanded in order to cope with environmental problems, and reducing drag torque has become an important issue in improving fuel efficiency.
[0006]
Conventionally, various means have been devised to reduce drag torque. For example, the method of reducing the contact area with the mating material by applying wave processing to the friction member of the wet friction material, and the method of discharging the lubricating oil by forming various grooves or gaps on the friction material surface are widely used. Yes.
[0007]
Wave-processed wet friction members are generally formed of a steel plate that easily elastically deforms the core plate, and after attaching wavy irregularities in the circumferential direction, affixing a friction material to the core plate It is obtained by. When a wet friction member that has been subjected to wave processing is used as a clutch disc, the wet friction member is elastically deformed and flattened when pressed against the mating member, and is restored to its original wave shape when elastically released. To do. For this reason, at the time of restoration, it is quickly released from the counterpart material, and drag torque can be reduced.
[0008]
Wet friction members with grooves or gaps can be made by attaching multiple pieces of friction material (segments) to the core plate and forming gaps between adjacent segments, or by pressing a ring-shaped friction material. It is obtained by a method of forming a groove on the surface thereof, a method of forming a groove by cutting the surface of a friction material formed in a ring shape, or the like. When a wet friction member in which a groove or a gap is formed is used as a clutch disk, the wet friction member rotates around its axis, so that the lubricating oil flowing in the groove or gap is not contained in the ring-shaped wet friction member by centrifugal force. Since the oil is discharged from the peripheral side to the outer peripheral side, the oil film between the wet friction member and the counterpart material is reduced, and drag torque is reduced.
[0009]
Various shapes of grooves or gaps formed in such a wet friction member have been conventionally devised. For example, JP-A-11-141570 discloses a wet friction member having grooves of various shapes. ing.
[0010]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a wet friction member having a groove or a gap formed on the surface thereof, and a wet friction member in which drag torque is significantly reduced as compared with the conventional one.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The wet friction member of the present invention that solves the above problem is a wet friction member having a core plate and a ring-shaped friction material formed on at least one surface of the core plate, and the friction material is formed in the circumferential direction. A narrow aggregate portion in which a plurality of narrow width portions are arranged in the circumferential direction with a groove or gap therebetween, and a width in the circumferential direction wider than the narrow width portion and the narrow width aggregate portion and the groove or the gap And the number of the narrow width gathering portions and the wide width portions is 3 or 5, respectively . The narrow width gathering portions and the wide width portions are alternately and evenly arranged. The groove or the gap has a constant width.
[0012]
The narrow gathering portion constituting this wet friction member is formed with a narrow gap or gap, and the lubricating oil is discharged mainly in this narrow gathering portion.
[0013]
Moreover, it is preferable that the total area of a narrow width | variety gathering part is 1 to 3 times the total area of a wide part.
[0014]
Moreover, it is preferable that the groove | channel or clearance gap formed in this wet friction member is extended radially, and the width | variety of a groove | channel or clearance gap is 1 mm-3 mm.
[0015]
Furthermore, it is preferable that the total area of the grooves or gaps in the narrow width gathering portion is not more than the total area of the narrow width portions in the narrow width gathering portion .
[0016]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The wet friction member according to the present invention includes a core plate and a ring-shaped friction material formed on at least one surface of the core plate.
[0017]
The friction material can be selected and used from commonly used friction materials. For example, in addition to paper facing, friction materials such as resin mold, soft woven, special woven, semi-metallic and ceramic can be used. Among these, paper facing is more preferably used because it is excellent in durability and light in weight and can be manufactured at low cost.
[0018]
The friction material is formed into a single ring shape, or a plurality of segment friction materials are arranged in a ring shape and attached to the core plate. The friction material can be affixed on both sides of the core plate, or can be affixed only on one side. When the friction material is affixed to both surfaces of the core plate, the positions of the grooves or gaps of the friction materials positioned on both surfaces of the core plate may or may not match. Moreover, sticking can be performed by the method currently performed normally.
[0019]
In the present invention, the friction material comprises a narrow width portion in which a plurality of narrow width portions having a narrow width in the circumferential direction are arranged in the circumferential direction with a groove or a gap, and a narrow width portion having a wider width in the circumferential direction than the narrow width portion. And a wide portion disposed in the circumferential direction with a groove or gap therebetween.
[0020]
In general, in wet friction members, the more grooves or gaps are formed, the larger the area of the lubricating oil flow path becomes, and the lubricating oil is discharged well. For this reason, the oil film on the friction surface is reduced, the engagement between the friction member and the counterpart material is easily released, and the drag torque is reduced. However, as the number of grooves or gaps increases, the area of the friction surface decreases, so that sufficient load resistance and heat resistance of the friction material cannot be obtained.
[0021]
In the wet friction member of the present invention, the friction material is composed of a narrow width gathering portion and a wide width portion. With this configuration, in the wet friction member of the present invention, the lubricating oil is satisfactorily discharged in a narrow gathering portion where grooves or gaps are formed at narrow intervals. For this reason, the oil film is reduced in the narrow gathering portion, and the engagement between the friction member and the counterpart material is easily released. As a result, the drag torque is reduced as the entire wet friction member without increasing the number of grooves or gaps.
[0022]
Here, the width and number of grooves or gaps of the narrow assembly can be set to an optimum number for each wet friction member product, and the width of the narrow section is determined by the area of the narrow assembly and the number of grooves or gaps. Determined by. The depth of the groove or gap is set to an optimum depth according to the thickness of the friction material, but is preferably 0.1 mm or more or 30% or more of the thickness of the friction material.
[0023]
The width of the wide width portion is determined by the number of the narrow width gathering portions and the number of the wide width portions arranged and the width of the narrow width gathering portion.
[0024]
In the wet friction member of the present invention, there are three or more narrow-width gathering portions and wide-width portions, and the narrow-width gathering portions and wide-width portions are alternately and evenly arranged. By arranging the narrow-width gathering portion and the wide-width portion alternately and evenly, the surface on which the oil film is formed and the surface on which the oil film is reduced are arranged in a well-balanced manner, and the friction member and the mating member are engaged. Since it becomes easy to open, drag torque is reduced. Moreover, since the area of a wide part becomes large by arrangement | positioning less than three each, the balance of arrangement | positioning with a narrow width | variety gathering part and a wide part will worsen and drag torque will increase. Further, it is sufficient that each of the narrow-width gathering portions and the wide-width portions is three or more. However, in order to arrange them in a more balanced manner in the range of 3 to 5, it is more preferable to arrange them in the range of 3 to 5 each.
[0025]
In the wet friction member of the present invention, it is preferable that the total area of the narrow-width gathering portion is equal to or three times the total area of the wide-width portion. If the total area of the narrow gathering portion is less than the total area of the wide width portion, the area of the wide width portion becomes large, so the oil film at the wide width portion increases, and as a result, drag torque increases. On the other hand, if it exceeds three times, the gaps or gaps in the narrow gathering portion are widened, the effect of the narrow gathering portion is reduced, and the drag torque is increased.
[0026]
In the wet friction member of the present invention, it is preferable that the grooves or gaps extend radially and the width of the grooves or gaps is 1 mm to 3 mm . By extending the grooves or gaps radially, the direction of the grooves or gaps coincides with the direction of centrifugal force generated when the wet friction member rotates, so that the lubricating oil is discharged well. Further, when the width of the groove or gap is less than 1 mm, a sufficient width as a lubricating oil flow path cannot be obtained, and the lubricating oil is hardly discharged well. On the other hand, if it exceeds 3 mm, the width of the narrow portion becomes narrow and the area of the narrow portion becomes small, so it becomes difficult to maintain the heat resistance and friction resistance of the friction material.
[0027]
In the wet friction member of the present invention, it is preferable that the total area of the grooves or gaps in the narrow width gathering portion is equal to or less than the total area of the narrow width portion in the narrow gathering portion . If the total area of the grooves or gaps in the narrow gathering part exceeds the total area of the narrow part in the narrow gathering part, the area of the narrow part becomes small, making it difficult to maintain the heat resistance and friction resistance of the friction material. .
[0028]
Further, the wet friction member of the present invention can also be configured by forming such a groove or gap in a wet friction material member comprising a wave-processed core plate and a friction material. In this case, the drag torque is also reduced by wave processing, so that it can be used more preferably.
[0029]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples.
[0030]
Example 1
The shape of the wet friction member of Example 1 of the present invention is shown in FIG. The wet friction member according to the first embodiment includes a core plate 1 and a ring-shaped friction material 3 in which grooves 2 are formed on both surfaces of the core plate 1 and grooves 2 are formed by pressing.
[0031]
The core plate 1 was made of steel having a thickness of 1.0 mm. The friction material 3 used was a ring-shaped paper facing having an outer diameter of 153 mm, an inner diameter of 138 mm, and a thickness of one side of 0.40 mm. This paper facing is formed by impregnating a base material made by wet-making pulp, synthetic fiber and friction modifier with a thermosetting binder such as phenol resin, and is porous and excellent in elasticity and used for friction in oil. Suitable for that.
[0032]
The groove 2 formed by pressing on the friction material 3 has a width of 2 mm and a depth of 0.15 mm, and is formed so as to extend in the radial direction from the inner periphery side to the outer periphery side of the ring-shaped friction material 3. Has been.
[0033]
Further, eight grooves 2 are arranged radially at intervals of 6 ° with the center of the circle as the inner periphery and the circle as the outer periphery of the ring-shaped friction material 3 as the center, and then 30 One is arranged at intervals of °, and further is arranged at intervals of 8 at 6 ° and one at intervals of 30 °, so that they are arranged radially on the entire friction surface of the ring-shaped friction material 3 of 360 °. Yes.
[0034]
Here, the angle at which the groove 2 is disposed is adjacent to the center line in the width direction of one groove 2 with the center of the circle as the outer periphery and the inner periphery of the ring-shaped friction material 3 as the center. This is the angle to the center line in the width direction of the groove 2 to be formed.
[0035]
A portion defined by the two grooves 2 arranged on the friction material 3 at intervals of 6 ° is referred to as a narrow width portion 4. A portion constituted by the seven narrow width portions 4 partitioned by the grooves 2 and the six grooves 1 partitioning the narrow width portions 4 is defined as a narrow width aggregate portion 5. Further, a portion that is adjacent to the narrow gathering portion 4 and is partitioned by the two grooves 2 arranged at intervals of 30 ° is referred to as a wide width portion 6. The narrow width portion 4, the narrow width collecting portion 5 and the wide width portion 6 correspond to the narrow width portion, the narrow width collecting portion and the wide width portion of the present invention.
[0036]
With this configuration, the narrow width gathering portions 5 and the wide width portions 6 are alternately formed by five each. In addition, 40 grooves 2 are formed in total. The wet friction member of Example 1 was obtained by the above method.
[0037]
(Example 2)
The shape of the wet friction member of Example 2 of the present invention is shown in FIG. The wet friction member of the second embodiment includes the same core plate 7 as that of the first embodiment, and a narrow-width segment and a wide-width segment, which are segments of two kinds of friction materials, attached to both surfaces of the core plate 7 in a ring shape. Consists of. In the wet friction member of Example 2, a gap 8 is formed between two adjacent segments.
[0038]
The gap 8 is formed so as to have the same arrangement as the groove 2 in the first embodiment by attaching two types of segments to the core plate 7.
[0039]
The segment of the friction material was punched into a fan shape from the same belt-like paper facing as in Example 1 and formed. Here, the narrow segment is referred to as segment 9 and the wide segment is referred to as segment 10. The thickness of the segment 9 and the segment 10 is 0.4 mm. The shapes of the segments 9 and 10 are such that when these segments are affixed to the core plate 7 in a ring shape, the wet friction member of the second embodiment is the same as the wet friction member of the first embodiment. It is molded into a shape with a groove arrangement.
[0040]
The gap 8 has a width of 2 mm and a depth of 0.4 mm.
[0041]
In the second embodiment, one segment 9 attached on the core plate 7 is referred to as a narrow portion 11. A portion constituted by the seven narrow portions 11 and the six gaps 8 partitioning the narrow portions 11 is referred to as a narrow width collecting portion 12. Further, a single segment 10 affixed to the narrow gathering portion 12 with a gap 8 therebetween is defined as a wide width portion 13. The narrow width portion 11, the narrow width gathering portion 12, and the wide width portion 13 correspond to the narrow width portion, the narrow width gathering portion, and the wide width portion of the present invention.
[0042]
With this configuration, five narrow width gathering portions 12 and five wide width portions 13 are alternately formed. In addition, 40 gaps 8 are formed in total. The wet friction member of Example 2 was obtained by the above method.
[0043]
(Example 3)
The shape of the wet friction member of Example 3 of the present invention is shown in FIG. The wet friction member of the third embodiment includes the same core plate 14 as that of the first embodiment, and a ring-shaped friction material 16 in which grooves 15 are formed by pressing on both surfaces of the core plate 14. The wet friction member of Example 3 was formed in the same manner as Example 1 except for the arrangement of the grooves 15.
[0044]
In the third embodiment, 13 grooves 15 are arranged radially at intervals of 6 ° with the center of the circle as the inner circumference and the circle as the outer circumference of the friction material 16 as the center, and then with one groove 15 as a reference. One is arranged at intervals of 48 °, and 13 are alternately arranged at intervals of 6 ° and one at intervals of 48 °, thereby being arranged radially on the entire friction surface of the ring-shaped friction material 16 of 360 °. ing. In addition, 39 grooves 15 are formed in total.
[0045]
A portion defined by the two grooves 15 disposed on the friction material 16 at intervals of 6 ° is referred to as a narrow width portion 17. A portion constituted by eleven narrow portions 17 partitioned by the grooves 15 and ten grooves 15 partitioning the narrow portions 17 is referred to as a narrow aggregate portion 18. Further, a portion defined by the two grooves 14 arranged at an interval of 48 ° adjacent to the narrow gathering portion 18 is referred to as a wide width portion 19. These narrow portion 17, narrow portion 18 and wide portion 19 correspond to the narrow portion, narrow portion and wide portion of the present invention.
[0046]
With this configuration, three narrow width gathering portions 17 and three wide width portions 18 are alternately formed. In addition, 39 grooves 15 are formed in total. The wet friction member of Example 3 was obtained by the above method.
[0047]
(Comparative Example 1)
The shape of the wet friction member of Comparative Example 1 of the present invention is shown in FIG. The wet friction member of Comparative Example 1 includes a core plate 20 and a ring-shaped friction material 22 in which grooves 21 are formed on both surfaces of the core plate 20 and grooves 21 are formed by pressing. The wet friction member of Comparative Example 1 was formed in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the arrangement of the grooves 21.
[0048]
In the first comparative example, 40 grooves 21 are arranged radially at intervals of 9 ° with the center of the circle as the inner periphery and the circle as the outer periphery of the ring-shaped friction material 22 as the center. As a result, the 360 ° ring-shaped friction material 22 is radially arranged on the entire friction surface. The wet friction member of Comparative Example 1 was obtained by the above method.
[0049]
(Comparative Example 2)
The shape of the wet friction member of Comparative Example 2 of the present invention is shown in FIG. The wet friction member of Comparative Example 2 includes a core plate 23 and a segment 24 which is a segment of a friction material attached to both surfaces of the core plate. In the wet friction member of Comparative Example 2, a gap 25 is formed between two adjacent segments 24. Further, the wet friction member of Comparative Example 2 was formed in the same manner as in Example 2 except for the arrangement of the gaps 25 and the shape of the segments 24.
[0050]
The shape of the segment 24 is such that when the segment 24 is affixed to the core plate 23 in a ring shape, the wet friction member of this comparative example 2 has the same narrow width portion, wide width portion and groove arrangement as the wet friction member of comparative example 1. It is shaped to hold. In Comparative Example 2, 40 gaps 24 are formed in total. The wet friction member of Comparative Example 2 was obtained by the above method.
[0051]
(Drag torque test)
A drag torque test was performed on the wet friction members of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
[0052]
Using a SAE # 2 testing machine as a drag torque measuring machine, the same four wet friction members and five clutch plates are alternately mounted on this test machine, and the wet friction member is rotated. Torque was measured.
[0053]
The rotational speed of the wet friction member was set to 1000 rpm. Also, the difference obtained by subtracting the thickness of the wet friction member from the interval between adjacent clutch plates, that is, the pack clearance was set to be 1.6 mm on average per wet friction member. As the lubricating oil, ATF (automatic transmission fluid) was used, and the test was performed under conditions of a lubricating oil amount of 600 cc / min and an oil temperature of 40 ° C. Table 1 shows the results of the drag torque test performed by the above test method.
[0054]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004593032
[0055]
Although the wet friction member of Example 1 and the wet friction member of Comparative Example 1 have the same shape and number of grooves, the wet friction member of Example 1 clearly has a smaller drag torque. This is a configuration in which the wet friction member of Example 1 has a narrow-width gathering portion and a wide-width portion, and since the lubricating oil was discharged well in the narrow-width gathering portion, grooves were formed at equal intervals. It is considered that the drag torque is reduced as compared with the wet friction member of Comparative Example 1.
[0056]
Similarly, although the wet friction member of Example 2 and the wet friction member of Comparative Example 2 have the same shape and number of gaps, the wet friction member of Example 2 clearly has a smaller drag torque. . This is also considered that the drag torque of Example 2 was reduced for the same reason as Example 1.
[0057]
Further, the wet friction member of Example 3 has the same groove shape as the wet friction member of Comparative Example 1 and the number of grooves is small, but the drag torque is clearly compared with that of the wet friction member of Comparative Example 1. Is small. This is also considered that the drag torque of Example 3 was reduced for the same reason as Example 1.
[0058]
【The invention's effect】
Therefore, according to the wet friction member of the present invention, the friction material is composed of the narrow-width gathering portion and the wide-width portion, so that the lubricating oil can be discharged well and the drag torque can be reduced.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the shape of a wet friction member of Example 1. FIG.
FIG. 2 is a view showing the shape of a wet friction member of Example 2.
3 is a view showing the shape of a wet friction member of Example 3. FIG.
4 is a view showing the shape of a wet friction member of Comparative Example 1. FIG.
5 is a view showing the shape of a wet friction member of Comparative Example 2. FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: Core plate 2: Groove 3: Friction material 4: Narrow width portion 5: Narrow width gathering portion 6: Wide width portion

Claims (4)

コアプレートと該コアプレートの少なくとも一方の面に形成されたリング状の摩擦材とを有する湿式摩擦部材であって、
前記摩擦材は、周方向の巾が狭い狭巾部が溝あるいは間隙を隔てて複数個周方向に配列した狭巾集合部と、該狭巾部より周方向の巾が広くかつ該狭巾集合部と該溝あるいは該間隙を隔てて周方向に配置された広巾部とから構成され、
該狭巾集合部および該広巾部の個数は各々3または5個であり
該狭巾集合部および該広巾部は交互に均等に配置され、
該溝あるいは該間隙は、一定巾であることを特徴とする湿式摩擦部材。
A wet friction member having a core plate and a ring-shaped friction material formed on at least one surface of the core plate,
The friction material has a narrow width portion in which a narrow width portion having a narrow width in the circumferential direction is arranged in the circumferential direction with a groove or a gap therebetween, and a narrow width portion having a wider width in the circumferential direction than the narrow width portion. And a wide portion disposed in the circumferential direction across the groove or the gap,
The number of the narrow gathering portions and the wide width portions is 3 or 5, respectively, and the narrow gathering portions and the wide width portions are alternately and evenly arranged,
The wet friction member, wherein the groove or the gap has a constant width.
前記狭巾集合部の総面積は、前記広巾部の総面積の等倍〜3倍である請求項1に記載の湿式摩擦部材。  The wet friction member according to claim 1, wherein a total area of the narrow gathering portion is equal to or three times as large as a total area of the wide width portion. 前記溝あるいは前記間隙は、放射状に延びかつ該溝あるいは該間隙の巾は1mm〜3mmである請求項1に記載の湿式摩擦部材。  2. The wet friction member according to claim 1, wherein the groove or the gap extends radially, and the width of the groove or the gap is 1 mm to 3 mm. 前記狭巾集合部における前記溝あるいは前記間隙の総面積は、該狭巾集合部における前記狭巾部の総面積以下である請求項1に記載の湿式摩擦部材。  2. The wet friction member according to claim 1, wherein a total area of the groove or the gap in the narrow width gathering portion is equal to or less than a total area of the narrow width portion in the narrow width gathering portion.
JP2001243548A 2001-08-10 2001-08-10 Wet friction member Expired - Fee Related JP4593032B2 (en)

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