JP4586028B2 - Multi-band antenna using parasitic elements - Google Patents
Multi-band antenna using parasitic elements Download PDFInfo
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- JP4586028B2 JP4586028B2 JP2006551918A JP2006551918A JP4586028B2 JP 4586028 B2 JP4586028 B2 JP 4586028B2 JP 2006551918 A JP2006551918 A JP 2006551918A JP 2006551918 A JP2006551918 A JP 2006551918A JP 4586028 B2 JP4586028 B2 JP 4586028B2
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q11/00—Electrically-long antennas having dimensions more than twice the shortest operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q11/02—Non-resonant antennas, e.g. travelling-wave antenna
- H01Q11/08—Helical antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/10—Resonant antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
- H01Q1/325—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle
- H01Q1/3275—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle mounted on a horizontal surface of the vehicle, e.g. on roof, hood, trunk
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/362—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith for broadside radiating helical antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/30—Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
- H01Q5/378—Combination of fed elements with parasitic elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
- H01Q5/378—Combination of fed elements with parasitic elements
- H01Q5/392—Combination of fed elements with parasitic elements the parasitic elements having dual-band or multi-band characteristics
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
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- Support Of Aerials (AREA)
- Details Of Aerials (AREA)
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Description
本発明は、アンテナに関し、特に、多帯域動作において帯域数を増やすために、主アンテナ素子に平行に延在し静電結合を提供する少なくとも１つの無給電素子を含む、多帯域アンテナに関する。 The present invention relates to an antenna, and more particularly to a multiband antenna including at least one parasitic element that extends parallel to a main antenna element and provides electrostatic coupling to increase the number of bands in multiband operation.
近年は自動車用途のための無線の使用が劇的に発展した年であった。これにより、デジタルラジオ放送（ＤＡＢ）や無線電話（ＧＳＭ）の周波数等の、異なる周波数で使用可能な従来の振幅変調／周波数変調（ＡＭ／ＦＭ）の車両用アンテナ（大抵マストアンテナ状のもの）に対する需要が高まった。ＤＡＢは、ＤＡＢ Ｂａｎｄ ＩＩＩ（〜２００ＭＨｚ）及びＤＡＢ Ｌ Ｂａｎｄ（〜１４５０ＭＨｚ）として知られる２つの周波数帯域から構成される。堅く巻回されたコイル状の「チョーク」を使用することにより、ＧＳＭやＤＡＢ Ｌ Ｂａｎｄ等の、より高い周波数での多帯域動作が可能となった。しかしながら、カバーすべき高周波数帯域及び低周波数帯域の中心周波数が約２．５：１よりも低い比率のときに確実に動作可能なアンテナ、例えば、ＦＭ（〜１００ＭＨｚ）とＤＡＢ Ｂａｎｄ ＩＩＩ（〜２００ＭＨｚ）の両方を確実にカバー可能なアンテナを製造すことが可能であるかは判明していない。好適実施例において説明したアンテナは、この制限を解決することを目的としている。 In recent years, the use of wireless for automotive applications has been a dramatic development. This enables conventional amplitude / frequency modulation (AM / FM) vehicle antennas (usually mast antennas) that can be used at different frequencies such as digital radio broadcast (DAB) and radio telephone (GSM) frequencies. The demand for has increased. DAB is composed of two frequency bands known as DAB Band III (˜200 MHz) and DAB L Band (˜1450 MHz). By using a tightly wound coiled “choke”, multi-band operation at higher frequencies, such as GSM and DAB L Band, has become possible. However, antennas that can operate reliably when the center frequencies of the high and low frequency bands to be covered are in a ratio lower than about 2.5: 1, such as FM (˜100 MHz) and DAB Band III (˜200 MHz). It is not known whether it is possible to manufacture an antenna that can reliably cover both. The antenna described in the preferred embodiment is intended to overcome this limitation.
本発明は、信号の送信及び／又は受信のための電気回路に接続可能な給電端を有する多帯域アンテナであって、該アンテナには、螺旋状の第１アンテナ素子と、第１アンテナ素子の長手方向の軸に平行に延在する直線状部を有する第２アンテナ素子とが含まれるものである。アンテナ素子間の相互作用は、第１アンテナ素子を単体で使用したときに生ずる帯域に追加される動作周波数帯域を提供する。 The present invention relates to a multiband antenna having a feeding end connectable to an electric circuit for signal transmission and / or reception, and the antenna includes a spiral first antenna element and a first antenna element. And a second antenna element having a linear portion extending parallel to the longitudinal axis. The interaction between the antenna elements provides an operating frequency band that is added to the band that occurs when the first antenna element is used alone.
第１の形態のアンテナでは、第２アンテナ素子には、第１アンテナ素子の同軸上で周囲に延在し、直線状部に直列に接続される螺旋状部が含まれていても良い。直線状部は、アンテナの給電端に最も近い螺旋状部の端部から離れる方向に、螺旋状部から延在しても良い。他の例としては、直線状部は、アンテナの給電端から最も離れた螺旋状部の端部から離れる方向に、螺旋状部から延在しても良い。螺旋状部は、好ましくは第１アンテナ素子の長手方向の中央部分を取り囲むものである。第２アンテナ素子は、好ましくは第１アンテナ素子の略すべての長さにわたって延在するものである。好ましくは、アンテナには、第１アンテナ素子及び第２アンテナ素子間の物理的なスペースを確保するために、アンテナ素子間に延在する絶縁手段が含まれる。 In the antenna of the first form, the second antenna element may include a spiral portion that extends around the same axis as the first antenna element and is connected in series to the linear portion. The linear part may extend from the spiral part in a direction away from the end of the spiral part closest to the feeding end of the antenna. As another example, the linear part may extend from the spiral part in a direction away from the end part of the spiral part farthest from the feeding end of the antenna. The spiral portion preferably surrounds the central portion in the longitudinal direction of the first antenna element. The second antenna element preferably extends over substantially the entire length of the first antenna element. Preferably, the antenna includes insulating means extending between the antenna elements to ensure a physical space between the first antenna element and the second antenna element.
第２の形態のアンテナでは、アンテナは、直線状の第３アンテナ素子も具備する。この形態では、第２アンテナ素子の直線状部は、第２アンテナ素子の全体を構成する。第２アンテナ素子及び第３アンテナ素子は、第１アンテナ素子の長手方向の軸に平行にそれぞれ延在する。第１、第２、第３アンテナ素子間の相互作用は、第１アンテナ素子を単体で使用したときに生ずる帯域にさらに追加される動作周波数帯域を提供する。第２アンテナ素子は、第３アンテナ素子から第１アンテナ素子の反対側で延在していれば良いが、好ましくは、第２アンテナ素子及び第３アンテナ素子は、第１アンテナ素子上でそれぞれ正反対の位置で延在する。 In the antenna of the second form, the antenna also includes a linear third antenna element. In this embodiment, the linear portion of the second antenna element constitutes the entire second antenna element. The second antenna element and the third antenna element respectively extend in parallel to the longitudinal axis of the first antenna element. The interaction between the first, second, and third antenna elements provides an operating frequency band that is further added to the band that occurs when the first antenna element is used alone. The second antenna element may extend from the third antenna element on the opposite side of the first antenna element. Preferably, the second antenna element and the third antenna element are opposite to each other on the first antenna element. It extends at the position.
第２の形態のアンテナには、第２アンテナ素子及び第３アンテナ素子から第１アンテナ素子上の長手方向外側又は長手方向内側のいずれかの位置で、第１アンテナ素子を取り囲む螺旋状の第４アンテナ素子が含まれていても良い。 The antenna of the second form includes a spiral fourth surrounding the first antenna element at a position on either the outer side in the longitudinal direction or the inner side in the longitudinal direction on the first antenna element from the second antenna element and the third antenna element. An antenna element may be included.
第２の形態のアンテナでは、第２アンテナ素子及び第３アンテナ素子は略同じ長さを有していても良い。アンテナには、第１アンテナ素子と他のアンテナ素子間の物理的なスペースを確保するために、第１アンテナ素子の外側に延在する絶縁手段が含まれても良い。 In the antenna of the second form, the second antenna element and the third antenna element may have substantially the same length. The antenna may include an insulating means extending outside the first antenna element in order to secure a physical space between the first antenna element and another antenna element.
第１の形態及び第２の形態のアンテナでは、アンテナには第１アンテナ素子が巻回される細長絶縁支持体が含まれても良い。絶縁手段を有するこれらのアンテナにおいて、絶縁手段には、絶縁支持体とこの絶縁支持体に巻回される第１アンテナ素子とを覆うように延在する絶縁シースが含まれても良い。細長絶縁支持体は、グラスファイバ製ロッドであれば良い。 In the antennas of the first and second embodiments, the antenna may include an elongated insulating support on which the first antenna element is wound. In these antennas having the insulating means, the insulating means may include an insulating sheath extending so as to cover the insulating support and the first antenna element wound around the insulating support. The elongated insulating support may be a glass fiber rod.
１つ以上のアンテナ素子が導線で形成されていても良く、この場合、１つ以上のアンテナ素子の導線は、絶縁被覆を有していても良い。絶縁被覆は、エナメルであれば良い。 One or more antenna elements may be formed by conducting wires, and in this case, the conducting wires of the one or more antenna elements may have an insulating coating. The insulating coating may be enamel.
１つ以上のアンテナ素子は、金属テープで形成されても良い。 One or more antenna elements may be formed of a metal tape.
アンテナには、アンテナの給電端と第１アンテナ素子の一端との間に延在し、可撓する金属スプリング部が含まれても良い。金属スプリング部は、スプリングの誘導性装荷作用を減少させるために、平行に延在する短絡線を有する螺旋状金属スプリングであっても良い。 The antenna may include a flexible metal spring portion that extends between the feeding end of the antenna and one end of the first antenna element. The metal spring portion may be a spiral metal spring having a shorting wire extending in parallel to reduce the inductive loading action of the spring.
アンテナには外側絶縁シースが含まれても良く、この場合、シースはアンテナの風騒音を軽減させるように構成されれば良い。 The antenna may include an outer insulating sheath. In this case, the sheath may be configured to reduce the wind noise of the antenna.
第１アンテナ素子及び１つ以上の他のアンテナ素子は、約１：２：３：４の比率の中心周波数をそれぞれ有する４つの共振周波数帯域が存在するように、相対的に位置決めされれば良い。 The first antenna element and the one or more other antenna elements may be relatively positioned such that there are four resonant frequency bands, each having a center frequency with a ratio of about 1: 2: 3: 4. .
アンテナは車両用マストアンテナであれば良い。このようなマストアンテナには、水平に対して約６０度の角度でアンテナが延在するように、マストアンテナを車両の屋根に固定するための手段が含まれても良い。 The antenna may be a vehicle mast antenna. Such a mast antenna may include means for securing the mast antenna to the roof of the vehicle such that the antenna extends at an angle of about 60 degrees with respect to the horizontal.
第１アンテナ素子と１つ以上の他のアンテナ素子間の物理的スペースは、少なくとも０．０２ｍｍであれば良い。 The physical space between the first antenna element and one or more other antenna elements may be at least 0.02 mm.
以下、本発明を実施するための最良の形態を、単なる一例により図示例と共に説明する。 The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below by way of example only with reference to the drawings.
以下の段落では、好適実施例に関する発明、すなわち、図９の車両の屋根に示されるような車両用マストアンテナに関する実施例について説明する。しかしながら、本発明のアンテナは、より広い応用例を有することや、添付の特許請求の範囲でカバーされる構造を有するあらゆるアンテナに及ぶことを意図している。 In the following paragraphs, an invention relating to a preferred embodiment, ie an embodiment relating to a vehicle mast antenna as shown in the vehicle roof of FIG. 9, will be described. However, the antenna of the present invention is intended to have a broader application and to cover any antenna having a structure covered by the appended claims.
現在のＡＭ／ＦＭマストアンテナ技術は、図１に示されるような複合構造を用いている。これは、増幅器の基台（電気回路を収容する）にねじ込む下部ジョイント２０と、柔軟性を提供し上部ジョイント２４を有する強化螺旋状スプリング（短絡線）２２とから構成される。グラスファイバ製ロッド２６は、ジョイント２４の頂部端に接続される。螺旋状部材２８は、ロッド２６の周囲に螺旋構造で巻回された金属テープで形成されている。他の例としては、螺旋状部材は、金属巻線を形成するようにロッド２６の周囲に巻回される導線で形成されても良い。金属巻線が自立するのに十分な厚さの導線を用いることも可能であり、この場合にはグラスファイバ製ロッド２６は不要となり得る。 The current AM / FM mast antenna technology uses a composite structure as shown in FIG. It consists of a lower joint 20 that is screwed into the amplifier base (accommodating the electrical circuit) and a reinforced helical spring 22 that provides flexibility and has an upper joint 24. The glass fiber rod 26 is connected to the top end of the joint 24. The spiral member 28 is formed of a metal tape wound around the rod 26 in a spiral structure. As another example, the helical member may be formed of a conductive wire wound around the rod 26 to form a metal winding. It is also possible to use a conductor that is thick enough for the metal winding to stand up, in which case the glass fiber rod 26 may be unnecessary.
ＦＭ用のマストの長さは、典型的には２０ｃｍ−８０ｃｍまでで可変可能である。８０ｃｍのマストは、モノポールアンテナ構造、すなわち、金属ロッド等の直線状の導電体を用いる。導電体が螺旋状に巻回された螺旋アンテナを用いれば、典型的には２０ｃｍ−５０ｃｍへ高さを短くすることができる。 The mast length for FM is typically variable from 20 cm to 80 cm. The 80 cm mast uses a monopole antenna structure, that is, a linear conductor such as a metal rod. If a spiral antenna in which a conductor is spirally wound is used, the height can be reduced to typically 20 cm to 50 cm.
マストの高さを短くするとＦＭ利得が減少してしまう。これは、マストアンテナの下部端に成形された基台内に典型的には収容される電気回路により増幅することで補償可能である。マストは、通常基台からねじを緩めて外すことが可能である。 If the height of the mast is shortened, the FM gain is reduced. This can be compensated by amplification by an electrical circuit typically housed in a base molded at the lower end of the mast antenna. The mast can usually be unscrewed from the base.
図２は、本発明のマストアンテナの第１の好適実施例を図示している。図２のアンテナが図１のものと異なる点は、螺旋状部材２８と平行に間隔があけられた関係で延在する導電性直線状部材（又は「無給電素子」）３０が付加されているところである。図２の実施例では、螺旋状部材２８はエナメルで被覆された導線で形成され、エナメル被覆は導線に対して誘電絶縁材を提供する。そして、導線か金属テープである直線状部材３０は、螺旋状部材２８のエナメル被覆線の表面に沿って配置される。次に、例えば収縮した後に直線状部材が所定の位置に保持されるような熱収縮性外被をこの構造の上に配置することで、外側絶縁カバー（図示せず）が形成される。 FIG. 2 illustrates a first preferred embodiment of the mast antenna of the present invention. The antenna of FIG. 2 differs from that of FIG. 1 in that a conductive linear member (or “parasitic element”) 30 is added that extends in a spaced relationship parallel to the helical member 28. By the way. In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the helical member 28 is formed of an enameled conductor that provides a dielectric insulation for the conductor. And the linear member 30 which is a conducting wire or a metal tape is arrange | positioned along the surface of the enamel covering wire | line of the helical member 28. FIG. Next, an outer insulating cover (not shown) is formed, for example, by placing a heat-shrinkable jacket over the structure so that the linear member is held in place after shrinking.
螺旋状部材２８を形成するために、金属テープを用いることも可能である。この場合、ロッド２６及びこれに巻回された金属テープの外表面の周囲に、ロッド上でテープの位置を固定するために、絶縁シース、例えば熱収縮性外被を配置することが求められ得る。そして、直線状部材３０（導線又は金属テープ）が絶縁シースの外表面上に配置され、直線状部材３０が２つの絶縁シースの間で挟まれる（「サンドイッチ」される）ことで所定の位置に効果的に保持される状態で、外側絶縁シースが付けられる。 It is also possible to use a metal tape to form the spiral member 28. In this case, it may be required to place an insulating sheath, for example a heat-shrinkable jacket, around the outer surface of the rod 26 and the metal tape wound around it in order to fix the position of the tape on the rod. . Then, the linear member 30 (conductive wire or metal tape) is disposed on the outer surface of the insulating sheath, and the linear member 30 is sandwiched (“sandwiched”) between the two insulating sheaths to be in a predetermined position. In an effectively held state, an outer insulating sheath is applied.
最適性能のために、螺旋状部材２８（主素子）と直線状部材３０（無給電素子）との間には直接的な電気的接続は無く、その代わり、これらは静電結合によってのみ相互作用している。図３は、図１の単一素子２８を有するアンテナに関連した２つの周波数帯域が、無給電素子、すなわち直線状部材３０を（図２に示すように）付加した後に４つの周波数帯域となったことを図示している。単一素子の従来のマストは、７０ＭＨｚ及び２１０ＭＨｚ付近の周波数帯域で共振している。周波数帯域７０ＭＨｚ（４０）における共振は、マストの「基本波」、すなわち一次モードとして知られており、周波数帯域２１０ＭＨｚ（４２）における共振は、三次モードである。このような従来のマストは、奇数モードにおける動作のみを提供する。無給電放射素子の導入は付加的なモードを発生し、従来のマストの一次及び三次モードに類似する周波数帯域５０ＭＨｚ（４４）及び１９０ＭＨｚ（４８）における動作を可能とするだけでなく、周波数帯域１２５ＭＨｚ（４６）及び２６０ＭＨｚ（５０）における動作をも可能としている。螺旋状部材２８及び直線状部材３０の長さは、所望の周波数帯域に合わせて調整される。 For optimal performance, there is no direct electrical connection between the helical member 28 (main element) and the linear member 30 (parasitic element), instead they interact only by electrostatic coupling. is doing. FIG. 3 shows that the two frequency bands associated with the antenna having the single element 28 of FIG. 1 become four frequency bands after adding parasitic elements, ie, linear members 30 (as shown in FIG. 2). This is illustrated. Conventional single element masts resonate in the frequency bands around 70 MHz and 210 MHz. The resonance in the frequency band 70 MHz (40) is known as the “fundamental wave” or primary mode of the mast, and the resonance in the frequency band 210 MHz (42) is the third mode. Such conventional masts only provide operation in odd mode. The introduction of parasitic radiating elements generates an additional mode, not only allowing operation in frequency bands 50 MHz (44) and 190 MHz (48) similar to the primary and tertiary modes of conventional masts, but also in a frequency band of 125 MHz. Operation at (46) and 260 MHz (50) is also possible. The lengths of the spiral member 28 and the linear member 30 are adjusted in accordance with a desired frequency band.
図４（ａ）及び図４（ｂ）は、螺旋状部材２８と直線状部材３０との、直接結合及び静電結合に対する等価回路をそれぞれ図示している。直接接続（部材２８及び３０が物理的にそれらの一端で互いに接続される状態）は、静電結合の接続（部材が物理的に接続されていない状態）に比べてより長い製造工程が必要となり、その結果、静電結合のものに比べて直接結合のものを製造するにはより多くの時間とコストがかかる。さらに、直接接続は、静電結合の接続に対して、より狭い（好ましくない）帯域幅となってしまう。例として、２つのタイプの接続における帯域幅と性能に対する典型的な結果が、図５に図示される。−３ｄＢ帯域幅は、直接接続の１．５％から静電結合の接続では４％に増加した。 FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B respectively show equivalent circuits for the direct coupling and the electrostatic coupling between the spiral member 28 and the linear member 30. A direct connection (in which the members 28 and 30 are physically connected to each other at one end thereof) requires a longer manufacturing process than an electrostatic coupling connection (in which the members are not physically connected). As a result, it takes more time and cost to produce a direct coupling than an electrostatic coupling. Furthermore, the direct connection results in a narrower (unfavorable) bandwidth than the capacitively coupled connection. As an example, typical results for bandwidth and performance in two types of connections are illustrated in FIG. The -3 dB bandwidth increased from 1.5% for direct connections to 4% for capacitively coupled connections.
帯域幅の増加は、図４（ａ）及び図４（ｂ）に示すような等価回路を用いて説明することができる。図４（ａ）の直接接続回路については、「非共振」長細部が共振点で残留無効負荷を第２長細部に与える。これは、共振の「Ｑ」値が増加してしまう。換言すると、単一共振長細部、すなわち、単一素子に対してより狭い帯域幅となってしまう。図４（ｂ）に示すように、第２長細部が静電結合するものであれば、結合コンデンサＣ１が非共振長細部の残留無効負荷に直列に存在する。これは、共振長細部の無効負荷の値を減らす効果を有し、増加した帯域幅を生じさせる。 The increase in bandwidth can be explained using an equivalent circuit as shown in FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b). For the direct connection circuit of FIG. 4 (a), the “non-resonant” long detail provides a residual reactive load to the second long detail at the resonance point. This increases the “Q” value of resonance. In other words, a single resonance length detail, ie, a narrower bandwidth for a single element. As shown in FIG. 4 (b), if the second long detail is electrostatically coupled, a coupling capacitor C1 is present in series with the non-resonant long detail residual reactive load. This has the effect of reducing the reactive load value of the resonance length detail, resulting in increased bandwidth.
直線状部材３０に用いられる金属テープ又は導線の厚みにより、図３に示される４つの共振周波数帯域のある程度のコントロールが可能である。２つの最低周波数帯域４４，４６を用いて実験を行った。以下、これらをそれぞれ低共振周波数帯域及び高共振周波数帯域と呼ぶ。２つの周波数の比率は、直線状部材３０の厚さを変えることで可変可能である。しかしながら、素子の厚さは、最適な放射効率に対して最も適切に調整される。すなわち、導線を最適な放射効率のための厚みよりもより薄く又は厚くすることは、放射効率を減少させる結果となる。直線状部材３０として導線が用いられた場合には、最適な導線の寸法は実験により明らかになった。この構造のインピーダンス帯域幅は、直線状部材（無給電素子）３０として用いられるさまざまな厚さの導線に対して−３ｄＢ帯域幅％が測定された、図６に図示される技術により最適化された。測定は２つの周波数帯域に対して行われた。直線状部材３０として用いられる導線が０．５ｍｍ−０．７ｍｍの範囲の厚さ（直径）を有するときに、−３ｄＢ帯域幅％について最適な値が現れたことが分かる。 Depending on the thickness of the metal tape or the conductive wire used for the linear member 30, the four resonance frequency bands shown in FIG. 3 can be controlled to some extent. Experiments were performed using the two lowest frequency bands 44 and 46. Hereinafter, these are referred to as a low resonance frequency band and a high resonance frequency band, respectively. The ratio of the two frequencies can be changed by changing the thickness of the linear member 30. However, the thickness of the element is most appropriately adjusted for optimal radiation efficiency. That is, making the conductor thinner or thicker than the thickness for optimum radiation efficiency results in a decrease in radiation efficiency. When conducting wires were used as the linear member 30, the optimum conducting wire dimensions were clarified by experiments. The impedance bandwidth of this structure is optimized by the technique illustrated in FIG. 6, where a -3 dB bandwidth% was measured for various thicknesses of conductors used as linear members (parasitic elements) 30. It was. Measurements were made for two frequency bands. It can be seen that when the conducting wire used as the linear member 30 has a thickness (diameter) in the range of 0.5 mm-0.7 mm, an optimum value for -3 dB bandwidth% appeared.
螺旋状部材２８と直線状部材３０との間のスペースは、螺旋状部材２８上の静電結合及び装荷を変化させることで明らかになった。スペースが増加すると、低共振周波数帯域及び高共振周波数帯域、すなわち、図３の４４及び４６において増加が認められた。螺旋状部材２８を形成する導線のエナメル被覆の厚さ、又は、螺旋状部材２８を形成する熱収縮性外被で覆われる金属テープの最小の厚さは、スペースがアンテナの最高共振周波数帯域の中心周波数における信号の波長の１／１０よりも小さくなるようにされる。 The space between the helical member 28 and the linear member 30 was revealed by changing the electrostatic coupling and loading on the helical member 28. As space increased, increases were observed in the low and high resonance frequency bands, ie, 44 and 46 in FIG. The thickness of the enamel coating on the conductor forming the helical member 28, or the minimum thickness of the metal tape covered with the heat-shrinkable envelope forming the helical member 28, is such that the space is at the highest resonant frequency band of the antenna. It is made smaller than 1/10 of the wavelength of the signal at the center frequency.
本発明のアンテナは、機械的及び耐候性の両方の要求に対して、容易にパッケージ化することが可能である。しかしながら、このような用途に用いられる熱収縮可能な材料又は外側成形材料の影響を考慮する必要がある。外側成形材料の実効誘電率は自由空間における誘電率に比べて高いので、外側成形材料はマストに付加的な装荷を与える。 The antenna of the present invention can be easily packaged for both mechanical and weathering requirements. However, it is necessary to consider the effects of heat shrinkable materials or outer molding materials used in such applications. Since the effective dielectric constant of the outer molding material is higher than the dielectric constant in free space, the outer molding material provides additional loading to the mast.
提案する構造は、高−低周波数比が約２：１（図３の周波数帯域４６，４４の周波数を参照）における動作のために主として設計される。しかしながら、この比率に限定されるわけではない。上述のように、この構造は適用例に限られず、他の目的、例えば携帯電話や家庭用ラジオ受信機等の目的のために用いられることも可能である。 The proposed structure is primarily designed for operation at a high to low frequency ratio of about 2: 1 (see frequencies in frequency bands 46 and 44 of FIG. 3). However, it is not limited to this ratio. As described above, this structure is not limited to the application example, and may be used for other purposes such as a cellular phone and a home radio receiver.
図７は、図２に示される構造を有するマストアンテナの周波数特性として反射減衰量を測定したときの他の結果を図示している。特定用途向けではない２つの周波数帯域（図３の周波数帯域４４，４６に対応するもの）が選択された。螺旋状部材２８の高次モードと直線状部材３０の基本モードとの組み合わせにより、高帯域の帯域幅が増加した。 FIG. 7 shows another result when the return loss is measured as the frequency characteristic of the mast antenna having the structure shown in FIG. Two frequency bands not corresponding to specific applications (corresponding to frequency bands 44 and 46 in FIG. 3) were selected. The combination of the higher order mode of the spiral member 28 and the basic mode of the linear member 30 increased the bandwidth of the high band.
図８は、符号５６として特定されるマストアンテナの第１実施例を用いて、図９の側面図で示される車両５４の後方の屋根上に水平から６０度に傾けて設置されたときに測定された典型的な空中線指向性図を示している。特性は、マストアンテナの車両上への取付位置及び方向に関連することが分かった。 FIG. 8 shows a first example of a mast antenna identified as 56, measured when installed at an angle of 60 degrees from the horizontal on the roof behind the vehicle 54 shown in the side view of FIG. A typical antenna directivity diagram is shown. It has been found that the characteristics are related to the mounting position and direction of the mast antenna on the vehicle.
無給電素子は、図２の直線性部材に限定されるわけではない。図１０は、螺旋状部材２８を含む第２実施例を図示している。直線状部材３０は、螺旋状部６２の一端で接続される直線状部６０が含まれる無給電部材５８により代替されている。第１実施例と同様に、絶縁材料が螺旋状部材２８と無給電部材５８の両部との間に延在する。実験により、本発明のアンテナでは、螺旋状部材２８の長さを超えるような非常に長い直線状無給電素子が必要なときには、１つの解決手段として、装荷コイルとして螺旋状部６２が含まれる無給電素子を形成すれば良いことが分かった。螺旋状部６２の存在は僅かな障害となるため、低共振周波数帯域（図３の帯域４４に対応する帯域）の利得の低下をもたらす。減少の程度は、障害の大きさに依存する。 The parasitic element is not limited to the linear member of FIG. FIG. 10 illustrates a second embodiment that includes a helical member 28. The linear member 30 is replaced by a parasitic member 58 including a linear portion 60 connected at one end of the spiral portion 62. As in the first embodiment, the insulating material extends between the spiral member 28 and the parasitic member 58. According to experiments, in the antenna of the present invention, when a very long linear parasitic element exceeding the length of the spiral member 28 is required, one solution is to include a spiral portion 62 as a loading coil. It has been found that a feeding element may be formed. Since the presence of the spiral portion 62 becomes a slight obstacle, the gain of the low resonance frequency band (a band corresponding to the band 44 in FIG. 3) is reduced. The extent of the reduction depends on the size of the obstacle.
高共振周波数帯域（図８の帯域４６に対応する帯域）の帯域幅は、螺旋状部材２８に対する螺旋状部６２の位置によって制御可能である。螺旋状部６２が螺旋状部材２８の下部端の方に配置されたときに、帯域幅の十分な増加が得られる。図１１及び図１２は、それぞれ低共振周波数帯域及び高共振周波数帯域に対して、受信電力の信号レベル及び帯域幅について無給電部材５８の構造及び位置の影響を図示している。中心にコイルを有する導線の実施例は、図１０に表わされたものである。下部にコイルを有する導線の実施例は図示していないが、直線状部６０が螺旋状部６２から上方に延在する状態、すなわち、図１０の無給電部材５８を上下逆さまに反転した状態で、螺旋状部６２が螺旋状部材２８の下部端を囲むように位置するものである。 The bandwidth of the high resonance frequency band (the band corresponding to the band 46 in FIG. 8) can be controlled by the position of the spiral portion 62 with respect to the spiral member 28. A sufficient increase in bandwidth is obtained when the spiral 62 is located toward the lower end of the spiral member 28. 11 and 12 illustrate the influence of the structure and position of the parasitic member 58 on the signal level and bandwidth of the received power for the low resonance frequency band and the high resonance frequency band, respectively. An embodiment of a conducting wire having a coil in the center is shown in FIG. An embodiment of a conducting wire having a coil at the bottom is not shown, but in a state where the linear portion 60 extends upward from the spiral portion 62, that is, in a state where the parasitic member 58 of FIG. 10 is inverted upside down. The spiral portion 62 is positioned so as to surround the lower end of the spiral member 28.
図１３は、複数の無給電部材７０，７２，７４を用いた第３実施例を図示している。第１部材７０は、第１実施例の直線状部材３０に対応する。第２部材７２は、直線状部材７０から螺旋状部材２８の反対側で延在する第２直線状部材である。第３部材７４は、マストアンテナの上部端に位置し、直線状部材７０や第２直線状部材７２のいずれにも接続されていない第２螺旋状部材である。複数の無給電部材の導入は複合的な効果をもたらし、また、製造上及び美観的理由から、これが必要とされても良い。図１３に示すように、無給電部材は同じような形状で作られる必要はなく、すなわち、これらはすべて直線状部材でなくても良い。図１３に示される配置例では、直線状部材７０及び７２は、螺旋状部材２８の最も有効な領域が妨害されないようにするために螺旋状部材２８の下部領域で用いられ、また、第２螺旋状部材７４は、最大装荷が得られるような、マストアンテナの上部付近に位置する。 FIG. 13 illustrates a third embodiment using a plurality of parasitic members 70, 72, 74. The first member 70 corresponds to the linear member 30 of the first embodiment. The second member 72 is a second linear member that extends from the linear member 70 on the opposite side of the spiral member 28. The third member 74 is a second spiral member that is located at the upper end of the mast antenna and is not connected to either the linear member 70 or the second linear member 72. The introduction of a plurality of parasitic members has a combined effect and may be required for manufacturing and aesthetic reasons. As shown in FIG. 13, the parasitic members need not be made in the same shape, that is, they may not all be linear members. In the arrangement shown in FIG. 13, linear members 70 and 72 are used in the lower region of helical member 28 to prevent the most effective area of helical member 28 from being obstructed, and the second helix. The member 74 is located near the top of the mast antenna so that maximum loading is obtained.
無給電部材の形状は限定されるものではなく、螺旋状部材２８の周りにゆるく巻回されても良い。標準的なマストに用いられる風騒音軽減機構が、巻回無給電部材を構成するために金属化されても良い。螺旋状部材２８上の無給電素子の位置も可変可能である。位置を可変することにより、高周波数帯域と低周波数帯域との周波数比が変更可能である。 The shape of the parasitic member is not limited, and may be loosely wound around the spiral member 28. Wind noise mitigation mechanisms used in standard masts may be metallized to form a wound parasitic member. The position of the parasitic element on the spiral member 28 can also be varied. By changing the position, the frequency ratio between the high frequency band and the low frequency band can be changed.
これまで説明したように、無給電アンテナ素子、すなわち、図２の直線状部材３０は、螺旋状部材２８の外側に存在していた。しかしながら、螺旋状部材２８の内側に、絶縁的に螺旋状部材２８から間隔をあけた状態で配置されても良い。しかしながら、このような内側構造は、外側構造よりも放射効率が悪くなってしまうことが分かった。しかしながら、ある状況においては、例えば「スリムライン」マストには内側構造が使われるべきであり、この場合には、放射効率のトレードオフは差し支えない。 As described so far, the parasitic antenna element, that is, the linear member 30 in FIG. 2 exists outside the spiral member 28. However, it may be disposed inside the spiral member 28 in a state of being insulated from the spiral member 28. However, it has been found that such an inner structure has a lower radiation efficiency than the outer structure. However, in some situations, for example, “slimline” masts should use an inner structure, in which case the radiation efficiency trade-off can be allowed.
上述の説明は主素子が螺旋状、すなわち螺旋状部材２８である場合について説明したが、実験では効率は悪くなるものの主素子として直線状部材が代わりに用いられても良いことが分かった。第１乃至第３実施例で説明された無給電部材は、このような直線状主素子と共に用いることも可能である。 In the above description, the case where the main element is a spiral, that is, the spiral member 28 has been described. However, in experiments, it has been found that a linear member may be used instead as the main element, although the efficiency is deteriorated. The parasitic member described in the first to third embodiments can also be used with such a linear main element.
本発明は好適実施例について説明されたが、使用された用語は限定的ではない説明のための用語であり、添付の特許請求の範囲により画定される範囲から逸脱せずに発明に変更を加え得ることが理解されるべきである。 Although the present invention has been described in terms of a preferred embodiment, the terminology used is for the purpose of illustration and not limitation, and modifications may be made to the invention without departing from the scope defined by the appended claims. It should be understood that you get.
本明細書（特許請求の範囲も含まれる）に開示され及び／又は図面に示されたそれぞれの特徴は、他に開示され及び／又は図示された特徴とは独立して発明に組み込まれても良い。 Each feature disclosed in this specification (including the claims) and / or shown in the drawings may be incorporated into the invention independently of any other disclosed and / or illustrated feature. good.
これと共に提出される要約書の内容を、明細書の一部としてここに複写する。 The contents of the abstract submitted together with this are copied here as part of the specification.
多帯域アンテナには、細長第１アンテナ素子と、第１アンテナ素子と平行に間隔を置いた関係で延在する１つ以上の他の細長アンテナ素子とが含まれる。アンテナ素子間の物理的なスペースを確保するために、第１アンテナ素子と１つ以上の他のアンテナ素子との間に、絶縁体が延在する。アンテナは、螺旋状の第１アンテナ素子と、第１素子の長手方向の軸に平行に延在する直線状部が含まれる、第２アンテナ素子とを有する。アンテナの一形態では、第２素子には、第１素子の同軸上で周囲に延在し直線状部と直列接続される螺旋状部が含まれる。他の形態では、第２素子の直線状部は第２素子の全体を構成し、第２素子及び第３素子が、第１素子のそれぞれ反対側で第１素子の長手方向の軸に平行に延在する。アンテナ素子は、導線か金属テープの何れかで形成されれば良い。本アンテナの有利な点は、共振周波数帯域を従来に比べてより綿密に区切ることができ、それ相応に多くの共振周波数帯域が実現可能となる。 Multiband antennas include an elongated first antenna element and one or more other elongated antenna elements that extend in a spaced relationship in parallel with the first antenna element. In order to ensure a physical space between the antenna elements, an insulator extends between the first antenna element and one or more other antenna elements. The antenna includes a spiral first antenna element and a second antenna element including a linear portion extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of the first element. In one form of the antenna, the second element includes a spiral portion extending around the same axis of the first element and connected in series with the linear portion. In another form, the linear portion of the second element constitutes the entire second element, and the second element and the third element are parallel to the longitudinal axis of the first element on opposite sides of the first element. Extend. The antenna element may be formed of either a conductive wire or a metal tape. The advantage of this antenna is that the resonance frequency band can be divided more precisely than in the prior art, and a correspondingly large number of resonance frequency bands can be realized.
Claims (29)
その一方の端部の給電端から給電される螺旋状の第１アンテナ素子と、
前記第１アンテナ素子の長手方向の軸と同軸の長手方向の軸を有し、第１アンテナ素子の外側に延在する第２アンテナ素子であって、第１アンテナ素子が第２アンテナ素子の少なくともどちらか一方の端部を越えて延在する、無給電の螺旋状の第２アンテナ素子と、
前記第１及び第２アンテナ素子の両方の長手方向の軸に平行に延在し、第２アンテナ素子の、給電端に最も近い端部と、第１アンテナ素子の、給電端側の端部との間、又は第２アンテナ素子の、給電端に最も遠い端部と、第１アンテナ素子の、給電端から最も遠い側の端部との間の、第１アンテナ素子の長手方向の軸に平行に延在する領域内で、且つ第１アンテナ素子の外側に延在する、無給電の直線状の第３アンテナ素子と、を具備し、
前記第２及び第３アンテナ素子の端部近傍は、それぞれ近い側が接続され、
前記第１、第２及び第３アンテナ素子間の相互作用が、第１アンテナ素子を単体で使用したときの帯域に追加される動作周波数帯域を提供する、
ことを特徴とするアンテナ。A multiband antenna having a feed end connectable to an electrical circuit for signal transmission and / or reception, the antenna comprising:
A spiral first antenna element fed from a feeding end of one end thereof ;
A second antenna element having a longitudinal axis coaxial with the longitudinal axis of the first antenna element and extending outside the first antenna element, wherein the first antenna element is at least of the second antenna element; A parasitic second antenna element extending beyond one of the ends;
Extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of both of the first and second antenna elements, the second antenna element, and the end closest to the feeding end, of the first antenna element, and the end portion of the feeding end side during, or of the second antenna element, and the end furthest into the feeding end, of the first antenna element, between the end of the farthest from the feeding end, parallel to the longitudinal axis of the first antenna element A parasitic third linear element extending in a region extending to the outside of the first antenna element, and
Near ends of the second and third antenna elements are connected to the close sides ,
The interaction between the first, second and third antenna elements provides an operating frequency band that is added to the band when the first antenna element is used alone;
An antenna characterized by that.
その一方の端部の給電端から給電される螺旋状の第１アンテナ素子と、
前記第１アンテナ素子の長手方向の軸と同軸の長手方向の軸を有し、第１アンテナ素子の外側に延在する第２アンテナ素子であって、第１アンテナ素子が第２アンテナ素子の少なくともどちらか一方の端部を越えて延在する、無給電の螺旋状の第２アンテナ素子と、
前記第１及び第２アンテナ素子の両方の長手方向の軸に平行に延在し、第２アンテナ素子の、給電端に最も近い端部と、第１アンテナ素子の、給電端側の端部との間、又は第２アンテナ素子の、給電端に最も遠い端部と、第１アンテナ素子の、給電端から最も遠い側の端部との間の、第１アンテナ素子の長手方向の軸に平行に延在する領域内で、且つ第１アンテナ素子の外側に延在する、無給電の直線状の第３アンテナ素子と、を具備し、
前記第２及び第３アンテナ素子の端部近傍は、それぞれいずれにも接続されず、
前記第１、第２及び第３アンテナ素子間の相互作用が、第１アンテナ素子を単体で使用したときの帯域に追加される動作周波数帯域を提供する、
ことを特徴とするアンテナ。A multiband antenna having a feed end connectable to an electrical circuit for signal transmission and / or reception, the antenna comprising:
A spiral first antenna element fed from a feeding end of one end thereof ;
A second antenna element having a longitudinal axis coaxial with a longitudinal axis of the first antenna element and extending outside the first antenna element, wherein the first antenna element is at least of the second antenna element; A parasitic second antenna element extending beyond either one of the ends,
Extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of both of the first and second antenna elements, the second antenna element, and the end closest to the feeding end, of the first antenna element, and the end portion of the feeding end side during, or of the second antenna element, and the end furthest into the feeding end, of the first antenna element, between the end of the farthest from the feeding end, parallel to the longitudinal axis of the first antenna element A parasitic third linear element extending in a region extending to the outside of the first antenna element, and
The end portions of the second and third antenna elements are not connected to each other,
The interaction between the first, second and third antenna elements provides an operating frequency band that is added to the band when the first antenna element is used alone;
An antenna characterized by that.
前記第３アンテナ素子の長手方向の軸に平行であって、第３アンテナ素子から第１アンテナ素子の反対側で延在する直線状の第４アンテナ素子を具備し、
前記第１、第２、第３及び第４アンテナ素子間の相互作用が、第１アンテナ素子を単体で使用したときの帯域に追加される動作周波数帯域を提供する、
ことを特徴とするアンテナ。The antenna of claim 1, further comprising:
A fourth linear antenna element that is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the third antenna element and extends from the third antenna element on the opposite side of the first antenna element;
The interaction between the first, second, third and fourth antenna elements provides an operating frequency band that is added to the band when the first antenna element is used alone;
An antenna characterized by that.
前記第３アンテナ素子の長手方向の軸に平行であって、第３アンテナ素子から第１アンテナ素子の反対側で延在する直線状の第４アンテナ素子を具備し、
前記第１、第２、第３及び第４アンテナ素子間の相互作用が、第１アンテナ素子を単体で使用したときの帯域に追加される動作周波数帯域を提供する、
ことを特徴とするアンテナ。The antenna of claim 2, further comprising:
A fourth linear antenna element that is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the third antenna element and extends from the third antenna element on the opposite side of the first antenna element;
The interaction between the first, second, third and fourth antenna elements provides an operating frequency band that is added to the band when the first antenna element is used alone;
An antenna characterized by that.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0402689A GB2410837B (en) | 2004-02-06 | 2004-02-06 | Multi-band antenna using parasitic element |
| PCT/GB2005/000392 WO2005078862A1 (en) | 2004-02-06 | 2005-02-04 | Multi-band antenna using parasitic element |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2007520964A JP2007520964A (en) | 2007-07-26 |
| JP2007520964A5 JP2007520964A5 (en) | 2008-03-27 |
| JP4586028B2 true JP4586028B2 (en) | 2010-11-24 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| JP2006551918A Expired - Fee Related JP4586028B2 (en) | 2004-02-06 | 2005-02-04 | Multi-band antenna using parasitic elements |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP4586028B2 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE112005000302T5 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2410837B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2005078862A1 (en) |
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| US10957979B2 (en) | 2018-12-06 | 2021-03-23 | Antennas Direct, Inc. | Antenna assemblies |
| GB2430556B (en) * | 2005-09-22 | 2009-04-08 | Sarantel Ltd | A mobile communication device and an antenna assembly for the device |
| FR2916087A1 (en) * | 2007-05-09 | 2008-11-14 | Yves Jean Paul Guy Reza | MINIATURIZED PROPELLER ANTENNA FOR CONSUMER USE |
| DE102009037722A1 (en) | 2009-08-17 | 2011-02-24 | Heinz Prof. Dr.-Ing. Lindenmeier | Antenna rod for a rod antenna for several radio services |
| US8570224B2 (en) * | 2010-05-12 | 2013-10-29 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Apparatus providing thermal management for radio frequency devices |
| KR101246855B1 (en) * | 2011-04-27 | 2013-03-25 | 인팩일렉스 주식회사 | Dual band antenna for vehicle |
| CN109155454B (en) | 2016-05-16 | 2020-10-02 | 摩托罗拉解决方案公司 | Dual contrawound antenna for communication equipment |
| CN106207410B (en) * | 2016-07-05 | 2019-04-16 | 中国电子科技集团公司第七研究所 | A kind of VHF/UHF dual-band broadband combined antenna |
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2004
- 2004-02-06 GB GB0402689A patent/GB2410837B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-02-04 DE DE112005000302T patent/DE112005000302T5/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-02-04 WO PCT/GB2005/000392 patent/WO2005078862A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-02-04 JP JP2006551918A patent/JP4586028B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2410837A (en) | 2005-08-10 |
| WO2005078862A1 (en) | 2005-08-25 |
| GB0402689D0 (en) | 2004-03-10 |
| JP2007520964A (en) | 2007-07-26 |
| GB2410837B (en) | 2007-05-23 |
| DE112005000302T5 (en) | 2007-01-04 |
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