JP4578809B2 - Assist transfer device - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an assist conveyance device that reduces a load on an operator who conveys a conveyance object by operating a conveyance unit.

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there is known a work assisting device to which impedance control is applied that can perform a carrying work while feeling as if a light article is being conveyed, even though a heavy article is being conveyed. This work auxiliary device includes first to eighth movable bodies that support heavy objects, each actuator that moves the movable bodies, and a controller that adjusts the output of the actuators. In order to convey as intended, the force indirectly applied to the heavy load by the worker is detected by the force sensor, and the first to eighth movable bodies are controlled based on this information to reduce the load on the worker. Power assist device (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
JP 2000-84881 A

  However, in the work assisting device disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-84881, when a worker is transporting a transported object that is not limited to a heavy object, or when the transported object is positioned and attached to an attachment target site, the transported object Even if the robot touches any obstacle, the reaction force generated on the transported object due to the contact is not transmitted to the operator who operates the device, so the worker senses that the transported object is in contact with the obstacle. However, there is a problem that the conveyance work may be continued as it is, and the conveyance object or the attachment target part of the conveyance object may be damaged.

  The present invention has been made in view of such problems of the prior art, and the object of the present invention is to prevent the transported object and the obstacle from being touched even if the transported object contacts any obstacle during the work. It is an object of the present invention to provide an assist conveyance method and apparatus capable of appropriately transmitting a touch feeling to an operator without being damaged.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the invention according to claim 1 is an assist conveyance method for reducing a load on an operator who conveys a conveyance object by operating a conveyance means, and the operator holds the conveyance object and conveys it. Detecting the direction and magnitude of the operating force when the conveying means is moved in the desired direction, calculating the direction and magnitude of the operating force and assisting conveyance of the conveyed object as the target value of the conveying means It is.

  The invention according to claim 2 is an assist conveyance device that reduces a load on an operator who conveys a conveyance object by operating the conveyance means, the grasping means for grasping the conveyance object, and a work attached to the grasping means. An operation handle that guides the object to be conveyed in a desired direction, an external force detection means that is provided at a connection portion between the gripping means and the transport means and detects the direction and magnitude of the external force applied to the gripping means, and this external force detection Control means for assisting and transporting the transported object as a target value of the transport means by calculating the direction and magnitude of the external force detected by the means.

  As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to efficiently reduce the load on the operator while maintaining a good operability state that does not directly feel the driving of the conveying means.

  Also, when an operator transports or attaches a transported object to a mounted part, the load on the worker is reduced, and even if the transported object comes into contact with any obstacle or mounted part, the transported object or mounted part is not No damage.

  Furthermore, the operator can perform the work efficiently while feeling that the conveyed object is in contact with any obstacle or attached part.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Here, FIG. 1 is an overall schematic diagram of a vehicle assembly line to which the assist conveyance device according to the present invention is applied, FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the conveyance means, FIG. 3 is a plan view of a machine base of the conveyance means, and FIG. FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of the gripping means, FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a control system related to power assist control, and FIG. 7 is a conceptual explanatory diagram of assist conveyance control.

  The assist conveyance method and the apparatus according to the present invention are applied to a door glass lifting regulator attaching step of a vehicle door assembly line, and efficiently attach the door glass lifting regulator to a pitched vehicle door. Have been able to.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 1, the vehicle door assembly line 1 includes a door conveyance line 2 for pitch-feeding the vehicle door W, and a plurality of assemblies sequentially arranged from upstream to downstream of the door conveyance line 2. The process part 3 is provided and these assembly | attachment process parts 3 are made to assemble | attach each assembly | attachment component with respect to the door W.

  And a part of this assembly process part 3 is made into the process part for attaching the regulator R for door glass raising / lowering, and the process part for attaching the regulator R for door glass raising / lowering is conveyed as shown in FIG. Means 4 are provided.

  The door conveyance line 2 is configured to pitch convey the right and left doors W of the same vehicle as a set, and the inner panel Wi side is directed in the same direction on one rectangular pallet p (FIG. 2). In this state, the pallets p are arranged in a line and placed in an upright state, and a plurality of pallets p are arranged close to each other along a line, and simultaneously sent for a fixed stroke, stopped for a fixed time, and this is repeated.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the transport unit 4 includes a gate-type machine base 5 straddling the door transport line 2 and a gripping means 6 movable in a multi-axis direction with respect to the machine base 5. The gripping means 6 is configured as an attachment device for attaching the door glass raising / lowering regulator R (FIG. 9), and the component supply position A disposed in the vicinity of the machine base 5 and the attachment of the stopped door W The position B can be moved freely.

  First, from the related equipment and the like, a pair of upper and lower slide rails 8 is provided on one side surface of the beam member 7 on the upper side of the machine base 5, and a rack 9 is provided between the slide rails 8. Yes.

  A slide table 12 is slidably engaged with the slide rail 8 via a slide guide 11. The slide table 12 has a first motor (for X axis) 13 as one of the actuators. A pinion gear attached and driven by the first motor 13 projects over the back side of the slide table 12 and meshes with the rack 9. For this reason, the slide table 12 can be moved in the left-right direction by the operation of the first motor 13.

  A support table 15 is attached to the front surface of the slide table 12 via a mounting base, and a pair of slide guides 16 are provided on the front surface side of the support table 15, and on the back surface side of the support table 15, A second motor (for Z-axis) 17 as one of the actuators is attached, and the rotation shaft of the second motor 17 protrudes to the surface side of the support table 15, and a pinion gear (not shown) is attached to the tip thereof. It has been. The pinion gear meshes with a rack 19 of a lifting table 18 described below.

  The elevating table 18 includes a pair of slide rails 21 slidably engaged with the slide guide 16 of the support table 15, and a rack 19 disposed between the slide rails 21. It can be moved up and down.

  A support base 22 that protrudes forward is provided at the lower end of the lift table 18, and a third motor (for horizontal rotation S-axis) 23 as a part of the actuator is provided on the upper surface of the support base 22. Yes. The output shaft of the third motor 23 is connected to the base end portion of the horizontal arm 24 projecting from the lower side of the support base 22 to the horizontal front side through a gear. As shown, the horizontal arm 24 is rotatable about a vertical axis on the base end side.

  By driving the first to third motors (X axis, Z axis, S axis) 13, 17, and 23, the position of the conveyed product (door glass lifting regulator R) in the three-dimensional space can be changed.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 4, fourth to sixth motors (for rotation) 25, 27, and 28 are provided at the tip of the horizontal arm 24 as a part of actuators whose output shafts are orthogonal to each other. That is, a fourth motor (for rotation α-axis) 25 is mounted in an upright state on the top surface on the front end side of the horizontal arm 24, the vertical arm 26 is connected to the output shaft of the fourth motor 25, and the bracket 27a is connected to the lower end of the vertical arm 26. A fifth motor (for rotation β-axis) 27 is attached via a bracket, and a sixth motor (for rotation γ-axis) 28 is attached to an output shaft of the fifth motor 27 via a bracket 28a. The gripping means 6 is attached to the shaft via a box 30. An operation handle 29 is attached to the gripping means 6.

  By driving the fourth to sixth motors (α axis, β axis, γ axis) 25, 27, 28, the posture of the conveyed product (door glass lifting regulator R) in the three-dimensional space can be changed.

  In addition, the box 30 is provided with a six-axis force detection sensor for detecting interference when detecting the direction and magnitude of the impact force (external force) when the conveyed product (door glass lifting regulator R) contacts the obstacle. Yes. The force detected by these force sensors is used for power assist control of the apparatus.

  The first to sixth motors (X axis, Z axis, S axis, α axis, β axis, γ axis) 13, 17, 23, 25, 27, 28 as described above are not subject to operator intervention. It is possible to control switching between an automatic conveyance mode that is not required and an assist conveyance mode that requires an operator's intervention but can reduce the load on the operator. When the mode changeover switch is switched to the automatic transfer mode, the gripping means 6 automatically moves along the previously taught path. When the mode transfer switch is switched to the assist transfer mode, the operator indirectly holds the gripping means by the operation handle 29. When moving 6, the load on the operator is reduced.

  Next, the gripping means 6 will be described. As shown in FIG. 5, the gripping means 6 includes a machine table 31 connected to the output shaft of the sixth motor 28 via a box 30. The machine table 31 includes a door glass lifting regulator R. A gripping mechanism 32 for gripping the door, a positioning mechanism 33 for positioning the door glass lifting regulator R at a predetermined position of the door W, and a tightening mechanism for attaching the door glass lifting regulator R to the door W A portion 34 is provided.

  Then, the door glass lifting regulator R gripped by the gripping mechanism 32 is inserted into the space between the inner panel Wi and the outer panel Wo through the opening H of the inner panel Wi of the door W as shown in FIG. After positioning by the mechanism portion 33, the fastening mechanism portion 34 is fastened and fixed with a bolt or the like.

  The gripping mechanism 32 includes a first cylinder 35 attached to the front surface of the machine table 31, a substrate 36 coupled to the tip of the cylinder rod 35a of the first cylinder 35, a motor 37 attached to the front surface of the substrate 36, a motor 37 is provided with a table 38 attached to the front side, and a plurality of suction pads 41 and positioning pins 42 with bosses are attached to the table 38 via brackets 39. The positioning pins 42 with bosses are door glass. It can be inserted into the reference hole k (FIG. 9B) of the lifting regulator R.

  A slide rail (not shown) is provided on the side of the substrate 36, and the slide rail is slidably fitted to a slide guide 43 extending from the front surface of the machine table 31. Therefore, the substrate 36 can slide in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the base table 31 by the operation of the first cylinder 35, and the table 38 can be rotated by a predetermined angle by the operation of the motor 37.

  Then, with the positioning pin 42 with the boss inserted into the reference hole k of the door glass lifting regulator R, the suction pad 41 is sucked onto the surface of the plate portion of the door glass lifting regulator R (the surface in FIG. 9B). The door glass lifting regulator R can be gripped by the motor 37, and the door glass lifting regulator R is tilted and inserted so as not to interfere with the periphery of the opening H of the inner panel Wi by the motor 37. The R posture can be converted into a mounting posture.

  The positioning mechanism unit 33 has a support member 44 attached to a tip end portion of a support column 47 extending from the front surface of the machine table 31 via a bracket 50, and a boss portion for inserting the support member 44 into an inner panel reference hole. A pin 45 and an inner panel abutting member 46 made of resin or rubber that abuts a predetermined portion of the inner panel are attached. A pair of positioning mechanism portions 33 are provided with the gripping mechanism portion 32 interposed therebetween.

  The pin 45 with the boss portion of the positioning mechanism 33 is inserted into the reference hole t (FIG. 8) of the inner panel, and at the same time, the inner panel abutting member 46 is brought into contact with the inner panel Wi at a predetermined position, thereby And the gripping means 6 are aligned.

  The tightening mechanism 34 includes a nut runner 48 slidably engaged with a slide rail (not shown) formed on a side surface of a column 47 fixed to the machine table 31 side via a slide guide, and a nut runner. The second cylinder 51 for moving the 48 forward and backward toward the inner panel Wi side is provided, and the second cylinder 51 is connected to a table 49 with a slide guide integral with the nut runner 48 side via a connecting member 52. ing.

  The nut runner 48 moves forward and backward toward the inner panel Wi by the expansion and contraction operation of the second cylinder 51. A pair of nut runners 48 is also provided. When the door glass lifting / lowering regulator R is positioned in the mounting posture, the nut runner 48 moves forward and the fixing operation is performed by bolting.

  When the operator pushes the operation handle 29 in the direction to move while holding the deadman switch, the automatic transfer mode is switched to the assist transfer mode so that it can be transferred with a light force. When released, the automatic transfer mode is switched.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 6, the control system related to the power assist control of the assist transport device is provided in the box 30 and the direction and magnitude of the external force when the transported object (door glass elevating regulator R) comes into contact with the obstacle. 6-axis interference detection force sensor 61 for detecting the height, position command calculation unit 62, position control unit 63, and position control motor (X-axis, Z-axis, S-axis) 13 as an assist drive actuator , 17, 23 and attitude control motors (α-axis, β-axis, γ-axis) 25, 27, 28, and positions / velocities for detecting the positions / velocities of the motors 13, 17, 23, 25, 27, 28 It comprises detection means 64.

  As shown in FIG. 7, when the operator grasps the operation handle 29 and guides the door glass lifting / lowering regulator R held by the holding means 6 in a desired direction, a 6-axis interference detection force sensor provided in the box 30. At least one of the 61 axes detects the operating force, and the operating force is input to the target value calculation unit 62.

  Even when the door glass lifting regulator R gripped by the gripping means 6 comes into contact with the door W or an obstacle, at least one of the six-axis interference detection force sensors 61 provided in the box 30 has an external force. , And the external force is input to the target value calculation unit 62. FIG. 7 shows one axis (X axis).

The target value calculator 62 calculates a target value (target trajectory, speed, assist force, etc.) of the assist conveyance device based on the operation force and the external force detected by the interference detection force sensor 61. For example, F _x : force in the X axis direction detected by the interference detection force sensor 61, N _x : moment about the X axis detected by the interference detection force sensor 61, x: target trajectory in the X axis direction, θ: X The target trajectory of rotation around the axis, M: desired mass, I: desired moment of inertia, D _xd : desired X-axis viscous friction coefficient, D _θd : desired X-axis viscous friction coefficient (1) and (2) hold.

d ² x / dt ² = (− F _x −D _xd · dx / dt) / M (1)
d ² θ / dt ² = (− N _x −D _θd · dθ / dt) / I (2)
For simplification, the expression is expressed only in one axis direction (X axis direction). Actually, formulas (1) and (2) hold for six axes (X axis, Z axis, S axis, α axis, β axis, and γ axis).

  In the target value calculation unit 62, position control motors (X axis, Z axis, S axis) 13, 17, 23 and attitude control motors (α axis, β axis, γ axis) 25, 27, 28 are provided. The target values (target trajectory, speed, assist force, etc.) for assist driving are calculated from the equations (1) and (2) and input to the control unit 63.

In the control unit 63, a position control motor (X axis, Z) so as to follow the calculation result (trajectory: x, speed: dx / dt, acceleration: d ² x / dt ^2, etc.) by the target value calculation unit 62. Axis, S-axis) 13, 17, 23 and attitude control motors (α-axis, β-axis, γ-axis) 25, 27, 28 are controlled. At that time, the positions and speeds of the position control motors (X axis, Z axis, S axis) 13, 17, 23 and the attitude control motors (α axis, β axis, γ axis) 25, 27, 28 are determined. Detected by the speed detection means 64 and fed back to the target value calculation unit 62 and the control unit 63.

  Next, the operation of the assist conveyance device and the assist conveyance method according to the present invention applied to the operation of attaching the door glass lifting regulator R to the vehicle door W will be described.

  When the pair of left and right doors W is pitched along the door conveyance line 2, the door glass lifting regulator R is automatically conveyed to the attachment position B by the conveyance means 4. That is, when the gripping means 6 grips the door glass lifting / lowering regulator R at the component supply position A, the gripper 6 automatically transports toward a predetermined point near the mounting position B according to the path set in the automatic transport mode. Here, gripping of the door glass lifting regulator R by the gripping means 6 may be performed in the automatic mode or in the assist mode.

  When a predetermined point near the attachment position B is reached, the mode of each actuator is switched to the assist conveyance mode. For this reason, the operator moves the gripping means 6 to the mounting position B by pushing the operation handle 29 in the direction in which the operator wants to move while grasping the deadman switch of the gripping means 6. When passing through the opening H of the inner panel Wi of the door W, as shown in FIG. 10A, the door glass lifting regulator R does not interfere with the periphery of the opening H by operating another switch. Tilt into a proper posture and insert.

  After the opening H passing operation, the boss portion pin 45 of the positioning mechanism portion 33 is inserted into the reference hole t of the inner panel Wi until the boss portion comes into contact with the surface, and at the same time, the inner panel contact member 46. Is positioned by bringing it into contact with the inner panel Wi surface. Thereafter, the door glass raising / lowering regulator R is returned to the inner panel Wi side by returning the inclination thereof, thereby bringing the door glass raising / lowering regulator R and the inner panel Wi into contact with each other.

  Next, the nut runner 48 with the bolts attached moves forward to the inner panel Wi side, the bolts are inserted through the bolt holes x of the inner panel Wi, and are tightened and fixed to the nuts attached to the door glass elevating regulator R. It is attached in the state as shown in FIG.

  When the attachment work to either the left or right door W is completed, the worker releases his hand from the deadman switch. Then, the operation mode of the gripping means 6 is switched to the automatic conveyance mode, and the gripping means 6 automatically moves to the component supply position A along a predetermined route, and then grips the next door glass lifting / lowering regulator R. In the same way, it is automatically conveyed to the vicinity of the mounting position B.

  And when it conveys to a predetermined point, it switches to assist conveyance mode by the same procedure as the above, and it attaches in the same procedure with respect to the door W of the right-and-left other side. Then, the conveyance of the door conveyance line 2 is stopped until the attachment to the two doors W is completed, and when the attachment to the two doors W is completed, the next pallet p (door W) is moved by the pitch conveyance. Come on.

  By using the gripping means 6 and attaching the door glass raising / lowering regulator R to the door W in the manner described above, the operation can be performed very efficiently, and the inner panel Wi and the outer panel Wo Since they are integrated in advance, the degree of freedom in assembling other door assembly parts is not impaired.

  If any trouble occurs during the operation in the automatic transfer mode, the operation switch can be switched to the assist mode to transfer all the points in the assist mode. At this time, the parts transfer means 4 Impedance is automatically set when returning to the point or area determined in the automatic transfer mode.

  By applying the present invention to the assembly work of an automobile production line that is difficult to fully automate, the work environment can be improved and the cost performance can be improved.

Overall schematic diagram of a vehicle assembly line to which an assist conveyance device according to the present invention is applied Perspective view of transport means Plan view of the platform of the transport means Perspective view of the connecting part between the conveying means and the gripping means Illustration of gripping means Block diagram of control system for power assist control Conceptual diagram of assist transfer control Explanatory drawing of the door as seen from the inner panel side It is explanatory drawing of the regulator for door glass raising / lowering, (a) is a back surface side, (b) is explanatory drawing seen from the surface side It is explanatory drawing of the state which attaches the door glass raising / lowering regulator in a door inner panel, (a) is a state figure when inserting the door glass raising / lowering regulator in the opening part of an inner panel, (b) is a door after insertion. State diagram when the glass lift regulator is rotated and fixed to the inner panel

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Vehicle door assembly line, 2 ... Door conveyance line, 4 ... Conveyance means, 6 ... Grasping means, 13, 17, 23, 25, 27, 28 ... Motor, 29 ... Operation handle, 61 ... Six-axis interference detection A force sensor 62, a target value calculation unit, 63, a control unit, 64, a position / speed detection means, R, a door glass lifting regulator, W, a door.

Claims (1)

An assist conveyance device that reduces a load on an operator who conveys a conveyance by operating a conveyance unit,
The conveying device includes a slide table that is moved in the horizontal direction (X axis) by a first motor, a lift table that is supported by the slide table and that is moved in the vertical direction (Y axis) by a second motor, and a lift table A horizontal arm that is supported and rotated horizontally (S axis) by a third motor, and a fourth arm for posture control in which output shafts (α), (β), (γ) are always orthogonal to each other. A gripping means supported via the fifth and sixth motors, an operation handle attached to the gripping means to guide a transported object in a desired direction, and a connecting portion between the gripping means and the transporting means An external force detecting means provided for detecting the direction and magnitude of the external force applied to the gripping means, and calculating and calculating the direction and magnitude of the external force detected by the external force detecting means. To assist transport device, characterized in that it comprises a control means for assisting conveyance of the conveyed object to control the first to sixth motor.