JP4561163B2 - Process for producing sweet potato starch and protein flotation promoter - Google Patents
Process for producing sweet potato starch and protein flotation promoter Download PDFInfo
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- JP4561163B2 JP4561163B2 JP2004126265A JP2004126265A JP4561163B2 JP 4561163 B2 JP4561163 B2 JP 4561163B2 JP 2004126265 A JP2004126265 A JP 2004126265A JP 2004126265 A JP2004126265 A JP 2004126265A JP 4561163 B2 JP4561163 B2 JP 4561163B2
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- 235000002678 Ipomoea batatas Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 229920001592 potato starch Polymers 0.000 title claims description 14
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 title claims description 10
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
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- 239000005632 Capric acid (CAS 334-48-5) Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 1
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- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
Description
本発明は、甘藷澱粉の製造方法および蛋白質の浮上促進剤に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for producing sweet potato starch and a protein flotation promoter.
日本に於ける甘藷澱粉の製造方法は、沈殿池による自然沈降法が主体であり、その製造方法の典型的な一例は、洗浄、粗切、磨砕、粗篩、濃縮（遠心分離）、仕上篩、土肉分離、貯槽、再溶解、沈殿槽、乾燥（天日干し）、再水洗などの工程から成る。上記の製造工程は、全てが必須ではなく、例えば、天日干し工程の後の再水洗工程は省略されることもある。 The production method of sweet potato starch in Japan is mainly the natural sedimentation method using a sedimentation basin. Typical examples of the production method are washing, rough cutting, grinding, coarse sieving, concentration (centrifugation), and finishing. It consists of processes such as sieving, soil separation, storage tank, remelting, sedimentation tank, drying (sun drying), and re-rinsing. All of the above manufacturing steps are not essential, and for example, the re-washing step after the sun drying step may be omitted.
土肉分離工程は、水および水溶性物質の上層と、土肉層（蛋白およびポリフェノール等からなる複合体を含む中間層）と、澱粉が沈殿する澱粉層との３層に分離する工程である。そして、この工程は、蛋白質の浮上を促進し、土肉層と澱粉層との分離を速やかに行なわせることが必要な重要工程であり、土肉分離の促進が収率の向上、製造期間の短縮、製品の色調等の品質向上、微生物による発酵抑制につながることが経験的に知られている。 The soil separation step is a step of separating into three layers: an upper layer of water and a water-soluble substance, a soil layer (an intermediate layer including a complex composed of protein and polyphenol), and a starch layer on which starch is precipitated. . This process is an important process that requires the protein to float and promptly separate the soil layer and the starch layer. The promotion of the soil separation improves the yield and the production period. It is empirically known that it leads to shortening, quality improvement of product color tone, etc., and suppression of fermentation by microorganisms.
また、高品質の甘藷澱粉を得るために、洗浄・沈殿分離を行うが、この澱粉を水に再溶解した澱粉乳からは、洗浄の度に可溶性澱粉が排水中に流出する。従って、可溶性澱粉の流出を低減することにより収率の向上を図ることが出来る。このことは、沈殿分離工程のみならず磨砕工程においても同様である。 Moreover, in order to obtain high quality sweet potato starch, washing and precipitation separation are performed. From the starch milk obtained by re-dissolving this starch in water, soluble starch flows into the waste water every time it is washed. Therefore, the yield can be improved by reducing the outflow of soluble starch. This is the same not only in the precipitation separation step but also in the grinding step.
従来、高収率で、高品質の甘藷澱粉を短期間で製造するべく、甘藷の品質改良、磨砕機、篩い、遠心分離機などの機械の改良、石灰によるアルカリ抽出法、強酸添加による発酵抑制などが行われてきたが未だ十分ではない。
本発明は、上記実状に鑑みなされたものであり、その目的は、簡易で安全、しかも安価な方法により、収率を向上し、短期間で高品質の澱粉を製造することが出来る方法を提供することにある。また、本発明の他の目的は、甘藷澱粉の製造方法の土肉分離工程で使用される蛋白質の浮上促進剤を提供することにある。 The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and its purpose is to provide a method capable of improving the yield and producing high-quality starch in a short period of time by a simple, safe and inexpensive method. There is to do. Another object of the present invention is to provide a protein flotation promoter used in the soil separation step of the method for producing sweet potato starch.
すなわち、本発明の第１の要旨は、少なくとも、磨砕工程、土肉分離工程、沈殿分離工程を包含する甘藷澱粉の製造方法において、少なくとも、上記の何れか１種の工程を、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル及び／又はポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステルの存在下に行なうことを特徴とする甘藷澱粉の製造方法に存する。 That is, the first gist of the present invention is that at least any one of the above steps is performed in a method for producing sweet potato starch including at least a grinding step, a soil separation step, and a precipitation separation step. It exists in the manufacturing method of a sweet potato starch characterized by performing in presence of ester and / or polyglycerol fatty acid ester.
そして、本発明の第２の要旨は、甘藷澱粉の製造方法の土肉分離工程で使用される蛋白質の浮上促進剤であって、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル及び／又はポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステルから成ることを特徴とする上記の浮上促進剤に存する。 And the second gist of the present invention is a protein flotation promoter used in the soil separation step of the method for producing sweet potato starch, comprising sucrose fatty acid ester and / or polyglycerin fatty acid ester. It exists in said floating accelerator.
本発明によれば、甘藷澱粉の製造過程における浮遊澱粉の捕捉により、磨砕乳の処理能力を向上させて製品澱粉の収率を向上させることが出来るだけでなく、品質（白度）の向上、貯槽中の微生物による発酵の抑制、乾燥時の微粒子澱粉の飛散防止なども達成することが出来、大型の設備を使用せずとも大幅な合理化が可能となる。 According to the present invention, the capture of floating starch in the process of producing sweet potato starch not only can improve the throughput of ground milk and improve the yield of product starch, but also improve the quality (whiteness). In addition, it is possible to achieve suppression of fermentation by microorganisms in the storage tank, prevention of scattering of fine-particle starch during drying, etc., and significant rationalization is possible without using a large facility.
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。本発明の方法は、基本的には、従来公知の方法と同じであり、例えば、洗浄、粗切、磨砕、粗篩、濃縮（遠心分離）、仕上篩、土肉分離、貯槽、再溶解、沈殿槽、乾燥（天日干し）、再水洗などの工程から成る。そして、原料の甘藷としては、澱粉化が高い「白豊」いも等が好適に使用される。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. The method of the present invention is basically the same as a conventionally known method, for example, washing, rough cutting, grinding, rough sieving, concentration (centrifugation), finishing sieving, soil separation, storage tank, redissolution , Settling tank, drying (sun drying), re-washing and so on. As the raw sweet candy, “Shiraho” potatoes, etc., which are highly starched, are preferably used.
本発明の製造方法は、上記の磨砕工程、土肉分離工程、沈殿分離工程の何れか１種の工程を、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル及び／又はポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステルの存在下に行なうことを特徴とする。 The production method of the present invention is characterized in that any one of the above-mentioned grinding step, soil separation step and precipitation separation step is performed in the presence of sucrose fatty acid ester and / or polyglycerin fatty acid ester. To do.
上記のショ糖脂肪酸エステル及び／又はポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステルにおける構成脂肪酸としては、炭素数が６〜２２の飽和または不飽和脂肪酸が挙げられ、その具体例としては、カプロン酸、カプリル酸、カプリン酸、ラウリン酸、ミリスチン酸、パルミチン酸、ステアリン酸、ベヘニン酸などが挙げられる。特に炭素数１２〜１８の飽和脂肪酸が好ましい。ポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステルの場合、構成グリセリンの平均重合度は通常２〜２０である。また、上記のショ糖脂肪酸エステル及び／又はポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステルにおけるＨＬＢ値は、水系での処理のし易さから、通常３以上、好ましくは５〜１６である。 Examples of the constituent fatty acid in the sucrose fatty acid ester and / or polyglycerin fatty acid ester include saturated or unsaturated fatty acids having 6 to 22 carbon atoms. Specific examples thereof include caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, Examples thereof include lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and behenic acid. A saturated fatty acid having 12 to 18 carbon atoms is particularly preferable. In the case of polyglycerol fatty acid esters, the average degree of polymerization of the constituent glycerol is usually 2-20. Moreover, the HLB value in said sucrose fatty acid ester and / or polyglycerol fatty acid ester is 3 or more normally from the ease of the process by an aqueous system, Preferably it is 5-16.
本発明においては、少なくとも土肉分離工程をショ糖脂肪酸エステル及び／又はポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステルの存在下に行なうことが推奨される。 In the present invention, it is recommended to perform at least the soil separation step in the presence of sucrose fatty acid ester and / or polyglycerin fatty acid ester.
すなわち、土肉分離工程は、攪拌後自然放置することにより行われるが、土肉と澱粉の分離に通常４０分から２時間以上、天日乾燥向けの場合は３０〜５０時間もの長時間を要し、しかも、十分な分離は難しく、数回の洗浄（脱泡）が必要である。ところが、本発明の方法によれば、後記の実施例に示す通り、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル及び／又はポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステルによる蛋白質の浮上促進剤としての効果により、土肉層と澱粉層との分離を速やかに行なわせることが出来る。 That is, the soil separation process is carried out by leaving it to stand naturally after stirring, but it usually takes 40 to 2 hours or more for separation of the soil and starch, and 30 to 50 hours for sun drying. Moreover, sufficient separation is difficult, and several washings (defoaming) are necessary. However, according to the method of the present invention, as shown in the examples below, the soil layer and the starch layer are separated by the effect as a protein levitation promoter by sucrose fatty acid ester and / or polyglycerin fatty acid ester. It can be done promptly.
本発明において、土肉分離工程の澱粉乳中の澱粉の含量は通常１８度ボーメ（２７〜２８ｇ／１００ｍｌ）、土肉層と澱粉層の割合は、通常、土肉層０．２〜１重量％、澱粉層９９重量％以上である。土肉分離工程でのショ糖脂肪酸エステル及び／又はポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステルの添加量は、全体に対する値として、通常０．００１〜５重量％、好ましくは０．０５〜１重量％である。蛋白質の浮上促進剤としてのショ糖脂肪酸エステル及び／又はポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステルの添加により、土肉層と澱粉層との分離が著しく促進され、短時間で沈殿澱粉層が得られ、容易に次の工程に進むことが出来る。同様に、リサイクルの回数と時間も短縮でき大幅に工程時間を短縮できる。 In the present invention, the starch content in the starch milk in the soil separation step is usually 18 ° Baume (27-28 g / 100 ml), and the ratio of the soil layer to the starch layer is usually 0.2-1 weight by weight. %, And the starch layer is 99% by weight or more. The amount of sucrose fatty acid ester and / or polyglycerin fatty acid ester added in the soil separation step is usually 0.001 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.05 to 1% by weight as a value relative to the whole. Addition of sucrose fatty acid ester and / or polyglycerin fatty acid ester as a protein levitation promoter significantly promoted separation of the soil layer and starch layer, and a precipitated starch layer was obtained in a short time. You can proceed to the process. Similarly, the number and time of recycling can be shortened, and the process time can be greatly shortened.
なお、土肉は黒色、澱粉は白色を有するので、両者が効率よく分離され、濃縮されるほど次の様な傾向を示す。 In addition, since soil has black and starch has white, both tend to be as follows as the two are efficiently separated and concentrated.
また、本発明においては、次の様な効果が奏せられる。すなわち、澱粉粒子は、洗浄処理を含む水処理が繰り返されると細かくなり、乾燥時に飛散し易くなって収率の低下につながるが、本発明によって得られた澱粉の粒子は通常の場合よりも大きいため収率の低下を防ぐことが出来る。 In the present invention, the following effects can be obtained. That is, the starch particles become finer when water treatment including washing treatment is repeated, and the starch particles are likely to be scattered during drying, leading to a decrease in yield, but the starch particles obtained by the present invention are larger than usual. Therefore, a decrease in yield can be prevented.
更に、甘藷澱粉中のショ糖、ブドウ糖、果糖などの水溶性糖分は、これが沈殿池中で発酵し悪臭の原因となるが、上記の様に澱粉粒子は大きくなると、表面積の関係であろうか、微生物による発酵が抑制される。更に、本発明によれば、土肉分離された澱粉乳の中の水系へ溶解流出しようとする可溶性澱粉を削減、回収することが出来る点でも有利となる。 Furthermore, water-soluble sugars such as sucrose, glucose, and fructose in sweet potato starch are fermented in the sedimentation basin and cause malodor, but if the starch particles become large as described above, is it related to the surface area? Fermentation by microorganisms is suppressed. Furthermore, according to the present invention, it is advantageous in that it is possible to reduce and recover soluble starch that is about to dissolve and flow out into the aqueous system in starch milk separated from soil.
天日乾燥向け等の工程における再溶解時に、上記のショ糖脂肪酸エステル及び／又はポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステルを使用することにより、同様に水系へ溶解流出しようとする可溶性澱粉を削減、回収することが出来る。再溶解時の澱粉乳の固形分（澱粉）濃度は、通常１８度ボーメ（２２〜２８ｇ／１００ｍｌ）であり、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル及び／又はポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステルの添加量は、全体に対する値として、通常０．０００１〜５重量％、好ましくは０．０５〜１重量％である。 By using the above sucrose fatty acid ester and / or polyglycerin fatty acid ester at the time of re-dissolution in a process such as sun drying, soluble starch that is about to dissolve and flow out into the aqueous system can be reduced and recovered. . The solid content (starch) concentration of starch milk at the time of re-dissolution is usually 18 degrees Baume (22-28 g / 100 ml), and the addition amount of sucrose fatty acid ester and / or polyglycerin fatty acid ester is a value relative to the whole, Usually 0.0001 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.05 to 1% by weight.
以下、本発明を実施例により更に詳細に説明するが、本発明は、その要旨を 超えない限り、以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。なお、以下の実施例は、本発明の蛋白質の浮上促進剤の効果を確認するために行なった、土肉分離工程の試験例である。また、試験には表２に示す乳化剤を使用した。 EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention still in detail, this invention is not limited to a following example, unless the summary is exceeded. The following examples are test examples of the soil separation process performed to confirm the effect of the protein flotation promoter of the present invention. Moreover, the emulsifier shown in Table 2 was used for the test.
試験例１：
甘藷（「白豊」いも）１，０００ｋｇを原料として、洗浄、粗切、磨砕、粗篩（１〜３次）、濃縮（遠心分離）、仕上篩の工程を経た澱粉乳を沈殿槽へ移した。この沈殿槽に移送直後の均一な澱粉乳を採取し、容量２Lの複数のガラス製ビーカーに分注した。これらの試料に所定量の乳化剤を添加し、３０秒攪拌後１５分間静置し、土肉層と澱粉層との分離速度およびそれらの状態を、表３に示す基準で目視で観察した。結果を表４に示す。
Test Example 1:
Starch milk that has undergone washing, rough cutting, grinding, coarse sieving (1st to 3rd order), concentration (centrifugation), and finishing sieving using 1,000 kg of sweet potato ("Hakutoyo" potato) as a raw material to the settling tank Moved. Uniform starch milk immediately after transfer was collected in this settling tank and dispensed into a plurality of glass beakers with a capacity of 2 L. A predetermined amount of an emulsifier was added to these samples, and the mixture was allowed to stand for 15 minutes after stirring for 30 seconds. The separation rate of the soil layer and the starch layer and their state were visually observed based on the criteria shown in Table 3. The results are shown in Table 4.
試験例２：
試験例１と同じ澱粉乳に各種の乳化剤を０．５重量％添加し、試験例１と同様に評価した結果を表５に示す。
Test example 2:
Table 5 shows the results obtained by adding 0.5% by weight of various emulsifiers to the same starch milk as in Test Example 1 and evaluating in the same manner as in Test Example 1.
Claims (5)
The levitation promoter according to claim 4 , wherein the sucrose fatty acid ester and / or polyglycerol fatty acid ester has an HLB of 3 or more.
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| JPS4966849A (en) * | 1972-10-25 | 1974-06-28 | ||
| JPS51115933A (en) * | 1975-04-03 | 1976-10-13 | Nihon Nosan Kogyo | Process for preparing chemically treated corn starch |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPS4966849A (en) * | 1972-10-25 | 1974-06-28 | ||
| JPS51115933A (en) * | 1975-04-03 | 1976-10-13 | Nihon Nosan Kogyo | Process for preparing chemically treated corn starch |
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