JP4560801B2 - Visual inspection chart - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a visual inspection chart used for inspecting visual field disorders, optical dysfunction, color vision abnormalities, etc. appearing in the case of eye diseases such as the retina and optic nerve or intracranial diseases, The present invention relates to an inspection chart that can be easily detected and observed.

  Visual examinations are important not only for ophthalmology for diagnosing diseases such as the retina and optic nerve, but also for neurology and brain surgery for diagnosing intracranial diseases. Different types of inspection devices and inspection tables are used.

  However, in the conventional inspection method using a device or inspection table, the number of items that can be inspected with one device or inspection table is limited to one type. In some cases, since it is necessary to inspect using a plurality of devices and inspection tables, it takes time and labor, and it is troublesome for the subject and requires fatigue and requires fatigue.

  Moreover, when a conventional inspection device or inspection table is used, the subject himself / herself cannot recognize the abnormal site, and it is difficult to grasp his / her symptoms.

  In addition, since the conventional inspection device is a stationary large device, it is difficult to carry, and when using an inspection device that uses a target as light, the inspection device is a semi-dark room. Needed space and environment. Therefore, since the test subject cannot go to the place where the test apparatus is installed and keep a predetermined posture, the test cannot be performed. Therefore, the patient who cannot get up is very difficult to receive the test.

  In addition, patients who are unaware of the initial symptoms of each disease that causes visual impairment will have their disease progressed until the symptoms develop, until they see a medical institution and are examined by an ophthalmologist. There was a problem that early detection of the disease was difficult because it was not known by myself.

  The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problems, and provides an inspection chart capable of simultaneously and easily performing a visual inspection of a plurality of items.

  Therefore, the present invention arranges a plurality of indicators composed of a combination of at least two kinds of colors at predetermined positions corresponding to the examination site in the field of view, and combinations or shapes of different colors for each indicator position. The chart for visual inspection which can perform the visual inspection in detail according to each inspection part by examining whether or not can be discriminated.

  Further, by making the visual target a circular or square visual target, it is possible to easily confirm visual anomalies by examining whether the shape or outline of the straight line or curve can be correctly recognized. Furthermore, by using a target of a combination of two or more colors with different hues, or by making a complementary color relationship, the target is easy to visually recognize, and by examining whether the coloring status can be correctly visually confirmed, The presence or absence of color blindness can also be examined. And by examining whether this can be correctly viewed as a circular or rectangular target that is divided into four by a checkered pattern with a combination of two different colors from the background color or a striped pattern with two different colors, The presence or absence of visual field disturbance and metastasis can be inspected, and by changing the direction of the striped pattern, it becomes possible to cope with the direction of astigmatism.

  Furthermore, by forming the striped pattern by shifting from one color to the other in a sine wave manner, it becomes easy to confirm the pathological blind spot (where sensitivity is lowered) of the macula.

  And, around a fixation target that is easily visible, consisting of a target having a color different from the color of the circular target or the rectangular target, or a target having a thicker contour than other contours (lattice, etc.) This is a visual inspection chart in which a lattice target in which the circular target or the rectangular target is displayed in a lattice composed of lattice stripes arranged in parallel in the vertical and horizontal directions. Check whether the inspection chart is missing or disappeared, whether the lattice of the lattice target is distorted and not visible, and whether the striped pattern and checkered pattern of the target are correctly visible. In addition, it is possible to examine the presence or absence of paracentric visual field disorders and metastases.

  In addition, a plurality of squares made of the striped pattern or the checkered pattern divided into four are arranged in a checkered pattern in a band-like target in the vertical and horizontal directions around the center of the visual inspection chart. By arranging them in parallel, visual field abnormalities in the Bjerrum region can be found. In addition, in the checkered pattern square divided into four, it is possible to identify even eyes with low sensitivity by using color identification instead of a striped pattern.

  Furthermore, the upper and lower sides or the left and right ends of the visual inspection chart are “day” shapes colored in an easily visible color different from the background color, and the inside thereof is a hollow figure colored with the same color as the background color. “0” or more are arranged in parallel in the vertical or horizontal direction, or are colored in an easily visible color different from the background color on the top and bottom or left and right ends of the visual inspection chart. The shape and color changes by arranging at least two parallel circular targets consisting of hollow figures that are hollow and colored in the same color as the background color in the vertical or horizontal direction. The resolution can be easily examined according to the disease site and the progress of the symptom by using a plurality of visual targets to which is added. These visual targets can also be used to detect visual field defects, half-blindness, and nasal staircases in glaucoma.

  In addition, visual abnormalities in both the left and right eyes can be accurately compared by arranging the indicators symmetrically.

  The visual inspection chart according to the present invention has a plurality of visual targets arranged for the purpose of diagnosing different symptoms, and is arranged in one chart. Since the time is short and the subject is less fatigued, visual inspection can be easily performed even in subjects in any state.

  In addition, by arranging a plurality of targets of different colors and shapes at predetermined positions, it is clear whether or not the target is visible, and the subject is checked by checking the position and shape of each target in advance. The patient can recognize and recognize an abnormal site at the time of examination. In addition, since expert knowledge and technology skilled in the examiner are not required, the examination can be performed easily and in detail not only in the ophthalmology but also in other medical departments and places other than medical institutions.

  Furthermore, since the chart for visual inspection of the present invention can be manufactured easily and at a low price, it can be distributed and installed in various places, so that anyone can easily be inspected and cause visual impairment. It is also useful for early detection and follow-up of brain diseases.

  In addition, because it is small and lightweight, it can be examined without changing the posture of the subject by adjusting the position of the examiner by lifting the examination table. Even patients can easily be examined.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIGS. 1 and 2 show a first preferred embodiment of the present invention. A visual inspection chart 1 comprising an inspection plate 11 is a synthetic resin plate and a plate surface 10 of a mount having a size of about A3 size. The inspection table 1A is displayed on a yellow background.

  The inspection table 1A is composed of a lattice 32 composed of black lattice stripes 31 displayed so that square lattices are arranged in the vertical and horizontal directions, and a circular target arranged on the inner side thereof and colored in a vertical stripe pattern in various colors. 4 is composed of a lattice target 3. The central grid 310 is surrounded by a thicker line than the other grid stripes, and the central circular index displayed therein is the fixation target 40 that fixes the line of sight at a fixed position. The fixation target 40 may be obtained by coloring a circular target in the central lattice 310 with a conspicuous hue such as red different from the other circular targets 4.

  The circular index 4 shown in an enlarged manner in FIG. 2 is colored in a vertically striped pattern, for example, one that is colored with different colors such as hue and shading, and two colors of yellow that is the same as the background and a hue that is different from the background (for example, blue) Further, each circular index 4 is used by changing the color and shading, and each vertical stripe pattern is a sinusoidal wave from one color to the other color. Something with a gradation is used so that the color shifts to.

  Then, the examiner confirms whether or not the subject can visually recognize the central circular target that is the fixation target 40 with one eye from the front, for example, macular disease such as macular degeneration or optic nerve such as optic atrophy. By examining the presence or absence of a central visual field defect caused by a disease, and examining whether or not the entire examination table 1A can be viewed without interruption, it is possible to examine the presence and type of visual field defects or half-blindness. . At the same time, by checking whether the checkered pattern of the lattice target 3 is not distorted or not, the presence or absence of metastasis due to macular disease is inspected, and the color difference or vertical stripes of the circular indicator 4 colored in different colors, respectively. By examining whether or not the presence or absence of a pattern can be visually recognized, it is possible to inspect the presence and type of color vision abnormality.

  Since each of the above inspection tables 1A is arranged symmetrically with respect to the central circular target that is the fixation target 40, both the left and right eyes can be inspected in the same manner, and the presence or absence of half-blindness is inspected can do. In addition, the upper and lower visual fields can be inspected under the same conditions by being arranged vertically symmetrically.

  The visual inspection procedure using the visual inspection chart 1 will be described below.

  First, the subject looks at the entire inspection chart 1 or the instructions thereof with both eyes in advance, and confirms the arrangement and conditions of each visual target. Then, at an appropriate distance from the plate surface 10, for example, about 40 cm away, one eye is covered with a dedicated eye patch or palm and shielded, and the center fixation target 40 is observed from the front in the vertical direction with the eye on the examination side. Check if the central grid 310 and the circular target in it look right.

  Next, it is confirmed whether or not there is any place where the lattice target 3 is distorted, distorted, or disappeared, or the circular target 4 is not disappeared. In addition, it is confirmed whether the coloring of the circular target 4 and the vertical stripe pattern can be visually recognized correctly, whether there are any disappearances, and the like. In this way, it is possible to examine the presence or absence and symptoms of color vision abnormalities such as central and side-centered visual field impairments, semi-blindness, metastasis, congenital red-green abnormalities, or acquired blue-yellow abnormalities due to optic nerve disorders or the like. During the examination, the subject always takes care not to take his eyes off the central fixation target 40 and take care that the examination is performed at the correct position. If there is an examiner, speak them constantly during the examination to alert the subject's eye position.

  FIG. 3 shows a second preferred embodiment of the present invention. Plaid stripes 31 by grid target 3 arranged in the square of visual inspection chart 1 in FIG. 1 are arranged in the shape of a humanoid robot. FIG. 2 shows a visual inspection chart 2 in which targets of various colors and shapes are arranged therearound.

  The shape, color, pattern, and the like of each lattice 32 and the circular target 4 therein are the same as those in FIG. 1. The circular target in the central lattice 32 a is colored with a conspicuous hue such as red, and the fixation target 41. It is said. The other circular targets 4 have the same hue as the background color, such as yellow and blue, the same as the background. In addition, the inspection for the presence or absence of visual impairment or half-blindness in the center and the periphery, and the inspection for the presence or absence of dystropia or color vision abnormality and its symptoms can be performed in the same manner as the visual inspection chart 1 in FIG.

  Further, around the lattice target 3, a strip-shaped target 5 composed of a plurality of blocks in which squares composed of a plurality of striped patterns are arranged in two rows of checkered patterns and arranged in a strip shape is arranged. Is a visual target for finding a visual abnormality in the Bjerrum region. The color of each square stripe pattern constituting the strip-shaped visual target 5 is, for example, two kinds of color tones in which the inner row is a light vertical stripe pattern, the outer row is a dark horizontal stripe pattern, and brightness is compared with the same hue, etc. Each striped pattern may have a gradation similar to the vertical striped pattern of the circular target 4.

  Further, near the outer periphery of the printing plate 10, a parallel visual target 7 and a large square visual target 8 each having a larger figure than the central visual targets are displayed. The parallel optotype 7 includes a parallel circular optotype 71 that is a “0” -shaped hollow ellipse disposed at both left and right ends of the plate surface 10 with the fixation target 41 as the center, and “day” disposed at both upper and lower ends. A plurality of letter-shaped parallel square targets 72 are displayed in parallel. These are displayed using colors that are easily visible on a yellow background, such as red or blue, and the hue is changed depending on the position or shape of the parallel visual target 7. At the four corners of the printing plate 10, large square targets 8 obtained by cutting out shooting star figures 82 and 83 from a black large square 81 (displayed with a yellow background color) are displayed.

  The parallel visual target 7 and the large square visual target 8 are for inspecting the vision of the peripheral portion of the visual field where the retinal sensitivity is low. Mainly, two figures arranged at a predetermined distance are connected to each other. This is a visual target for inspecting the resolution, such as whether it is visible or whether a hollow part of a hollow figure can be crushed. These are arranged by changing the size, shape, and color at various positions on the periphery of the chart, so that each subject can find a visual field loss and half-blindness in a wide area, and the discovery of the nasal stairs in glaucoma. Corresponding detailed inspection is possible.

  Furthermore, a blind spot target 6 formed by combining a plurality of black squares is displayed at an appropriate position symmetrical about the fixation target 41. This blind spot target 6 is arranged as a Marriott blind spot that is invisible when the fixation target 41 is watched from the front with one eye and the distance between the printing plate 10 and the eye becomes, for example, 40 cm. The position of the eye is determined as the position during visual inspection. The blind spot visual target 6 has a different color from other visual targets so that it can be clearly determined whether the visual recognition is possible, and is usually black so that it can be used regardless of the presence or absence of color blindness. The shape is not limited to a square checkered pattern as shown in FIG.

  In order to examine whether or not the area of the blind spot of the Marriott is enlarged due to a optic nerve disease or a papillary disease such as a congested nipple, there is an appropriate interval from the blind spot target 6 around the blind spot target 6. A plurality of blind spot peripheral targets 62 each composed of, for example, two squares are displayed on the top, bottom, left, and right. Since each of the above-mentioned visual targets is arranged symmetrically with respect to the fixation target 41, the left and right eyes can be inspected in the same manner, and the presence or absence of half-blindness can be inspected. Further, the respective visual targets are arranged substantially symmetrically in the vertical direction, and the visual inspection of the upper side and the lower side can be inspected under the same conditions as in the visual inspection chart 1 of FIG.

  It is preferable that all the above-mentioned visual targets are displayed in a color that is complementary to the hue of the background or a dark color that has a different hue so that it can be easily distinguished from the yellow background of the plate 10. Then, the hue is changed depending on the position and shape of the visual target so as to easily determine whether the visual recognition is possible for each visual target.

  Hereinafter, a procedure of visual inspection using the visual inspection chart 2 of FIG. 3 will be described.

  First, the subject looks at the entire visual inspection chart 2 with both eyes in advance and confirms the shape and arrangement of each visual target. After that, as a preliminary inspection, one eye is covered with a dedicated eye patch or palm at a position spaced from the printing plate 10 at an appropriate interval, for example, a little more than 40 cm, and the fixation target 41 is viewed from the front with the eye on the inspection side. Gaze at the vertical direction and check whether the large rectangular targets 8 at the four corners look the same without moving the eyes.

  Next, whether the vertical stripe pattern of the fixation target 41 has not disappeared, the lattice stripes 31 of the lattice target 3 have not been distorted, kneaded, or disappeared, or the head and limbs of the lattice target 3 arranged in a robot shape. It is confirmed whether or not the portion or the like is visible without missing, and whether or not the circular target 4 has disappeared or the vertical stripe pattern has disappeared. These are also performed mainly to examine the presence or absence of color vision abnormalities due to central visual field disorders or optic dysfunction due to macular diseases or the like, and optic nerve diseases.

  Next, the position at which the blind spot target 6 disappears is detected while keeping the fixation target 41 gazing. The blind spot visual target 6 is usually arranged so as to disappear at a position 40 cm away from the printing plate 10, and the subsequent visual inspection is performed from that position, but the distance between the printing plate 10 and the eye changes slowly around 40 cm. If the blind spot 6 does not disappear even if you let it go, measure with a ruler and keep a distance of 40 cm. When the blind spot target 6 disappears, whether or not the blind spot peripheral target 62 arranged around the blind spot target 6 is all visible from the position is checked, and it is inspected whether the area of the Marriott blind spot is not enlarged. .

  Then, check whether the checkered strip-shaped target 5 arranged around the lattice target 3 is correctly displayed as a checkered pattern, the color of the square in the same row is not changed, or whether the striped pattern is displayed correctly. Check.

  Thereafter, the peripheral visual field is inspected by using each visual target arranged on the outer peripheral portion of the printing plate 10. First, the star 82 and the band 83 of the large square target 8 displayed by cutting out the shape of the shooting star in the black squares 81 at the four corners appear to be separated or all the large targets 8 at the four corners look the same. Or the black square 81 is distorted and cannot be seen, and then the “day” -shaped parallel square target 72 parallel to the upper and lower ends and the “0” -shaped parallel circular target 71 parallel to the left and right are Each parallel target 7 confirms whether the same figure appears to be in parallel or is missing or distorted.

  During this time, the subject should always take care not to take his eyes off the fixation target 41 and make sure that the inspection is performed at the correct position while confirming that the blind spot target 6 cannot be seen. If there is an examiner, speak them constantly during the examination so as to call attention to the eye position of the subject.

  FIG. 4 shows a third preferred embodiment of the present invention. This is because the lattice target 3 in the visual inspection chart of FIG. 3 is divided into four by a checkered pattern by a combination of two kinds of colors having different hues, for example, instead of the circular target 4 arranged therein. The square target 4b is enlarged from the strip target 5b in which a plurality of striped patterns arranged around the lattice target 3 are arranged in a checkered pattern. A visual inspection chart 2B is shown in which the enlarged square visual target 4c is a band-shaped visual target 5b arranged in a checkered pattern. “This chart is particularly considered to detect visual field disturbance due to glaucoma and macular degeneration dark spots. Fixation in this visual inspection chart 2B. The target 42 is a circular target colored in a conspicuous color such as red arranged in the lattice target 3b in the center of the robot.

  The square visual target 4b is formed by dividing the square into four by a checkered pattern (patch pattern) based on a combination of two types of colors different from yellow as the background color. The two types of colors have different hues, for example, and the checkerboard pattern can be discriminated by normal eyes. These two types of colors can be easily discriminated as having complementary colors such as orange and green even though the lightness is the same. The square visual target 4b can be discriminated by color identification even by a subject whose sensitivity is lower than that of the circular visual target 4 in which the stripe pattern forms a circle.

  Further, a band-like visual target 5b composed of an enlarged rectangular visual target 4c arranged around the lattice target 3b is configured by enlarging the rectangular visual target 4b, and is compared with the striped rectangular visual target shown in FIG. It is easier to judge. The other targets in the visual inspection chart 2B are the same as those in the visual inspection chart 2 in FIG. 3, and the visual inspection procedure and method are also the same.

  In addition, the visual field abnormality detection rate of glaucoma using the visual inspection chart 2B in the present embodiment is a glaucoma visual field progress classification according to the Auhlhorn-Greve modified method of Humphrey perimeter, and is 50% or more in Stage I, II, III 80 to 90%, and IV and V had a detection rate of 100% or more. A screening test method for glaucoma has been reported so far, but there is no method that shows a detection rate as high as this chart in Stage I and II.

  FIG. 5 shows a fourth preferred embodiment of the present invention, in which a circular target 4 arranged in a lattice target 3 is arranged around the inspection table 1A of the visual inspection chart 1 of FIG. 1 shows a visual inspection chart 1B in which enlarged circular targets 4a are arranged vertically and horizontally. The enlarged circular target 4a is arranged so that even a subject whose visual acuity is reduced and the circular target in the lattice target 3 cannot be discriminated or whose peripheral area of the visual field is reduced can be examined. is there. The inspection procedure and inspection method in this chart are the same as those in the visual inspection chart 1 of FIG. 1 except for the enlarged circular target 4a.

  FIG. 6 shows a visual inspection chart 2C in which visual targets whose inspection is mainly inspected are extracted from the visual inspection charts in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 and are arranged. The purpose is to facilitate inspection. A black cross-shaped fixation target 43 is arranged in the center of the chart. Since this chart is symmetrical in the vertical and horizontal directions, not only can the resolution be inspected, but also the visual difference and half-blindness of both eyes can be inspected.

  FIG. 7 shows a visual inspection chart 2D in which the strip target 5b, the Marriott blind spot target 6, and the peripheral blind target 62 are extracted from the visual inspection chart 2B in FIG. 4 and arranged. The purpose of this study is to facilitate examinations in cases where judgment is reduced. Further, a black cross-shaped fixation target 43 is arranged in the center as in FIG. Using this chart, a subject with reduced visual acuity or a subject with reduced judgment that cannot check the checkerboard pattern of the rectangular target 4b in the lattice target 3b in the visual inspection chart 2B is blind-sighted. While maintaining the correct distance between the visual inspection chart and the eye at the target 6, the striped target 5b composed of the enlarged rectangular target 4b can be easily seen in the visual inspection chart 2D that is easy to see as a whole and simplified. It has become. Although the best configuration for carrying out the present invention has been disclosed in the above description, the shape and arrangement of each optotype are not limited to the forms shown in the drawings, and Within the scope of the technical idea, a target with a clear tone and shape may be arranged according to each inspection purpose.

It is a front view which shows the 1st preferable embodiment of this invention. FIG. 2 is an enlarged front view of the visual inspection chart 1 of FIG. 1. It is a front view which shows the 2nd preferable embodiment of this invention. It is a front view which shows the 3rd preferable embodiment of this invention. It is a front view which shows the 4th preferable embodiment of this invention. It is a front view which shows the 5th preferable embodiment of this invention. It is a front view which shows the 6th preferable embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

1,1B, 2,2B, 2C, 2D Visual inspection chart, 3,3b grid target, 31 grid stripes, 32 grids, 4 circular target, 4a enlarged circular target, 4b rectangular target, 4c enlarged rectangular target , 40, 41, 42, 43 Fixation target, 5, 5b Banded target, 6 Blind target, 62 Peripheral blind target, 7 Parallel target, 71 Parallel circular target, 72 Parallel rectangular target, 8 Large square Visual target, 81 square, 82 stars, 83 bands, 10 plates, 11 inspection plate

Claims (1)

A plurality of circular indicators or square indicators composed of a combination of at least two kinds of colors are arranged at predetermined positions corresponding to the examination site in the visual field, and a target or other color having a color different from the color of the circular indicator or square indicator The circular target or square target is displayed in a grid consisting of grid stripes arranged in parallel vertically and horizontally around the fixed target consisting of a target having a thicker outline than the target. The circular index or the rectangular index arranged inside the grid target and arranged in parallel with the grid index vertically and horizontally, A set of blind spot targets for measuring the blind spot of a Marriott in which one or more black figures are combined and arranged symmetrically, and the background color arranged symmetrically around the blind spot target is different from the background color. color In addition, a blind spot peripheral target composed of a plurality of figures colored in a color that is easily visible on the background color, and a black square larger than the other single circular target and rectangular target at the four corners. And a large rectangular target in which two figures colored with a background color or a high brightness color are arranged with a predetermined interval are printed and arranged . chart.

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