JP4555754B2 - Soil-based water-retaining pavement material and pavement method for soil-based water-retaining pavement surface - Google Patents
Soil-based water-retaining pavement material and pavement method for soil-based water-retaining pavement surface Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、土系保水性舗装材および土系保水性舗装面の舗装方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a soil-based water-retaining pavement material and a pavement method for a soil-based water-retaining pavement surface.
従来からヒートアイランド現象を緩和するために、舗装の空隙に保水性の大きい特殊セメントスラリーを充填して、保持された水分が蒸発する際の気化熱によって路面温度を低減する道路舗装が実施されている。一方、歩道やクラウンド等では、舗装面に一定の水分を含み、蒸発により周囲の熱気を奪い地面の温度の上昇を抑制できる土系舗装が実施される場合が多い（特許文献１参照）。
しかしながら、土系舗装の場合においては、舗装資材が備える保水能力に応じた水分の吸収・蒸発機能により路面温度の低減効果を発揮するものの、舗装資材が備える許容含水率を超えた水分量が、例えば、降雨や大量散水等により供給された場合には泥濘化が発生する一方、晴天が続いて舗装資材が乾燥した場合には土埃が発生する不具合があった。従来では、前者の土舗装の泥濘化を防止するための対策は殆どなく、また、後者の土埃防止策として、塩化ナトリウムや塩化カルシウム等が大量に舗装表面に撒くことが実施されているが、一度の降雨で殆ど流失するため、防塵効果が非常に短いものであった。 However, in the case of soil-based pavement, although it exhibits the effect of reducing the road surface temperature by the moisture absorption / evaporation function according to the water retention capacity of the pavement material, the amount of water exceeding the allowable moisture content of the pavement material is For example, mudification occurs when supplied due to rainfall, large amounts of water, etc., but there is a problem that dust is generated when the pavement material dries after a fine weather. Conventionally, there are few measures for preventing the former soil pavement from becoming muddy, and as a measure for preventing the latter dirt, a large amount of sodium chloride, calcium chloride, etc. has been applied to the pavement surface. Dust-proof effect was very short because it was almost washed away by one rain.
そこで本発明は、上記問題点に鑑みてなされたもので、泥濘化および土埃の発生を抑制するに好適な土系保水性舗装材および土系保水性舗装面の舗装方法を提供することを目的とする。 Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide a soil-based water-retaining pavement material and a pavement method for a soil-based water-retaining pavement surface that are suitable for suppressing mudification and generation of dirt. And
第１の発明は、土系保水性舗装材であり、浄水場での浄水処理過程で得られる浄水発生土と、塩化マグネシウム、塩化カルシウム、塩化ナトリウムまたはこれらの酢酸化合物の中から少なくとも一種以上の飽和水溶液に浸漬した木質保水材および/または多孔質保水材と、を混合して構成することを特徴とする。 1st invention is a soil-type water-retaining pavement material, At least 1 or more types from the water purification generation | occurrence | production soil obtained in the water purification process in a water purification plant, and magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium chloride, or these acetic acid compounds a wooden water-retaining material and / or porous water-retaining material was immersed in a saturated aqueous solution, characterized in that it constituted by mixing.
第２の発明は、第１の発明において、前記土系保水性舗装材は、前記浄水発生土の容積１００に対し、木質保水材および／または多孔質保水材を３０〜３００の割合で混合してなることを特徴とする。
In a second aspect based on the first aspect, the soil-based water-retaining pavement material is mixed with a wooden water retention material and / or a porous water retention material at a ratio of 30 to 300 with respect to the
第３の発明は、前記木質保水材および／または多孔質保水材は、容積に対する保水率が３０［％］以上を有することを特徴とする。 According to a third aspect of the present invention, the wood water-retaining material and / or the porous water-retaining material has a water retention rate with respect to volume of 30 [%] or more.
第４の発明は、前記木質保水材は、オガ屑、クラフト繊維、紙屑、ペーパースラッジ、バーク材、樹皮繊維のいずれかであることを特徴とする。 The fourth invention is characterized in that the woody water retention material is any one of sawdust, craft fiber, paper waste, paper sludge, bark material, and bark fiber.
第５の発明は、前記多孔質保水材は、水砕スラッグ、ゼオライト、多孔質セラミックスの粉砕品、ペーパースラッジ焼却灰のいずれかであることを特徴とする。 The fifth invention is characterized in that the porous water retention material is any one of granulated slug, zeolite, a pulverized product of porous ceramics, and paper sludge incinerated ash.
第６の発明は、土系保水性舗装面の舗装方法であり、浄水場での浄水処理過程で得られる浄水発生土と、塩化マグネシウム、塩化カルシウム、塩化ナトリウムまたはこれらの酢酸化合物の中から少なくとも一種以上の飽和水溶液に浸漬した木質保水材および/または多孔質保水材と、を混合して土系保水性舗装材とし、前記土系保水性舗装材を容積で１０〜５０［％］の割合で土舗装材と混合して敷均し、転圧して舗装面を形成することを特徴とする。 6th invention is the pavement method of a soil-type water-retaining pavement surface, and is a water purification generation | occurrence | production soil obtained in the water purification process in a water purification plant, and at least from magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium chloride, or these acetic acid compounds. Mixing a wooden water-retaining material and / or a porous water-retaining material soaked in one or more saturated aqueous solutions to form a soil-based water-retaining pavement material, the volume of the soil-based water-retaining pavement material is 10 to 50% by volume It is characterized in that it is mixed with a soil pavement material and spread and then pressed to form a pavement surface.
第７の発明は、土系保水性舗装面の舗装方法であり、浄水場での浄水処理過程で得られる浄水発生土と、塩化マグネシウム、塩化カルシウム、塩化ナトリウムまたはこれらの酢酸化合物の中から少なくとも一種以上の飽和水溶液に浸漬した木質保水材および／または多孔質保水材と、を混合して土系保水性舗装材とし、前記土系保水性舗装材を土舗装面の上に敷均し、前記敷均した保水性舗装材とその下層の土舗装面の土材料とを掘起しつつ両者を均一に攪拌し、その後転圧して舗装面を形成することを特徴とする。 A seventh invention is a pavement method for a soil-based water-retaining pavement surface, and includes at least one of purified water-generated soil obtained in a water purification treatment process at a water purification plant, and magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium chloride, or an acetic acid compound thereof. Mixing a wood water retention material and / or a porous water retention material soaked in one or more saturated aqueous solutions to form a soil water retention pavement material, spreading the soil water retention pavement material on the soil pavement surface, The spread water-retaining pavement material and the soil material of the underlying soil pavement surface are dug together uniformly and then rolled to form a pavement surface.
第８の発明は、前記土系保水性舗装材は、前記浄水発生土の容積１００に対し、木質保水材および／または多孔質保水材を３０〜３００の割合で混合してなることを特徴とする。
An eighth invention is characterized in that the soil-based water-retaining pavement material is formed by mixing a wooden water-retaining material and / or a porous water-retaining material in a ratio of 30 to 300 with respect to the
第９の発明は、前記木質保水材および／または多孔質保水材は、容積に対する保水率が３０［％］以上を有することを特徴とする。 In a ninth aspect of the present invention, the wood water-retaining material and / or the porous water-retaining material has a water retention rate of 30 [%] or more with respect to the volume.
第１０の発明は、前記木質保水材は、オガ屑、クラフト繊維、紙屑、ペーパースラッジ、バーク材、樹皮繊維のいずれかであることを特徴とする。 A tenth aspect of the invention is characterized in that the wooden water retention material is any one of sawdust, craft fiber, paper waste, paper sludge, bark material, and bark fiber.
第１１の発明は、前記多孔質保水材は、水砕スラッグ、ゼオライト、多孔質セラミックスの粉砕品、ペーパースラッジ焼却灰のいずれかであることを特徴とする。 The eleventh invention is characterized in that the porous water retaining material is any one of granulated slug, zeolite, a pulverized product of porous ceramics, and paper sludge incinerated ash.
第１の発明では、浄水場での浄水処理過程で得られる浄水発生土と木質保水材および／または多孔質保水材とを混合して土系保水性舗装材を構成するため、木質繊維材料および／または多孔質材料の保水作用に基づく優れた保水性を備え且つ浄水発生土に基づく優れた耐水性を備える保水性舗装材を形成することができる。したがって、この保水性舗装材を舗装用土材料と混合した混合土で土舗装面を形成すれば、この土舗装面は高い耐水性および保水性を備えるため、舗装面が水に浸漬しても高い保水作用によりそれを吸水して土粒子の吸水膨張または浸水移動を抑制して舗装面を安定化させて泥濘化を抑制する一方、晴天時には保水している水を供給して舗装面表面から蒸発させて周囲の熱を奪うに必要な水分を舗装面内に保持することができ、優れたヒートアイランド現象の緩和効果を発揮する。しかも、舗装面の保水率を維持してその乾燥を抑え、舗装面表面からの土埃発生を抑制する。また、前記木質保水材および／または多孔質保水材は、塩化マグネシウム、塩化カルシウム、塩化ナトリウムまたはこれらの酢酸化合物の中から少なくとも一種以上の飽和水溶液に浸漬した後、浄水発生土と混合されるため、舗装面には木質保水材の腐敗を抑え、腐敗による雑草の生えを防止できる。 In 1st invention, in order to comprise a soil-type water-retaining pavement material by mixing the purified water generation | occurrence | production soil obtained by the water purification process in a water purification plant, a wooden water retention material, and / or a porous water retention material, A water-retaining pavement material having excellent water retention based on the water retention effect of the porous material and having excellent water resistance based on the purified water generation soil can be formed. Therefore, if the soil pavement surface is formed with mixed soil obtained by mixing this water retention pavement material with the soil material for paving, this soil pavement surface has high water resistance and water retention, so even if the pavement surface is immersed in water, it is high. Water is absorbed by the water retention action to suppress the water particles from expanding or moving in the soil, stabilizing the pavement surface and suppressing mudification, while supplying water that is retained during fine weather and evaporating from the surface of the pavement surface. Moisture necessary to take away the surrounding heat can be held in the pavement surface, and an excellent mitigating effect of the heat island phenomenon is exhibited. In addition, the water retention rate of the pavement surface is maintained to suppress the drying, and the generation of dust from the pavement surface is suppressed. In addition, the wooden water retaining material and / or the porous water retaining material is immersed in at least one saturated aqueous solution of magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium chloride or an acetic acid compound thereof, and then mixed with the purified water generating soil. On the pavement surface, it is possible to suppress the decay of wooden water-retaining materials and prevent weeds from growing due to decay.
第２のおよび第８発明では、前記土系保水性舗装材は、前記浄水発生土の容積１００に対し、木質保水材および／または多孔質保水材を３０〜３００の割合で混合してなるため、浄水発生土の耐水壊作用による高い耐水性を備えるとともに、木質保水材および／または多孔質保水材による高い保水性を備える。木質保水材および／または多孔質保水材の混合比が３０／１００未満であると、保水材が少量となり保水性舗装材の保水量を十分に確保できない。また、木質保水材および／または多孔質保水材の混合比を３００／１００以下とすることにより、保水性舗装材が保水材を大量に含みすぎて浄水発生土が備えている耐水性効果が弱くなってしまうことも防止できる。
In the second and eighth inventions, the soil-based water-retaining pavement material is obtained by mixing a wooden water-retaining material and / or a porous water-retaining material in a ratio of 30 to 300 with respect to the
第３および第９の発明では、前記木質保水材および／または多孔質保水材は、容積に対する保水率が３０［％］以上を有するため、舗装面の保水率を３０［％］以上に保持することができる。また、保水材の働きにより舗装面に水が浸漬しても泥濘化が発生しにくく、晴天時にも土埃が立ち難い。 In the third and ninth inventions, the wooden water retention material and / or the porous water retention material has a water retention rate of 30% or more with respect to the volume, and therefore maintains the water retention rate of the paved surface at 30% or more. be able to. Moreover, even if water is immersed in the pavement surface due to the function of the water retaining material, mudification hardly occurs, and dust does not stand up even on fine weather.
第４および第１０の発明では、前記木質保水材は、オガ屑、クラフト繊維、紙屑、ペーパースラッジ、バーク材、樹皮繊維のいずれかであるため、繊維に基づく保水率が高いだけでなく、繊維と舗装用土材料の土粒子との繋がりにより、舗装面が大量含水状態となっても、土粒子が安定させられ、即ち、土粒子の吸水膨張または浸水移動は繊維との繋がりにより制限され、舗装面全体の安定性を保ち、泥濘化が発生し難くなる。 In the fourth and tenth inventions, the woody water retention material is either sawdust, kraft fiber, paper waste, paper sludge, bark material, or bark fiber, so that not only the water retention rate based on the fiber is high but also fiber The soil particles are stabilized even if the pavement surface is in a large water content state due to the connection between the soil particles and the soil material of the paving soil material. The stability of the entire surface is maintained and mudification is less likely to occur.
第５および第１１の発明では、前記多孔質保水材は、水砕スラッグ、ゼオライト、多孔質セラミックスの粉砕品、ペーパースラッジ焼却灰のいずれかであるため、多孔質材の穴に多量な水分の保持ができ、且つ多孔質材の粒子自身の体積変動は起こらない。その多孔質材の安定性により、隣の土粒子も吸水膨張または浸水移動し難くなり、舗装全体には安定性を保ち、泥濘化が発生し難くなる。 In the fifth and eleventh inventions, since the porous water retaining material is one of granulated slug, zeolite, pulverized porous ceramics, and paper sludge incinerated ash, a large amount of water is contained in the holes of the porous material. The volume of the porous material particles themselves does not change. The stability of the porous material makes it difficult for the adjacent soil particles to absorb water or to move in the water, so that the entire pavement is stable and mudging is difficult to occur.
第６の発明では、浄水場での浄水処理過程で得られる浄水発生土と木質保水材および／または多孔質保水材とを混合して土系保水性舗装材とし、前記土系保水性舗装材を容積で１０〜５０［％］の割合で土舗装材と混合して敷均し、転圧して舗装面を形成するため、得られた保水性舗装面は、保水性舗装材の混合比を１０［％］以上とすることにより、舗装用土材料の土粒子を保水性舗装材（保水材と浄水発生土との混合物）の粒子により完全に覆いきるに十分な量とでき、これより少ない混合割合では、保水性舗装材により完全に覆われていない舗装用土粒子が存在することとなり、舗装用土材料の土粒子の吸水膨張または浸水移動が発生する。また、保水性舗装材の混合比を５０［％］以下とすることにより、舗装面が保水性舗装材を大量に含みすぎて舗装用土材料として使用する現地土の流用が少なくなり、残土として廃棄する量が増加してしまうことを防止できる。また、前記木質保水材および／または多孔質保水材は、塩化マグネシウム、塩化カルシウム、塩化ナトリウムまたはこれらの酢酸化合物の中から少なくとも一種以上の飽和水溶液に浸漬した後、浄水発生土と混合されるため、舗装面には木質保水材の腐敗を抑え、腐敗による雑草の生えを防止できる。 In the sixth invention, the soil-based water-retaining pavement material is obtained by mixing the water-purified soil obtained in the water purification treatment process at the water purification plant with the wooden water-retaining material and / or the porous water - retaining material. Is mixed with soil pavement at a ratio of 10 to 50 [%] by volume, and laid down to form a pavement surface by rolling, so the obtained water-retaining pavement surface has a mixing ratio of water retentive pavement material. By setting it to 10% or more, the amount of soil particles for paving soil material can be set to a sufficient amount to completely cover with the particles of water-retaining pavement material (mixture of water retention material and purified water generation soil), and less mixing In proportion, there will be pavement soil particles that are not completely covered by the water-retaining pavement material, and water absorption expansion or submersion movement of the soil particles of the pavement soil material will occur. In addition, by setting the mixing ratio of the water-retaining pavement material to 50% or less, the pavement surface contains too much water-retaining pavement material, reducing the diversion of local soil used as pavement soil material, and discarding it as residual soil It is possible to prevent the amount to be increased from increasing. In addition, the wooden water retaining material and / or the porous water retaining material is immersed in at least one saturated aqueous solution of magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium chloride or an acetic acid compound thereof, and then mixed with the purified water generating soil. On the pavement surface, it is possible to suppress the decay of wooden water-retaining materials and prevent weeds from growing due to decay.
第７の発明では、浄水場での浄水処理過程で得られる浄水発生土と木質保水材および／または多孔質保水材とを混合して土系保水性舗装材とし、前記土系保水性舗装材を土舗装面の上に敷均し、前記敷均した保水性舗装材とその下層の土舗装面の土材料とを掘起しつつ両者を均一に攪拌し、その後転圧して舗装面を形成するため、土系保水性舗装材と舗装用土材料とを舗装現場の舗装用基礎上で混合でき、舗装作業性を向上できる。また、前記木質保水材および／または多孔質保水材は、塩化マグネシウム、塩化カルシウム、塩化ナトリウムまたはこれらの酢酸化合物の中から少なくとも一種以上の飽和水溶液に浸漬した後、浄水発生土と混合されるため、舗装面には木質保水材の腐敗を抑え、腐敗による雑草の生えを防止できる。 In the seventh invention, the soil-based water-retaining pavement material is obtained by mixing the water-purified soil obtained in the water purification process at the water purification plant with the wooden water-retaining material and / or the porous water - retaining material. Is spread on the soil pavement surface, and the ground water retention pavement material and the soil material of the underlying soil pavement surface are excavated uniformly and then rolled to form a pavement surface. Therefore, the soil-based water-retaining pavement material and the soil material for paving can be mixed on the paving foundation at the paving site, and the paving workability can be improved. In addition, the wooden water retaining material and / or the porous water retaining material is immersed in at least one saturated aqueous solution of magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium chloride or an acetic acid compound thereof, and then mixed with the purified water generating soil. On the pavement surface, it is possible to suppress the decay of wooden water-retaining materials and prevent weeds from growing due to decay.
以下、本発明の土系保水性舗装材および土系保水性舗装面の舗装方法の実施形態について説明する。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the soil-based water-retaining pavement material and the pavement method for the soil-based water-retaining pavement surface of the present invention will be described.
本発明では、木質保水材および／または多孔質保水材と浄水場から採取した浄水発生土とを所定の割合で混合して土系保水性舗装材を得ることを特徴としている。また、前記土系保水性舗装材と舗装用土材料とを混合させて舗装用基礎上に敷均し、整地して転圧することにより厚さ１〜２０［ｃｍ］程度の土系保水性舗装面を形成することを特徴としている。 The present invention is characterized in that an earth-based water-retaining pavement material is obtained by mixing a wooden water-retaining material and / or a porous water-retaining material and water-purified soil collected from a water purification plant at a predetermined ratio. In addition, the soil-based water-retaining pavement surface having a thickness of about 1 to 20 [cm] is obtained by mixing the soil-based water-retaining pavement material and the pavement soil material, leveling on the pavement foundation, leveling and rolling. It is characterized by forming.
前記木質保水材は、容積に対する保水率（または、空隙率）が３０［％］以上の高い保水性を持つオガ屑、クラフト繊維、紙屑、ペーパースラッジ、バーク材、樹皮繊維等の繊維性材料からなる。この木質保水材は、前記浄水発生土と舗装用土材料と混合され舗装用基礎上に整地して転圧されて舗装面を構成する状態においては、舗装面が水に浸漬しても高い保水作用によりそれを吸水して舗装用土材料の土粒子の吸水膨張または浸水移動を抑制して舗装面を安定化させる一方、晴天時には保水している水を供給して舗装面の保水率を維持してその乾燥を抑え、舗装面表面からの土埃発生を抑制する。 The woody water retaining material is made of fibrous materials such as sawdust, craft fiber, paper waste, paper sludge, bark material, and bark fiber having a high water retention rate (or porosity) of 30% or more with respect to volume. Become. This wooden water retention material is mixed with the above-mentioned water purification soil and paving soil material, and in a state where the pavement surface is formed by leveling and rolling on the pavement foundation, a high water retention effect even if the pavement surface is immersed in water. In order to stabilize the pavement surface by suppressing the water absorption expansion or submergence movement of the soil particles of the pavement soil material, while maintaining the water retention rate of the pavement surface by supplying water that is retained during fine weather The drying is suppressed and the generation of dust from the pavement surface is suppressed.
また、前記木質保水材は、その繊維性材料と舗装用土材料の土粒子の繋がりにより、舗装面が大量含水状態になる場合においても、舗装用土材料の土粒子を安定させ、前記土粒子の吸水膨張または浸水移動を繊維との繋がりにより制限し、舗装面全体の安定性を維持し、泥濘化を発生し難くすると共に、晴天時においても、繊維性材料の舗装用土材料の土粒子に対する粘着力（絡み）により土粒子の離脱を抑え、舗装面表面からの土埃発生を抑制する。 Further, the wooden water-retaining material stabilizes the soil particles of the paving soil material even when the paved surface is in a large water content state due to the connection between the fibrous material and the soil particles of the paving soil material, and absorbs the soil particles. The expansion or flooding movement is limited by the connection with the fiber, maintaining the stability of the entire pavement surface, making it less prone to muddying, and the adhesion of the fibrous material to the soil particles of the pavement soil material even in fine weather (Entanglement) suppresses detachment of soil particles and suppresses generation of dust from the surface of the pavement.
前記木質保水材は、その使用に当たって、予め、塩化マグネシウム、塩化カルシウム、塩化ナトリウムまたはこれらの酢酸化合物の中から少なくとも一種以上の飽和水溶液に浸漬することにより、舗装土中で腐敗しにくくでき、長期間に渡って保水効果を発揮させることができる。しかも、塩類の飽和水溶液で処理されているので、舗装面には木質保水材の腐敗による雑草の生えを防止できる。 The woody water retention material can be made resistant to spoilage in paving soil by dipping in at least one saturated aqueous solution of magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium chloride or an acetic acid compound thereof in advance. Water retention effect can be demonstrated over a period. In addition, since it is treated with a saturated aqueous solution of salts, weeds can be prevented from growing on the pavement surface due to the decay of the wooden water retention material.
前記多孔質保水材は、容積に対する保水率（または、空隙率）が３０［％］以上の高い保水性を持つ、水砕スラッグ、ゼオライト、多孔質セラミックスの粉砕品、ペーパースラッジ焼却灰等の多孔性材料である。この多孔性材料は、浄水発生土と舗装用土材料と混合され舗装用基礎上に整地して転圧されて舗装面を構成する状態においては、舗装面が水に浸漬しても多孔性材料がもつ高い保水作用により、それを吸水して舗装用土材料の土粒子の吸水膨張または浸水移動を抑制して舗装面を安定化させて泥濘化を抑制する一方、晴天時には保水している水を供給して舗装面の保水率を維持して、その乾燥を抑え、舗装面表面からの土埃発生を抑制する。 The porous water retention material has a high water retention rate (or porosity) of 30 [%] or more with respect to volume, and is porous such as granulated slug, zeolite, pulverized porous ceramics, paper sludge incinerated ash, etc. Material. This porous material is mixed with water-purifying soil and pavement soil material, and in a state where the pavement surface is formed by leveling and rolling on the pavement foundation, the porous material remains even if the pavement surface is immersed in water. With its high water retention function, it absorbs water and suppresses the water absorption expansion or infiltration movement of the soil particles of the paving soil material, stabilizes the paving surface and suppresses mudification, while supplying water that is retained during fine weather. Thus, the water retention rate of the pavement surface is maintained, the drying is suppressed, and the generation of dust from the pavement surface is suppressed.
この多孔質保水材は、多孔質材の穴に多量の水分を保持することができ、且つ水分の保持状態、即ち、含水率が変化しても、多孔質材の粒子自身の体積変動は起こらない。前記多孔質材の前記形態の安定性により、隣の舗装用土材料の土粒子も吸水膨張または浸水移動し難くでき、舗装面全体の安定性を保ち、泥濘化が発生し難くなる。 This porous water retaining material can retain a large amount of moisture in the holes of the porous material, and even if the moisture retention state, that is, the water content changes, the volume variation of the porous material particles themselves does not occur. Absent. Due to the stability of the form of the porous material, the soil particles of the adjacent pavement soil material can hardly absorb water or be submerged and move, so that the stability of the entire pavement surface can be maintained and mudification is difficult to occur.
この多孔質保水材の使用においても、前記木質保水材と混合して使用する場合には、多孔質保水材と木質保水材との混合状態において、予め、塩化マグネシウム、塩化カルシウム、塩化ナトリウムまたはこれらの酢酸化合物の中から少なくとも一種以上の飽和水溶液に浸漬することにより、舗装面の土中で腐敗しにくく、長期間に渡って保水効果を発揮させることができる。しかも、塩類の飽和水溶液で処理されているので、舗装面には木質保水材の腐敗による雑草の生えを防止できる。 Also in the use of this porous water retaining material, when mixed with the above wooden water retaining material, in the mixed state of the porous water retaining material and the wooden water retaining material, in advance, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium chloride or these By immersing in at least one saturated aqueous solution of the acetic acid compound, it is difficult to rot in the soil of the pavement surface, and the water retention effect can be exhibited over a long period of time. In addition, since it is treated with a saturated aqueous solution of salts, weeds can be prevented from growing on the pavement surface due to the decay of the wooden water retention material.
図１は本発明において用いられる代表的な保水材の保水率を示す。図１では、多孔質保水材として、ゼオライト、ペーパースラッジ灰、セラミックス粉砕品、水砕スラグを、また、木質繊維保水材として、紙屑、クラフト繊維、樹皮繊維、オガ屑を夫々挙げ、比較例として、一般の土舗装材である、荒木田土、ごんべ砂、石灰岩ダスト、緑色スクリーングスを挙げている。この図表における保水材は一例であり、本発明に用いる保水材としては、保水率が３０［％］以上である保水材を使用することを前提とするものであり、この図表のものに限定されるものではない。 FIG. 1 shows the water retention rate of a typical water retention material used in the present invention. In FIG. 1, zeolite, paper sludge ash, ceramic pulverized product, and water granulated slag are listed as porous water retention materials, and paper waste, craft fiber, bark fiber, and sawdust are listed as wood fiber water retention materials. , Arakida soil, rice sand, limestone dust and green screens are listed. The water-retaining material in this chart is an example, and the water-retaining material used in the present invention is premised on the use of a water-retaining material having a water retention rate of 30 [%] or more, and is limited to that in this chart. It is not something.
図１は、底板に水が通過可能な多数の小穴を設けた試料容器に、上記した各保水材を所定量（５８２．８［ｃｍ3］）夫々充填し、吸水前の重量である初期重量を夫々測定した後、水位が一定となるよう水を溜めたパレットに各試料容器を入れてその底部を水に浸して吸水させ、所定時間（１時間）経過後に、パレットから各試料容器を取出して再び吸水後の重量を吸水後重量として夫々測定して、吸水量［ｇ］と保水率を求めたものである。 FIG. 1 shows an initial weight which is a weight before water absorption by filling a predetermined amount (582.8 [cm 3 ]) of each of the above-mentioned water retention materials into a sample container provided with a large number of small holes through which water can pass through the bottom plate. After each measurement, each sample container is put in a pallet in which water is stored so that the water level is constant, and the bottom is immersed in water to absorb water. After a predetermined time (1 hour), each sample container is taken out from the pallet. Then, the weight after water absorption was measured again as the weight after water absorption, and the water absorption [g] and the water retention rate were obtained.
本発明における保水材としては、前記木質繊維保水材（オガ屑、クラフト繊維、紙屑、ペーパースラッジ、バーク材、樹皮繊維等の繊維性材料）のいずれか一種類のみ若しくは二種類以上を組合せて、または、多孔質保水材（水砕スラッグ、ゼオライト、多孔質セラミックスの粉砕品、ペーパースラッジ焼却灰等の多孔性材料）のいずれか一種類のみ若しくは二種類以上を組合せて用いることもできるが、木質繊維保水材の一種類若しくは２種類以上と多孔質保水材の一種類若しくは２種類以上とを組合せて保水率や時間の経過に対する保水率変化（保水特性）を調整するようにしてもよい。 As a water retention material in the present invention, only one kind of the above-mentioned wood fiber water retention material (fiber material such as sawdust, craft fiber, paper waste, paper sludge, bark material, bark fiber) or a combination of two or more types, Alternatively, any one of porous water retaining materials (porous materials such as granulated slug, zeolite, pulverized porous ceramics, paper sludge incinerated ash, etc.) can be used alone or in combination of two or more. One type or two or more types of fiber water-retaining materials may be combined with one type or two or more types of porous water-retaining materials to adjust the water retention rate or the change in water retention rate (water retention characteristics) over time.
比較例の一般の土舗装材料として例示した、ごんべ砂、石灰岩ダスト、緑色スクリーングスは、いずれも保水率が２０［％］前後であり、保水効果が期待できない。また、荒木田土は、唯一、保水率が３０［％］を超える３５［％］の最大保水率を備えるが、その最大保水率に達する前に、土粒子の吸水膨張や浸水移動による泥濘化が発生し、使用には支障がある。 The rice sand, limestone dust, and green squiggles exemplified as the general soil pavement materials of the comparative examples all have a water retention rate of around 20%, and a water retention effect cannot be expected. Arakida soil has only a maximum water retention rate of 35 [%], which exceeds 30 [%]. However, before reaching the maximum water retention rate, mud siltation due to water particle expansion and submergence movement occurs. Occurs and hinders use.
前記浄水発生土は、浄水場での浄水処理過程において、懸濁物を速く沈殿させる凝集処理のために添加される凝集剤（例えば、ＰＡＣ）が、水分子と化学反応すると同時に大量の正電荷が発生させ、負電荷をもつ懸濁物と結びついて、大きなフロックを生成させ、重力により沈殿池の底に沈殿され、懸濁物と凝集剤（ＰＡＣ）との結合物とも言える浄水発生土が生成される。この浄水発生土を濃縮槽処理または天日乾燥処理したものが利用される。浄水発生土の乾燥処理としては、特に機械脱水が施された脱水ケーキを選択することが望ましい。 The water generation soil is a large amount of positive charge simultaneously with a coagulant (for example, PAC) added for agglomeration treatment for precipitating a suspension quickly during a water purification process at a water purification plant. It generates a large floc by combining with the negatively charged suspension, and is settled to the bottom of the sedimentation basin by gravity, and the purified water generation soil can be said to be a combination of the suspension and the flocculant (PAC). Generated. What this purified water generation soil processed by the concentration tank process or the sun drying process is utilized. As the drying treatment of the purified water generating soil, it is desirable to select a dewatered cake that has been subjected to mechanical dewatering.
この浄水発生土は、土系保水性舗装材としての木質保水材および／または多孔質保水材と混合されると、これら木質保水材および／または多孔質保水材の粒子を覆い且つ粒子間に介在した状態の土系保水性舗装材を構成する。また、前記土系保水性舗装材と舗装用土材料と混合すると、前記浄水発生土は木質保水材および／または多孔質保水材と共にこれらの舗装用土材料の土粒子を完全に覆って付着し、これら混合状態において舗装用基礎上に整地して転圧されて舗装面を構成する状態においては、木質保水材および／または多孔質保水材の粒子と舗装用土材料の土粒子を結合させるバインダとしての機能を発揮する。 When this water-purified soil is mixed with a wooden water-retaining material and / or porous water-retaining material as a soil-based water-retaining pavement material, the particles of the wooden water-retaining material and / or porous water-retaining material are covered and interposed between the particles. The earth-based water-retaining pavement material in the finished state is constructed. In addition, when mixed with the soil-based water-retaining pavement material and the pavement soil material, the water-purified soil is covered with the wooden water-retaining material and / or the porous water-retaining material so as to completely cover the soil particles of these pavement soil materials. Functions as a binder to combine particles of wooden and / or porous water-retaining material and soil particles of pavement soil material in a mixed state where the surface is ground and rolled to form a pavement surface. Demonstrate.
前記浄水発生土を構成する水分子と反応した凝集剤は水に溶けない水酸化アルミニウム物質に変化され、この水酸化アルミニウム物質の効果により、浄水発生土に強い耐水性（水に浸された状態においても形態が破壊されない耐水壊性）を備える。従って、舗装状態における浄水発生土は、木質保水材および／または多孔質保水材の粒子と舗装用土材料の土粒子を結合させる機能および舗装用土材料の土粒子を覆ってその水浸等による形態破壊（吸水膨張または浸水移動）を抑制する機能を高い耐水性により維持し続ける。 The flocculant reacting with water molecules constituting the purified water generation soil is changed to an aluminum hydroxide material that is not soluble in water, and due to the effect of this aluminum hydroxide material, the water generation resistance soil has a strong water resistance (a state immersed in water). In addition, it has a water-breaking resistance that does not destroy the form. Therefore, the water-purified soil in the paved state has a function of combining the particles of the wooden water-retaining material and / or the porous water-retaining material and the soil particles of the paving soil material, and covering the soil particles of the paving soil material and morphological destruction due to water immersion etc. The function of suppressing (water absorption expansion or submersion movement) is maintained by high water resistance.
以上に示した保水材（木質繊維保水材および／または多孔質保水材）と前記浄水発生土とを適切な配合で混合することにより、木質繊維材料および／または多孔質材料の保水作用に基づく優れた保水性を備え且つ浄水発生土に基づく優れた耐水性を備える保水性舗装材を形成することができる。 By mixing the water retention material (wood fiber water retention material and / or porous water retention material) shown above and the above water purification soil with an appropriate composition, it is excellent based on the water retention effect of the wood fiber material and / or porous material. It is possible to form a water-retaining pavement material that has excellent water resistance based on the generated water.
即ち、前記浄水発生土と木質保水材および／または多孔質保水材とを混合して保水性舗装材を生成する場合には、浄水発生土の容積１００に対し、木質保水材および／または多孔質保水材を３０〜３００の割合で混合する。この混合により得られた保水性舗装材は、浄水発生土の耐水壊作用による高い耐水性を備えるとともに、木質保水材および／または多孔質保水材による高い保水性を備える。したがって、この保水性舗装材を舗装用土材料と混合した混合土で土舗装面を形成すれば、この土舗装面は高い耐水性および保水性を備えるため、舗装面が水に浸漬しても高い保水作用によりそれを吸水して土粒子の吸水膨張または浸水移動を抑制して舗装面を安定化させて泥濘化を抑制する一方、晴天時には保水している水を供給して舗装面表面から蒸発させて周囲の熱を奪うに必要な水分を舗装面内に保持することができ、優れたヒートアイランド現象の緩和効果を発揮する。しかも、舗装面の保水率を維持してその乾燥を抑え、舗装面表面からの土埃発生を抑制する。
That is, when the water-retaining pavement material is produced by mixing the water-purified soil with the wooden water-retaining material and / or the porous water-retaining material, the wooden water-retaining material and / or the porous material with respect to the
前記木質保水材および／または多孔質保水材と浄水発生土の混合は、例えば、プラント混合若しくはショベルやミキサー、バックホー（ｂａｃｋｈｏｅ）等による混合により、全体に均一になるまで十分に行う。前記両者の混合割合は、木質保水材および／または多孔質保水材の混合比を３０／１００以上とすることにより、保水性舗装材の保水性を十分確保することができる。木質保水材および／または多孔質保水材の混合比が３０／１００未満であると、保水材が少量となり保水性舗装材の保水量を十分に確保できない。また、木質保水材および／または多孔質保水材の混合比を３００／１００以下とすることにより、保水性舗装材が保水材を大量に含みすぎて浄水発生土が備えている耐水性効果が弱くなってしまうことも防止できる。なお、この混合比は、保水材の種類、使用目的、舗装面に要求される特性等に応じて、上記範囲内で適宜調整される。 Mixing of the wood water-retaining material and / or porous water-retaining material and the purified water generation soil is sufficiently performed until it becomes uniform as a whole by, for example, plant mixing or mixing by a shovel, a mixer, a backhoe or the like. As for the mixing ratio of the both, the water retention of the water retentive pavement can be sufficiently ensured by setting the mixing ratio of the wooden water retentive material and / or the porous water retentive material to 30/100 or more. If the mixing ratio of the wooden water retaining material and / or the porous water retaining material is less than 30/100, the amount of the water retaining material becomes small and the water retaining amount of the water retaining pavement cannot be sufficiently secured. In addition, by setting the mixing ratio of the wooden water retaining material and / or the porous water retaining material to 300/100 or less, the water retaining pavement material contains a large amount of the water retaining material and the water resistance effect of the purified water generating soil is weak. It can also be prevented. This mixing ratio is appropriately adjusted within the above range according to the type of water retaining material, the purpose of use, the characteristics required for the paved surface, and the like.
前記保水性舗装材は、木質保水材および／または多孔質保水材と浄水発生土とを混合させることにより、木質保水材および／または多孔質保水材の保水材粒子の周囲に浄水発生土の粒子が付着し、付着しきれない浄水発生土は保水材粒子同士の間に介在された状態となっている。従って、この保水性舗装材を舗装用土材料と混合させた場合には、浄水発生土が舗装用土材料の土粒子の周囲に付着した状態で舗装用土材料の土粒子と保水材の粒子とが混ざり合った状態となり、これら混合物を舗装用基礎上に敷き均して転圧すると、浄水発生土のバインダ機能により保水材の粒子同士および保水材の粒子と舗装用土材料の土粒子とが結合され、しかも、舗装用土材料の土粒子を取囲んでその土粒子の吸水膨張または浸水移動を抑制して耐水壊作用を発揮することとなる。特に保水材が木質保水材からなる繊維状材料である場合には、これら繊維質と舗装用土材料の土粒子との混ざり合いが発生してより両者間に一層強力な結合力を発揮させることとなる。 The water-retaining pavement is made by mixing the water-retaining material and / or the porous water-retaining material and the water-purifying soil, so that the particles of the water-purifying soil are surrounded by the water-retaining material particles of the wooden water-retaining material and / or the porous water-retaining material. The clean water generating soil that cannot be attached is in a state of being interposed between the water retention material particles. Therefore, when this water-retaining pavement material is mixed with the pavement soil material, the soil particles of the pavement soil material and the particles of the water retentive material are mixed in a state where the purified water adheres around the soil particles of the pavement soil material. When the mixture is put on the pavement foundation and rolled, the mixture of the water retention material particles and the water retention material particles and the soil particles of the pavement soil material are combined by the binder function of the purified water generation soil. In addition, it surrounds the soil particles of the soil material for paving and suppresses the water absorption expansion or submergence movement of the soil particles, thereby exerting a water-damage effect. In particular, when the water retaining material is a fibrous material made of a wooden water retaining material, mixing of these fibers and soil particles of the paving soil material occurs, and more powerful bonding force is exhibited between the two. Become.
次に、上記のように生成した保水性舗装材を用いた土系保水性舗装方法について説明する。保水性舗装材を用いた土系保水性舗装方法としては、代表的には、下記の第１、第２、第３のいずれかの舗装方法により、土舗装面が形成される。 Next, a soil-based water-retaining pavement method using the water-retaining pavement material generated as described above will be described. As a soil-based water-retaining pavement method using a water-retaining pavement, a soil pavement surface is typically formed by any one of the following first, second, and third pavement methods.
前記第１の舗装方法では、先ず、保水性舗装材を容積で１０〜５０［％］の割合で舗装用土材料と混合して保水性舗装材混合土とし、次いで、前記保水性舗装材混合土を舗装用基礎上に敷均して整地し、転圧することにより厚さ１〜２０［ｃｍ］程度の舗装面を形成する。保水性舗装材と舗装用土材料との混合はプラント混合であっても舗装現場でのショベルやミキサー、バックホー（ｂａｃｋｈｏｅ）等による混合であってもよく、混合が全体に均一になるまで十分に行う。 In the first pavement method, first, the water-retaining pavement material is mixed with the soil material for pavement at a ratio of 10 to 50% by volume to obtain a water-retaining pavement mixed soil, and then the water-retained pavement mixed soil. A pavement surface having a thickness of about 1 to 20 [cm] is formed by leveling and rolling on the foundation for pavement. The mixing of the water-retaining pavement material and the pavement soil material may be a plant mixing or a mixing with a shovel, a mixer, a backhoe or the like on the pavement site, and is performed sufficiently until the mixing becomes uniform as a whole. .
前記保水性舗装材の舗装用土材料に対する混合割合は、容積比で１０〜５０［％］となるようにする。保水性舗装材の混合比を１０［％］以上とすることにより、舗装用土材料の土粒子を保水性舗装材（保水材と浄水発生土との混合物）の粒子により完全に覆いきるに十分な量とでき、これより少ない混合割合では、保水性舗装材により完全に覆われていない舗装用土粒子が存在することとなり、舗装用土材料の土粒子の吸水膨張または浸水移動が発生する。また、保水性舗装材の混合比を５０［％］以下とすることにより、舗装面が保水性舗装材を大量に含みすぎて舗装用土材料として使用する現地土の流用が少なくなり、残土として廃棄する量が増加してしまうことを防止できる。なお、この混合比は、保水性舗装材の保水率、粒度、舗装面に要求される特性等に応じて、上記範囲内で適宜調整される。 The mixing ratio of the water-retaining pavement material to the soil material for paving is set to 10 to 50% by volume. By setting the mixing ratio of the water-retaining pavement material to 10% or more, it is sufficient to completely cover the soil particles of the pavement soil material with the particles of the water-retaining pavement material (mixture of the water retention material and the purified water generation soil). If the mixing ratio is less than this, there will be pavement soil particles that are not completely covered by the water-retaining pavement material, and water absorption expansion or submersion movement of the soil particles of the pavement soil material will occur. In addition, by setting the mixing ratio of the water-retaining pavement material to 50% or less, the pavement surface contains too much water-retaining pavement material, reducing the diversion of local soil used as pavement soil material, and discarding it as residual soil It is possible to prevent the amount to be increased from increasing. This mixing ratio is appropriately adjusted within the above range according to the water retention rate, particle size, characteristics required of the pavement surface, etc. of the water retentive pavement.
前記第２の舗装方法では、先ず、保水性舗装材を舗装用基礎上に１〜５［ｃｍ］の厚さに均一に敷均し、次いで、攪拌機（例えば、トラクタ）により敷均した保水性舗装材と保水性舗装材の下層にある舗装用基礎とを含めて、保水性舗装材の表面から１０［ｃｍ］以上の深さまで掘起して保水性舗装材と舗装用基礎表面の土材料とを攪拌して混合する。均一に混合された後に、整地し、転圧することにより厚さ１〜２０［ｃｍ］程度の舗装面を形成する。この舗装方法においても、保水性舗装材と舗装用土材料との混合比は、保水性舗装材の保水率、粒度、舗装面に要求される特性等に応じて、１０〜５０［％］の範囲内で適宜調整される。 In the second pavement method, first, the water retention pavement material is uniformly spread to a thickness of 1 to 5 [cm] on the pavement foundation, and then spread with a stirrer (for example, a tractor). Soil material for water-retaining pavement materials and pavement foundation surfaces excavated from the surface of water-retaining pavement materials to a depth of 10 [cm] or more, including pavement materials and pavement foundations below water-retaining pavement materials And mix. After being uniformly mixed, the pavement surface having a thickness of about 1 to 20 [cm] is formed by leveling and rolling. Also in this pavement method, the mixing ratio of the water-retaining pavement material and the soil material for pavement is in the range of 10 to 50% depending on the water retention rate, particle size, characteristics required for the pavement surface, etc. Is adjusted as appropriate.
前記第３の舗装方法では、木質保水材および／または多孔質保水材からなる保水材と、浄水発生土と、を予め混合させることなく別々に準備する。そして、舗装現場において、先ず、浄水発生土の容積１００に対して木質保水材および／または多孔質保水材を３０〜３００の割合で混合（ショベルやミキサー、バックホー（ｂａｃｋｈｏｅ）等による混合）して保水性舗装材を形成する。この保水性舗装材と舗装用土材料の混合は、例えばプラント混合、または、ショベルやミキサー、バックホー（ｂａｃｋｈｏｅ）等による混合により、混合が全体に均一になるまで十分に行う。なお、この混合比は、保水性舗装材の保水率、粒度、舗装面に要求される特性等に応じて、１０〜５０［％］の範囲内で適宜調整する。次いで、このように形成した保水性舗装材と舗装用土材料とを混合する。そして、このように混合された保水性舗装材混合土を、舗装用基礎上に敷均して整地し、転圧することにより、厚さ１〜２０［ｃｍ］程度の舗装面を形成する。
In the third pavement method, a water retention material made of a wooden water retention material and / or a porous water retention material and a purified water generation soil are separately prepared without being mixed in advance. At the pavement site, first, a wooden water retention material and / or a porous water retention material is mixed at a ratio of 30 to 300 with respect to the
図２は、前記第１〜第３の舗装方法により形成された舗装面の断面形状を示すものである。舗装現場の土からなる舗装用基礎１の表面には、保水性舗装材混合土からなる保水性舗装土層２が形成されている。この保水性舗装土層２は、運動場等、人に踏み付けられる場所の舗装面としても耐えうるものとなり、土系舗装に特有のクッション性、自然の感触および周囲環境との融合性を保持する。即ち、適度な硬度を持ち、土本来の自然な感触や柔らかさを失わず、運動場等に使用した場合でも快適な使用環境を提供できる。
FIG. 2 shows the cross-sectional shape of the pavement surface formed by the first to third pavement methods. A water-retaining
また、この保水性舗装土層２は、保水性舗装材に含まれる保水材の保水作用により高い保水性（保水率３０［％］以上）を保持することができる。さらに、保水性舗装材に含まれる浄水発生土のバインダ機能と舗装用土材料の土粒子の吸水膨張または浸水移動を抑制する高い耐水壊作用を備えるものであり、保水性舗装土層２は、保水性と耐水性を兼ね備える。
Moreover, this water retention
このため、舗装基礎１から毛細管現象で上昇した水３は、保水性舗装土層２内の保水材により保持される。また、雨水等の保水性舗装土層２の上方から滲みこんだ水４は、保水性舗装土層２内部へと浸透して保水性舗装土層２内の保水材により保持される。
For this reason, the
したがって、保水性舗装土層２内の保水材により保持される水分は、長期間に渡って土中に保持され、晴天日には舗装面表面からの土埃の発生を防止できる。また、保水性舗装土層２の耐水性により、高保水率を保ちながら泥濘化の発生を抑制している。したがって、舗装面のメンテナンスの手間を大幅に減らすことができる。
Therefore, the water | moisture content hold | maintained by the water retention material in the water retentive
さらに、晴天時においては、保水性舗装土層２内の保水材に保持された水分が舗装面の表面に滲み出して蒸発（気化）され、蒸発熱（５４０［ｃａｌ／ｇ］）により周囲の熱を奪い舗装面の温度を低下させ、ヒートアイランド現象の緩和効果を発揮する。
Further, in fine weather, the water retained by the water retention material in the water retentive
つぎに、本発明による保水性舗装面の保水効果、泥濘化防止効果、および防塵効果について、実施例１〜５および比較例に基づき説明する。 図３は、実施例１〜５の保水性舗装材および比較例の舗装材の浄水発生土と各保水材との配合割合を表にしたものである。 Below, the water retention effect of the water retention pavement surface by this invention, a mudification prevention effect, and a dustproof effect are demonstrated based on Examples 1-5 and a comparative example. FIG. 3 is a table showing the blending ratios of the water retention pavement materials of Examples 1 to 5 and the pavement materials of Comparative Examples and the water retention materials.
＜実施例１＞
浄水発生土１００［Ｌ］と木質保水材ヒノキまたはエノキの樹皮繊維３０［Ｌ］とをモルタルミキサで均一に混合して保水性舗装材とした。この保水性舗装材を３０［％］の容積割合で一般の土舗装材真砂土とよく混合し、舗装基礎上に敷均して転圧・整地して厚さ１０［ｃｍ］の舗装面を形成した。
<Example 1>
The water-retaining pavement material was prepared by uniformly mixing 100 [L] of the purified water-generating soil and 30 [L] of the wood water-retaining material cypress or enoki bark fiber with a mortar mixer. This water-retaining pavement material is mixed well with general sand pavement material sand at a volume ratio of 30 [%], spread on the pavement foundation, rolled and leveled to form a 10-cm thick pavement surface. Formed.
＜実施例２＞
浄水発生土１００［Ｌ］とペーパースラッジ２０［Ｌ］、および水砕スラグ５０［Ｌ］とをモルタルミキサで均一に混合して保水性舗装材とした。この保水性舗装材を５０［％］の容積割合で一般の土舗装材真砂土とよく混合し、舗装基礎上に敷均して転圧・整地して厚さ１０［ｃｍ］の舗装面を形成した。
<Example 2>
The purified water generating soil 100 [L], the paper sludge 20 [L], and the granulated slag 50 [L] were uniformly mixed with a mortar mixer to obtain a water-retaining pavement material. This water-retaining pavement material is mixed well with ordinary sand pavement material sand at a volume ratio of 50 [%], spread on the pavement foundation, rolled and leveled to form a 10-cm thick pavement surface. Formed.
＜実施例３＞
ヒノキまたはエノキの樹皮繊維５０［Ｌ］とクラフト繊維５０［Ｌ］、および多孔質セラミックス粉砕品５０［Ｌ］を、まず、塩化ナトリウムの３５％水溶液に浸漬させ、その後、浄水発生土１００［Ｌ］とモルタルミキサで均一に混合して保水性舗装材とした。この保水性舗装材を４０［％］の容積割合で一般の土舗装材真砂土とよく混合し、舗装基礎上に敷均して転圧・整地して厚さ１０［ｃｍ］の舗装面を形成した。
<Example 3>
Hinoki or enoki bark fiber 50 [L], craft fiber 50 [L], and ground porous ceramic product 50 [L] are first immersed in a 35% aqueous solution of sodium chloride, and then purified water generating soil 100 [L] ] And a mortar mixer to obtain a water-retaining pavement material. This water-retaining pavement material is mixed well with general sand pavement material sand at a volume ratio of 40 [%], spread on the pavement foundation, rolled and leveled to form a 10-cm thick pavement surface. Formed.
＜実施例４＞
紙屑５０［Ｌ］とおが屑１００［Ｌ］、およびペーパースラッジ灰１００［Ｌ］を、先ず、塩化カルシウムの３５［％］水溶液に浸漬させ、その後、浄水発生土１００［Ｌ］とモルタルミキサで均一に混合して保水性舗装材とした。この保水性舗装材を１０［％］の容積割合で一般の土舗装材真砂土とよく混合し、舗装基礎上に敷均して転圧・整地して厚さ１０［ｃｍ］の舗装面を形成した。
<Example 4>
First, paper waste 50 [L], sawdust 100 [L], and paper sludge ash 100 [L] are immersed in a 35% aqueous solution of calcium chloride, and then uniformly with purified water generation soil 100 [L] and a mortar mixer. To obtain a water-retaining pavement material. This water-retaining pavement material is mixed well with ordinary earth pavement material sandy sand at a volume ratio of 10%, spread on the pavement foundation, and compacted and leveled to form a 10cm thick pavement surface. Formed.
＜実施例５＞
ヒノキまたはエノキの樹皮繊維１００［Ｌ］、ペーパースラッジ５０［Ｌ］、クラフト繊維５０［Ｌ］、および水砕スラグ１００［Ｌ］と、浄水発生土１００［Ｌ］とをモルタルミキサで均一に混合して保水性舗装材とした。この保水性舗装材を２０［％］の容積割合で一般の土舗装材真砂土とよく混合し、舗装基礎上に敷均して転圧・整地して厚さ１０［ｃｍ］の舗装面を形成した。
<Example 5>
Japanese cypress or enoki bark fiber 100 [L], paper sludge 50 [L], kraft fiber 50 [L], and granulated slag 100 [L] are uniformly mixed with purified water generation soil 100 [L] using a mortar mixer. Thus, a water-retaining pavement material was obtained. This water-retaining pavement material is mixed well with ordinary soil pavement material sand at a volume ratio of 20 [%], spread on a pavement foundation, rolled and leveled to form a 10 [cm] pavement surface. Formed.
＜従来工法による比較例＞
一般の土舗装材真砂土に適当な水分を加え、モルタルミキサで均一に混合し、最適含水比近くに調整してから、舗装基礎上に敷均して転圧・整地して厚さ１０［ｃｍ］の舗装面を形成した。その後、舗装表面に塩化カルシウムを２［ｋｇ／ｍ2］を散布した。
<Comparison example by conventional method>
Appropriate moisture is added to general sand pavement material sandy sand, mixed uniformly with a mortar mixer, adjusted to near the optimal moisture content, spread on the pavement foundation, rolled and leveled to a thickness of 10 [ cm] paved surface was formed. Thereafter, 2 [kg / m 2 ] of calcium chloride was sprayed on the pavement surface.
次に、上記実施例１〜５の保水性舗装材による舗装面の保水効果、泥濘化防止効果、および防塵効果が得られることを裏付ける実験結果について、比較例の舗装面と対比しつつ説明する。 Next, the experimental results supporting that the water retention effect of the pavement surface by the water retentive pavement materials of Examples 1 to 5, the mudification prevention effect, and the dust prevention effect are obtained will be described in comparison with the pavement surface of the comparative example. .
＜土の保湿試験＞
図４は、舗装面の保水性を調べるために行った試験の結果を示す試験開始日からの各試料の保水率の変化を示す表およびグラフである。図４では、実施例１〜５および比較例の各試料を横軸に並べ、縦軸に経過日数を表示している。
<Moisture retention test for soil>
FIG. 4 is a table and a graph showing changes in the water retention rate of each sample from the test start date showing the results of the test conducted to examine the water retention of the pavement surface. In FIG. 4, the samples of Examples 1 to 5 and the comparative example are arranged on the horizontal axis, and the elapsed days are displayed on the vertical axis.
この舗装面の保湿試験では、底に小穴を有する直径８０［ｍｍ］、高さ１１０［ｍｍ］の試料容器に、実施例１〜５および比較例の試験用試料を充填して高さ９０［ｍｍ］まで締め固め、その後、試料容器の底から水を供給させ、試料を水で飽和（試験開始日〜２日目と、１４日目〜１７日目に吸水飽和）させた。その後、乾燥機に５０［℃］の温度で８時間乾燥させた。試験開始日より期間の経過毎に重量を測定し、試料の含水率を計算して保水率とした。 In this moisturizing test of the pavement surface, a sample container having a diameter of 80 [mm] and a height of 110 [mm] having a small hole in the bottom is filled with the test samples of Examples 1 to 5 and the comparative example, and a height of 90 [ mm], and then water was supplied from the bottom of the sample container, and the sample was saturated with water (saturation of water absorption from the test start date to the 2nd day and from the 14th day to the 17th day). Then, it was dried at a temperature of 50 [° C.] for 8 hours in a dryer. The weight was measured at each elapse of the period from the test start date, and the moisture content of the sample was calculated to obtain the water retention rate.
以下、試験結果について考察するに、実施例１〜５の各試料は比較例の試料の含水率（２２．８１〜２４．７１［％］）より飽和時（２日後、１７日後）の含水率（３３〜４２［％］）が高く、また、乾燥により水分蒸発後の含水率も高いことが分かる。このことから、実施例１〜５の試料に基づく保水性舗装面は、保水性の高い舗装であることが分かる。 Hereinafter, when discussing the test results, each sample of Examples 1 to 5 has a moisture content at the time of saturation (after 2 days and 17 days) from the moisture content (22.81 to 24.71 [%]) of the sample of the comparative example. (33-42 [%]) is high, and it can be seen that the moisture content after evaporation of water is high due to drying. From this, it can be seen that the water-retaining pavement surface based on the samples of Examples 1 to 5 is a pavement with high water retentivity.
＜経時温度変化試験＞
図５は、保水性舗装面による温度低下効果を調べるために行った試験の結果を示す朝（１０：００）から夕方（１６：００）までの各舗装面の表面温度の変化を示す表およびグラフである。図５では、実施例１〜５および比較例の各舗装面を横軸に並べ、縦軸に測定時刻を表示している。
<Aging temperature change test>
FIG. 5 is a table showing the change in surface temperature of each pavement surface from morning (10:00) to evening (16:00) showing the results of a test conducted to investigate the temperature lowering effect of the water-retaining pavement surface. It is a graph. In FIG. 5, the pavement surfaces of Examples 1 to 5 and the comparative example are arranged on the horizontal axis, and the measurement time is displayed on the vertical axis.
この経時温度変化試験では、各舗装面の表面に日射を当て、舗装表面の温度変化を所定時刻毎に計測した。なお、試験日の気温も測定した。 In this time-dependent temperature change test, solar radiation was applied to the surface of each pavement surface, and the temperature change of the pavement surface was measured every predetermined time. The temperature on the test day was also measured.
図５の温度変化から、実施例１〜５の舗装表面の温度は比較例の舗装表面より１０〜２３［℃］低かったことが分かる。即ち、本発明による実施例１〜５の舗装面は保水率が高く、保水している水分の蒸発（気化）により周囲の温度を奪い、地面温度を低下させる効果が大きいことが分かる。 From the temperature change in FIG. 5, it can be seen that the temperature of the pavement surface of Examples 1 to 5 was 10 to 23 ° C. lower than the pavement surface of the comparative example. That is, it can be seen that the paved surfaces of Examples 1 to 5 according to the present invention have a high water retention rate, and have a great effect of depriving the surrounding temperature due to evaporation (vaporization) of the retained water and lowering the ground temperature.
＜泥濘化試験＞
図６は、保水性舗装面の泥濘化防止効果を調べるために行った試験の結果を示すものである。
<Mudification test>
FIG. 6 shows the results of a test conducted for examining the mudification prevention effect of the water-retaining pavement surface.
泥濘化試験では、実施例１〜５および比較例の各舗装面に、２０［ｍｍ／ｈ］の人工降雨を３０［分］降らした後、プロクタニードル貫入器を用い、貫入抵抗値を測定した。針の直径は２９［ｍｍ］、貫入深さは５［ｍｍ］とした。この試験では、貫入抵抗値が大きい舗装面は泥濘化防止効果が高いことを示している。 In the muddying test, artificial resistance of 20 [mm / h] was dropped on each pavement surface of Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Example 30 [minutes], and then the penetration resistance value was measured using a Proctor needle penetrator. did. The diameter of the needle was 29 [mm], and the penetration depth was 5 [mm]. In this test, it is shown that the pavement surface having a large penetration resistance value has a high mudification prevention effect.
即ち、図６に示す結果によれば、本発明の実施例１〜５の保水性舗装面の貫入抵抗値（３０分経過時３８〜５３［ＬＢ］、６時間経過時５８〜１２８［ＬＢ］）は、比較例の舗装面の貫入抵抗値（３０分経過時１８［ＬＢ］、６時間経過時３２［ＬＢ］）よりかなり大きく、泥濘化防止効果が高いことが分かる。 That is, according to the results shown in FIG. 6, the penetration resistance values of the water-retaining pavement surfaces of Examples 1 to 5 of the present invention (38 to 53 [LB] at 30 minutes, 58 to 128 [LB] at 6 hours). ) Is considerably larger than the penetration resistance value of the pavement surface of the comparative example (18 [LB] after 30 minutes, 32 [LB] after 6 hours), and it can be seen that the effect of preventing mudification is high.
＜埃試験＞
図７は、保水性舗装面の防塵効果を調べるために行った試験の結果を示すものである。
<Dust test>
FIG. 7 shows the results of a test conducted for examining the dustproof effect of the water-retaining pavement surface.
埃試験では、実施例１〜５の各試料を２８×１９×１．５［ｃｍ］の容器に軽く整地して体積７９８［ｃｍ3］の舗装面を形成した。その後、１１０［℃］で２４時間乾燥させて試験用試料とした。この試験用試料を風洞試験器の風洞出口付近に置き、所定の風速（６、１０、１２［ｍ／ｓ］）で５分間連続通風して、各試料の飛散状況［％］を測定した。 In the dust test, each sample of Examples 1 to 5 was lightly leveled in a 28 × 19 × 1.5 [cm] container to form a paved surface with a volume of 798 [cm 3 ]. Thereafter, it was dried at 110 [° C.] for 24 hours to obtain a test sample. This test sample was placed in the vicinity of the wind tunnel exit of the wind tunnel tester and continuously ventilated at a predetermined wind speed (6, 10, 12 [m / s]) for 5 minutes, and the scattering state [%] of each sample was measured.
この埃試験によれば、比較例の試料は、風速が６［ｍ／ｓ］となると土粒子が大量（飛散率５．５［％］）に飛散し始め、風速が１２［ｍ／ｓ］に達すると飛散率約２４［％］の土粒子が飛散する結果となっている。 According to this dust test, in the sample of the comparative example, when the wind speed reached 6 [m / s], soil particles started to be scattered in a large amount (scattering rate 5.5 [%]), and the wind speed was 12 [m / s]. As a result, soil particles having a scattering rate of about 24% are scattered.
これに対して、実施例１〜５の試料の場合には、風速が６［ｍ／ｓ］になっても土粒子の飛散は僅か（飛散率１．７〜２．０［％］）であり、風速が１２［ｍ／ｓ］に至ったときにも少量な飛散（飛散率３．９〜１０．３［％］）しか見られない。 On the other hand, in the case of the samples of Examples 1 to 5, even when the wind speed reached 6 [m / s], the scattering of the soil particles was slight (scattering rate 1.7 to 2.0 [%]). Yes, even when the wind speed reaches 12 [m / s], only a small amount of scattering (scattering rate of 3.9 to 10.3 [%]) can be seen.
したがって、実施例１〜５の試料は、かなりの強風下でも土粒子が飛散にくいものであり、優れた防塵性を持つものであることが分かる。このように保水性舗装が優れた防塵性を持つ理由としては、保水性舗装材に含まれる繊維性保水材の繊維材料の粘着力により保水性舗装の各土粒子が互いに結びついて、風に対する抵抗力が向上したものと思料される。 Therefore, it can be seen that the samples of Examples 1 to 5 are those in which the soil particles are not easily scattered even under a considerably strong wind and have excellent dust resistance. The reason why the water-retaining pavement has excellent dust resistance is that the soil particles of the water-retaining pavement are bonded to each other due to the adhesive strength of the fibrous water retentive material contained in the water-retaining pavement, and resistance to wind It is thought that power improved.
本発明の土系保水性舗装材および土系保水性舗装面の舗装方法は、例えば、遊歩道、公園、遊園地、河川敷、山林、畑地、農地、ゴルフ場、競技場、球技場、体育施設、駐車場、駐輪場、競馬場、遊具周辺、植栽地周辺、建設物周辺、屋上、アトリウム、住宅周辺、テラス、橋等の歩行面や路面等のクレーコートに利用可能である。 The soil water-retaining pavement material and the pavement method of the soil water-retaining pavement surface of the present invention include, for example, a promenade, a park, an amusement park, a riverbed, a forest, a field, an agricultural land, a golf course, a stadium, a ballpark, a gymnasium, It can be used for parking lots, bicycle parking lots, racetracks, play equipment, planting areas, constructions, rooftops, atriums, houses, terraces, bridges, and other clay courts such as walking surfaces and road surfaces.
１ 舗装用基礎
２ 保水性舗装土層
３、４ 水
1
Claims (11)
前記土系保水性舗装材を容積で１０〜５０％の割合で土舗装材と混合して敷均し、転圧して舗装面を形成することを特徴とする土系保水性舗装面の舗装方法。 Water-purified soil obtained in the water purification process at the water purification plant, and wood and / or porous water retention material immersed in at least one saturated aqueous solution of magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium chloride or their acetic acid compounds and, by mixing a soil-based water-retentive pavement material,
Smoothing insole mixed with soil paver at a rate of 10-50% of the soil-based water-retentive pavement material by volume, rolling pressure and paving method soil-based water-retentive pavement surface and forming a paving .
前記土系保水性舗装材を土舗装面の上に敷均し、
前記敷均した保水性舗装材とその下層の土舗装面の土材料とを掘起しつつ両者を均一に攪拌し、
その後転圧して舗装面を形成することを特徴とする土系保水性舗装面の舗装方法。 Water-purified soil obtained in the water purification process at the water purification plant, and wood and / or porous water retention material immersed in at least one saturated aqueous solution of magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium chloride or their acetic acid compounds and, by mixing a soil-based water-retentive pavement material,
Spread the soil-based water - retaining pavement material on the soil pavement surface,
While digging the spread water-retaining pavement material and the soil material of the underlying soil pavement surface, both are uniformly stirred,
A method for paving a soil-based water-retaining pavement surface, which is then rolled to form a pavement surface.
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| JP2003227103A (en) * | 2001-11-27 | 2003-08-15 | Goshono:Kk | Plant containing paving material, its manufacturing method and paving method making use thereof |
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