JP4551488B2 - Warning tool and folding method of warning tool - Google Patents

Warning tool and folding method of warning tool Download PDF

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JP4551488B2
JP4551488B2 JP2010102513A JP2010102513A JP4551488B2 JP 4551488 B2 JP4551488 B2 JP 4551488B2 JP 2010102513 A JP2010102513 A JP 2010102513A JP 2010102513 A JP2010102513 A JP 2010102513A JP 4551488 B2 JP4551488 B2 JP 4551488B2
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annular members
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connecting member
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JP2010168898A (en
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隆 下川原
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上北建設株式会社
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本発明は、道路上に一時的に敷設し、適当な段差を設けることにより車両通過時に振動を与え、車両運転者に対して注意を喚起するための注意喚起用具およびこの注意喚起用具の折りたたみ方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a warning tool for temporarily laying on a road and providing vibration when the vehicle passes by providing an appropriate level difference, and a method for folding the warning tool. About.

従来、道路上に敷設する注意喚起用具100としては、図12に示すように、円環状に形成された環状部材102を互い違いに千鳥状に並べてその外周端部を強固な連結部材103によって連結したものが知られている。このような環状部材102を使用したものは、帯板状の注意喚起用具と比較して、通過する車両の運転手に複数回(環状部材102に乗り上げる回数分)の振動を与えて十分な注意喚起が可能になり、かつ、濡れた路面にも粘着材を使用せずに十分な設置力を得ることができる点で優れている(例えば、特許文献1参照)。   Conventionally, as an alerting tool 100 laid on a road, as shown in FIG. 12, annular members 102 formed in an annular shape are alternately arranged in a staggered manner, and the outer peripheral ends thereof are connected by a strong connecting member 103. Things are known. The use of such an annular member 102 gives sufficient attention to the driver of the passing vehicle by giving a vibration a plurality of times (the number of times of riding on the annular member 102), as compared with a belt-like warning device. It is excellent in that it can be evoked and a sufficient installation force can be obtained without using an adhesive material even on a wet road surface (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

特開2006−2430号公報JP 2006-2430 A

また、このような一時的に敷設する注意喚起用具は、道路自体に凹凸などの段差を設ける恒久的なものとは異なり、必要な箇所に注意喚起用具を運搬可能な点でメリットがある。しかしながら、上述した千鳥に並べた構造では、この注意喚起用具を道路に敷設する状態のままで現地に運搬しなければならなかった。そのため、荷姿が大きく運搬作業が煩わしいと共に、運搬台(荷台)のスペースも広く確保しなければならなかった。また、注意喚起用具の収納スペースも広く確保しなければならなかった。   Moreover, unlike the permanent thing which provides level | step differences, such as an unevenness | corrugation, in such a road itself, such a warning tool laid temporarily has an advantage in the point which can convey a warning tool to a required location. However, in the above-mentioned structure arranged in a staggered manner, this warning tool had to be transported to the site while being laid on the road. For this reason, the load form is large and the carrying work is troublesome, and the space for the carrying bed (loading bed) has to be secured widely. In addition, it was necessary to secure a large storage space for alerting tools.

本発明は、上述した事情を鑑みてなされたものであり、現地への運搬作業を容易に行うことができる注意喚起用具を提供するためのものである。また、本発明は、この注意喚起用具を容易に折りたたむことができる注意喚起用具の折りたたみ方法を提供するためのものである。   This invention is made | formed in view of the situation mentioned above, and is for providing the alerting tool which can perform the conveyance work to the field easily. Moreover, this invention is for providing the folding method of the alerting tool which can fold this alerting tool easily.

上述課題を解決するため、本発明は、複数の環状部材の外周端部が隣接する態様で連結され、道路上に敷設してこの道路を通過する車両の運転者に振動で注意を喚起する注意喚起用具であって、隣り合って配置される前記環状部材の間に隙間を設け、これらの環状部材を屈曲可能な連結部材で連結したことを特徴とする。
これによれば、隣り合う環状部材を連結部材の部分で屈曲させて折りたたむことができるようになる。
In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention relates to a manner in which the outer peripheral ends of a plurality of annular members are connected in an adjacent manner, and a driver of a vehicle laying on a road and passing through the road is alerted by vibration. The stimulating tool is characterized in that a gap is provided between the annular members arranged adjacent to each other, and these annular members are connected by a connecting member that can be bent.
According to this, adjacent annular members can be bent and folded at the connecting member portion.

また、複数の環状部材の外周端部が隣接する態様で連結され、道路上に敷設してこの道路を通過する車両の運転者に振動で注意を喚起する注意喚起用具であって、前記環状部材を分割して構成し、この分割した部分の間に隙間を設け、これらの分割した部分を屈曲可能な連結部材で連結したことを特徴とする。   Further, the annular member is connected in a manner in which the outer peripheral ends thereof are adjacent to each other, and is a warning tool that alerts a driver of a vehicle laying on a road and passing through the road by vibration, the annular member It is characterized in that it is constituted by dividing, and a gap is provided between the divided parts, and these divided parts are connected by a connecting member that can be bent.

また、前記環状部材の間または前記環状部材を分割した部分の間の隙間は、前記環状部材の厚みの2倍以上になるように形成することもできる。
これによれば、隣り合う環状部材同士の面を合わせて、完全に2つ折りにして折りたたむことができるようになる。
Moreover, the clearance gap between the said annular members or the part which divided | segmented the said annular member can also be formed so that it may become 2 times or more of the thickness of the said annular member.
According to this, the surfaces of the adjacent annular members can be combined and completely folded into two to be folded.

さらに、前記連結部材は隣り合う前記環状部材に向かって長尺に形成されており、この長尺方向と略直角な方向の折れ線に沿って屈曲させることもできる。
これによれば、連結部材を容易に屈曲させることができるようになる。
Further, the connecting member is formed long toward the adjacent annular member, and can be bent along a fold line in a direction substantially perpendicular to the long direction.
According to this, the connecting member can be easily bent.

また、複数の前記連結部材を、折れ線が同一線となるように配置することもできる。
これによれば、複数の連結部材同士の一方の屈曲動作が他方の屈曲動作の抵抗とならないようになる。
A plurality of the connecting members may be arranged so that the broken lines are the same line.
According to this, one bending operation of the plurality of connecting members does not become a resistance of the other bending operation.

さらにまた、複数の前記環状部材を、碁盤目状に並べるように配置してもよい。
これによれば、連結部材の折れ線が長尺方向と略直角になると共に、連結部材が複数設けられる場合であっても、折れ線が同一線となる。
Furthermore, the plurality of annular members may be arranged in a grid pattern.
According to this, the broken line of the connecting member is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, and the broken line is the same line even when a plurality of connecting members are provided.

他方、複数の環状部材の外周端部が隣接する態様で連結され、隣り合って配置される前記環状部材または前記環状部材を分割した部分の間に隙間を設け、これらの環状部材または分割した部分を屈曲可能な連結部材で連結した注意喚起用具の折りたたみ方法であって、複数の前記環状部材を重ね合わせる態様で互い違いに折りたたむことを特徴とする。
これによれば、折りたたむ作業が容易に行え、かつ折りたたむための作業スペースも大きく確保する必要がなくなる。
On the other hand, the outer peripheral end portions of a plurality of annular members are connected in an adjacent manner, and a gap is provided between the annular members or the divided portions of the annular members arranged adjacent to each other, and these annular members or the divided portions Is a folding method of a warning tool that is connected by a connecting member that can be bent, wherein the plurality of annular members are alternately folded.
According to this, the folding work can be easily performed, and it is not necessary to secure a large work space for the folding.

本発明に係る注意喚起用具によれば、隣り合って配置される前記環状部材の間に隙間を設け、これらの環状部材を屈曲可能な連結部材で連結したり、或いは前記環状部材を分割して構成し、この分割した部分の間に隙間を設け、これらの分割した部分を屈曲可能な連結部材で連結したりしているので、隣り合う環状部材を連結部材の部分で屈曲させて折りたたむことによって、運搬時の荷姿をコンパクトにすることができる。その結果、折りたたまない場合と比較して、注意喚起用具の現地への運搬作業を容易に行うことができる。また、運搬のための運搬台のスペース、または収納スペースも広く確保する必要がなくなるため、利便性を有する。   According to the alert tool according to the present invention, a gap is provided between the annular members arranged adjacent to each other, and these annular members are connected by a connecting member that can be bent, or the annular member is divided. Since the gap is formed between the divided parts and the divided parts are connected by a connecting member that can be bent, the adjacent annular member is bent at the connecting member part and folded. , Packing during transportation can be made compact. As a result, compared with the case where it does not fold, the conveyance work to the spot of the alerting tool can be performed easily. In addition, it is not necessary to secure a large space for the transportation platform or a storage space for transportation, which is convenient.

また、本発明に係る注意喚起用具の折りたたみ方法によれば、複数の前記環状部材を重ね合わせる態様で互い違いに折りたたむようにしているので、運搬時の注意喚起用具をコンパクトにまとめることができる。また、互い違いに折りたたむ作業が、あたかも布団を折りたたむように容易に行えるため、作業者の敷設作業の負荷を軽減することができる。   Moreover, according to the folding method of the alerting tool which concerns on this invention, since it is made to fold alternately in the aspect which piles up the said some annular member, the alerting tool at the time of conveyance can be put together compactly. In addition, since the work of alternately folding can be easily performed as if a futon is folded, the load of the operator's laying work can be reduced.

本発明の実施の形態に係る注意喚起用具の平面図である。It is a top view of the alerting tool which concerns on embodiment of this invention. 図1のA部(環状部材)の拡大図である。It is an enlarged view of the A section (annular member) of FIG. 図2のB−B線で切断した断面図である。It is sectional drawing cut | disconnected by the BB line of FIG. 本発明に使用する連結部材であって、(A)は平面図、(B)は側面図、(C)は(A)のC−C線で切断した断面図である。It is a connection member used for this invention, Comprising: (A) is a top view, (B) is a side view, (C) is sectional drawing cut | disconnected by CC line of (A). 本発明の実施の形態に係る注意喚起用具を折りたたむ前の状態(使用状態)を示す外観斜視図である。It is an external appearance perspective view which shows the state (use condition) before folding the alerting tool which concerns on embodiment of this invention. 図5の状態から注意喚起用具の端部を上側に持ち上げた状態を示す外観斜視図である。It is an external appearance perspective view which shows the state which lifted up the edge part of the alerting tool from the state of FIG. 図6の状態から注意喚起用具の端側3段を折りたたんだ状態を示す外観斜視図である。It is an external appearance perspective view which shows the state which folded the edge side 3 steps | paragraphs of the alerting tool from the state of FIG. 図7の状態から折りたたんだ端側3段を上側に持ち上げた状態を示す外観斜視図である。It is an external appearance perspective view which shows the state which lifted the edge side 3 steps | folds folded up from the state of FIG. 7 upwards. 図8の状態から注意喚起用具の全5段を折りたたんだ状態(運搬状態)を示す外観斜視図である。It is an external appearance perspective view which shows the state (transportation state) which folded all the 5 steps | paragraphs of the alerting tool from the state of FIG. 本発明の他の実施形態であって、(A)は、6角形の環状部材の並べ方を示す平面図、(B)は、その折りたたんだ状態(運搬状態)を示す平面図である。It is other embodiment of this invention, Comprising: (A) is a top view which shows how to arrange a hexagonal annular member, (B) is a top view which shows the folded state (transport state). 本発明の他の実施形態であって、(A)は、3角形の環状部材の並べ方を示す平面図、(B)は、その折りたたんだ状態(運搬状態)を示す平面図である。It is other embodiment of this invention, Comprising: (A) is a top view which shows how to arrange a triangular annular member, (B) is a top view which shows the folded state (transport state). 本発明の他の実施形態であって、環状部材を分割して連結部材で連結した平面図である。It is other embodiment of this invention, Comprising: It is the top view which divided | segmented the annular member and connected with the connection member. 従来の注意喚起用具を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows the conventional alerting tool.

以下、本発明の実施の形態に係る注意喚起用具1について、図面を用いて詳細に説明する。図1は、本発明の注意喚起用具1の平面図である。なお、図1に示す注意喚起用具1には、矢印Sの方向から車両が走行して来て注意喚起用具1に乗り上げるものとする。また、以下の説明で記載する「前後方向」、「幅方向」の方向は、図1における車両の運転者から見た方向をいうものとする。また、「上下方向」の方向は、図1における紙面手前側を上方向、紙面奥側を下方向(道路に敷設される方向)とする。   Hereinafter, the alerting tool 1 which concerns on embodiment of this invention is demonstrated in detail using drawing. FIG. 1 is a plan view of the alerting tool 1 of the present invention. It is assumed that the alerting tool 1 shown in FIG. 1 travels from the direction of arrow S and rides on the alerting tool 1. Further, the directions of “front-rear direction” and “width direction” described in the following description are directions viewed from the driver of the vehicle in FIG. In addition, the “vertical direction” is defined as an upward direction on the front side of the paper in FIG. 1 and a downward direction on the back side of the paper (direction laid on the road).

注意喚起用具1は、図1に示すように、10個の環状部材2を備えている。これらの環状部材2は、ほぼ円形に形成されており、隣り合う環状部材2の外周側部が互いに隣接する態様で並べられている。より詳細には、環状部材2が、幅方向に5列、前後方向に2行と、前後方向および幅方向に略碁盤目状に並べて構成されている。また、この隣り合う環状部材2同士は、その隣接する部分で連結部材3によってそれぞれ連結されている。   As shown in FIG. 1, the alerting tool 1 includes ten annular members 2. These annular members 2 are formed in a substantially circular shape, and are arranged in such a manner that the outer peripheral side portions of the adjacent annular members 2 are adjacent to each other. More specifically, the annular member 2 is configured by arranging five rows in the width direction, two rows in the front-rear direction, and a substantially grid pattern in the front-rear direction and the width direction. The adjacent annular members 2 are connected to each other by connecting members 3 at the adjacent portions.

なお、注意喚起用具1の環状部材2の個数は、10個に限定されるものではなく、幅方向及び前後方向に略碁盤目状に配列されるものであれば、何個であっても構わない。この個数は、上述した連結部材3を用いた連結を追加または解除することによって、任意に変えることができる。また、上述した行および/または列の数も、敷設する道路幅などに合わせて任意に増減させることができる。   In addition, the number of the annular members 2 of the alerting tool 1 is not limited to ten, and may be any number as long as it is arranged in a substantially grid pattern in the width direction and the front-rear direction. Absent. This number can be arbitrarily changed by adding or releasing the connection using the connecting member 3 described above. In addition, the number of rows and / or columns described above can be arbitrarily increased or decreased according to the width of the road to be laid.

図2は、図1の注意喚起用具1のA部(環状部材2)の拡大図である。また、図3は、図2のB−B線で切断した断面図である。
環状部材2は、図2に示すように、4つの同芯環(詳細には、内側から第1同芯環2a、この外側に第2同芯環2b、このさらに外側に第3同芯環2c、このさらに外側(一番外側)に第4同芯環2d)を備えている。この4つの同芯環2a〜2dの円の中心はほぼ一致しており、これにより、環状部材2が全体として円形になるように形成されている。
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion A (annular member 2) of the alerting tool 1 of FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 2, the annular member 2 includes four concentric rings (specifically, a first concentric ring 2a from the inside, a second concentric ring 2b on the outside, and a third concentric ring on the outside. 2c, and a fourth concentric ring 2d) on the outer side (outermost side). The centers of the circles of the four concentric rings 2a to 2d are substantially coincident with each other, so that the annular member 2 is formed in a circular shape as a whole.

環状部材2には、円周方向に約90度の間隔を開けて、上述した連結部材3を取り付けるための連結部材取付部4が形成されている。この連結部材取付部4は、図3に示すように、円環の法線方向に延在し、第1同芯環2a〜第3同芯環2cまでを連結している(第4同芯環2dは連結されていない。この詳細は後述する)。
また、この連結部材取付部4の間には、約30度の間隔を開けて、連結部5が設けられている。この連結部5は、円環の法線方向に延在し、第1同芯環2a〜第4同芯環2dの全てを連結する態様で形成されている。
The annular member 2 is formed with a connecting member attaching portion 4 for attaching the connecting member 3 described above with an interval of about 90 degrees in the circumferential direction. As shown in FIG. 3, the connecting member mounting portion 4 extends in the normal direction of the ring and connects the first concentric ring 2a to the third concentric ring 2c (fourth concentric ring). Ring 2d is not connected, details of which will be described later).
Further, a connecting portion 5 is provided between the connecting member mounting portions 4 with an interval of about 30 degrees. This connection part 5 is extended in the normal line direction of a ring, and is formed in the aspect which connects all the 1st concentric rings 2a-the 4th concentric rings 2d.

これらの第1同芯環2a〜第4同芯環2d、連結部材取付部4、および連結部5は、それぞれ樹脂成型によって一体に形成されている。これにより、第1同芯環2a〜第4同芯環2dは、注意喚起用具1の上を通過する車両に振動を与える機能を果たし、連結部材取付部4および連結部5は、この環状部材2の連結強度を高めるための機能を果たしている。
また、環状部材2の樹脂材料は、車両が走行中に乗り上げたときの反発力が小さく、路面との接地力が高く、かつ、摩耗のし難い硬質の合成樹脂が好ましい。すなわち、この環状部材2自体で折り曲げて変形するような軟質な材料を使用するのは好ましくない。
The first concentric ring 2a to the fourth concentric ring 2d, the connecting member mounting portion 4, and the connecting portion 5 are integrally formed by resin molding. Thereby, the 1st concentric ring 2a-4th concentric ring 2d fulfill | performs the function which gives a vibration to the vehicle which passes on the alerting tool 1, and the connection member attaching part 4 and the connection part 5 are this annular member. The function for increasing the connection strength of 2 is achieved.
Further, the resin material of the annular member 2 is preferably a hard synthetic resin that has a small repulsive force when the vehicle rides while the vehicle is traveling, has a high contact force with the road surface, and is difficult to wear. That is, it is not preferable to use a soft material that can be bent and deformed by the annular member 2 itself.

連結部材取付部4は、図3に示すように、その上面側が平坦に形成された平坦部6と、連結部材3を把持するための把持部7とを備えている。
平坦部6は、上述した連結部材3を組み付ける際または組み付けた状態で、連結部材3が円環の法線方向へと摺動して移動可能なように形成されている。
As shown in FIG. 3, the connecting member attaching portion 4 includes a flat portion 6 having an upper surface formed flat and a gripping portion 7 for gripping the connecting member 3.
The flat portion 6 is formed so that the connecting member 3 can slide and move in the normal direction of the ring when the connecting member 3 is assembled or in the assembled state.

把持部7は、平坦部6の上側に突出する態様で形成されており、その内部に円環の法線方向に貫通する貫通穴8が形成されている。この貫通穴8に連結部材3を挿通させることにより、把持部7が連結部材3を把持するようになっている。なお、この把持部7は、図2および図3に示すように、第1同芯環2a〜第2同芯環2cの上側に形成された第1把持部7aと、第4同芯環2dの上側に形成された第2把持部7b(対応する貫通穴8も、第1貫通穴8a、第2貫通穴8bで示す)との2つで構成されている。   The gripping part 7 is formed in a form protruding above the flat part 6, and a through hole 8 penetrating in the normal direction of the ring is formed in the gripping part 7. The gripping part 7 grips the connecting member 3 by inserting the connecting member 3 through the through hole 8. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the gripping portion 7 includes a first gripping portion 7a formed on the upper side of the first concentric ring 2a to the second concentric ring 2c, and a fourth concentric ring 2d. And a second gripping portion 7b (a corresponding through hole 8 is also indicated by a first through hole 8a and a second through hole 8b).

図4は、連結部材3を単品で示したものであり、図4(A)は平面図、(B)は側面図、(C)は(A)のC−C線で切断した断面図である。
連結部材3は、長手方向を有する平板状に形成されたものであり、樹脂材料で成型されたものである。この樹脂材料は、柔らかく可撓性を有する素材が使用されており、詳細は後述するが、隣り合って接続された環状部材2同士を折りたたむ際に、連結部材3が自由に屈曲または伸展して折りたためるようなものである。
4A and 4B show the connecting member 3 as a single product. FIG. 4A is a plan view, FIG. 4B is a side view, and FIG. 4C is a cross-sectional view taken along line CC in FIG. is there.
The connecting member 3 is formed in a flat plate shape having a longitudinal direction, and is formed of a resin material. As this resin material, a soft and flexible material is used. As will be described in detail later, when the annular members 2 connected adjacent to each other are folded, the connecting member 3 is freely bent or extended. It's like folding.

また、連結部材3は、環状部材2の材料よりも強度が弱くなるように形成されている。例えば、注意喚起用具1が車両に引きずられるようなことがあったとしても、環状部材2が壊れるのではなく、この連結部材3が切断されて壊れるようになっている。   Further, the connecting member 3 is formed so as to have a lower strength than the material of the annular member 2. For example, even when the alerting tool 1 is dragged by the vehicle, the annular member 2 is not broken, but the connecting member 3 is cut and broken.

連結部材3は、隣り合う環状部材2を連結した状態において、これらの隣り合う環状部材2に向かって長尺な方向が向くように組み付けられる。
連結部材3は、その先端側3a(図4(A)の紙面右端側)に位置する第1係止部11と、反対の後端側3b(図4(A)の紙面左端側)に位置する第2係止部12と、長手方向と略直交する線に沿って折り曲げ可能な折り曲げ部13とで構成されている。この連結部材3は、長手方向に沿って貫通穴8a、8bに挿通させ易いように、先端側3aが略円形に面取りされている。
The connecting member 3 is assembled so that the long direction is directed toward the adjacent annular members 2 in a state where the adjacent annular members 2 are connected.
The connecting member 3 is positioned on the first locking portion 11 positioned on the front end side 3a (the right end side in FIG. 4A) and on the opposite rear end side 3b (the left end side in FIG. 4A). The second locking portion 12 and the bent portion 13 that can be bent along a line substantially orthogonal to the longitudinal direction. As for this connection member 3, the front end side 3a is chamfered substantially circular so that it may be easy to insert in the through-holes 8a and 8b along a longitudinal direction.

第1係止部11には、図4(A)、図4(B)に示すように、その上面から上側に突出する係止爪11aが幅方向(長手方向と直交する方向)に亘って形成されている。
一方、第2係止部12には、その後端部に上面および下面からそれぞれ突出する態様で係止爪12aが幅方向に亘って形成されている。
As shown in FIGS. 4 (A) and 4 (B), the first locking portion 11 has a locking claw 11a protruding upward from its upper surface in the width direction (direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction). Is formed.
On the other hand, a locking claw 12a is formed in the second locking portion 12 in the width direction in a manner protruding from the upper surface and the lower surface at the rear end portion.

また、折り曲げ部13は、長手方向と直交する線を折り線40(図6および図8参照)として折り曲げ可能なように形成されている。この折り曲げ部13の幅方向の両端には、補強用のリブ13a、13aがそれぞれに形成されている。このリブ13a、13aは、折り曲げたときにこの両端部から亀裂等が発生しないようにするためのものである。   The bending portion 13 is formed so that it can be bent with a line orthogonal to the longitudinal direction as a fold line 40 (see FIGS. 6 and 8). Reinforcing ribs 13a and 13a are respectively formed at both ends of the bent portion 13 in the width direction. The ribs 13a and 13a are for preventing cracks and the like from occurring at both ends when the ribs are bent.

折り曲げ部13の内側に位置する平板部13bは、連結部材3の折り曲げが容易にできる厚さに形成されている。より具体的には、連結部材3で環状部材2を連結した状態で、隣り合う環状部材2同士を作業者が容易に重ね合わせるように折り曲げることができるような厚さに形成されている(詳細は後述する)。   The flat plate portion 13b located inside the bent portion 13 is formed to a thickness that allows the connecting member 3 to be bent easily. More specifically, in a state where the annular member 2 is connected by the connecting member 3, the adjacent annular members 2 are formed to a thickness that can be folded so that the operator can easily overlap (details). Will be described later).

この連結部材3の取付は、図3に示すように、紙面右側に位置する環状部材2の貫通穴8a、8bに連結部材3を先端側3aから挿通させた後に、紙面左側の環状部材2の貫通穴8b、8aに挿通させることにより行われる。このとき、連結部材3の先端側3aの係止爪11aが、左側の環状部材2の第1把持部7aを通過し、第1把持部7aの縁部に係止するまで押し込む。また、連結部材3の後端側3bの係止爪12aも紙面右側の環状部材2の第1把持部7aの縁部に係止される。これにより、隣り合う環状部材2同士を連結部材3を用いて連結することができる。   As shown in FIG. 3, the connecting member 3 is attached after the connecting member 3 is inserted from the front end side 3a into the through holes 8a and 8b of the annular member 2 located on the right side of the drawing, and then the annular member 2 on the left side of the drawing is attached. This is performed by inserting the through holes 8b and 8a. At this time, the locking claw 11a on the distal end side 3a of the connecting member 3 passes through the first gripping portion 7a of the left annular member 2 and is pushed in until it is locked to the edge of the first gripping portion 7a. The locking claw 12a on the rear end side 3b of the connecting member 3 is also locked to the edge of the first gripping portion 7a of the annular member 2 on the right side of the drawing. Thereby, the adjacent annular members 2 can be connected using the connecting member 3.

係止爪11a、12aが第1把持部7aの縁部とそれぞれ当接した状態(図3に示す状態)では、隣り合う環状部材2同士の間に隙間Lが形成されるようになっている。この隙間Lの長さは、環状部材2を重ね合わせて折りたたみ易い長さが確保されている。より好ましくは、環状部材2の厚みTの2倍以上の長さにしている。   When the locking claws 11a and 12a are in contact with the edge of the first gripping portion 7a (the state shown in FIG. 3), a gap L is formed between the adjacent annular members 2. . The length of the gap L is ensured to be easy to fold by overlapping the annular members 2. More preferably, the length is two times or more the thickness T of the annular member 2.

また、連結部材3は、平坦部6の上を自由に摺動して移動できるようになっている。すなわち、連結した状態で環状部材2同士が互いに近づく方向へ押し込めば、連結部材3が平坦部6上を摺動移動し、この隙間Lが小さくなるように(環状部材2同士が密着した状態にすることもできる)調整できるようにしている。   Further, the connecting member 3 can freely slide and move on the flat portion 6. That is, if the annular members 2 are pushed in a direction in which they are close to each other in a connected state, the connecting member 3 slides on the flat portion 6 so that the gap L becomes small (the annular members 2 are in close contact with each other). Can also be adjusted).

次に、本発明の実施の形態に係る注意喚起用具1の作用および折りたたみ方法について、図5〜図9を用いて説明する。なお、図5〜図9において、説明を容易にするために、環状部材2の列(5列)に符号を付けて、右側から第1列21、第2列22、第3列23、第4列24、第5列25と表示する。   Next, the effect | action and folding method of the alerting tool 1 which concerns on embodiment of this invention are demonstrated using FIGS. 5 to 9, for ease of explanation, reference is made to the row (5 rows) of the annular member 2, and the first row 21, the second row 22, the third row 23, 4 columns 24 and 5 columns 25 are displayed.

注意喚起用具1は、第1列21から第5列25までを互い違いに折り返すことによってコンパクトに折りたたむことができる。図5は注意喚起用具1を折りたたむ前の状態であって、路面に敷設する使用状態を示している。この図5の状態から、図6に示すように、第1列21を上方向30へと持ち上げる。これにより、第1列21と第2列22とを連結する連結部材3は、山折りされた状態になる一方、第2列22と第3列23とを連結する連結部材3は、谷折りされた状態になる。   The alerting tool 1 can be folded compactly by alternately folding back the first row 21 to the fifth row 25. FIG. 5 shows a state in which the alerting tool 1 is in a state before it is folded and used on the road surface. From the state of FIG. 5, the first row 21 is lifted upward 30 as shown in FIG. 6. As a result, the connecting member 3 that connects the first row 21 and the second row 22 is in a mountain-folded state, while the connecting member 3 that connects the second row 22 and the third row 23 is valley-folded. It will be in the state.

この折り曲げは、前後方向に配置された2つの連結部材3が、この連結部材3の長手方向と略直交する方向(環状部材2の環の接線方向)に延びる折れ線40(図6および図8参照)を有し、かつ、この2つの折れ線が一つの直線上にある(2つの直線が一致している)。そのため、第1列21と第2列22とを折り曲げようとしたときに、2つの連結部材3が同じ折れ線40に沿って同方向に折れ曲がることにより、折り曲げ易くなっている。   In this bending, the two connecting members 3 arranged in the front-rear direction are bent lines 40 (see FIGS. 6 and 8) extending in a direction substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the connecting member 3 (tangential direction of the ring of the annular member 2). ) And the two polygonal lines are on one straight line (the two straight lines coincide). For this reason, when the first row 21 and the second row 22 are to be bent, the two connecting members 3 are bent in the same direction along the same folding line 40, thereby facilitating the bending.

図6の状態から第1列21を第3列23の上に置くようにすることで、第1列21〜第3列23までが、隣り合う列とそれぞれ互い違いに折り返され、重ね合わせられるようになる。このとき、隙間Lは、環状部材2の厚みTの2倍以上が確保されているので、隣り合う環状部材2の上面および下面同士が完全に密着するまで重ね合わせられるようになる。   By placing the first row 21 on the third row 23 from the state of FIG. 6, the first row 21 to the third row 23 are alternately folded and overlapped with the adjacent rows. become. At this time, since the gap L is secured at least twice the thickness T of the annular member 2, the gap L is overlapped until the upper and lower surfaces of the adjacent annular members 2 are completely in close contact with each other.

また、折り曲げ易さは、連結部材3の可撓性によるところが大きいが、本実施例の構造では、その他に、連結部材取付部4によって第4同芯環2dが他の第1〜第3同芯環2a〜2cと連結されていない構造になっているため、この部分の第4同芯環2dが変形し易く、第4同芯環2dが折り曲げ方向に撓み易い。これにより、折りたたむ際に、隣り合う環状部材2同士がより折り曲げ易くなるようにしている。   In addition, the ease of bending is largely due to the flexibility of the connecting member 3. However, in the structure of this embodiment, the fourth concentric ring 2 d is additionally connected to the other first to third members by the connecting member mounting portion 4. Since the structure is not connected to the core rings 2a to 2c, the fourth concentric ring 2d in this portion is easily deformed, and the fourth concentric ring 2d is easily bent in the bending direction. Thereby, when folding, the adjacent annular members 2 are more easily bent.

同様に、図8に示すように、重ね合わせた第1列21〜第3列23を上方向31へと持ち上げ、第5列25の上に置くようにする。これにより、図9に示すように、第1列21から第5列までが重ね合わせられ、運搬または収納時のコンパクトな荷姿に折りたたむことができる。   Similarly, as shown in FIG. 8, the superimposed first row 21 to third row 23 are lifted in the upward direction 31 and placed on the fifth row 25. As a result, as shown in FIG. 9, the first row 21 to the fifth row are overlapped and can be folded into a compact package during transportation or storage.

本発明の実施の形態に係る注意喚起用具1によれば、隣り合って配置される環状部材2の間に隙間Lを設け、これらの環状部材2を屈曲可能な連結部材3で連結しているので、隣り合う環状部材2を連結部材3の部分で屈曲させて折りたたむことによって、運搬時の注意喚起用具1の荷姿をコンパクトにすることができる。その結果、折りたたまない場合と比較して、注意喚起用具1の現地への運搬作業を容易に行うことができる。また、運搬のための運搬台のスペース、または収納スペースも広く確保する必要がなくなるため、利便性を有する。   According to the alerting tool 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention, a gap L is provided between the annular members 2 arranged adjacent to each other, and these annular members 2 are connected by a connecting member 3 that can be bent. Therefore, by bending the adjacent annular member 2 at the portion of the connecting member 3 and folding it, the packing form of the alerting tool 1 during transportation can be made compact. As a result, compared with the case where it does not fold, the conveyance work to the spot of the alerting tool 1 can be performed easily. In addition, it is not necessary to secure a large space for the transportation platform or a storage space for transportation, which is convenient.

また、環状部材2の間の隙間Lは、環状部材2の厚みの2倍以上になるように形成されているので、隣り合う環状部材2同士の面を合わせて、完全に2つ折りにして折りたたむことによって、さらに注意喚起用具1の荷姿をコンパクトにすることができる。その結果、注意喚起用具1の運搬作業の負荷を軽減することができる。   Further, since the gap L between the annular members 2 is formed to be twice or more the thickness of the annular member 2, the surfaces of the adjacent annular members 2 are matched and completely folded in two. By this, the package of the alerting tool 1 can be made more compact. As a result, it is possible to reduce the load of carrying work of the alerting tool 1.

さらに、連結部材3は隣り合う環状部材2に向かって長尺に形成されており、この長尺方向と略直角な方向の折れ線40に沿って屈曲させているので、連結部材を容易に屈曲させることができ、作業者の折りたたみ作業の負荷を軽減することができる。   Furthermore, since the connecting member 3 is formed in a long shape toward the adjacent annular member 2 and is bent along the fold line 40 in a direction substantially perpendicular to the long direction, the connecting member is easily bent. It is possible to reduce the load of the operator's folding work.

さらにまた、複数の連結部材3を、折れ線40が同一線となるように配置しているので、注意喚起用具1の使用時(折りたたんでいない状態)の形状を一定に保つことができると共に、折りたたみ時に作業者の折りたたみ作業を容易に行えるようにすることができる。   Furthermore, since the plurality of connecting members 3 are arranged so that the broken line 40 is the same line, the shape of the alerting tool 1 when it is in use (not folded) can be kept constant and folded. Sometimes the operator can easily perform the folding work.

また、複数の前記環状部材を、碁盤目状に並べているので、複数の連結部材同士の一方の屈曲動作が他方の屈曲動作の抵抗とならないようになり、注意喚起用具1の折りたたみ作業を容易に行えるようになる。また、折りたたんだ状態で、注意喚起用具1をコンパクトにまとめることができる。   Further, since the plurality of annular members are arranged in a grid pattern, the bending operation of one of the plurality of connecting members does not become a resistance of the other bending operation, and the folding work of the alerting tool 1 is facilitated. You can do it. Moreover, the alerting tool 1 can be packed compactly in the folded state.

他方、本発明の実施の形態に係る注意喚起用具1の折りたたみ方法によれば、複数の環状部材2を重ね合わせる態様で互い違いに折りたたんでいるので、運搬時の注意喚起用具1をコンパクトにまとめることができる。また、注意喚起用具1を折りたたむ作業が、あたかも布団を折りたたむように容易に行えるため、作業者の敷設作業の負荷を軽減することができる。   On the other hand, according to the folding method of the attention-raising tool 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention, since the plurality of annular members 2 are alternately folded in an overlapping manner, the attention-raising tool 1 at the time of transportation is compactly collected. Can do. Moreover, since the operation | work which folds the alerting tool 1 can be performed easily as if a futon is folded, the burden of an operator's laying operation | work can be reduced.

以上、本発明の実施の形態に係る注意喚起用具について述べたが、本発明は既述の実施形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の技術思想に基づいて各種の変形および変更が可能である。
例えば、本実施の形態では、環状部材2の形状を円形にしているが、折りたたむことが容易な形状であれば、円形に限られない。また、環状部材2を碁盤目状に配置しているが、これも折りたたむことが容易な配置であれば、この配置に限定するものではない。
As mentioned above, although the alerting tool according to the embodiment of the present invention has been described, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications and changes can be made based on the technical idea of the present invention. is there.
For example, in the present embodiment, the shape of the annular member 2 is circular, but the shape is not limited to a circle as long as it can be easily folded. Further, although the annular member 2 is arranged in a grid pattern, the arrangement is not limited to this arrangement as long as it can be easily folded.

例えば、図10(A)に示す注意喚起用具50は、略6角形の環状部材52を略千鳥状に並べて、連結部材3を用いて連結したものである。この場合であっても、隣り合う環状部材52の間に、少なくとも環状部材52の厚みの倍以上の隙間を設けることにより、環状部材52を互い違いに折りたたんで、図10(B)に示すようなコンパクトな荷姿にすることができる。また、このような構造では、連結部材3の折れ線が、連結部材3の長手方向と略直交するようにできると共に、6角形状の辺と平行になるようにすることができるので、折り曲げ易く構成することができる。   For example, the alerting tool 50 shown in FIG. 10A is formed by arranging approximately hexagonal annular members 52 in a substantially staggered manner and connecting them using the connecting member 3. Even in this case, the annular members 52 are alternately folded by providing a gap of at least twice the thickness of the annular members 52 between the adjacent annular members 52, as shown in FIG. It can be made into a compact packaging. Further, in such a structure, the fold line of the connecting member 3 can be made substantially orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the connecting member 3 and can be made parallel to the hexagonal side, so that the structure can be easily bent. can do.

また、図11(A)に示す注意喚起用具60は、略3角形の環状部材62の上下を交互に逆にして一列に並べて、連結部材3を用いて連結したものである。この場合であっても、隣り合う環状部材62の間に、少なくとも環状部材62の厚みの倍以上の隙間を設けることにより、環状部材62を互い違いに折りたたんで、図11(B)に示すようなコンパクトな荷姿にすることができる。また、このような構造では、連結部材3の折り曲げの際の折れ線が、連結部材3の長手方向と略直交するようにできると共に、3角形状の辺と平行になるようにすることができるので、折り曲げ易く構成することができる。   Moreover, the alerting tool 60 shown to FIG. 11 (A) is connected using the connection member 3 by arranging the substantially triangular annular member 62 in a line with the top and bottom being alternately reversed. Even in this case, the annular members 62 are alternately folded by providing a gap of at least twice the thickness of the annular members 62 between the adjacent annular members 62, as shown in FIG. It can be made into a compact packaging. Further, in such a structure, the fold line at the time of bending of the connecting member 3 can be made substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the connecting member 3 and can be made parallel to the side of the triangle. It can be configured to be easily bent.

一方、図12(従来図)に示すように、円環状の環状部材102を千鳥状に配置する場合であっても、隣り合う環状部材102同士の間に十分な隙間を設けること、および、可撓性を有する連結部材3で連結することにより、折りたたむことができる。しかしながら、連結する2つの環状部材102の連結点が、環状部材102の中心を基点にして約120度の角度で存在してしまうため、連結部材3の折り曲げの際の折れ線を連結部材3の長手方向と略直交するようにできず、かつ、これらの折れ線が一致した直線上にあるようにすることができない。そのため、折り曲げるには連結部材3を斜めに折り曲げることになる。ゆえに、注意喚起用具を折りたたむための環状部材102の配置としてはあまり好ましくない。   On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 12 (conventional view), even when the annular members 102 are arranged in a staggered manner, it is possible to provide a sufficient gap between adjacent annular members 102 and It can fold by connecting with the connecting member 3 which has flexibility. However, since the connecting point of the two annular members 102 to be connected exists at an angle of about 120 degrees with the center of the annular member 102 as the base point, the fold line when the connecting member 3 is bent is connected to the longitudinal direction of the connecting member 3. It cannot be made to be substantially orthogonal to the direction, and these broken lines cannot be on the same straight line. Therefore, the connecting member 3 is bent obliquely for bending. Therefore, the arrangement of the annular member 102 for folding the alerting tool is not preferable.

また、本実施の形態における連結部材3は、一体成型された可撓性のある樹脂材料で形成されているが、例えば、キャタピラのように、連結部材の構造的に屈曲または伸展が可能なものであっても構わない。すなわち、隣り合う環状部材2同士を折りたたむ際に、連結部材がこの折り曲げに追従し、容易に折りたたむことができるもの或いは構造であれば、本発明に使用することができる。   In addition, the connecting member 3 in the present embodiment is formed of an integrally molded flexible resin material. For example, the connecting member 3 can be bent or extended structurally like a caterpillar. It does not matter. That is, when the adjacent annular members 2 are folded, the connecting member can follow the bending and can be used for the present invention as long as it can be folded easily.

さらに、本実施の形態では、全ての連結部材3に可撓性のあるものを使用しているが、折りたたむのに必要な箇所にだけ可撓性のある連結部材3を使用して、折りたたまない部分には、剛性の高い連結部材を使用することもできる。例えば、図1における前後方向に隣り合って配置される環状部材2同士は、剛性の高い連結部材を使用して連結したとしても、図9に示す折りたたみ形状にまとめることができる。これにより、折りたたみ形状や車両が注意喚起用具に乗り上げる負荷方向などを考慮して、より使用状況に適した剛性の高い注意喚起用具を提供することもできる。   Further, in the present embodiment, flexible members are used for all the connecting members 3, but the flexible connecting members 3 are used only in places necessary for folding, and the connecting members 3 are not folded. A highly rigid connecting member can also be used for the portion. For example, even if the annular members 2 arranged adjacent to each other in the front-rear direction in FIG. 1 are connected using a highly rigid connecting member, they can be combined into the folded shape shown in FIG. Accordingly, it is possible to provide a high-rigidity warning device that is more suitable for use in consideration of the folding shape and the load direction in which the vehicle rides on the warning device.

さらにまた、本実施の形態では、折りたたむための折れ線40が隣り合う環状部材2の接線とほぼ同じ線となる(折れ線40と接線とがほぼ重なる)ように構成しているが、構造によってはこの折れ線40の位置をずらすこともできる。図12は、本発明の他の実施形態であって、環状部材2を分割して連結部材3で連結した状態を示す平面図である。   Furthermore, in the present embodiment, the folding line 40 for folding is configured to be substantially the same line as the tangent line of the adjacent annular member 2 (the folding line 40 and the tangent line substantially overlap). The position of the broken line 40 can also be shifted. FIG. 12 is a plan view showing a state in which the annular member 2 is divided and connected by the connecting member 3 according to another embodiment of the present invention.

この図12に示す注意喚起用具70は、環状部材72を半円形状に分割した半円状部材73、73で構成し、この分割した部分に隙間をあけ、かつこの分割した部分を弾性を有する屈曲可能な連結部材3で連結したものである。この連結部材3を用いた連結構造は、本実施の形態と同じ構造であるため、その詳細説明については省略する。また、隣り合う環状部材72同士は、剛性のある屈曲しない連結部材74で強固に連結している。なお、連結部材74は、半円状部材73と一体に形成してもよい。   The alerting tool 70 shown in FIG. 12 includes semicircular members 73 and 73 obtained by dividing an annular member 72 into a semicircular shape, a gap is formed in the divided portion, and the divided portion has elasticity. It is connected by a connecting member 3 that can be bent. Since the connection structure using this connection member 3 is the same structure as this Embodiment, it abbreviate | omits about the detailed description. Adjacent annular members 72 are firmly connected by a rigid and non-bending connecting member 74. The connecting member 74 may be formed integrally with the semicircular member 73.

このような構成では、注意喚起用具70を折りたたむための折れ線40は、2つの連結部材3を繋いだ線と同じ線になる。この折れ線40を基準に互い違いに折りたたむことによって、注意喚起用具70を容易に折りたたむことができ、かつ、コンパクトにまとめることができる。さらに、折れ線40上に2つの連結部材3が存在するようになるため、さらに連結強度を向上させることができる。   In such a configuration, the fold line 40 for folding the alerting tool 70 is the same line as the line connecting the two connecting members 3. By folding alternately on the basis of the broken line 40, the alerting tool 70 can be easily folded and can be compactly assembled. Furthermore, since the two connecting members 3 exist on the broken line 40, the connection strength can be further improved.

なお、連結部材74の代わりに弾性を有する連結部材3で連結し、この部分でも折りたたむことができるようにすることもできる。このように構成すれば、さらに折りたたみ形状をコンパクトにすることができる。   In addition, it can connect with the connection member 3 which has elasticity instead of the connection member 74, and it can also be made to be able to be folded also in this part. If comprised in this way, folding shape can be made further compact.

1、50、60、70 注意喚起用具
2、52、62、72 環状部材
2a 第1同芯環
2b 第2同芯環
2c 第3同芯環
2d 第4同芯環
3 連結部材
4 連結部材取付部
4a 先端側
4b 後端側
5 連結部
6 平坦部
7 把持部
7a 第1把持部
7b 第2把持部
8 貫通穴
8a 第1貫通穴
8b 第2貫通穴
11 第1係止部
11a 係止爪
12 第2係止部
12a 係止爪
13 折り曲げ部
13a 補強リブ
13b 平板部
21 第1列
22 第2列
23 第3列
24 第4列
25 第5列
30、31 上方向
40 折れ線
73 半円状部材
74 連結部材
L 隙間
T 環状部材の厚み
S 車両走行方向
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 50, 60, 70 Warning tool 2, 52, 62, 72 Annular member 2a 1st concentric ring 2b 2nd concentric ring 2c 3rd concentric ring 2d 4th concentric ring 3 Connecting member 4 Connecting member attachment Part 4a front end side 4b rear end side 5 connecting part 6 flat part 7 gripping part 7a first gripping part 7b second gripping part 8 through hole 8a first through hole 8b second through hole 11 first locking part 11a locking claw 12 Second locking portion 12a Locking claw 13 Bending portion 13a Reinforcing rib 13b Flat plate portion 21 1st row 22 2nd row 23 3rd row 24 4th row 25 5th row 30, 31 Up direction 40 Folding line 73 Semicircular shape Member 74 Connecting member L Gap T Thickness of annular member S Vehicle traveling direction

Claims (7)

複数の環状部材の外周端部が隣接する態様で連結され、道路上に敷設してこの道路を通過する車両の運転者に振動で注意を喚起する注意喚起用具であって、
隣り合って配置される前記環状部材の間に隙間を設け、これらの環状部材を屈曲可能な連結部材で連結したことを特徴とする注意喚起用具。
It is a warning device that is connected in a manner in which the outer peripheral ends of a plurality of annular members are adjacent to each other, and that draws attention to the driver of a vehicle that is laid on the road and passes through the road by vibrations,
A warning tool characterized in that a gap is provided between the annular members arranged adjacent to each other, and these annular members are connected by a connecting member that can be bent.
複数の環状部材の外周端部が隣接する態様で連結され、道路上に敷設してこの道路を通過する車両の運転者に振動で注意を喚起する注意喚起用具であって、
前記環状部材を分割して構成し、この分割した部分の間に隙間を設け、これらの分割した部分を屈曲可能な連結部材で連結したことを特徴とする注意喚起用具。
It is a warning device that is connected in a manner in which the outer peripheral ends of a plurality of annular members are adjacent to each other, and that draws attention to the driver of a vehicle that is laid on the road and passes through the road by vibrations,
A ring-shaped member is divided, a gap is provided between the divided portions, and the divided portions are connected by a connecting member that can be bent.
前記環状部材の間または前記環状部材を分割した部分の間の隙間は、前記環状部材の厚みの2倍以上になるように形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載の注意喚起用具。   The clearance gap between the said annular members or the part which divided | segmented the said annular member is formed so that it may become 2 times or more of the thickness of the said annular member, The Claim 1 or Claim 2 characterized by the above-mentioned. Reminder tool. 前記連結部材は隣り合う前記環状部材に向かって長尺に形成されており、この長尺方向と略直角な方向の折れ線に沿って屈曲させたことを特徴とする請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1つに記載の注意喚起用具。   The said connection member is formed in elongate toward the said adjacent annular member, It was made to bend along the broken line of the direction substantially orthogonal to this elongate direction. The alerting tool as described in any one. 複数の前記連結部材を、折れ線が同一線となるように配置したことを特徴とする請求項4に記載の注意喚起用具。   The alerting tool according to claim 4, wherein the plurality of connecting members are arranged such that the polygonal lines are the same line. 複数の前記環状部材を、碁盤目状に並べたことを特徴とする請求項1から請求項5のいずれか1つに記載の注意喚起用具。   The alerting tool according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the plurality of annular members are arranged in a grid pattern. 複数の環状部材の外周端部が隣接する態様で連結され、隣り合って配置される前記環状部材の間または前記環状部材を分割した部分の間に隙間を設け、これらの環状部材または分割した部分を屈曲可能な連結部材で連結した注意喚起用具の折りたたみ方法であって、
複数の前記環状部材を重ね合わせる態様で互い違いに折りたたむことを特徴とする注意喚起用具の折りたたみ方法。
A plurality of annular members are connected in an adjacent manner, and a gap is provided between the annular members arranged adjacent to each other or between the divided parts of the annular members, and these annular members or divided parts. Is a folding method of a warning tool connected by a connecting member that can be bent,
A folding method for a reminder, wherein the plurality of annular members are alternately folded in an overlapping manner.
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JP2012193603A (en) * 2011-02-28 2012-10-11 Ssc:Kk Potable driving attention attracting tool
JP5548326B2 (en) * 2012-10-22 2014-07-16 上北建設株式会社 Alerting tool with intrusion detection function and intrusion detection device using the same
JP5548327B2 (en) * 2012-10-22 2014-07-16 上北建設株式会社 Connecting parts for warning tools
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JPH03128576U (en) * 1990-04-09 1991-12-25
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