JP4546211B2 - Method and apparatus for controlling algae in lakes and marshes - Google Patents

Description

The present invention collects surface water such as lakes on the lower surface side of the light shielding member, and pushes the collected surface water into the deep part of the lakes, etc. The present invention relates to a method for controlling algae in a lake or the like that suppresses or kills growth, and an apparatus therefor.

  Lakes, swamps, reservoirs, dam lakes, etc. (hereinafter referred to as lakes and marshes) often have a large amount of blue sea urchins from spring to autumn, especially in the summer. In addition, there is a problem that the taste of tap water is ruined because it often has a musty smell in the water. In addition, what is the true color that makes the water in lakes and marshes become dark green, it is known that it is a color that countless lower plants called cyanobacteria appear when examined under a microscope.

  In addition, when blue sea urchins occur in lakes and dam lakes, swimming and boating are not possible, and the tourism value is drastically reduced. In addition, there are some cases where poisonous species exist in the sea lions, and hundreds to thousands of livestock swallowed with water have been reported overseas. There is also a report that such a poisonous auko has occurred in our country, and there is a possibility that it will occur frequently in the future.

  Then, when we investigated why water otters have become more common recently, the cause of this is that humans and livestock manure and fertilizers that flow into farmland and golf courses flow into lakes and marshes. This is because the number of (especially phosphorus and nitrogen) increased, and algae using these as nutrients grew.

  However, if phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N), which are nutrients, increase in lakes and marshes, algae will not necessarily grow. In addition to nutrients, the environment in which photosynthesis is promoted by sunlight and the water temperature are above the specified temperature. And any one of these will not grow. In this regard, in the winter season, algae do not grow because the water temperature of lakes and marshes is low, so there is no occurrence of sea cucumbers. However, from spring to autumn, especially in the summer, the water in the lake and the like is divided into three layers in the depth direction, the surface layer is light water warmed by sunlight, the bottom layer is cold and heavy water as spring, and the middle layer is It becomes new water flowing in from rivers. This three-layer structure is extremely strong, and even if it rains or wind blows, water such as lakes does not mix.

  Accordingly, in the summer season and the like, a large amount of watermelon is generated on the surface layer, so it is necessary to suppress or kill the growth of the watermelon. As one method for that purpose, for example, there is a method proposed in Patent Document 1. In the method proposed in Patent Document 1, a light shielding member is installed on a part of the water surface of a lake or the like, and a cylinder is installed at the bottom of the water, and air is supplied to the cylinder and the bottom of the lake or the like is supplied. The water on the side is aerated and moved to the lower surface side of the light shielding member to shield the light, thereby improving the water quality.

  The method proposed in Patent Document 1 is excellent in that water can be circulated in a lake or the like. Moreover, it is excellent in that the light-growth member can be used in combination to suppress or kill the growth of the sea bream. Furthermore, it is excellent in that the surface water can be moved to a deep part of a lake or the like where sunlight does not reach to suppress or kill the growth of blue sea bream in the dark. However, in the method of supplying air to the feed cylinder as in Patent Document 1 and aeration of water at the bottom of a lake or the like, there is a problem that turbulent mixing occurs and orderly water replacement is difficult to occur. It was. In addition, algae such as sea cucumbers are largely generated on the surface layer, but the surface water is once circulated in the lake and moved to the lower surface side of the light shielding member, so that all surface water is surely placed on the lower surface side of the light shielding member. There are cases where it is difficult to move, and there is room for improvement in these respects.

  Further, in the method proposed in Patent Document 1, in shallow lakes and the like where the water depth is about 5 m, since sunlight reaches the deep part of the lakes and the like, a dark place is not formed, and surface water is disclosed in Patent Document 1. There is little need to circulate in lakes etc. by the proposed method. In such a shallow lake or the like, the method of improving the water quality using only the light-shielding member proposed in Patent Document 2 is better in view of the installation cost and the labor of the work.

  Here, when examining the size of the light shielding member necessary for growing or killing algae such as the sea bream with only the light shielding member proposed in Patent Document 2, this is related to the area of the water surface such as a lake. To do. It is more effective to make the shading member larger, but because the surface area of lakes and marshes is large, enormous costs are incurred just by partially covering it, and if the shading area is too large, all algae will be killed. Another problem arises that ecosystems such as lakes are destroyed. In other words, algae are basic producers and oxygen suppliers that support ecosystems such as lakes, so when they are annihilated, the lake water becomes anoxic and the organisms such as fish are annihilated. Therefore, it is necessary to leave some harmless algae.

  Considering the above points, the initial growth rate of algae in nature is slow, and it takes about a week or five days to increase twice, and the whole lake water is under the shading member before the algae divide into two. When calculating the area required to enter a day, it will be about 15-20%. However, this is a case where the whole lake water is neatly replaced under the shading member. Actually, it is predicted that about 30 to 40% of the double will be required due to the effects of wind and solar radiation. The Therefore, when a light-shielding member was floated on the surface of a small lake or the like actually, a lake disappeared when it covered 30% or more, and when it was 20% or less, it became cloudy in dark green. Could not be killed.

  Therefore, it can be seen that the area required for shading is between 20% and 30%. However, when a demonstration experiment was conducted in a larger lake, etc., it was possible to surely suppress or kill the growth of algae such as sea lions. Found that 30% is necessary. This is because the lake water stagnate, so the water does not change in an orderly manner in all the lakes. If all the lake water enters the lower surface side of the shading member in turn without any waste, about 15% should be sufficient.

However, at the present time, a method for orderly moving lake water to the lower surface side of the light shielding member and an apparatus therefor have not been proposed yet, so it is necessary to cover 30% of the water surface with the light shielding member. However, if it becomes 30% of the water surface of large lakes and marshes, it becomes a huge area, and there is room for improvement in terms of its installation cost and too much work.
JP 2001-321794 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-128963

The present invention provides a new method for controlling algae in lakes and the like and a device for the same that can suppress or kill the growth of algae such as sea cucumber even if a light shielding member having a smaller area than the conventional one is used. Is the subject.

The method for controlling algae in lakes and marshes of the present invention made for the purpose of solving the above problems is 15 to 30% of the total area of the water surface floated on the water surface of any of lakes, swamps, reservoirs or dams. a light blocking member having an area, comprising: a conduit which is provided by hanging the lower surface side of the light shielding member, and pushing means provided in said water conduit pipe, by driving the pressing inclusive means, the upper opening of the conductor water tube by capturing surface water containing algae to the water guide pipe from, together to suppress or kill the growth of algae in the lower surface of the lower surface to move the surface water light shielding member of the light shielding member, taken in the conduit surface Water is circulated in the lake, swamp, reservoir, or dam by pushing water into the deep part of the lake, swamp, reservoir, or dam from the lower opening through the water conduit .

Further, the control apparatus of algae in lakes and the like of the present invention made for the purpose of solving the above problems, lakes, swamps, was floated on either surface of the water reservoirs or dams, 15 of the total area of the water surface A light-shielding member that has an area of -30% and shields algae in the surface water from sunlight, a water conduit that is suspended from the lower surface of the light-shielding member, and sucks surface water from the upper opening of the water conduit the lake lower opening the accepted surface water in the water conduit through the conductor water pipe, swamps, the push Mutame deep reservoirs or dams, provided conductor water pipe, a screw, a pump or jetting instrumentation placed et consisting pushing means If the provided light shielding member or said water conduit, a drive means comprising a motor or engine for driving the pushing means, the power of the order to actuate the drive means, in gasoline or diesel An energy supply means that is characterized in that it comprises a.

In the above structure, the energy supply means may be configured to include a device for storing electric electricity generated by photovoltaic panels provided on the light-shielding member.

According to the method and apparatus for controlling algae in lakes and the like according to the present invention, surface water such as lakes and marshes can be orderly moved to the lower surface side of the light shielding member. Its growth can be quickly suppressed at a stage. Moreover, since the surface water moved to the lower surface side of the light-shielding member is pushed into a deep part such as a lake, when a dark place is formed in the deep part, algae can be killed there. Furthermore, since the water in the lakes and the like is circulated in the lakes and the like centering on the light shielding member, the area of the light shielding member is conventionally increased in combination with the orderly movement of the surface water to the lower surface side of the light shielding member. The effect that it can be made small is acquired. In addition, the method and apparatus for controlling algae in lakes and the like of the present invention can be suitably applied not only to lakes and the like with deep water depth but also to lakes and the like where the water depth is shallow and dark places are hard to form on the bottom side.

Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Figure 1 is an example cross-sectional view of the control device of the algae that put in lakes or the like showing a state of applying a lake or the like of the present invention, FIG 2 is a control device for algae definitive to another example lakes, such as the present invention lakes, etc. FIG. 3 is a plan view of a lake or the like where the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 is installed, and FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a state where the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 is applied to a dam lake.

In FIG. 1, 1 is a lake and the like, 2 is a lake of this lake and the like 1, S is a surface layer, and m is an algae such as sea lions generated in the surface layer S. Reference numeral 3 denotes a light shielding member of the algae control device A in a lake or the like of an example of the present invention, which is appropriately floated on the water surface of the lake or the like 1 by a buoyant member. The light shielding member 3 is a plate member made of wood, synthetic resin or metal, and here, a plate member made of synthetic resin is used. Although not shown, the light shielding member 3 may be formed by a central float member and a light shielding sheet made of a synthetic resin having buoyancy provided around the float member so as to surround the float member.

  Reference numeral 4 denotes a water guide pipe that is hung from a substantially central portion on the lower surface side of the light shielding member 3. Here, the upper member 4 a is suspended by the rope member 5 so that an appropriate distance is maintained from the lower surface of the light shielding member 3. It is installed. In addition, although the upper part 4a of the water conduit 4 is expanded upward so that the lake water 2 can easily flow into the water conduit 4, it may not be expanded. The length of the water guide pipe 4 can be set according to the depth of the place where the device A is installed in the lake 1 or the like, and can be longer or shorter than that shown in FIG. The water conduit 4 can be a hollow tube made of steel, synthetic resin, or wood.

  Reference numeral 6 denotes a screw as a pushing means provided on the upper side of the water guide pipe 4, and is rotated by a shaft 7 a by a motor 7 as a driving means installed on the upper surface of the light shielding member 3. By the rotation of the screw 6, the water on the water surface side of the lake water 2, that is, the surface water in which algae such as blue seaweeds are generated moves to the lower surface side of the light shielding member 3 in the direction indicated by the arrow in FIG. While being shielded from light, it suppresses the growth of algae and passes through the water guide pipe 4 and is pushed into the deep part of the lake and the like 1 from the lower opening. As the pushing means, in addition to the screw 6, other means capable of pushing or flowing water by ejecting a fluid, such as a pump or a jet injection device, can be used. In addition to the motor 7, an engine or the like can be used as the driving means. The moving speed of the surface water can be adjusted by changing the rotational speed of the screw 6. For example, the lake water 2 moves to the lower surface side of the light shielding member 3 at a rate of once every five days to one week. Can be set to

  If a dark place where sunlight does not reach is formed in the deep part (bottom side) of lakes and marshes 1, the algae, such as the water of the surface water that has been pushed in, will deteriorate its physiological action and will die if this is repeated It becomes. Even in a shallow lake or the like where no dark place is formed, the light shielding member 3 is effective because the growth can be suppressed or killed at an early stage where the speed of growth of algae such as the sea bream is slow.

  8 is an energy supply device such as electric power installed on the upper surface of the light shielding member 3 for supplying electricity for driving the motor 7. When the driving means is an engine or the like, gasoline, light oil or the like is supplied. The energy supply device 8 may be configured to be installed not in the upper surface of the light shielding member 3 but in the light shielding member 3. Although not shown, a solar battery panel can be installed on the upper surface of the light shielding member 3 to save energy, and a storage battery that stores electricity generated by the power generation panel can be incorporated into the energy supply device 8.

Next, referring to FIG. 2, a description will be given of an algae control apparatus B in a lake or the like of another example of the present invention in which the water conduit is configured differently from that shown in FIG. In addition, the same code | symbol as the code | symbol shown in FIG. 1 has shown the same member. Thus, the water conduit 9 shown in FIG. 2 is attached with its upper end in contact with the substantially central portion on the lower surface side of the light shielding member. 9a is an opening formed on the upper side surface of the water conduit 9, and the form of formation is arbitrary. For example, two or four large openings 9a are formed on the opposite side surface. Can be formed.

In the algae control device B in a lake or the like shown in FIG. 2, the surface water moves to the lower surface side of the light shielding member 3 by the rotation of the screw 6 and is shielded by the light shielding member 3, and from the opening 9a to the water conduit 8 And is pushed into the deep part of the lake etc. 1 from the lower opening through the inside of the conduit 8. In addition, in the apparatus shown in FIG. 2, in addition to the screw 6, a pump, a jet injection device or the like can be used as the pushing means, and an engine or the like can be used as the driving means in addition to the motor 7. .

FIG. 3 is a plan view of the algae control device A in the lake etc. shown in FIG. 1 as viewed from above the lake etc. 1. The lake water 2 is orderly centered on the light shielding member 3 as shown by the arrows in FIG. It turns out that it still flows. The size of the light-shielding member 3 depends on the scale of the lake 1 or the like, but when the apparatus of the present invention is applied to a large-scale lake or the like, it may be about 20% of the surface area of the lake or the like. It is also possible to adjust it to 20% or less, for example, about 15% by adjusting the rotation speed of the motor.

Next, the case where the algae control apparatus A in the lake etc. shown in FIG. 1 is applied to the dam lake 10 will be described with reference to FIG. In addition, the same code | symbol as the code | symbol shown in FIG. 1 has shown the same member. In FIG. 4, 11 is the concrete wall of the dam lake 10, and 12 is the lake water.

Algae control device A in the lake is installed on the deep side of the dam lake 10 near the concrete wall 11, but depending on the dam lake, it may be installed closer to the center of the dam lake. . In this pushing circulation type shading device A, a part of the surface water pushed from the lower opening of the water conduit 4 to the bottom side moves orderly along the inner surface of the concrete wall 11 and the other side is shallower side. After moving toward the surface layer S and rising to the surface layer S side, it moves in an orderly manner toward the light shielding member 3 along the water surface. In addition, the water conduit 4 can also use a thing longer than what was shown in FIG.

The configurations of the algae control devices A and B in lakes and the like that implement the present invention are as described above, but the configuration of each part of the device is not limited to those of the devices A and B.

  The present invention can use a light shielding member having a smaller area than the conventional one, so that it does not cost much even when applied to a large lake or the like, and the installation work is easy. There is an advantage. In addition, the present invention can be suitably applied not only to lakes and the like with deep water but also to lakes and the like with shallow water, so there is an advantage that it can be applied not only to Japan but also to all lakes and the like around the world.

Sectional drawing which shows the state which applied the control apparatus of the algae in the lake etc. of an example of this invention to a lake. Sectional drawing which shows the state which applied the control apparatus of the algae in the lake etc. of another example of this invention to a lake etc. The top view of lakes etc. which installed the apparatus shown in FIG. Sectional drawing which shows the state which applied the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 to the dam lake.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Lake etc. 2,12 Lake water 3 Shading member 4,9 Water guide pipe 5 Rope member 6 Screw 7 Motor 8 Energy supply device
10 Dam Lake
11 Concrete wall A, B Algae control device in lakes and marshes S Surface m

Claims (3)

15-3 of the total area of the water surface floating on the surface of any of lakes, swamps, reservoirs or dams A light-shielding member having an area of 0%, a water conduit provided by being suspended from the lower surface side of the light-shielding member, and the light guide Pushing means provided in the water pipe, and driving the pushing means to open the upper opening of the water conduit. Surface water containing algae from the surface of the light shielding member. To suppress or kill the growth of algae on the lower surface of the light-shielding member. The surface water taken into the water pipe passes through the water pipe and from the lower opening to the depth of the lake, swamp, reservoir or dam. A lake characterized by circulating water within a lake, swamp, reservoir, or dam by pushing it into the area Control method of algae in swamps. 15-3 of the total area of the water surface floating on the surface of any of lakes, swamps, reservoirs or dams A light shielding member having an area of 0% and shielding algae in the surface water from sunlight.
A water conduit provided hanging down on the lower surface side of the light shielding member;
Surface water is sucked from the upper opening of the conduit, and the surface water taken into the conduit is passed through the conduit. And provided in the conduit for pushing into the deep part of the lake, swamp, reservoir or dam from the lower opening. Pushing means comprising a screw, pump or jet injection device;
A motor or drive for driving the pushing means provided in the light shielding member or the water conduit. Is a driving means consisting of an engine,
Energy supply means by electric power, gasoline or light oil for operating the drive means; A device for controlling algae in lakes and the like characterized by comprising: The energy supply means generates power by a solar power generation panel provided on the light shielding member. The apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising a device for storing electricity. Algae control device.

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