JP4542460B2 - Cutting tool and cutting method using the cutting tool - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a cutting tool that cuts the surface of a workpiece while rotating around an axis, and a cutting method using the cutting tool.

  Conventionally, as shown in FIG. 8, a substantially disk-shaped tool body 31 that rotates around the axis Y and an outer periphery of a tip surface 31 b that faces a workpiece (not shown) of the tool body 31 are arranged at predetermined intervals. The cutting tool 30 provided with the cutting part 32 to be performed has been proposed. Moreover, as a cutting method using the cutting tool 30, the following method was taken.

(1) The rotating shaft 21a of the machine tool 20 as shown in FIG. 7 is mounted on the mounting portion 33 formed so as to protrude from the center of the base end surface 31a of the tool main body portion 31. For example, one end of the jig J is fitted into a key groove provided on the upper surface of the mounting portion 33, and the other end of the jig J is fitted into the rotation drive unit 21 of the machine tool 20.
(2) The tool body 31 is moved onto the workpiece W, and the cutting portion 32 disposed on the tip surface 31b of the tool body 31 is brought into contact with the surface of the workpiece W.
(3) The machine tool 20 is driven to rotate the tool main body 31 around the axis Y, and the tool main body 31 and / or the work W are moved in the horizontal direction by a predetermined distance according to the shape of the work W. Then, the surface of the workpiece W is cut. At that time, cutting fluid or the like is supplied from the outside of the tool main body 31 to cut the surface of the work W while cooling the processing surface of the work W (the contact surface between the cutting portion 32 and the work W) and the tool main body 31. Was.

  However, since the cooling effect of the machining surface is low only by supplying cutting fluid or the like from the outside of the tool main body 31, the workpiece W is thermally expanded by heat during machining, and the workpiece W is distorted by this thermal expansion. There is a problem that the processing accuracy of the workpiece W is lowered. In addition, there is a problem that wear of the cutting portion 32 is promoted and the life of the cutting tool 30 is shortened. Moreover, since the cooling effect of the tool main body 31 is also lowered, the durability of the tool main body 31 is lowered, which also causes the short life of the cutting tool 30.

  Further, by supplying cutting fluid or the like from the outside of the tool body 31, chips generated during machining enter the inside of the tool body 31 from the gap S between the tip surface 31 b and the workpiece W, and hit the chips. Chip entanglement and chip entrainment occurred. There is a problem that the surface roughness of the work surface of the workpiece W is extremely lowered due to such chip contact, or the chip becomes bunched due to chip entanglement, making the cutting difficult and cutting efficiency. It was.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, Patent Document 1 discloses a tool main body portion (a tool main body in Patent Document 1) that rotates around an axis and a tip surface that faces the workpiece of the tool main body portion. And a cutting portion arranged at a predetermined interval on the outer periphery, the tool main body portion has an inner space forming a substantially cylindrical inner peripheral surface, and penetrates the outer peripheral surface of the tool main body portion to the inner peripheral surface of the tool main body portion. A cutting tool (a rolling tool in Patent Document 1) provided with an air introduction hole for introducing air into the internal space of the tool body has been proposed. In this cutting tool, the air introduction hole is inclined at a predetermined angle toward the front side in the tool rotation direction toward the outer peripheral side of the tool body in the cross section orthogonal to the axis, or at a predetermined angle with respect to the axis in the cross section parallel to the axis. It is tilted.

And in the cutting tool proposed by patent document 1, when a tool main-body part rotates around an axis line, air will be introduced into the internal space of a tool main-body part from an air introduction hole. And the air introduce | transduced into internal space is discharged | emitted toward the cutting part of a tool main-body part through the clearance gap formed between the front end surface of a tool main-body part, and a workpiece | work. The air thus introduced and discharged cools the tool main body and the work surface of the workpiece, and prevents chips generated in the cutting portion from entering the internal space of the tool main body.
JP 20002-321114 A (paragraph numbers 0006 to 0008, FIGS. 1 to 4)

  However, in the cutting tool of Patent Document 1, since the amount of air introduced from the air introduction hole and the amount of air discharged from the gap (wind power) is small, the thermal expansion of the workpiece, per chip, chip entanglement and chip entrainment It has not yet been completely prevented.

  In addition, in the case of using the cutting fluid, the cutting tool of Patent Document 1 is supplied from the outside of the cutting tool, and the supplied cutting fluid is rebounded by the centrifugal force of the rotating tool body, thereby obtaining a sufficient cooling effect. I can't. As with air flow, it is conceivable to supply cutting fluid using the air introduction hole, but the cutting fluid supplied from the outside is introduced into the air while rotating at high speed and the centrifugal force is working. It is difficult to appropriately introduce from the hole and supply it to the cutting part.

  Furthermore, most of the cutting tools are made of a steel material, so that the weight is large. When a disturbance due to some cause is applied when rotating at a high speed, the weight balance is poor.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and is excellent in machining accuracy and surface roughness of a workpiece machining surface, and does not reduce the work efficiency of cutting, and has a long tool life. An object of the present invention is to provide a cutting tool in which the cutting fluid is smoothly supplied and has an excellent dynamic balance and a cutting method using the cutting tool.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the invention according to claim 1 is formed in a disk shape that rotates around an axis, and is formed on a tip surface formed on a side facing the workpiece and on a side opposite to the workpiece on the tip surface. In a cutting tool comprising a tool main body having a base end surface and an outer peripheral surface, and a plurality of cutting portions arranged at predetermined intervals on the outer peripheral surface on the distal end surface side, the base end surface is formed so as to protrude from the center. A mounting portion to be mounted on the rotating shaft of the machine tool, a groove portion formed in the circumferential direction by recessing the base end surface around the mounting portion, and an outer peripheral surface on the base end surface side at predetermined intervals. An air suction port formed, and an air discharge port formed at a predetermined interval on the outer peripheral side surface of the groove, and the air formed by communicating the suction port and the discharge port. Air intake formed at predetermined intervals on the introduction channel and the bottom surface of the groove And an air supply passage formed at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction of the tip end surface, the air supply passage formed by communicating the intake port and the blowout port, and the blowout port A plurality of blade portions that are radially formed from the center of the tip end surface toward the outer periphery and project from the tip end surface, and the cutting portion is disposed on the outer periphery. Is formed in the radial direction with respect to the discharge port or on the front side with respect to the tool rotation direction with respect to a straight line passing through the center of the axis and the center of the discharge port, and the blow-out port is formed with respect to the intake port. The cutting tool is formed on the rear side in the radial direction or with respect to the tool rotation direction from a straight line passing through the axis center and the center of the intake port.

  According to the said structure, a tool main-body part rotates by driving the rotating shaft of the machine tool with which the mounting part was mounted | worn, and the surface of a workpiece | work is cut by the cutting part arrange | positioned at the front end surface of a tool main-body part. At that time, by the rotation of the tool main body, air is sucked from the inlet of the introduction channel formed on the outer peripheral surface on the base end face side, and the sucked air is discharged from the outlet of the introduction channel to the groove. The discharged air facilitates the intake of the air sucked from the intake port formed in the groove portion into the supply flow channel, and is taken into the supply flow channel together with the air sucked from the intake port. The taken-in air is blown out from the outlet of the supply flow channel to the tip surface of the tool body facing the workpiece. In addition, the suction force generated by the rotation of the blade portion also acts, and air can be easily blown out from the outlet.

  The suction port is formed in the radial direction with respect to the discharge port or on the front side with respect to the tool rotation direction from the straight line passing through the center of the axis and the center of the discharge port. The air outlet is formed in a radial direction with respect to the intake port or on the rear side with respect to the tool rotation direction from a straight line passing through the center of the axis and the center of the intake port. As a result, the air discharged into the groove and the air sucked from the intake port are smoothly taken into the supply channel and blown out to the front end surface. And when air flows through such an introduction flow path and a supply flow path, the flow velocity (wind power) of air is amplified and the heat | fever generate | occur | produced in the case of the cutting process in a tool main-body part is suppressed.

  Further, the air from which the wind force has been amplified is blown intensively along the blades radially formed on the tip surface to the cutting unit disposed on the outer periphery of the blades, and the generated chips are removed from the outside of the tool body. Blow away. At the tip, air is blown from the inside of the tool body (outlet) to the outer peripheral direction (cutting part), so the tool body is pushed in the direction opposite to the centrifugal force (axis center) Balance is improved.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, the introduction flow path is configured as a cutting tool that expands the diameter of at least one of the suction port and the discharge port. According to the above configuration, the air suction and discharge are smoothly performed, so that the wind force of the air that is sucked and discharged is further amplified, and the wind force of the air that is sent to the supply flow path is amplified. Suppresses heat generated during cutting.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, the supply flow path is configured as a cutting tool that expands the diameter of at least one of the intake port and the air outlet. According to the above-described configuration, the air is smoothly taken in and blown out, the wind force of the air taken in and blown out is further amplified, and the generated chips are blown out to the outside of the tool body, and at the time of cutting The generated heat is suppressed.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the outer peripheral surface on the base end surface side is an inclined surface that is inclined so as to decrease in diameter toward the upper direction in the direction of the base end surface from the front end surface, and the suction port Is configured as a cutting tool formed on the inclined surface. According to the above configuration, the cross-sectional area of the inlet that is the inlet of the introduction channel is increased, the wind power of the air that is sucked and discharged is further amplified, the wind power of the air that is sent to the supply channel is amplified, and the air In addition, the heat generated during cutting in the tool main body is also suppressed.

The invention according to claim 5 is configured as a cutting tool in which the blade portion is curved toward the rear side in the tool rotation direction from the center of the tip surface toward the outer periphery. According to the said structure, the air which blows off from a blower outlet will be supplied intensively to a cutting part, the wind force of the air which hits a cutting part is amplified, and the heat | fever generate | occur | produced in the case of a cutting process is suppressed. Further, the generated chips are blown off to the outside of the tool body by the wind of the amplified air discharged to the outside from between the tool body and the workpiece.

  The invention according to claim 6 is configured as a cutting tool in which the tool body is made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. According to the above configuration, the weight of the tool body is reduced, the dynamic balance is further improved, chattering of the work surface, chipping of the cutting tool does not occur, and the rotating shaft of the machine tool is adversely affected. Never give.

  The invention according to claim 7 is a cutting method for cutting the surface of a plate-like workpiece using the cutting tool according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the rotation of the machine tool is performed. A first step of mounting the tool main body on a shaft; a second step of moving the tool main body onto the workpiece and bringing the cutting portion of the tool main body into contact with the surface of the workpiece; A machine tool is driven to rotate the tool main body about an axis, and the tool main body and / or the workpiece is moved by a predetermined distance in the horizontal direction in accordance with the shape of the workpiece, and the surface of the workpiece And a third step of cutting.

  According to the above configuration, when the tool main body rotates around the axis, air flows through the introduction flow path and the supply flow path of the tool main body, and the air in which the wind force is amplified blows out toward the cutting portion of the tip surface. Is done. As a result, the work surface of the workpiece is cooled and the heat generated during cutting is reduced, so that distortion due to thermal expansion of the work surface and wear of the cutting portion are prevented, and the tool body is also cooled. , Durability is improved.

  The invention according to claim 8 is configured as a cutting method in which, in the third step, the tool body is rotated about an axis while supplying a cutting fluid to the groove of the tool body. .

  According to the above configuration, the cutting fluid is taken into the intake of the supply flow path along with the air discharged from the discharge port and the air sucked from the intake port, and the cutting portion extends along the blade portion of the tip surface from the blowout port. Is blown out. At that time, the cutting fluid cools the tool main body and the workpiece machining surface, thereby reducing the heat generated during the machining. Thereby, the effect | action which prevents the distortion by the thermal expansion of a workpiece | work processing surface and abrasion of a cutting part (cutting blade) improves, and durability of a tool main-body part improves further. Moreover, since the cutting fluid adheres to the chip and the weight thereof increases, the centrifugal force acting on the chip increases. Thereby, the chip scattering speed to the outside of the tool body is increased, and the effect of preventing chip contact, chip entanglement, chip entrainment, and the like is improved. Furthermore, when cutting fluid blows out with air from a blower outlet, a blow output is amplified and the force pushed on the axis center of a tool main-body part is also amplified. Thereby, the dynamic balance of the tool main body is further improved.

The cutting tool according to the present invention can accurately supply air or a cutting fluid to the cutting portion of the tool body through the air introduction passage, the supply passage, and the blade portion, so that chips can be reliably blown off from the tool body. And the heat | fever which generate | occur | produces in the case of cutting is suppressed. Therefore, the machining accuracy and surface roughness of the workpiece machining surface are excellent, the working efficiency of the cutting work is improved, and the tool life is long.
In addition, the cutting tool reliably cools the work surface of the workpiece, reduces the heat generated during the cutting process, prevents distortion due to thermal expansion of the work surface and prevents wear of the cutting part (cutting blade). Then, chips generated by the cutting process are blown off to the outside of the tool main body, so that chip contact, chip entanglement, chip entrainment, and the like are prevented.
Furthermore, the cutting tool has a good dynamic balance of the tool body, does not cause chattering of the work surface, chipping of the cutting tool, etc., and does not adversely affect the rotating shaft of the machine tool.
Further, according to the cutting method of the present invention, the cutting method has a long tool life, does not reduce the work efficiency of the cutting process, and does not adversely affect the rotating shaft of the machine tool. In addition, it is a cutting method with excellent machining accuracy and surface roughness of the workpiece machining surface of the cutting tool to be used.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. 1A is a partially broken perspective view seen from the upper side (base end side) of the cutting tool, FIG. 1B is a perspective view seen from the lower side (tip end side), and FIG. 2A is the cutting tool. FIG. 3B is a side view, FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the modification of the introduction flow path of the cutting tool of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3B is an axis parallel of the modification of the supply flow path. Sectional drawing of a direction. 4A is a bottom view of the cutting tool, FIG. 4B is a bottom view of another cutting tool, FIG. 5 is a partial plan view of the other cutting tool, and FIG. 6A is a plan view of the other cutting tool. (B) is a perspective view of the introduction flow path of the cutting tool of (a), (c) is an end view of the introduction flow path in the axis parallel direction, and FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing an outline of a machine tool on which the cutting tool is mounted. It is.

First, the cutting tool of the present invention will be described.
As shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b), the cutting tool 1 has a disk shape that rotates around the axis Y, a tip surface 2b formed on the side facing the workpiece, and a workpiece on the tip surface 2b. A base end surface 2a formed on the opposite side, a tool main body portion 2 having an outer peripheral surface 5, and a plurality of cutting portions 3 arranged at predetermined intervals on the outer peripheral surface 5 on the distal end surface 2b side are provided.
<Tool body>
As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the tool main body 2 includes a mounting part 4, a groove part 6, an introduction flow path 7, a supply flow path 8, and a blade part 9. The tool body 2 is preferably made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and more preferably a JIS-defined 7000 series alloy. The tool body 2 is made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, so that the tool body 2 is lighter and has a good dynamic balance. In addition, the rotating shaft 21a of the machine tool 20 to be mounted at the time of cutting is not adversely affected (see FIG. 7).

(Mounting part)
As shown in FIG. 1A, the mounting portion 4 is formed at the center of the base end surface 2 a of the tool main body 2 and protrudes upward from the base end surface 2 a. The mounting portion 4 is formed with a mounting key groove and a through hole in the center, and is mounted on a rotating shaft 21a of a machine tool 20 as shown in FIG. The mounting portion 4 preferably has a substantially cylindrical shape, but is not limited to a cylindrical shape as long as it can be mounted on the rotating shaft 21a. Further, the mounting method of the mounting portion 4 to the rotating shaft 21a is preferably performed by a keyway provided on the upper surface of the mounting portion 4, but if the rotation of the rotating shaft 21a can be transmitted to the mounting portion 4 (tool body portion 2). It is not limited to the keyway.

(Groove)
The groove portion 6 is formed in the circumferential direction by recessing the proximal end surface 2a of the tool main body portion 2 around the mounting portion 4. An intake port 8a of an air supply channel 8 to be described later is formed on the bottom surface 6a of the groove portion 6, and a discharge port 7b of the air introduction channel 7 is formed on the side surface 6b on the outer peripheral side of the groove portion 6. Yes. The groove width of the groove 6 is preferably 1.5 times or less the flow path diameter of the supply flow path 8 to be described later. When the groove width exceeds 1.5 times the flow path diameter, the amount of air taken into the intake port 8a of the supply flow path 8 described later decreases, and the flow velocity (wind power) decreases.

  The groove 6 is preferably formed continuously in the circumferential direction in terms of easy processing, but an air introduction channel 7 (discharge port 7b) and a supply channel 8 (intake port 8a) described later are formed. If the air can be guided from the introduction flow path 7 to the supply flow path 8, it may be formed discontinuously. Further, in FIGS. 1A and 2A, the configuration in which the groove portion 6 and the mounting portion 4 are continuous is shown as the configuration in which the outer peripheral surface of the mounting portion 4 is the side surface on the inner peripheral side of the groove portion 6. In addition, a plane having a predetermined width may be formed between the groove 6 and the mounting portion 4 at the same height as the base end surface 2a.

(Introduction channel)
As shown in FIG. 2A, the introduction flow path 7 has suction ports 7a formed at a predetermined interval on the outer peripheral surface 5 on the base end surface 2a side, and at a predetermined interval on a side surface 6b on the outer peripheral side of the groove portion 6. A discharge port 7b is formed, and the suction port 7a is connected to the discharge port 7b. The suction port 7a is formed in the radial direction (on the straight line L2) with respect to the discharge port 7b or on the front side with respect to the tool rotation direction from the straight line L2 passing through the center of the axis and the center of the discharge port 7b. . As a result, when the tool body 2 rotates, air is sucked from the suction port 7a and air is discharged from the discharge port 7b to the groove portion 6. At this time, the air flowing through the introduction flow path 7 amplifies the wind force and cools the tool body 2. Further, the discharged air facilitates the intake of the air sucked from the intake port 8a described later into the supply flow path 8.

  Here, the preferable formation position of the suction port 7a is that the straight line L1 passing through the centers of the suction port 7a and the discharge port 7b and the straight line L2 passing through the center of the axis and the center of the discharge port 7b are on the front side with respect to the tool rotation direction. The angle α is preferably 0 ≦ α ≦ 60 °, more preferably 30 ≦ α ≦ 45 °, when the front side is a positive angle with respect to the tool rotation direction. If the angle α is a minus angle (less than 0 °), the suction port 7a is positioned on the rear side with respect to the tool rotation direction from the straight line L2, and air cannot be sucked into the introduction flow path 7. When the angle α exceeds 60 °, the sizes of the suction port 7a and the discharge port 7b increase, and it is difficult to secure a position for forming the introduction flow path 7 on the outer peripheral surface 5 and the outer peripheral side surface 6b. . Here, the angle α of 0 ° means that the suction port 7a is formed in the radial direction with respect to the discharge port 7b (see FIG. 5).

The predetermined interval on the outer peripheral surface 5 of the suction port 7a is set by an angle θ ₁ formed by the center of the axis and the suction ports 7a and 7a, and varies depending on the outer diameter of the tool main body 2. For example, when the outer diameter is about 200 mm 10 ≦ θ ₁ ≦ 30 ° is preferable, and 22.5 ≦ θ ₁ ≦ 30 ° is more preferable. Moreover, the weight balance of the tool main-body part 2 is maintained by setting it as 360 degrees equidistant. Predetermined interval in the groove 6 the outer peripheral side surface 6b of the outlet 7b also, and the axis center, the discharge port 7b, is set at an angle formed between 7b, the same as the angle theta _1. If the angle θ ₁ is less than 10 °, it is difficult to secure a position for forming the introduction flow path 7 on the outer peripheral surface 5 and the side surface 6b. Further, when the angle θ ₁ exceeds 30 °, the amount of air sucked into the introduction flow path 7 tends to decrease.

Although the flow path diameter d ₁ (see FIG. 3A) of the introduction flow path 7 varies depending on the outer diameter of the tool main body 2, for example, when the outer diameter is about 200 mm, 8 to 15 mm is preferable. If the flow path diameter d ₁ is less than 8 mm, it is difficult to suck air into the introduction flow path 7, and if it exceeds 15 mm, it is difficult to secure a position for forming the introduction flow path 7 on the outer peripheral surface 5 and the side surface 6 b. Here, the flow path diameter d ₁ means the hole diameter when the introduction flow path 7 is a through hole, and the groove width when the introduction flow path 7 is a through groove described later. The through hole is a circular through hole including an ellipse, and the hole diameter means the longest diameter. In FIG. 2A, the introduction flow path 7 is described as a straight path, but may be a curved path.

The introduction flow path 7 is preferably enlarged in diameter at least one of the suction port 7a and the discharge port 7b. And as shown to Fig.3 (a), it is more preferable that the inlet 7a is diameter-expanded to the front side of a tool rotation direction, and the discharge port 7b is diameter-expanded to the rear side of a tool rotation direction. By performing such a diameter expansion, it becomes easy to inhale and discharge air, and the amount of air flowing through the introduction flow path 7 increases and wind power is amplified. The diameter expansion rate varies depending on the angle α and the outer diameter of the tool body 2. For example, when the angle 0 <α ≦ 60 ° and the outer diameter of the tool body 2 is about 200 mm, the flow path diameter d ₁ is 2 Double or less is preferable. When the diameter expansion rate exceeds twice, it is difficult to secure a position where the introduction flow path 7 is formed on the outer peripheral surface 5 and the side surface 6b.

(Supply channel)
As shown in FIGS. 2 (a), 2 (b), and 4 (a), the supply flow path 8 has intake ports 8a formed at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction of the bottom surface 6a of the groove portion 6, and a distal end surface. It has the blower outlet 8b formed in the circumferential direction of 2b at predetermined intervals, and is formed by connecting the intake port 8a and the blower outlet 8b. And the blower outlet 8b is formed in the radial direction (on the straight line L4) with respect to the intake port 8a, or the back side with respect to the tool rotation direction from the straight line L4 passing through the axis center and the center of the intake port 8a. . As a result, when the tool main body 2 rotates, the air sucked from the intake port 8a is taken into the supply flow channel 8 together with the air discharged from the introduction flow channel 7, and the air flows from the blower outlet 8b to the front end surface 2b. Blown out. At this time, the air flowing through the supply flow path 8 amplifies the wind force and cools the tool body 2.

Here, the preferable formation position of the blower outlet 8b is defined by the following two angles β and γ.
The angle β is an angle formed by a straight line L3 passing through the center of the air outlet 8b and the intake port 8a and a straight line L5 parallel to an axis passing through the center of the intake port 8a on the rear side with respect to the tool rotation direction. When the rear side is a plus angle with respect to the direction, the angle β is preferably 0 ≦ β ≦ 45 °. Here, when the angle β is a minus angle (less than 0 °), the air outlet 8b is positioned on the front side with respect to the tool rotation direction from the straight line L4, and it is difficult to take in air discharged from the introduction flow path 7. . In addition, when the angle β exceeds 45 °, the sizes of the intake port 8a and the air outlet 8b are increased, and the supply flow path 8 (the intake port 8a and the air outlet 8b) is formed on the bottom surface 6a and the front end surface 2b of the groove 6. It becomes difficult to secure the position. An angle β of 0 ° means that the outlet 8b is positioned in a direction perpendicular to the intake 8a in the axial parallel section.

  The angle γ is an angle formed by the straight line L3 passing through the center of the blowout port 8b and the intake port 8a and the straight line L4 passing through the center of the axis and the center of the intake port 8a on the tool rotation direction side, and the tool rotation direction side is a plus angle. In this case, 0 ≦ γ ≦ 180 °. If the angle γ is a minus angle (less than 0 °), the air outlet 8b is positioned on the front side with respect to the tool rotation direction from the straight line L4, and it becomes difficult to take in air discharged from the introduction flow path 7. Further, the angle γ is preferably 90 <γ ≦ 180 ° at which the outlet 8b is disposed on the outer peripheral side from the intake port 8a. When the blowout port 8b is arranged on the outer peripheral side from the intake port 8a, it becomes a flow path for blowing air from the inside to the outside along the direction of rotation of the tool. Liquid).

The predetermined interval in the circumferential direction of the bottom surface 6a of the intake port 8a is set by an angle θ ₂ formed by the center of the axis and the intake ports 8a and 8a, and varies depending on the outer diameter of the tool main body 2. For example, the outer diameter is about 200 mm. In this case, 10 ≦ θ ₂ ≦ 45 ° is preferable. The predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction of the distal end face 2b of the air outlet 8b (see FIG. 4 (a)) also, and the axis center, outlet 8b, are set in angle between 8b, the same as the angle theta _2. Further, when the number of the outlets 8b is smaller than the number of blade portions 9 (cutting portions 3) to be described later, the amount of air blown is insufficient, so the angle θ ₂ is set to be equal to or greater than the number. If the angle θ ₂ is less than 10 °, it is difficult to secure a position for forming the supply flow path 8 (the intake port 8a and the outlet port 8b) on the bottom surface 6a and the front end surface 2b. If the angle θ ₂ exceeds 45 °, the amount of air taken into the supply flow path 8 tends to decrease. Further, the intake port 8a is more preferably formed in the vicinity of the outer periphery of the bottom surface 6a, that is, at a position in contact with the side surface 6b of the groove portion 6. By forming the intake port 8a at such a position, it becomes easier to take in the air discharged from the discharge port 7b of the introduction flow path 7.

The flow path diameter d ₂ (see FIG. 3B) of the supply flow path 8 varies depending on the outer diameter of the tool main body 2, but is preferably 8 to 15 mm, for example, when the outer diameter is about 200 mm. If the flow path diameter d ₂ is less than 8 mm, it is difficult to take air into the supply flow path 8, and if it exceeds 15 mm, a position for forming the supply flow path 8 on the bottom surface 6 a of the groove 6 or the tip surface 2 b of the tool body 2 is secured. It becomes difficult to do. Here, the channel diameter d ₂ means the longest hole diameter of a circular through hole including an ellipse. In FIGS. 2A and 2B, the supply flow path 8 is formed as a straight path, but may be a curved path.

The supply flow path 8 preferably expands in diameter at least one of the intake port 8a and the air outlet 8b. And as shown in FIG.3 (b), it is more preferable that the inlet 8a is diameter-expanded to the front side of a tool rotation direction, and the blower outlet 8b is diameter-expanded to the back side of a tool rotation direction. By performing such diameter expansion, it becomes easy to take in and blow out the air discharged from the introduction flow path 7, and the amount of air flowing through the supply flow path 8 increases and the wind force is amplified. The diameter expansion rate varies depending on the angles β and γ and the outer diameter of the tool body 2, but when 10 ≦ β ≦ 45 °, 90 <γ ≦ 180 °, and the outer diameter is about 200 mm, the flow diameter d ₂ Two times or less is preferable. When the diameter expansion rate exceeds twice, it is difficult to secure a position where the supply flow path 8 is formed on the bottom surface 6a or the tip surface 2b.

As shown in FIG. 2A, the arrangement of the introduction channel 7 and the supply channel 8 is formed on the side surface 6b of the groove portion 6 so that air smoothly flows from the introduction channel 7 to the supply channel 8. It is determined by adjusting the predetermined interval (the angle θ ₁ ) of the discharge port 7 b, the angle α of the introduction channel 7 and the predetermined interval (the angle θ ₂ ) of the intake port 8 a formed in the bottom surface 6 a of the groove 6. Is done. In addition, the arrangement | positioning formed in the substantially same radial direction so that the discharge port 7b and the intake port 8a may face so that the air discharged | emitted from the discharge port 7b may enter into the intake port 8a immediately is preferable.

(Feather)
As shown in FIGS. 1 (b) and 4 (a), the blade portion 9 is formed radially between the outlet 8b of the supply flow path 8 from the center of the tip surface 2b toward the outer periphery, and the tip surface 2b. Is formed so as to protrude downward. And the cutting part 3 is provided in the outer peripheral side of the blade | wing part 9 so that attachment or detachment is possible. By providing such a blade portion 9, a radial blowing channel is formed between the workpiece and the tip surface 2b, and the amplified air of the wind force blown from the blowing port 8b is blown out. It is blown out intensively to the cutting part 3 along the (blade part 9). Further, the number of blades 9 is preferably the same as the number of the air outlets 8b, but may be less than the number of air outlets 8b as long as air can be intensively blown to the cutting part 3. Good. As a result, the work surface of the workpiece is cooled, the heat generated during cutting is suppressed, distortion due to thermal expansion of the work surface and wear of the cutting part 3 are prevented, and chips generated by the cutting work are prevented. It is blown off to the outside of the tool body 2 to prevent the occurrence of chip hit, chip entanglement, chip entrainment and the like. Similarly to the air flow, even when a cutting fluid is used, the cutting fluid 3 is appropriately supplied from the groove portion 6 through the supply flow path 8 and the blade portion 9.

  In the blade portion 9, air is blown out in the outer diameter direction of the tool main body portion 2 (tip surface 2 b) by the rotation of the tool main body portion 2, but is sucked in front of the blade portion 9. Since the gap between the end face of the blade portion 9 and the workpiece (projection amount of the cutting blade described later) is set to 1 to 2 mm, suction from the workpiece side cannot be performed during workpiece cutting, and the air outlet 8b of the tip surface 2b Is generated, and the air taken in from the intake port 8a is easily blown out from the air discharge port 8b. Accordingly, the height h (see FIG. 2B) of the blade portion 9 is the sum of the protrusion amount of the cutting blade of the cutting portion 3 described later, and the clearance S between the workpiece and the tip surface 2b (FIG. 1 ( a) is determined, and is preferably 3 to 15 mm. When the height h is less than 3 mm, the suction amount is reduced and the blowout flow path is also narrowed. Therefore, the air flows easily into the supply flow path 8 and the air blowout to the cutting part 3 is not smooth. There is a fear. When the height h exceeds 15 mm, the amount of suction increases, but the blowout flow path becomes wider and wide, air diffuses in the blowout flow path, and intensive blowing of air to the cutting part 3 is hindered, cutting The wind force of the air hitting part 3 tends to be low.

The blade portion 9 preferably has a shape curved toward the rear side in the tool rotation direction from the center of the tip surface 2b toward the outer periphery. By curving the blade portion 9, the air blown from the outlet 8 b is easily supplied to the cutting portion 3 intensively, and the wind force of the air hitting the cutting portion 3 is amplified.

<Cutting part>
As shown in FIG. 1B, the cutting part 3 is arranged at a predetermined interval on the outer peripheral surface 5 of the tool main body 2 on the tip surface 2 b side, and is arranged on the outer peripheral side of the blade part 9. As a method for arranging the cutting portion 3, for example, a predetermined notch portion 2c is provided on the outer peripheral surface 5 (the outer peripheral side of the blade portion 9) on the tip end surface 2b side, and the cutting portion 3 is fixed to the notch portion 2c with screws or the like. The method of doing is mentioned.

  Although not shown, the cutting unit 3 includes a cutting blade and a cartridge that protrudes and fixes the cutting blade by several mm in a direction in contact with the workpiece. In consideration of durability, the cutting blade is preferably made of, for example, cemented carbide, and the cartridge is made of steel in consideration of an impact generated during workpiece cutting. In consideration of fixing to the tool body 2, the same material as the tool body 2, for example, aluminum or aluminum alloy may be used.

Next, the cutting method of this invention is demonstrated with reference to Fig.1 (a) and FIG.
The present invention is a cutting method for cutting the surface of a plate-like workpiece W using a cutting tool 1, and includes the following three steps.

  Here, as a machine tool to which the cutting tool 1 is mounted, a recess 24 provided with a table 24 on which a workpiece W is placed and a table moving mechanism 27 that reciprocates the table 24 in the longitudinal direction is provided as shown in FIG. Provided with a bed 23, a tool moving mechanism 22 arranged to form a gate shape on the upper side of the bed 23, and a rotation driving unit 21 attached to the tool moving mechanism 22 to which the cutting tool 1 is mounted. The machine tool 20 is composed of a lifting mechanism part 22a for moving the tool body part 2 up and down and a reciprocating mechanism part 22b for reciprocating the tool body part 2 in a direction perpendicular to the moving direction of the table 24. As an example, the cutting method of the present invention will be described.

(First step)
One end of the jig J is fitted into a key groove provided on the upper surface of the mounting portion 4 of the cutting tool 1 (tool body portion 2), and the other end of the jig J is mounted on the rotation drive unit 21 of the machine tool 20. Thus, the tool body 2 is mounted on the rotating shaft 21a of the machine tool 20.

(Second step)
The reciprocating mechanism 22b of the machine tool 20 is driven to move the tool body 2 mounted on the rotating shaft 21a onto the workpiece W placed on the table 24 of the machine tool 20. And the raising / lowering mechanism part 22a of the machine tool 20 is driven, and the tool main-body part 2 is lowered | hung until the cutting part 3 of the tool main-body part 2 contact | abuts the surface of the workpiece | work W. FIG.

(Third step)
The rotary drive part 21 of the machine tool 20 is driven to rotate the rotary shaft 21a, and the tool body part 2 is rotated around the axis. Due to the rotation of the tool body 2, the surface of the workpiece W is cut by the cutting part 3 disposed on the tip surface 2 b of the tool body 2.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 (a) and 4 (a), air is sucked from the suction port 7a of the introduction flow path 7 of the tool body 2 by the rotation of the tool body 2, and the sucked air is Then, the gas is discharged from the discharge port 7 b of the introduction flow path 7 to the groove portion 6. The discharged air facilitates the intake of the air sucked from the intake port 8a formed in the groove 6 and formed on the rear side in the tool rotation direction into the supply flow path 8, and the air sucked from the intake port 8a. Together with the supply flow path 8. The taken-in air is blown out from the blowout port 8b of the supply flow path 8 to the tip surface 2b facing the workpiece W and the blade portion 9 side. At this time, the blow-out from the air outlet 8b is facilitated by the suction force generated by the rotation of the blade portion 9. Then, when air flows through the introduction flow path 7 and the supply flow path 8, the air flow velocity (wind force) is amplified, and the processed portion of the workpiece W and the tool main body 2 are also cooled.

  As shown in FIG. 4 (a), the air from which the wind force is blown out from the outlet 8b is amplified along the blades 9 formed radially on the front end surface 2b. Is blown out intensively to the cutting part 3 arranged in Thereby, the processing surface of the workpiece | work W is cooled and the heat | fever generate | occur | produced in the case of a cutting process reduces. As a result, distortion due to thermal expansion of the workpiece surface and wear of the cutting portion are prevented. Further, chips generated by cutting are blown off to the outside of the tool body 2, and the blown chips are discharged into the side grooves 25 formed on both sides in the longitudinal direction of the recessed portion 26 of the machine tool 20 (bed 23), Chips on the surface of the workpiece W are eliminated. As a result, chip contact, chip entanglement, chip entrainment, and the like are prevented.

  Moreover, since air is blown out from the inner side of the front end surface 2b in the outer peripheral direction (cutting portion 3), the tool main body portion 2 is pushed in the direction opposite to the centrifugal force (axial center). As a result, the dynamic balance of the tool body 2 is improved, chattering of the workpiece machining surface, chipping of the cutting tool, and the like do not occur, and the rotating shaft 21a of the machine tool 20 is not adversely affected.

  Next, according to the shape of the workpiece W, the tool body 2 is moved in the horizontal direction by a predetermined distance by driving the reciprocating mechanism 22b. Alternatively, the table moving mechanism 27 is driven to move the table 24 by a predetermined distance and move the workpiece W in the horizontal direction. Furthermore, the movement of the tool body 2 and the movement of the workpiece W may be performed continuously. Thereby, the entire surface of the workpiece W is cut.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 2A and 4A, the cutting method of the present invention supplies the cutting fluid to the groove 6 of the tool body 2 in the third step, while the tool body 2 A cutting method is preferred in which is rotated around the axis. Here, although the description of the cutting fluid is omitted in FIG. 2A, the cutting fluid is supplied together with the air discharged from the discharge port 7b of the introduction flow path 7 to the groove portion 6 and the air sucked from the intake port 8a. It is taken into the flow path 8. The taken-in air and cutting fluid are blown out from the blowout port 8b to the front end surface 2b. Thereby, the tool main body 2 is further cooled. Moreover, the temperature rise of the cutting fluid is also reduced, and deterioration of the cutting fluid can be prevented.

  The blown air and the cutting fluid are intensively blown along the blade portion 9 to the cutting portion 3 disposed on the outer peripheral side of the blade portion 9. Thereby, since the cooling effect of the workpiece machining surface is increased, distortion due to thermal expansion of the workpiece machining surface and wear of the cutting part are further prevented. Further, since the cutting fluid adheres to the chips and the weight thereof increases, the scattering speed of the chips to the outside of the tool main body portion increases, and the chip contact, chip entanglement, chip entrainment, and the like are further prevented. Furthermore, since air and the cutting fluid are blown out from the inside of the tool main body 2 in the outer peripheral direction (cutting portion 3), the force that pushes the tool main body 2 about the axis increases, and the dynamic balance of the tool main body 2 is further increased. It becomes good.

Next, examples of the present invention will be described. In addition, this invention is not limited to this Example.
(Example)
The cutting tool 1 shown in FIGS. 1 (a), 1 (b), 2 (a) and 2 (b) is mounted on the machine tool 20 shown in FIG. 7, and the workpiece (800 × 800 × 8 mm aluminum alloy plate) is mounted. Cutting was performed. At that time, the wind speed generated during the rotation of the cutting tool 1 was measured, and the cooling effect of the tool main body 2 and the workpiece processing surface and the effect of scattering chips were confirmed.

  Note that the wind speed measurement is performed by placing a wind speed measuring instrument (manufactured by Sato Keiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd., vane type anemometer SK-93F) at a position 10 to 30 mm away from the outer periphery of the tool body 2. Is set to about 12 mm ((the height of the blade 9 is 10 mm) + (the cutting blade protrusion is about 2 mm)), and the rotational speed of the cutting tool 1 is between 400 and 2000 rpm. The wind speed when changing to the 13 conditions was measured. The results are shown in Table 1. Moreover, the dimension of each structure of the cutting tool 1 was as follows.

<Tool body>
A disc body having an outer diameter of 202 mm and a height of 30 mm made of an aluminum alloy was formed, and an inclined surface 5 a having an inclination angle of 45 ° was formed on the outer periphery thereof.
(Groove)
An annular groove having an outer diameter of 140 mm and a width of 20 mm was used.
(Introduction channel)
A suction port 7a having an outer diameter of 10 mm was formed at a position obtained by dividing the inclined surface 5a of the outer peripheral surface 5 into 12 parts at an angle θ ₁ = 30 ° in the circumferential direction. Then, the side surface 6b of the groove 6 is circumferentially set so that an angle α = 40 ° formed by a straight line L1 passing through the centers of the discharge port 7b and the suction port 7a and a straight line L2 passing through the center of the axis and the center of the discharge port 7b. A discharge port 7b having an outer diameter of 10 mm was formed at a position equally divided into 12 at an angle θ ₁ = 30 °.

(Supply channel)
An intake port 8a having an outer diameter of 12 mm was formed at a position obtained by dividing the bottom surface 6a of the groove 6 into 6 parts in the circumferential direction at an angle θ ₂ = 60 °. An angle β = 45 ° formed by a straight line L3 passing through the center of the air outlet 8b and the intake port 8a and a straight line L5 parallel to the axis passing through the center of the intake port 8a. The tip surface 2b of the tool main body 2 is blown with an outer diameter of 12 mm at a position obtained by dividing the tip end surface 2b of the tool body 2 into the circumferential direction at an angle θ ₂ = 60 ° so that the angle γ = 90 ° formed by the straight line L4 passing through the center of 8a. An outlet 8b was formed.
(Feather)
Between the air outlets 8b of the front end surface 2b, six were formed with a height h = 10 mm and curved backward in the tool rotation direction.
<Cutting part>
The carbide cutting blade protruded from the cartridge lower surface (the lower surface of the blade portion 9) by about 1 mm.

(Comparative example)
Using a cutting tool 30 as shown in FIG. 8 in which the tool main body part does not include a groove part, an introduction flow path, a supply flow path, and a blade part, the wind speed was measured in the same manner as in the above example. The results are shown in Table 1. In addition, the tool main-body part 31 was comprised with the disk body which is 202 mm in outer diameter which consists of aluminum alloys, and 30 mm in height, and formed the inclined surface of 45 degrees of inclination angles in the outer periphery. Moreover, the cutting part 32 was made the same as that of Example 1, and the clearance gap S between the workpiece | work and the front end surface 31b of the cutting tool 30 was about 12 mm.

  From the results of Table 1, the wind speed of the cutting tool 1 of the example increased about five times compared to the cutting tool 30 of the comparative example. Therefore, it was confirmed that the cutting tool 1 of an Example was excellent in the cooling effect of the tool main-body part 2 and a workpiece processing surface, and the scattering effect of a chip compared with the cutting tool 30 of a comparative example. Further, in the cutting tool 1 of the example, the wind speed was measured even when the introduction flow path 7 was not provided, but the wind speed did not increase as compared with the comparative example.

In the present invention, for example, the following configuration may be used.
As shown in FIG. 2 (b), the outer peripheral surface 5 on the base end surface 2a side has an inclined surface 5a inclined so as to reduce in diameter upward from the front end surface 2b toward the base end surface 2a. What formed the inlet 7a of the flow path 7 in the inclined surface 5a is preferable. By forming the suction port 7a on the inclined surface 5a, the opening area of the suction port 7a increases, it becomes easy to suck air, the amount of air flowing through the introduction flow path 7 increases, and the wind force is amplified. As shown in FIG. 4B, the blade portion 9 may be formed by a straight path from the center of the front end surface 2b toward the outer periphery.

In the cutting tool 1 of the present invention shown in FIGS. 1 (a) to 4 (b), an example in which the introduction flow path 7 is formed as a through hole penetrating from the outer peripheral surface 5 to the side surface 6b of the groove 6 is shown. As shown in FIGS. 6 (a) to 6 (c), the present invention may be a cutting tool 1b including an introduction flow path 10 constituted by a through groove that opens upward (on the base end face 2a side).
In FIG. 6, the components already described are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted. As shown in FIG. 6, this cutting tool 1b is not shown, except that the suction port 10a is formed on the front side with respect to the tool rotation direction from the straight line passing through the center of the axis and the center of the discharge port 10b. What includes the suction port 10a formed in the radial direction with respect to the discharge port 10b is also included.

  As shown in FIG. 6C, the introduction flow path 10 is preferably formed in a direction inclined forward in the tool rotation direction from the base end face 2a side toward the front end face 2b side. In addition, it is preferable that the diameter of the introduction channel 10 is increased at least at one of the suction port 10a and the discharge port 10b. The suction port 10a has a larger diameter on the front side in the tool rotation direction, and the discharge port 10b is on the rear side in the tool rotation direction. It is more preferable to expand the diameter (see the suction port 7a and the discharge port 7b in FIG. 3). Such an introduction channel 10 facilitates the intake of air from the suction port 10a and the discharge of air from the discharge port 10b.

(A) is the partially broken perspective view seen from the upper side (base end surface side) of the cutting tool which concerns on this invention, (b) is the perspective view seen from the downward side (front end surface side). (A) is a top view of the cutting tool which concerns on this invention, (b) is a side view. (A) is sectional drawing of the axial orthogonal direction of the modification of the introduction flow path of the cutting tool of FIG. 1, (b) is sectional drawing of the axial parallel direction of the modification of a supply flow path. (A) is a bottom view of the cutting tool which concerns on this invention, (b) is a bottom view of another cutting tool. It is a partial top view of the other cutting tool which concerns on this invention. (A) is a top view of the other cutting tool which concerns on this invention, (b) is a perspective view of the introduction flow path of the cutting tool of (a), (c) is an end elevation of the introduction flow path in the axial parallel direction. . It is a perspective view which shows the outline of the machine tool which mounts a cutting tool. It is a perspective view of the conventional cutting tool.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 1a, 1b Cutting tool 2 Tool main-body part 2a Base end surface 2b Front end surface 3 Cutting part 4 Mounting part 5 Outer peripheral surface 5a Inclined surface 6 Groove part 6a Bottom face 6b Side surface 7 Introducing flow path 7a Intake port 7b Discharge port 8 Supply flow path 8a Intake port 8b Outlet port 9 Blade

Claims (8)

A tool body having a disk shape rotating around an axis, a tip surface formed on a side facing the workpiece, a base end surface formed on the side opposite to the workpiece of the tip surface, and an outer peripheral surface; In a cutting tool comprising a plurality of cutting portions arranged at a predetermined interval on the outer peripheral surface on the distal end surface side,
A projecting portion that projects from the center of the base end surface and is mounted on the rotating shaft of the machine tool;
Around the mounting portion, a groove formed in the circumferential direction by recessing the base end surface;
An air suction port formed at a predetermined interval on the outer peripheral surface on the base end surface side, and an air discharge port formed at a predetermined interval on a side surface on the outer peripheral side of the groove portion. An air introduction flow path formed in communication with the outlet;
In addition to having air intakes formed at predetermined intervals on the bottom surface of the groove portion, air inlets formed at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction of the distal end surface, and communicating the intake and the air outlets An air supply flow path formed by:
A plurality of blade portions are formed between the air outlets, radially from the center of the tip surface toward the outer periphery and projecting from the tip surface, and the cutting portion is disposed on the outer periphery,
The suction port is formed in the radial direction with respect to the discharge port, or on the front side with respect to the tool rotation direction with respect to a straight line passing through the center of the axis and the center of the discharge port, and the blowout port is provided with the intake port. A cutting tool characterized in that it is formed in a radial direction with respect to the inlet or on a rear side with respect to the tool rotation direction from a straight line passing through the center of the axis and the center of the inlet.   The cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the introduction flow path has a diameter that is enlarged at least one of the suction port and the discharge port.   The cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the supply path has a diameter that is enlarged at least one of the intake port and the air outlet.   The outer peripheral surface on the base end surface side has an inclined surface that is inclined so as to reduce in diameter upward from the distal end surface in the direction of the base end surface, and the suction port is formed in the inclined surface. The cutting tool according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the cutting tool is characterized. The cutting tool according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the blade portion is curved rearward in the tool rotation direction from the center of the tip surface toward the outer periphery.   The cutting tool according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the tool body is made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. A cutting method for cutting the surface of a plate-like workpiece using the cutting tool according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
A first step of mounting the tool body on a rotating shaft of a machine tool;
A second step of moving the tool body on the workpiece and bringing the cutting portion of the tool body into contact with the surface of the workpiece;
The machine tool is driven to rotate the tool body around the axis, and the tool body and / or the workpiece is moved in a horizontal direction by a predetermined distance according to the shape of the workpiece, And a third step of cutting the surface.   The cutting method according to claim 7, wherein in the third step, the tool body is rotated about an axis while supplying a cutting fluid to the groove of the tool body.

Images