JP4534114B2 - Rotating electrical machine for vehicle - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a rotating electrical machine apparatus for a vehicle.
[0002]
[Prior art and problems to be solved by the invention]
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, so-called Landel pole type field winding type synchronous generators have been widely adopted as vehicle generators.
[0003]
In recent years, technologies for performing various functions such as engine starting, power generation, on-vehicle equipment driving at idle stop, regenerative braking and torque assist with a single vehicle generator motor have been developed. In general, a synchronous machine with a simple structure and high efficiency is generally used.
[0004]
As a synchronous machine for a generator motor for a vehicle, a magnetic field type, a field winding type, a combined type of a magnet field and a field winding, etc. have been proposed, but demagnetization control is unnecessary. Thus, it is said that a field winding type (including a combination type in this specification) synchronous machine that can easily avoid adverse effects on a battery or the like due to control failure at high speed is said to be suitable.
[0005]
In addition, this type of vehicle synchronous machine is considered promising as a rotating machine for generating driving power in not only ordinary engine cars and hybrid cars but also battery-driven electric cars and fuel cell cars.
[0006]
However, magnetic noise has been a problem in conventional rotating electrical machines for vehicles such as alternators. That is, although the engine noise is reduced by various improvement measures and the quietness of the passenger compartment is improved, it is considered that the magnetic noise of a rotating electrical machine for a vehicle such as an alternator is difficult to reduce in principle. For this reason, for example, in an environment where the wind noise and tire noise are small, such as when the vehicle is stopped or while driving at a low speed, the ratio of magnetic noise in the passenger compartment detected noise is at a level that cannot be ignored.
[0007]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and the rotating electrical machine apparatus for a vehicle that improves the quietness of the vehicle interior by reducing the magnetic noise while suppressing the complicated configuration of the apparatus and adverse effects on the inherent performance of the rotating electrical machine. Providing is a problem to be solved.
The purpose is to do.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a vehicular rotating electrical machine apparatus having a field winding and an armature winding and mounted between the vehicle synchronous machine and the vehicle synchronous machine. An inverter that performs orthogonal bidirectional power conversion and controls the armature current of the vehicle synchronous machine, a field current switch that controls a field current flowing through the field winding, and a required target value And a control unit that adjusts the field current and the armature current through the inverter and a field current switch. The control unit includes the armature current and the field that can achieve the target value. Among the current combinations, the armature current value in the low magnetic noise region having a magnetic noise value smaller than the magnetic noise value in the combination of the armature current value and the field current value that achieves the highest efficiency of the vehicle synchronous machine. Is characterized by having a magnetic noise reducing operation mode in which the field current and armature current to a combination of beauty field current value.
[0009]
The vehicle synchronous machine may be a synchronous machine having a field winding, and may be of a dedicated type for power generation, may be capable of switching between power generation and electric power, or may be dedicated for electric power. The target value may be an electric signal corresponding to the electric power and current that the on-vehicle power supply system switches in the power generation operation, and the required rotational speed, the required output power, the armature current, etc. in the electric operation But you can.
[0010]
According to this configuration, it is possible to reduce magnetic noise while ensuring the power generation performance or electric performance required for the vehicle synchronous machine. This will be further described below.
[0011]
In a generator motor composed of a conventional field winding type synchronous machine (currently only a hybrid vehicle is practically used), an output required by an external controller or the like (an electric output or a power generation output, both a target value in this specification) Field current and armature current are controlled in order to obtain More specifically, field current control is mainly armature current control due to poor field winding response, and field current is controlled to prevent excessive generation voltage in high-speed running mode. Usually, control is performed to increase the field current only in a mode where it is necessary to reduce and increase the field current to prevent insufficient output, such as the engine start mode, the large torque running mode, and the large battery charging mode.
[0012]
Further, the vehicle synchronous machine efficiency (or the overall apparatus efficiency) for the purpose of improving the efficiency of the vehicle synchronous machine or the entire apparatus including the vehicle synchronous machine under the condition that a necessary output can be obtained to reduce the loss. ) To determine the combination of the armature current value and the field current value that maximizes (select from calculation or map), and control the armature current and field current to these determined values (hereinafter referred to as the efficiency mode). Say).
[0013]
However, in consideration of the driving satisfaction given to the driver, the present applicant, when driving the vehicle synchronous machine in the above-mentioned efficiency mode in order to improve the efficiency slightly, increases the magnetic noise of the vehicle synchronous machine. I noticed that it might impair the driver's driving satisfaction. That is, the magnetic noise of the vehicle synchronous machine has a larger positive correlation with the armature current of the field current and the armature current, which are control parameters for achieving the target value. The present invention is made on the basis of the above-mentioned viewpoint, and the rotating electrical machine for a vehicle is characterized by a magnetic noise reduction operation mode for the purpose of reducing magnetic noise.
[0014]
That is, this vehicular rotating electrical machine apparatus has a magnetic noise reduction operation mode for the purpose of reducing magnetic noise in addition to an efficiency mode for adjusting armature current and field current for the purpose of reducing loss and improving fuel efficiency. These modes do not overlap on a two-dimensional plane having the armature current and field current as dimensional parameters. As a result, the driver or the control device can reduce the magnetic noise and improve the driving satisfaction while securing the necessary output when necessary according to the vehicle traveling environment (achieving the target value). It is known that the output P is substantially proportional to the product of the field current If and the armature current Ia.
[0015]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the rotating electrical machine apparatus for a vehicle according to the first aspect, the control unit is configured to reduce the armature current smaller than an armature current value at the highest efficiency in the magnetic noise reduction operation mode. The field current is set to be smaller than the field current value at the highest efficiency.
[0016]
As described above, magnetic noise has a strong positive correlation with the armature current (see FIG. 2).
On the other hand, the efficiency of the field winding type synchronous machine has a unimodal characteristic that peaks at a combination of a predetermined field current value and armature current value, and the field current is increased beyond this peak. In addition, when the armature current is reduced, the efficiency decreases (see FIG. 3). 2 and 3 show a case where a generator motor composed of a field winding type synchronous machine is operated at an output of 1.5 KW and a rotational speed of 1500 rpm. Therefore, according to this configuration, it is possible to reliably reduce magnetic noise at the expense of some efficiency as required in the environment while ensuring output.
[0017]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the rotating electrical machine apparatus for a vehicle according to the first or second aspect, the control unit is further provided in the low magnetic noise range under the condition that the target value can be achieved in the magnetic noise reduction operation mode. Among the combinations of the armature current value and the field current value, the combination of the field current and the armature current, in which the efficiency of the vehicle synchronous machine is relatively excellent, is selected.
[0018]
Thereby, it is possible to switch between the efficiency mode and the magnetic noise reduction operation mode according to the operation environment while achieving the target value (output and rotation speed). Preferably, for each target value, a pair of armature current value and field current value in the efficiency mode and a pair of armature current value and field current value in the magnetic noise reduction operation mode are stored in advance in the map and input. One of the pairs is selected according to the target value to be selected and the selected operation mode. The specific numerical value of efficiency naturally changes as the target value changes. As the target value (output) increases, the selection range of the combination of the armature current and the field current is reduced. It is clear that the armature current and the field current are maximum values, and there is no room for selection.
[0019]
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the rotating electrical machine apparatus for a vehicle according to any one of the first to third aspects, the control unit is configured so that the vehicle synchronous machine is substantially at a maximum when the generated magnetic noise is a predetermined value or less. The field current and the armature current are set to a combination of the armature current value and the field current value that achieve efficiency.
[0020]
Note that when the target value is small, that is, when the output is small, the absolute value of the armature current is relatively small even in the efficiency mode, and the absolute level of the magnetic noise falls below the problematic level. Therefore, in this mode, in an operation state in which the magnetic noise is equal to or less than a predetermined value, the efficiency is improved by giving priority to the operation in the efficiency mode without reducing the efficiency by obtaining a slight magnetic noise reduction. In such a small output mode, even if the absolute value of the loss is small, since it is operated for a long time or at all times, the total loss becomes large, which is effective in improving the efficiency. In this specification, this control mode is referred to as a small output efficiency priority mode.
[0021]
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the vehicular rotating electrical machine apparatus according to the fourth aspect of the invention, the control unit further includes the electric motor that achieves a substantially maximum efficiency when the armature current is equal to or less than a predetermined value. The field current and armature current are set to a combination of the child current value and the field current value.
[0022]
That is, in this aspect, the small output efficiency priority mode of claim 5 is executed with the armature current less than the predetermined value, so that a significant increase in magnetic noise in the small output efficiency priority mode can be reliably prevented.
[0023]
According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the rotating electrical machine apparatus for a vehicle according to any one of the first to third aspects, the control unit interrupts the magnetic noise reduction operation mode when the vehicle traveling speed is equal to or higher than a predetermined value. It is characterized by that.
[0024]
When the vehicle traveling speed is equal to or higher than a predetermined value, wind noise and tire noise are more dominant than magnetic noise. Therefore, by pursuing the efficiency mode, loss can be reduced without impairing driving satisfaction.
[0025]
According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the vehicular rotating electrical machine apparatus according to any one of the first to third aspects, the control unit is configured so that the temperature of the field winding type synchronous machine can be assumed to be equal to or higher than a predetermined value. The magnetic noise reduction operation mode is interrupted.
[0026]
In other words, when the field winding type synchronous machine is at a high temperature due to the last large output operation or when the external temperature is high, adverse effects due to further increase in the temperature rise inside the field winding type synchronous machine are prevented. Therefore, the operation in the efficiency mode is preferentially selected in order to prevent an increase in the internal loss (which causes a temperature rise due to heat generation inside the field winding type synchronous machine) as much as possible. Thereby, the abnormal temperature rise inside a field winding type synchronous machine can be suppressed and the durability can be improved.
[0027]
In addition to the above control modes, in a hybrid vehicle or an engine vehicle in which the field winding type synchronous machine is directly connected to the engine, the number of rotations of the field winding type synchronous machine increases during high speed driving, and the field current is increased. If it is large, the generated voltage increases to an undesired level. To prevent this, the demagnetization mode that reduces the field current to suppress the generated voltage (electromotive voltage of the armature winding) below a predetermined value, It is possible to set a large torque mode or the like for obtaining a large starting torque with the armature current and the field current as maximum values at the time of engine starting.
[0028]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Preferred embodiments of the invention are illustrated by the following examples.
[0029]
(overall structure)
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a vehicle drive system equipped with the vehicular generator motor apparatus of this embodiment.
[0030]
Reference numeral 1 denotes a field winding type synchronous machine constituting a vehicular generator motor, 2 a current control circuit, 3 a controller, 4 a high voltage battery, and 5 a low voltage battery.
[0031]
A field winding type synchronous machine 1 includes a three-phase armature winding 11 wound around a stator core, a field winding 12 wound around a rotor core, a magnetic pole position sensor 13 for detecting a rotor angular position, a field winding. Although the flywheel diode 14 is connected in antiparallel with the line 11, the configuration itself is a normal field winding type synchronous machine, and therefore further detailed description is omitted.
[0032]
The current control circuit 2 is connected in parallel with a three-phase inverter 21 composed of six power MOS transistors, a field current switch 22 having a high-side switch configuration, a current sensor 23 for detecting an armature current, and a high-voltage battery 4. However, since the circuit configuration itself is already well known, further detailed description is omitted.
[0033]
The controller 3 is a drive that converts the PWM voltage of each duty corresponding to each command value of the field current and armature current from the control device 31 with a built-in microcomputer into each power MOS transistor and the field current switch 22. Although it is a circuit, since the circuit configuration itself is already well known, further detailed description is omitted.
[0034]
The control of the three-phase armature current and the control of the field current switch 22 by the control of the inverter 21 performed by the controller 3 are essentially the same as the armature current control of the conventional brushless DC motor and the field current control of the alternator. Since it is the same and well known, the description is omitted.
[0035]
(Mode control)
Next, operation mode change control which characterizes this embodiment will be described below with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG.
[0036]
The control device 31 receives the output value (KW) received from the external command and the operation mode to be selected (S100). As this operation mode, there are the above-described efficiency mode and magnetic noise reduction operation mode.
[0037]
Next, the detected values of the armature current and the field current are read from the current sensor 23 (S102), and an operation mode to be implemented in the future is determined based on the received operation mode (S104).
[0038]
Next, in a map (table) of armature current and field current pairs stored in advance for each operation mode, output, and rotation speed, the rotation speed calculated from the signal of the magnetic pole position sensor 13 and the output value received from the external command Then, a pair of armature current and field current to be selected is selected by substituting the operation mode (S106).
[0039]
Next, the average duty and field current switches of the inverter 21 are compared so that the selected values of the armature current and the field current are compared with the detected values read in step S102, and the difference between them is zero. The drive circuit 32 is instructed to increase or decrease the duty of 22, and the drive circuit 32 outputs a three-phase PWM voltage having a necessary frequency and phase to the inverter 21 based on the command and the position signal of the magnetic pole position sensor 13, The single-phase PWM voltage is output to the field current switch 22.
[0040]
Thereby, the field winding type synchronous machine 1 can be operated in the efficiency mode or the magnetic noise reduction operation mode as necessary.
[0041]
(Modification)
In the above embodiment, the armature current and field current are controlled by feedback control. However, the armature current and field current selected based on the external command value (output) and the rotation speed calculated from the magnetic pole position sensor 13 are used. It is naturally possible to directly apply a duty corresponding to a pair to the inverter 21 and the field current switch 22.
[0042]
(Modification)
In addition, when an electric signal corresponding to the internal temperature of the field winding type synchronous machine 1 is read and it is determined that the internal temperature is equal to or higher than a predetermined value based on the read electric signal, the efficiency mode is prioritized regardless of an external command. The rise in internal temperature can be suppressed.
[0043]
(Modification)
Also, when the armature current detection value is small or when the output value received from the outside is small, the magnetic noise is not so severe, so priority is given to the efficiency mode regardless of the external command to suppress the internal temperature rise. Can do.
[0044]
(Modification)
In addition, when the vehicle speed is equal to or higher than a predetermined value, the influence of magnetic noise is relatively small, so that an increase in internal temperature can be suppressed by giving priority to the efficiency mode regardless of an external command.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a block circuit diagram showing a circuit configuration of a rotating electrical machine apparatus for a vehicle according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship among magnetic noise (magnetic sound), armature current, and field current of a field winding type synchronous machine.
FIG. 3 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the efficiency of the field winding type synchronous machine, the armature current, and the field current.
4 is a flowchart showing a control operation of the apparatus of FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Field winding type synchronous machine 21 Inverter 22 Field current switch 31 Control apparatus (control part)

Claims (7)

A vehicle synchronous machine mounted on a vehicle having a field winding and an armature winding;
An inverter arranged between the vehicle synchronous machine and the battery for performing orthogonal bidirectional power conversion and controlling an armature current of the vehicle synchronous machine;
A field current switch for controlling a field current flowing in the field winding;
A control unit for adjusting the field current and the armature current through the inverter and the field current switch according to a required target value;
In a vehicular rotating electrical machine apparatus comprising:
The controller is
Of the combination of the armature current and the field current that can achieve the target value, it is smaller than the magnetic noise value in the combination of the armature current value and the field current value that achieves the highest efficiency of the vehicle synchronous machine. A vehicular rotating electrical machine apparatus having a magnetic noise reduction operation mode in which the field current and armature current are set in a combination of an armature current value and a field current value within a low magnetic noise range having a magnetic noise value. . The rotating electrical machine apparatus for a vehicle according to claim 1,
The controller is
In the magnetic noise reduction operation mode, the armature current is set smaller than the armature current value at the highest efficiency, and the field current is set larger than the field current value at the highest efficiency. A rotating electrical machine for a vehicle. The rotating electrical machine apparatus for a vehicle according to claim 1 or 2,
The controller is
In the magnetic noise reduction operation mode, the efficiency of the vehicle synchronous machine is relatively excellent among the combinations of the armature current value and the field current value in the low magnetic noise region under the condition that the target value can be achieved. A combination of the field current and the armature current is selected. The rotating electrical machine apparatus for a vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The controller is
Setting the field current and armature current to a combination of the armature current value and field current value at which the vehicle synchronous machine achieves substantially maximum efficiency when the generated magnetic noise is below a predetermined value; A rotating electrical machine for a vehicle characterized by The rotating electrical machine apparatus for a vehicle according to claim 4,
The controller is
When the armature current is less than or equal to a predetermined value, the field current and armature current are set to a combination of the armature current value and field current value at which the vehicle synchronous machine achieves substantially maximum efficiency. A rotating electrical machine for a vehicle. The rotating electrical machine apparatus for a vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The controller is
The vehicular rotating electrical machine apparatus, wherein the magnetic noise reduction operation mode is interrupted when a vehicle traveling speed is a predetermined value or more. The rotating electrical machine apparatus for a vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The controller is
A rotating electrical machine apparatus for a vehicle, wherein the magnetic noise reduction operation mode is interrupted under a situation where the temperature of the field winding type synchronous machine can be assumed to be equal to or higher than a predetermined value.

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