JP4532794B2 - A welding wire and a method of manufacturing an assembly using the welding wire. - Google Patents
A welding wire and a method of manufacturing an assembly using the welding wire. Download PDFInfo
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Description
【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、異材溶接ワイヤに関する。この異材溶接用ワイヤは、球状黒鉛鋳鉄とステンレス鋼との溶接に好適に用いられる。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、球状黒鉛鋳鉄とステンレス鋼の異材溶接には、Y309(JIS G 4316)などの溶接ワイヤが用いられてきた。しかし、球状黒鉛鋳鉄とステンレス鋼とを、Y309を溶接ワイヤとしてアーク溶接を行った場合、熱サイクルにより溶接ビードに止端割れが発生するという不具合が生じていた。
【0003】
このような不具合を解消する溶接ワイヤとして、YNiCr−3(JIS Z3334)や特許登録第2858037号公報に記載されるものなどが提案されている。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、YNiCr−3や特許登録第2858037号公報などに提案される溶接ワイヤはNi含有量が多いために高価であり、製品コストが高くなるという問題が生じていた。特に、前者のNi含有量は67重量%以上であり、後者のNi含有量は50〜80重量%であった。
本発明は、以上の課題に鑑みなされたものであり、安価で止端割れを起こしにくい、異材溶接に用いられる溶接ワイヤを提供することを目的とする。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
この発明は上記目的を達成すべくなされたものであり、その構成は次の通りである。即ち、
重量%で、C:0.4%以下、Si:0.1%以下、Mn:3.5%以下、P:0.03%以下、S:0.04%以下、Ni:35〜50%、Cr:18〜30%、Ti:0.35%以下、残部がFe及び不可避不純物からなる、ことを特徴とする異材溶接ワイヤ。
【0006】
かかる構成によれば、従来の溶接ワイヤに比べて少ないNi含有量で、従来例と同等又はそれ以上の性能を確保できた。即ち、アーク溶接時及びその後の熱サイクルによっても止端割れがほとんど発生しなかった。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の各構成要素について詳細に説明する。
C(炭素):0.4%以下
Cは、耐割れ性を向上させるが、含有量の増加に伴い延性及び靭性が劣化するため、0.4%以下と定めた。
Si(ケイ素):0.1%以下
Siは、脱酸材として不可欠であるが、Si量の増加は溶接部の割れ感受性が高くなるので望ましくない。鋳鉄からのSiの混入を考慮すると、溶接ワイヤのSi量は極力低い方が望ましいため、0.1%以下と定めた。
Mn:3.5%以下
Mnは、MnSを形成させることで耐高温割れ性を向上させる目的で添加するが、過剰な添加は引張強さを劣化させるので、3.5%以下と定めた。
P:0.03%以下
Pは、高温割れの原因となるためできるだけ低く抑えるのが望ましく、0.03%以下と定めた。
S:0.04%以下
Sは、凝固時に粒界に低融点のフィルム状組織を形成し高温割れの原因となるためできるだけ低く抑えるのが望ましく、0.04%以下と定めた。
Ni:35〜50%
Niはオーステナイト生成元素であって、オーステナイトを安定させ、耐熱性、高温強さ、クリープ破断強さ、耐酸化性及び耐食性を向上させる。従って、溶接ワイヤにおいてNiは大きな重量%を占めることとなる。しかしながらNiは高価な材料であるため、その使用量の低減を図るべく本発明者らが鋭意検討を重ねた結果、他の要素を調整することによりNiの使用量を35〜50重量%まで低減することができた。更に好ましくは、36.0%〜41.0%である。更に更に好ましくは、36.0〜39.0%である。更に更に更に好ましくは、36.0〜38.0%である。
Cr:18〜30%以下
Crは、耐食性を向上させるためより多いほど望ましいが、30%を超えると鍛造性が悪化するため、18〜30%と定めた。
Ti:0.35%以下
Tiは、高温強度の向上、脱酸剤として溶着金属の清浄度の向上及び高温における結晶粒界の強化の目的に添加するが、0.35%よりも多いと溶接割れの原因となるため、0.35%以下と定めた。
残部
残部はFe及び不可避不純物からなる。不可避不純物とは、用いる原材料の性質上、又は製造工程上の理由等から混入を避けることができない不純物のことである。
【0008】
本発明の溶接ワイヤは、異種金属からなる作業片を接合するのに好適に用いられる。特に第1の金属作業片として球状黒鉛鋳鉄、第2の金属作業片としてステンレス鋼のときに好適である。球状黒鉛鋳鉄はフェライト地を有するもの又はフェライト地に一部パーライトが析出したものを用いることができる。ステンレス鋼は、フェライト系のものを用いることができる。
アーク溶接は、アークを発生させて母材を加熱溶融させて接合する方法であり、MIG溶接、TIG溶接、プラズマ溶接などを用いることができる。
【0009】
第1の金属作業片として球状黒鉛鋳鉄製パイプを用いるときは、その先端部を面取りして当該先端部を肉薄とすることが好ましい。鋳鉄にはCが多量に含まれているために、溶接部にCが析出し脆くなり、耐久性を低下させる原因となっていた。しかし、以上のように先端部を肉薄に形成すれば溶接部に溶け込む鋳鉄の量を少なくでき、溶接部の耐久性を向上できる。先端部を肉薄とするため当該部分をテーパー状とすることもできる。
【0010】
【実施例】
以下、実施例を用いて本発明の構成をより詳細に説明する。
[実施例1]
球状黒鉛鋳鉄製パイプ(外径64.2mmφ、板厚6.0mm)にステンレス製パイプ(外径51.6mmφ、板厚1.5mm)を挿入し、表1に示す各溶接ワイヤを用いてMIG溶接により円周溶接継手を作製した。表1において、開発ワイヤ[I]、[II]が本発明の実施例である。YNiCr−3、Y309は比較例である。
【表1】
【0011】
次に、これらの継手を800℃に保持した電気炉に投入し、7分間保持した後、炉外で常温まで空冷(1.7℃/秒)する熱処理を30回繰り返し、溶接金属近傍のステンレス製パイプの外径変化率及び止端割れの有無を調べた。結果を表2に示す。
【表2】
本発明の溶接ワイヤを用いて溶接すると、ステンレス製パイプの外径変化率が比較例の一つであるY309を用いたときより小さく、YNiCr−3とほぼ同程度であって、止端割れが発生しないことがわかる。
【0012】
次に、本発明の溶接ワイヤの耐割れ感受性を調査するために、球状黒鉛鋳鉄試験片どうしをT形に組み、表1に示す各溶接ワイヤを用いて溶接を行い、T形溶接割れ試験を行った。T形溶接割れ試験方法はJIS Z 3153の方法で行った。
試験後、割れの有無、試験ビード長さ、割れの合計長さを測定し、下記の式によって割れ率を算出した。
C=Σl/L×100
C:割れ率(%)
L:試験ビード長さ(mm)
Σl:割れの合計長さ(mm)
各溶接ワイヤにおける割れ率を表3にまとめた。
【表3】
本発明の開発ワイヤの耐割れ感受性は、Y309より良好であって、YNiCr−3と同等であることがわかる。
【0013】
[実施例2]
図1は本発明の一つである溶接方法の一実施例を模式的に示した図である。球状黒鉛鋳鉄製パイプ1(外径64.2mmφ、板厚6.0mm)にステンレス製パイプ2(外径51.6mmφ、板厚1.5mm)を挿入し、鋳鉄製パイプとステンレス製パイプの先端部を重ね合わせ、少なくとも一周以上溶接する。図1における溶接部を図2に示す。図2において、始端10から重合部12までの入熱量を2700J/cm以下とし、これに対して、重合部12から終端11までの入熱量を1600J/cmと小さくすることによって止端割れの発生を抑制することができた。
図3は、図1におけるA−A線断面図である。鋳鉄製パイプ1の先端部3の外側を面取りし(3a)、溶接部に溶け込む鋳鉄の量を少なくすることで、Cの析出を抑制し耐久性を向上させることができた。
【0014】
【発明の効果】
本発明により、異種材料からなる金属作業片同士の溶接において、止端割れが発生するという問題が解消される。また、溶接ワイヤ中のNi含有量の低下により、製造コストの低減も図られる。
また、溶接部の始端から重合部までの入熱量に対し、重合部から終端までの入熱量を小さくすることと、鋳鉄製パイプの先端部を肉薄に形成することにより、より止端割れの発生が抑えられる。
【0015】
この発明は、上記発明の実施の形態及び実施例の説明に何ら限定されるものではない。特許請求の範囲の記載を逸脱せず、当業者が容易に想到できる範囲で種々の変形態様もこの発明に含まれる。
【0016】
以下、次の事項を開示する。
11 重量%で、C:0.4%以下、Si:0.1%以下、Mn:3.5%以下、P:0.03%以下、S:0.04%以下、Ni:35〜50%、Cr:18〜30%、Ti:0.35%以下、残部がFe及び不可避不純物からなる、ことを特徴とする溶接用金属組成物。
12 前記Ni含有量は、36.0〜41.0重量%である、ことを特徴とする11に記載の溶接用金属組成物。
13 11又は12に記載の溶接用金属組成物を用いて、第1の金属作業片と該第1の金属作業片と異なる金属材料からなる第2の金属作業片との接合部にアーク溶接を施す、ことを特徴とする溶接方法。
14 前記第1の金属作業片は球状黒鉛鋳鉄からなり、前記第2の金属作業片はステンレス鋼からなる、ことを特徴とする13に記載の溶接方法。
15 前記第1の金属作業片と前記第2の金属作業片はそれぞれパイプである、ことを特徴とする13又は14に記載の溶接方法。
16 パイプ状の第1の金属作業片へパイプ状の第2の金属作業片を嵌め合わせ、その嵌合部を少なくとも一周以上溶接する際、始端から重合部までの入熱量に対して重合部から終端までの入熱量を小さくする、ことを特徴とする溶接方法。
17 前記重合部から終端までの入熱量は1000〜2000J/cmである、ことを特徴とする16に記載の溶接方法。
18 前記パイプ状の第1の金属作業片の先端部を肉薄に形成する、ことを特徴とする16又は17に記載の溶接方法。
19 溶接時に11又は12に記載の溶接用金属組成物を用いることを特徴とする16〜18のいずれかに記載の溶接方法。
23 第1の金属作業片と該第1の金属作業片と異なる金属材料からなる第2の金属作業片との組付け体であって、前記第1の金属作業片と前記第2の金属作業片との接合部が11又は12に記載の溶接用金属組成物を用いてアーク溶接で接合されている、ことを特徴とする組付け体。
24 前記第1の金属作業片は球状黒鉛鋳鉄からなり、前記第2の金属作業片はステンレス鋼からなる、ことを特徴とする23に記載の組付け体。
25 前記第1の金属作業片と前記第2の金属作業片はそれぞれパイプである、ことを特徴とする23又は24に記載の組付け体。
26 パイプ状の第1の金属作業片とパイプ状の第2の金属作業片との組付け体であって、前記第1の金属作業片と前記第2の金属作業片との嵌合部が少なくとも一周以上溶接されており、始端から重合部までの入熱量に対して重合部から終端までの入熱量が小さくされている、ことを特徴とする組付け体。
27 前記重合部から終端までの入熱量は1000〜2000J/cmである、ことを特徴とする26又は27に記載の組付け体。
28 前記パイプ状の第1の金属作業片の先端部を肉薄に形成する、ことを特徴とする26に記載の組付け体。
29 前記第1金属作業片と前記第2の金属作業片は11又は12に記載の溶接用金属組成物を用いて溶接されている、ことを特徴とする26〜28のいずれかに記載の溶接方法。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】図1は、本発明の実施例における溶接方法を模式的に示した図である。
【図2】図2は、図1における溶接部を示す図である。
【図3】図3は、図1におけるA−A線断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 鋳鉄製パイプ
2 ステンレス製パイプ
3 鋳鉄製パイプの先端部
10 始端
11 終端
12 重合部[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a dissimilar material welding wire. This dissimilar material welding wire is suitably used for welding spheroidal graphite cast iron and stainless steel.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, welding wires such as Y309 (JIS G 4316) have been used for dissimilar welding of spheroidal graphite cast iron and stainless steel. However, when arc welding was performed using spheroidal graphite cast iron and stainless steel with Y309 as a welding wire, there was a problem that a toe crack occurred in the weld bead due to the thermal cycle.
[0003]
As welding wires for solving such problems, YNiCr-3 (JIS Z3334) and those described in Japanese Patent No. 2858037 have been proposed.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the welding wire proposed in YNiCr-3, Japanese Patent Registration No. 2858037, and the like is expensive because of its high Ni content, resulting in a problem of high product cost. In particular, the former Ni content was 67% by weight or more, and the latter Ni content was 50 to 80% by weight.
This invention is made | formed in view of the above subject, and it aims at providing the welding wire used for dissimilar material welding which is cheap and does not raise | generate a toe crack easily.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention has been made to achieve the above object, and its configuration is as follows. That is,
% By weight, C: 0.4% or less, Si: 0.1% or less, Mn: 3.5% or less, P: 0.03% or less, S: 0.04% or less, Ni: 35-50% Cr: 18 to 30%, Ti: 0.35% or less, and the balance consisting of Fe and inevitable impurities.
[0006]
According to such a configuration, a performance equivalent to or higher than that of the conventional example can be secured with a Ni content smaller than that of the conventional welding wire. That is, almost no toe cracks occurred during arc welding and the subsequent thermal cycle.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, each component of the present invention will be described in detail.
C (carbon): 0.4% or less C improves crack resistance, but because ductility and toughness deteriorate as the content increases, it is determined to be 0.4% or less.
Si (silicon): 0.1% or less Si is indispensable as a deoxidizer, but an increase in the amount of Si is not desirable because it increases the cracking susceptibility of the weld. Considering the mixing of Si from the cast iron, it is desirable that the Si content of the welding wire be as low as possible.
Mn: 3.5% or less Mn is added for the purpose of improving hot cracking resistance by forming MnS, but excessive addition deteriorates the tensile strength, so it was determined to be 3.5% or less.
P: 0.03% or less P is desirable to keep it as low as possible because it causes hot cracking, and is set to 0.03% or less.
S: 0.04% or less S is desirably kept as low as possible because it forms a low-melting film-like structure at the grain boundary during solidification and causes high-temperature cracking.
Ni: 35-50%
Ni is an austenite generating element, stabilizes austenite, and improves heat resistance, high temperature strength, creep rupture strength, oxidation resistance, and corrosion resistance. Therefore, Ni occupies a large weight% in the welding wire. However, since Ni is an expensive material, as a result of intensive studies by the present inventors to reduce the amount used, the amount of Ni used is reduced to 35 to 50% by adjusting other factors. We were able to. More preferably, it is 36.0%-41.0%. Even more preferably, it is 36.0 to 39.0%. Even more preferably, it is 36.0 to 38.0%.
Cr: 18-30% or less Although Cr is more desirable as it increases in order to improve the corrosion resistance, if it exceeds 30%, forgeability deteriorates, so it was determined as 18-30%.
Ti: 0.35% or less Ti is added for the purpose of improving the strength at high temperature, improving the cleanliness of the deposited metal as a deoxidizer, and strengthening the grain boundaries at high temperatures. If it exceeds 0.35%, welding is performed. Since it causes a crack, it was determined to be 0.35% or less.
The remainder remainder consists of Fe and inevitable impurities. Inevitable impurities are impurities that cannot be avoided due to the nature of raw materials used or manufacturing processes.
[0008]
The welding wire of the present invention is preferably used for joining work pieces made of different metals. It is particularly suitable when the first metal work piece is spheroidal graphite cast iron and the second metal work piece is stainless steel. As the spheroidal graphite cast iron, one having a ferrite ground or one having pearlite partially deposited on the ferrite ground can be used. Stainless steel can be ferritic.
Arc welding is a method in which an arc is generated and a base material is heated and melted to join, and MIG welding, TIG welding, plasma welding, or the like can be used.
[0009]
When using a spheroidal graphite cast iron pipe as the first metal work piece, it is preferable to chamfer the tip portion to make the tip portion thin. Since cast iron contains a large amount of C, C is precipitated in the welded portion and becomes brittle, which causes a decrease in durability. However, if the tip is formed thin as described above, the amount of cast iron that melts into the weld can be reduced, and the durability of the weld can be improved. In order to make the tip portion thin, the portion can be tapered.
[0010]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the configuration of the present invention will be described in more detail using examples.
[Example 1]
Insert a stainless steel pipe (outer diameter 51.6 mmφ, plate thickness 1.5 mm) into a spheroidal graphite cast iron pipe (outer diameter 64.2 mmφ, plate thickness 6.0 mm), and use each welding wire shown in Table 1 for MIG A circumferential weld joint was prepared by welding. In Table 1, development wires [I] and [II] are examples of the present invention. YNiCr-3 and Y309 are comparative examples.
[Table 1]
[0011]
Next, these joints were put into an electric furnace maintained at 800 ° C., held for 7 minutes, and then heat-treated outside the furnace by air cooling (1.7 ° C./second) to room temperature, repeated 30 times, and stainless steel near the weld metal. The outer diameter change rate of the pipe made and the presence or absence of toe cracks were examined. The results are shown in Table 2.
[Table 2]
When welding using the welding wire of the present invention, the rate of change in the outer diameter of the stainless steel pipe is smaller than when using Y309, which is one of the comparative examples, and is almost the same as YNiCr-3, and the toe crack is It turns out that it does not occur.
[0012]
Next, in order to investigate the cracking susceptibility of the welding wire of the present invention, the spheroidal graphite cast iron test pieces are assembled in a T shape, welded using each welding wire shown in Table 1, and a T-shaped weld crack test is performed. went. The T-type weld crack test method was performed by the method of JIS Z 3153.
After the test, the presence or absence of cracks, the test bead length, and the total length of cracks were measured, and the crack rate was calculated by the following formula.
C = Σl / L × 100
C: Cracking rate (%)
L: Test bead length (mm)
Σl: total length of cracks (mm)
Table 3 summarizes the cracking rate of each welding wire.
[Table 3]
It can be seen that the crack resistance of the developed wire of the present invention is better than Y309 and equivalent to YNiCr-3.
[0013]
[Example 2]
FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing one embodiment of a welding method according to the present invention. Insert stainless steel pipe 2 (outer diameter 51.6 mmφ, plate thickness 1.5 mm) into spheroidal graphite cast iron pipe 1 (outer diameter 64.2 mmφ, plate thickness 6.0 mm), and cast iron pipe and stainless steel pipe tip The parts are overlapped and welded at least one round. The weld in FIG. 1 is shown in FIG. In FIG. 2, the amount of heat input from the starting
3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. The outer side of the
[0014]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, a problem that a toe crack occurs in welding of metal work pieces made of different materials is solved. Further, the manufacturing cost can be reduced due to the decrease in the Ni content in the welding wire.
In addition, the amount of heat input from the beginning of the weld to the overlap is reduced, and the end of the cast iron pipe is made thinner, resulting in more toe cracks. Is suppressed.
[0015]
The present invention is not limited to the description of the embodiments and examples of the invention described above. Various modifications may be included in the present invention as long as those skilled in the art can easily conceive without departing from the description of the scope of claims.
[0016]
The following matters are disclosed below.
11 wt%, C: 0.4% or less, Si: 0.1% or less, Mn: 3.5% or less, P: 0.03% or less, S: 0.04% or less, Ni: 35-50 %, Cr: 18 to 30%, Ti: 0.35% or less, and the balance consisting of Fe and inevitable impurities.
[12] The metal composition for welding according to [11], wherein the Ni content is 36.0 to 41.0% by weight.
Using the welding metal composition according to 13 11 or 12, arc welding is performed on a joint between a first metal work piece and a second metal work piece made of a metal material different from the first metal work piece. Applying a welding method.
14. The welding method according to 13, wherein the first metal work piece is made of spheroidal graphite cast iron, and the second metal work piece is made of stainless steel.
[15] The welding method according to [13] or [14], wherein each of the first metal work piece and the second metal work piece is a pipe.
16 When fitting the pipe-shaped second metal work piece to the pipe-shaped first metal work piece and welding the fitting part at least one turn, the superposition part with respect to the heat input from the start end to the superposition part A welding method characterized by reducing the amount of heat input to the end.
17 The welding method according to 16, wherein an amount of heat input from the overlapping portion to the end is 1000 to 2000 J / cm.
[18] The welding method according to [16] or [17], wherein a tip end portion of the pipe-shaped first metal work piece is formed thin.
[19] The welding method according to any one of [16] to [18], wherein the welding metal composition according to [11] or [12] is used during welding.
23. An assembly of a first metal work piece and a second metal work piece made of a metal material different from the first metal work piece, wherein the first metal work piece and the second metal work piece The assembly with which the junction part with a piece is joined by the arc welding using the metal composition for welding of 11 or 12.
24. The assembly according to 23, wherein the first metal work piece is made of spheroidal graphite cast iron, and the second metal work piece is made of stainless steel.
25. The assembly according to 23 or 24, wherein each of the first metal work piece and the second metal work piece is a pipe.
26 An assembly of a pipe-shaped first metal work piece and a pipe-shaped second metal work piece, wherein a fitting portion between the first metal work piece and the second metal work piece An assembled body, wherein the assembly is welded at least one round, and the heat input from the superposed portion to the end is smaller than the heat input from the start to the superposed portion.
27. The assembly according to 26 or 27, wherein the heat input from the overlapping portion to the end is 1000 to 2000 J / cm.
[28] The assembly according to [26], wherein a tip end portion of the pipe-shaped first metal work piece is formed thin.
29. The welding according to any one of 26 to 28, wherein the first metal work piece and the second metal work piece are welded using the welding metal composition according to 11 or 12. Method.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a welding method in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a welded part in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF
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JP4837322B2 (en) * | 2005-07-21 | 2011-12-14 | 日本ウエルディング・ロッド株式会社 | Welding wire used for welding cast iron and stainless steel |
JP2007170622A (en) * | 2005-12-26 | 2007-07-05 | Gkn ドライブライン トルクテクノロジー株式会社 | Joint structure of torque transmission member, joining method for torque transmission member, and power transmission device using them |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS61180693A (en) * | 1985-11-01 | 1986-08-13 | Hitachi Ltd | Welding method of high-ductility austenite stainless steel |
JPS6240997A (en) * | 1985-08-20 | 1987-02-21 | Nippon Steel Corp | Wire for gas shielded arc welding of austenitic stainless steel |
JPS63212090A (en) * | 1987-02-28 | 1988-09-05 | Nkk Corp | Welding method for high-alloy austenitic steel |
JPH04135089A (en) * | 1990-09-25 | 1992-05-08 | Aisin Takaoka Ltd | Welding wire |
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2001
- 2001-08-07 JP JP2001239971A patent/JP4532794B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6240997A (en) * | 1985-08-20 | 1987-02-21 | Nippon Steel Corp | Wire for gas shielded arc welding of austenitic stainless steel |
JPS61180693A (en) * | 1985-11-01 | 1986-08-13 | Hitachi Ltd | Welding method of high-ductility austenite stainless steel |
JPS63212090A (en) * | 1987-02-28 | 1988-09-05 | Nkk Corp | Welding method for high-alloy austenitic steel |
JPH04135089A (en) * | 1990-09-25 | 1992-05-08 | Aisin Takaoka Ltd | Welding wire |
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