JP4527231B2 - Inhibitor of abnormal smooth muscle contraction - Google Patents

Inhibitor of abnormal smooth muscle contraction Download PDF

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JP4527231B2
JP4527231B2 JP2000076747A JP2000076747A JP4527231B2 JP 4527231 B2 JP4527231 B2 JP 4527231B2 JP 2000076747 A JP2000076747 A JP 2000076747A JP 2000076747 A JP2000076747 A JP 2000076747A JP 4527231 B2 JP4527231 B2 JP 4527231B2
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vasospasm
smooth muscle
epa
contraction
abnormal
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JP2001261556A (en
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誠 小林
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Mochida Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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Mochida Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は新規な平滑筋異常収縮の抑制剤、詳細には、イコサペント酸(以下EPAと略称する)、その塩およびエステルからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つを有効成分として含有することを特徴とする平滑筋異常収縮の抑制剤に関する。
また、本発明はEPA、その製薬学上許容し得る塩およびエステルからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つを有効成分として含有することを特徴とする血管平滑筋異常収縮に起因する循環器系疾患治療用の注射用組成物に関する。特に該循環器系疾患が、脳血管攣縮または冠血管攣縮である注射用組成物に関する。
また、本発明は、EPA、その塩およびエステルからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つを含有するRhoキナーゼシグナル伝達系の阻害剤に関する。
本発明におけるEPAは、全−シス−5,8,11,14,17−イコサペント酸(all−cis−5,8,11,14,17−icosapentaenoicacid)である。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
平滑筋収縮には、骨格筋や心筋などの横紋筋と異なり、膜電位変化を伴う収縮以外に、アンギオテンシンIIやエピネフリン等の血管収縮物質による膜電位変化を伴わない収縮機構が存在する。これらの血管収縮物質は細胞質カルシウムイオン(以下Ca2+と略称する)濃度を上昇させ、そのCa2+はカルモジュリンと結合し、Ca2+−カルモジュリンによって活性化されたミオシン軽鎖キナーゼによるミオシン軽鎖のリン酸化が収縮を惹起させると考えられている。
この様な平滑筋収縮は、細胞質Ca2+濃度の上昇の程度に依存した強度で収縮が起きる。すなわち、Ca2+依存性の平滑筋収縮で、正常な収縮と考えられている。
【0003】
これに対し、一部の血管収縮物質による収縮は細胞膜の低分子量GTP結合性蛋白質(以下G蛋白質と略称する)を介してCa2+感受性が増強され、細胞質Ca2+濃度の上昇以上の収縮あるいはCa2+濃度に依存しない収縮を引き起こすことが知られている。すなわち、Ca2+非依存性の平滑筋収縮であり、異常な病的な収縮と考えられている。例えば、スフィンゴシルフォスフォリルコリン(以下SPCと略称する)はウサギ直腸平滑筋をイノシトール3リン酸−Ca2+−カルモジュリンを介する経路とは独立した経路(少なくともMitogen活性化プロテインキナーゼ(MAPK)を含む)を介して収縮させることが知られている(アメリカン・ジャーナル・オブ・フィジオロジー(AmericanJournalofPhysiology)、32巻、G370−377頁、1995年)。
【0004】
G蛋白質の一つであるRhoAにより活性が亢進されるRhoキナーゼは、蛋白質リン酸化酵素の一種である。Rhoキナーゼは、ミオシン軽鎖を直接リン酸化してCa2+感受性を亢進あるいはCa2+非依存的に平滑筋を収縮させ、さらに一方、ミオシンフォスファターゼをリン酸化することによりその活性を阻害してミオシン軽鎖の脱リン酸化を抑制していると考えられている。このCa2+非依存性のRhoキナーゼ情報伝達系は、いわゆる病的な異常収縮であり、高血圧症などの血管平滑筋の緊張異常という病態においても重要な役割を果たしているものと考えられる(麻酔、47巻、5号、530−540頁、1998年)。
【0005】
Ca2+チャンネルを抑制するカルシウム拮抗剤に代表される上市されている降圧剤は、前述したCa2+依存性の正常な平滑筋収縮を抑制するため、高血圧症の治療時に例えば正常な反射性収縮まで阻害され起立性低血圧の副作用が発現している。また、カルシウム拮抗剤が無効な高血圧症が知られている。従って、生理的かつ正常な平滑筋収縮には影響せずにCa2+非依存性の異常な平滑筋収縮のみを抑制する物質が望まれている。しかしながら、平滑筋異常収縮を選択的に抑制する抑制剤として満足できるものはないのが現状である。
【0006】
また、病的な血管平滑筋収縮に起因する循環器系疾患のうち、特に速やかに治療が求められる疾患、例えば脳血管攣縮または冠血管攣縮等に対しても、カルシウム拮抗剤をはじめ種々のトライアルがなされているが十分な治療効果が得られていない。正常部位での生理的かつ正常な平滑筋収縮には影響しない、攣縮を起こした病体部位での異常な平滑筋収縮のみを抑制する治療剤が望まれているが、全く満足できないのが現状である。
【0007】
さらに、視野の狭窄および暗黒視症は種々の原因で発生する眼血管の異常収縮による眼組織への血流不全により引き起こされる症状と考えられている。現在、治療剤としては一部カルシウム拮抗剤やニトログリセリンが使用されているが、これも治療効果は十分ではなく、全身血圧の低下等の副作用も懸念されている。
【0008】
治療成績面では上記のような状況であるが、基礎に注目してこれらの異常収縮を抑制する化合物についてみると、RhoA、あるいはRhoキナーゼを特異的に阻害する物質は殆ど知られておらず、わずかにファスジル酸(以下HA−1077と略称する)あるいはY−27632およびその誘導体がRhoキナーゼの阻害剤として報告されているのみである(ネイチャー(Nature)、389巻、10月30日号、990−994頁、1997年)。
【0009】
一方、EPAは血清脂質低下作用、血小板凝集抑制作用等を有することが知られており、日本において閉塞性動脈硬化症および高脂血症治療剤として市販されている。しかしながら、EPAの平滑筋異常収縮の抑制作用、血管平滑筋異常収縮に起因する循環器系疾患への有効性、あるいはRhoキナーゼシグナル伝達系の阻害作用に関する知見は現在まで全くない。
【0010】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
既存のカルシウム拮抗剤等の平滑筋収縮の抑制剤は、Ca2+依存性の生理的かつ正常な平滑筋収縮をインビトロでは用量依存的に完全に抑制するが、平滑筋異常収縮の抑制作用は必ずしも十分でなく、攣縮、高血圧症等の病態では無効例が多く問題になっている。本発明は、例えばSPCにより惹起されるCa2+非依存性の平滑筋異常収縮を特異的に抑制し、例えば脱分極によるCa2+依存的な生理的な正常収縮には影響を及ぼさない選択性の高い抑制剤を提供することにある。
【0011】
また、本発明は、血管平滑筋異常収縮に起因する循環器系疾患、特に速やかに治療が求められる疾患、例えば脳血管攣縮または冠血管攣縮、肺血管攣縮、腸管膜動脈攣縮あるいは手指血管攣縮等の治療用の注射用組成物を提供することにある。特に、正常部位での生理的かつ正常な平滑筋収縮には影響せずに、病態部位でのCa2+非依存性の平滑筋異常収縮のみを抑制することにより、速効性が高くかつ副作用の少ない治療用の注射用組成物を提供することにある。
また、本発明は、平滑筋異常収縮の原因と考えられているRhoキナーゼシグナル伝達系の特異性の高い阻害剤を提供することにある。
【0012】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者は、平滑筋異常収縮について鋭意研究を行ったところ、EPAがSPC−Rhoキナーゼシグナル伝達系の阻害作用を有すること、および平滑筋異常収縮の抑制作用を有し、かつ平滑筋正常収縮に全く影響を及ぼさないという、今までまったく知られていなかった事実を見出し、本発明を完成した。
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に本発明を詳細に説明する。本発明の第一の態様は、EPA、その塩およびエステルからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つを有効成分として含有することを特徴とする平滑筋異常収縮の抑制剤である。平滑筋であれば臓器あるいは部位等に係わらずすべて含まれるが、特に血管平滑筋、消化器平滑筋あるいは呼吸器平滑筋が例示される。抑制効果が得られれば全脂肪酸中のEPA含量比および態様は特に問わないが、全脂肪酸中のEPA含量比は少なくとも80質量%以上、好ましくは90質量%以上、さらに好ましくは95質量%以上のものが使用でき、97質量%以上のものがさらに好ましい。EPAの態様は、EPA、EPAエチルエステル(以下EPA−Eと略称する)、EPAナトリウム塩(以下EPA−Naと略称する)、EPAグリセリド(以下EPA−Gと略称する)が好ましく、EPA−Naがさらに好ましい。
【0014】
本発明の第二の態様は、イコサペント酸、その製薬学上許容し得る塩およびエステルからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つを有効成分として含有することを特徴とする血管平滑筋異常収縮に起因する循環器系疾患治療用の注射用組成物である。該循環器系疾患としては、特に速効性が望まれる疾患であり、例えば脳血管攣縮または冠血管攣縮、肺血管攣縮、腸管膜動脈攣縮あるいは手指血管攣縮等が例示される。治療効果が得られれば全脂肪酸中のEPA含量比および態様は特に問わないが、全脂肪酸中のEPA含量比は少なくとも80質量%以上、好ましくは90質量%以上、さらに好ましくは95質量%以上のものが使用でき、97質量%以上のものがさらに好ましい。EPAの態様は、EPA−E、EPA−NaあるいはEPA−Gが好ましく、EPA−Naがさらに好ましい。投与方法としては、静脈内あるいは動脈内に1回ないし数回に分けて急速投与することが好ましいが、点滴あるいはインフュージョンポンプ等を用いて数時間から数日にかけて持続的に投与することもできる。
【0015】
本発明の第三の態様は、EPA、その塩およびエステルからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つを含有するRhoキナーゼシグナル伝達系の阻害剤である。好ましくは、平滑筋収縮におけるRhoキナーゼシグナル伝達系の阻害剤であり、また、SPC−Rhoキナーゼシグナル伝達系の阻害剤である。また、見かけ上のRhoキナーゼ阻害剤である。阻害効果が得られれば全脂肪酸中のEPA含量比および態様は問わないが、EPA、EPA−Naが好ましく、EPA−Naがさらに好ましい。
【0016】
本発明の第四の態様は、イコサペント酸、その製薬学上許容し得る塩およびエステルからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つを有効成分として含有することを特徴とする暗黒視症および視野狭窄の予防および/または治療剤である。治療効果が得られれば全脂肪酸中のEPA含量比および態様は特に問わないが、全脂肪酸中のEPA含量比は少なくとも80質量%以上、好ましくは90質量%以上、さらに好ましくは95質量%以上のものが使用でき、97質量%以上のものがさらに好ましい。EPAの態様は、EPA−E、EPA−NaおよびEPA−Gが好ましく、治療効果が得られれば投与経路は特に問わないが、経口投与、静脈内投与あるいは点眼が好ましい。さらに、EPA−Eを有効成分として含有する経口投与用組成物あるいはEPA−Naを有効成分として含有する注射用組成物が好ましい。
【0017】
本発明の第五の態様は、EPA、その製薬学上許容し得る塩およびエステルからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つを有効成分として含有することを特徴とする薬物誘発起立性低血圧の副作用軽減剤であり、該薬物が高血圧症治療剤、特にカルシウム拮抗剤、アンギオテンシンII変換酵素阻害剤あるいはニトロ化合物である。治療効果が得られれば全脂肪酸中のEPA含量比および態様は特に問わないが、全脂肪酸中のEPA含量比は少なくとも80質量%以上、好ましくは90質量%以上、さらに好ましくは95質量%以上のものが使用でき、97質量%以上のものがさらに好ましい。EPAの態様は、EPA−E、EPA−NaおよびEPA−Gが好ましく、軽減効果が得られれば投与経路は特に問わないが、経口投与あるいは静脈内投与が好ましく、経口投与がさらに好ましい。さらに、EPA−Eを有効成分として含有する経口投与用組成物あるいはEPA−Naを有効成分として含有する注射用組成物が好ましい。EPAを副作用を誘発する薬剤と同時に投与する態様と、別々に投与する態様が提供される。別々に投与する場合、EPAを副作用を誘発する薬剤より先に投与することも後に投与することもできる。
【0018】
本明細書において、「平滑筋異常収縮」の語は、Ca2+濃度非依存的に起る平滑筋収縮であり、SPCに代表される化学物質で惹起される平滑筋収縮である。作用機作としては、血管収縮物質によりG蛋白質を介して平滑筋のCa2+感受性が増強されて起るCa2+非依存的に起る平滑筋収縮である。詳細には、平滑筋細胞のRhoA、Rhoキナーゼ情報伝達系を介するCa2+非依存的に起る平滑筋収縮である。平滑筋異常収縮は、例えば、摘出血管標本あるいはスキンド処理した血管標本においてSPCにより引き起こされ、Rhoキナーゼ阻害剤(Y−27632、HA−1077)によって抑制されるCa2+非依存的に起る収縮として確認することができ、また、この時にfura−2等の細胞内Ca2+濃度指示薬を用いてCa2+濃度をモニターすると、収縮に相関したCa2+濃度の上昇が認められないことにより特徴づけられる収縮である。膜の脱分極による、細胞質Ca2+濃度の上昇の程度に依存した強度で収縮が起きるCa2+依存性の生理的な平滑筋正常収縮は含まれない。
【0019】
病態においては、高血圧症、脳血管攣縮あるいは冠血管攣縮等の血管平滑筋の緊張異常が関与すると考えられる疾患において平滑筋異常収縮が重要な役割を果たしていると思われる。すなわち、平滑筋異常収縮が血管平滑筋で起った場合は、冠動脈攣縮や脳動脈攣縮等の循環器系疾患の原因になり得る。眼血管において平滑筋異常収縮が起きた場合は、暗黒視症あるいは視野の狭窄の原因になり得る。
【0020】
また、平滑筋異常収縮が消化器平滑筋で起った場合は、食道痙攣、胃痙攣、腸管運動亢進に基づく下痢または腹痛、痙攣性イレウスあるいは腹部アンギナ等の消化器系疾患の原因になり得る。また、平滑筋異常収縮が呼吸器平滑筋で起った場合は、呼吸困難あるいは気管支喘息等の呼吸器系疾患の原因になり得る。
【0021】
さらに、本発明の平滑筋異常収縮の抑制剤は、摘出血管標本あるいはスキンド処理した血管標本を用いた平滑筋異常収縮に関する実験における抑制剤として有用である。また、本発明の平滑筋異常収縮の抑制剤は、平滑筋異常収縮に起因する疾患に関する治療・研究等への応用が可能である。
【0022】
また、血管平滑筋異常収縮に起因する循環器系疾患治療用の注射用組成物は、ヒトおよび動物において平滑筋異常収縮の抑制が必要な前記諸症状の、速やかでかつ起立性低血圧等の副作用の少ない治療剤として有用である。
【0023】
本明細書において、「Rhoキナーゼシグナル伝達系の阻害剤」の語は、平滑筋において、例えばSPC刺激によりRhoAにGTPが結合して活性化RhoAとなり、活性化RhoAによりRhoキナーゼが活性化され、Rhoキナーゼによる蛋白質リン酸化が亢進する一連の経路(生化学、69巻、1号、16−29頁、1997年)の全部あるいは一部を阻害するものである。
【0024】
本明細書において「Rhoキナーゼ」の語は、活性型RhoAに結合し活性化される蛋白質リン酸化酵素の一種であり、詳細には、ミオシン軽鎖を直接リン酸化し、一方また、ミオシンフォスファターゼをリン酸化してその活性を抑制するものであり、Rhoキナーゼ(ROKαあるいはROCKIIとも呼ばれる)およびp160ROCK(Rhoassociatedcoiledcoilkinase、ROCKIあるいはROKβとも呼ばれる)が例示される。Rhoキナーゼシグナル伝達系の阻害剤は見かけ上のRhoキナーゼ阻害剤である。
従って、本発明のRhoキナーゼシグナル伝達系の阻害剤は、Rhoキナーゼシグナル伝達系の研究に有用である。
【0025】
本発明に用いられるEPA、その塩およびエステルは市販品としてEPA純度99質量%以上、EPA−Na純度約99質量%、EPA−E純度98質量%以上を入手することができる。また、魚油やEPA産生菌およびその培養液を公知の方法、例えば連続式蒸留法、尿素付加法、液体クロマトグラフィー法、超臨界流体クロマトグラフィー法等あるいはこれらの組み合わせで精製して得ることができ、必要によりエステル化処理してエチルエステル等のアルキルエステルやグリセリド等のエステルとすることができる。また、ナトリウム塩、カリウム塩等の無機塩基またはベンジルアミン塩、ジエチルアミン塩等の有機塩基あるいはアルギニン塩、リジン塩等の塩基性アミノ酸との塩とすることができる。本発明においてEPAとは、特に断らない限りは、脂肪酸の遊離体のほか上記のような塩およびエステルも含むものとする。ヒトあるいは動物に投与する場合は、製薬学上許容しうるものが好ましい。
【0026】
本発明の平滑筋異常収縮の抑制剤、血管平滑筋異常収縮に起因する循環器系疾患治療用の注射用組成物およびRhoキナーゼシグナル伝達系の阻害剤が必須成分以外の脂肪酸混合物を含む場合は、全脂肪酸中のEPA含量は多いことが望まれ、少なくとも80質量%以上、好ましくは90質量%以上、さらに好ましくは95質量%以上のものが使用でき、97質量%以上のものがさらに好ましい。他の長鎖脂肪酸は少ないことが好ましく、特にアラキドン酸含量は少ないことが望まれ、3質量%未満が好ましく、1質量%未満がさらに好ましく、0.5質量%未満がさらに好ましい。魚油あるいは魚油の単純濃縮物はEPA以外の脂肪酸、例えばアラキドン酸、ドコサヘキサエン酸、ドコサペンタエン酸等が全脂肪酸中の50質量%以上含まれるため好ましくない。
【0027】
また、有効成分としてはEPA−E、EPA−NaあるいはEPA−Gが好ましく、経口投与する場合はEPA−Eがさらに好ましく、注射剤とする場合は、EPA−NaあるいはEPA−Gが好ましく、EPA−Naがさらに好ましい。EPA−Gとしては、トリイコサペンタエノイルグリセリド(以下EPA−TGと略称する)、1,2−ジ(イコサペンタエノイル)グリセリド、1,3−ジ(イコサペンタエノイル)グリセリド、1−イコサペンタエノイルグリセリド、2−イコサペンタエノイルグリセリドあるいはEPA基以外の水酸基がEPA以外の中鎖脂肪酸基で置換された混合グリセリド、およびそれらの混合物が含まれる。これらのうち、EPA−TG、ジイコサペンタエノイルグリセリドあるいはジイコサペンタエノイル混合グリセリドが好ましく、EPA−TGがさらに好ましい。グリセリドの長鎖脂肪酸残基全量に対するEPA基の割合は少なくとも80質量%以上、好ましくは90質量%以上、さらに好ましくは95質量%以上であり、97質量%以上のものがさらに好ましい。
【0028】
本発明の平滑筋異常収縮の抑制剤および血管平滑筋異常収縮に起因する循環器系疾患治療用の注射用組成物は、有効成分を化合物(精製の際に不可避的に含まれる他の成分を含む場合もある)単独で投与するか、或いは一般的に用いられる適当な担体または媒体の類、例えば賦形剤、結合剤、滑沢剤、着色剤、香味剤、必要に応じて滅菌水や植物油、更には無害性有機溶媒あるいは無害性溶解補助剤(たとえばグリセリン、プロピレングリコール)、乳化剤、懸濁化剤(例えばツイーン80、アラビアゴム溶液)、等張化剤、pH調整剤、安定化剤、無痛化剤などと適宜選択組み合わせて適当な医薬用製剤に調製することができる。
【0029】
EPAは高度に不飽和であるため、上記の製剤は、さらに、抗酸化剤たとえばブチレート化ヒドロキシトルエン、ブレチート化ヒドロキシアニソール、プロピルガレート、没食子酸、医薬として許容されうるキノンおよびα−トコフェロールを有効量含有させることが望ましい。
【0030】
製剤の剤形としては、錠剤、カプセル剤、マイクロカプセル剤、顆粒剤、細粒剤、散剤、経口用液体製剤、坐剤、シロップ剤、吸入剤、点眼剤、軟膏、注射剤(乳濁性、懸濁性、非水性)、あるいは用時乳濁または懸濁して用いる固形注射剤の形で、経口および静脈内あるいは動脈内、吸入、点眼、直腸内、膣内あるいは外用を問わず患者に投与されるが、とりわけカプセルたとえば、軟質カプセルやマイクロカプセルに封入しての経口投与が好ましい。また、注射剤(乳濁性、懸濁性、非水性)、あるいは用時乳濁または懸濁して用いる固形注射剤での静脈内あるいは動脈内投与が好ましい。平滑筋異常収縮の抑制が必要な諸症状のうち、予防的な効果が望まれる場合は経口投与が好ましく、比較的速効性が望まれる場合は静脈内あるいは動脈内投与が好ましい。また、気管支喘息等、呼吸器平滑筋異常収縮の抑制が必要な場合は、吸入剤として公知のネブライザー等を用いて投与することもできる。
【0031】
なお、高純度EPA−E軟質カプセル剤およびマイクロカプセル剤であるエパデールおよびエパデールS(いずれも持田製薬社製)は副作用の発現が少ない安全な閉塞性動脈硬化症および高脂血症治療薬として既に日本で市販されている。
【0032】
本発明の平滑筋異常収縮の抑制剤および血管平滑筋異常収縮に起因する循環器系疾患治療用の注射用組成物の投与量は対象となる作用を現すのに十分な量とされるが、その剤形、投与方法、1日当たりの投与回数、症状の程度、体重、年齢等によって適宜増減することができる。速効性が望まれる静脈内あるいは動脈内投与の場合は、EPAとして1〜200mg、好ましくは5〜100mg、さらに好ましくは10〜50mgを1回あるいは数回に分けて投与するが、必要に応じて点滴あるいはインフュージョンポンプ等を用いて数時間から数日にかけて持続的に投与することもできる。また、経口投与する場合はEPAとして0.1〜9g/日、好ましくは0.5〜6g/日、さらに好ましくは1〜3g/日を3回に分けて投与するが、必要に応じて全量を1回あるいは数回に分けて投与してもよい。
【0033】
(実験例)
以下に、本発明を詳細に説明するために実験例により効果を具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらによってなんら限定されるものではない。
【0034】
(実験例1:ウシ脳動脈およびブタ冠動脈のSPC収縮に及ぼすEPAの影響)
ウシ脳動脈血管あるいはブタ冠動脈血管を分離し、周辺組織および内皮を除去して血管標本(ウシ脳動脈血管:幅5mm、長さ15mm、ブタ冠動脈血管:幅3mm、長さ10mm)とした。血管標本を、95体積%O2 −5体積%CO2 混合ガスの通気下に、37℃のKrebs−HEPES緩衝液(Na+ 137.4mM、K+ 5.9mM、Ca2+1.2mM、Mg2+1.2mM、Cl- 148.1mM、グルコース11.5mM、HEPES11.6mM(pH7.3))を満たしたマグヌス管に懸垂し、張力トランスジューサーにて等尺性張力を測定した。約3gの張力負荷にて定常状態となった後、以下の実験を行った。
【0035】
+ 118mMによって脱分極させてCa2+依存性の収縮時の張力を測定し、これを正常収縮とした。K+ を洗浄後、Ca2+非依存性の異常な血管収縮惹起剤であるSPCを40μM添加して異常収縮時の張力を測定した。異常収縮時の張力が一定になった時点で、被験物質60μMを添加して張力変化を測定した。張力が一定になった時点で、更にK+ 118mMとして張力変化を測定した。ウシ脳動脈血管標本を用い、被験物質をEPA−Naとして測定した張力変化を図1に示す。
【0036】
+ 118mMによって正常収縮が起きており、SPCによって正常収縮と同程度の異常収縮が観察された。この異常収縮は、EPA−Naによりほぼ完全に抑制されたが、再度K+ 118mMとすると正常収縮と同程度の収縮が観察された。すなわち、EPA−Naは、SPCによる異常収縮を抑制するが、K+ 118mMによる正常収縮には影響を及ぼさないことがわかる。
【0037】
被験物質をEPA−E、EPA−TG、ドコサヘキサエン酸ナトリウム塩、ドコサペンタエン酸ナトリウム塩あるいはアラキドン酸ナトリウム塩とし、同様の実験を行ったところ、SPCによる異常収縮およびK+ 118mMによる正常収縮のいずれにも影響を及ぼさなかった。
【0038】
以上の結果は、ウシ脳動脈血管でもブタ冠動脈血管でも同様に得られた。
上記結果より、EPA−Naは特異的に、K+ 118mMによる正常収縮には影響を及ぼさずにSPCによるCa2+非依存性の異常な血管収縮を抑制することがわかった。
【0039】
(実験例2:スキンドファイバーSPC収縮に対するEPA−Naの抑制作用)
ブタ冠動脈血管標本の小片(幅0.1mm、長さ1.5mm)を切り出し、Krebs−HEPES緩衝液を含むバブル・プレート上のウェル中で張力トランスジューサーにて等尺性張力を測定した。K+ 118mMによって生じた収縮を測定し、これを正常収縮とした。その後、弛緩溶液(Mg−ATP4.5mM、EGTA2mM、カルモジュリン2.7μM、カルボニルシアニドpトリフルオロメトキシフェニルヒドラゾン1μM、ロイペプチン1μM)中で20μMのβ−エスシンで20分間、25℃でスキンド処理した。
【0040】
Ca2+濃度を一定(pCa6.3)とした状態で、EPA−Na60μMの存在下あるいは非存在下に、SPC40μMを添加して張力変化を測定した。
その結果、EPA−Na非存在下ではSPCにより正常収縮よりさらに強い異常収縮が観察されたが、EPA−Na存在下ではSPCによる異常収縮はほぼ完全に抑制された。また、EPA−NaのかわりにRhoキナーゼ阻害剤であるHA−107730μM存在下で同様の実験を行ったところ、SPCによる収縮はほぼ完全に抑制された。
【0041】
上記結果より、SPCはRhoキナーゼを介する経路でCa2+非依存性の平滑筋異常収縮を引き起こし、EPA−NaはこのSPC−Rhoキナーゼシグナル伝達系による異常収縮を完全に抑制することがわかった。
【0042】
(実験例3:ヒト腸管膜動脈のSPC収縮に対するEPA−Naの抑制作用)
消化器癌手術の際、患者から摘出した胃腸や周囲組織より腸間膜動脈を分離した。分離した動脈血管の周辺組織および内皮を除去して血管標本(幅1mm、長さ5mm)とした。血管標本を、95体積%O2 −5体積%CO2 混合ガスの通気下に、37℃のKrebs−HEPES緩衝液を満たしたマグヌス管に懸垂し、張力トランスジューサーにて等尺性張力を測定した。約0.5gの張力負荷にて定常状態となった後、以下の実験を行った。
【0043】
+ 118mMによって脱分極させてCa2+依存性の収縮時の張力を測定し、これを正常収縮とした。K+ を洗浄後、SPCを40μM添加して異常収縮時の張力を測定した。
その結果、いずれの患者の血管標本でもK+ 118mMによって同程度の正常収縮が観察された。血清総コレステロール値が220mg/dl以上の患者の血管標本ではSPCにより正常収縮とほぼ同程度の異常収縮が観察されたが、血清総コレステロール値が220mg/dl未満の患者の血管標本ではSPCによる収縮は殆ど観察されなかった。この異常収縮はEPA−Na60μMの添加でほぼ完全に抑制された。
上記結果より、血清総コレステロール値が220mg/dl以上の患者の血管標本においてCa2+非依存性の異常な血管収縮が起き、それがEPA−Naにより抑制されていることがわかった。
【0044】
以上の結果より、EPAはCa2+非依存性の平滑筋異常収縮を選択的に抑制し、脱分極によるCa2+依存性の生理的な平滑筋正常収縮に影響を及ぼさないことから、特異性の高い平滑筋異常収縮の抑制剤となること、速効性が高くかつ副作用の少ない血管平滑筋異常収縮に起因する循環器系疾患治療用の注射用組成物、暗黒視症および視野狭窄の予防および/または治療剤あるいは薬物誘発起立性低血圧の副作用軽減剤となること、また、平滑筋異常収縮の原因と考えられているRhoキナーゼシグナル伝達系の特異性の高い阻害剤となることが判明した。
【0045】
【実施例】
以下に、本発明の抑制剤の実施例を示すが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。
(実施例1) 注射剤
EPA−Na 1g
ブドウ糖 5g
上記各成分を秤量し、注射用滅菌水を加えて全量を100mlとし、水酸化ナトリウムでpHを調製し、濾過滅菌後5mlづつ無菌バイアルに分注した。
【0046】
(実施例2) 注射剤
EPA−Na 2g
塩化ナトリウム 0.9g
没食子酸 0.2g
上記各成分を秤量し、注射用滅菌水を加えて全量100mlとし、水酸化ナトリウムでpHを調製し、濾過滅菌後5mlづつ無菌バイアルに分注した。
【0047】
(実施例3) 乳剤
EPA−TG 100g
濃グリセリン 25g
卵黄リン脂質 12g
α−トコフェロール 3g
上記各成分を秤量し、注射用蒸留水を加えて1Lとし、ホモミキサーで分散させた。これを高圧噴射式乳化機にて乳化し、脂肪乳液を調製した。該脂肪乳液を100mlずつプラスチックボトルに分注した後、121℃、20分間オートクレーブにて滅菌して脂肪輸液とした。滅菌後、OV−フィルム(ユニチカ社製)で真空包装した。
【0048】
(実施例4) 脂肪輸液
EPA−E 50g
精製大豆油 950g
精製卵黄レシチン 120g
オレイン酸 5g
濃グリセリン 250g
上記各成分を0.1Nの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液100mlに加えホモミキサーで分散させた後、注射用蒸留水を加えて全量を10Lとした。これを高圧噴射式乳化機にて乳化し、脂肪乳液を調製した。該脂肪乳液を200mlずつプラスチックボトルに分注した後、121℃、20分間オートクレーブにて滅菌して脂肪輸液とした。滅菌後、OV−フィルム(ユニチカ社製)で真空包装した。
【0049】
(実施例5) 軟質カプセル剤
軟質ゼラチンカプセル(約0.5ml容)を滅菌し、エチル化および精製した魚油、すなわちEPA−E90.6質量%、アラキドン酸エチル2.3質量%、オクタデカテトラエン酸エチル2.2質量%、ω−3イコサテトラエン酸エチル0.7質量%を含む組成物にα−トコフェロールを0.2質量%となるように加えて、EPA−Eとして300mgとなるように満たし、次いで封じた。
【0050】
【発明の効果】
EPAを有効成分として含有することを特徴とする本発明の平滑筋異常収縮の抑制剤は、摘出血管標本あるいはスキンド処理した血管標本を用いた平滑筋異常収縮に関する実験における抑制剤として有用である。また、本発明の平滑筋異常収縮の抑制剤は、平滑筋異常収縮に起因する疾患に関する治療・研究等への応用が可能である。
【0051】
また、血管平滑筋異常収縮に起因する循環器系疾患治療用の注射用組成物は、ヒトおよび動物において平滑筋異常収縮の抑制が必要な疾患、例えば、脳動脈や冠動脈等の血管攣縮等の循環器系疾患、暗黒視症あるいは視野の狭窄、食道痙攣、胃痙攣、腸管運動亢進に基づく下痢または腹痛、痙攣性イレウスあるいは腹部アンギナ等の消化器系疾患、あるいは、呼吸困難あるいは気管支喘息等の呼吸器系疾患等に対して起立性低血圧等の副作用の少ない治療剤として有用である。特に、治療剤の速効性が望まれる疾患、例えば脳血管攣縮または冠血管攣縮に対して、正常部位での生理的かつ正常な平滑筋収縮には影響せずに、病態部位でのCa2+非依存性の平滑筋異常収縮のみを抑制することにより、速効性が高くかつ副作用の少ない治療用の注射用組成物となる。
【0052】
本発明の平滑筋異常収縮の抑制剤および血管平滑筋異常収縮に起因する循環器系疾患治療用の注射用組成物の全脂肪酸中のEPA含量比は魚油およびその単純濃縮物に比べ高いため、抑制効果の特異性が高く、あるいは治療効果が高くかつ悪心等の副作用が少ない極めて優れた性質を有している。
また、本発明のRhoキナーゼシグナル伝達系の阻害剤は、その阻害活性および特異性が高く、Rhoキナーゼシグナル伝達系の機能の研究あるいは平滑筋異常収縮が関与する疾患の治療剤開発の研究に有用である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 ウシ脳動脈血管標本のSPC収縮に及ぼすEPA−Naの影響を観察した際の張力変化の記録である。
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is characterized by containing a novel inhibitor of abnormal smooth muscle contraction, specifically, at least one selected from the group consisting of icosapentic acid (hereinafter abbreviated as EPA), salts and esters thereof as an active ingredient. The present invention relates to an inhibitor of abnormal smooth muscle contraction.
In addition, the present invention contains at least one selected from the group consisting of EPA, pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof as an active ingredient, and treats cardiovascular disease caused by abnormal contraction of vascular smooth muscle, The present invention relates to an injectable composition. In particular, the present invention relates to an injectable composition in which the circulatory system disease is cerebral vasospasm or coronary vasospasm.
The present invention also relates to an inhibitor of Rho kinase signal transduction system containing at least one selected from the group consisting of EPA, salts thereof and esters.
The EPA in the present invention is all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaic acid (all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoicacid).
[0002]
[Prior art]
In contrast to striated muscles such as skeletal muscle and myocardium, smooth muscle contraction has a contraction mechanism that does not involve membrane potential change due to a vasoconstrictor such as angiotensin II or epinephrine in addition to contraction accompanied by membrane potential change. These vasoconstrictors are cytosolic calcium ions (hereinafter Ca 2+ Abbreviated to the concentration) 2+ Binds to calmodulin and Ca 2+ -It is believed that phosphorylation of myosin light chain by myosin light chain kinase activated by calmodulin causes contraction.
Such smooth muscle contraction is caused by cytoplasmic Ca. 2+ Shrinkage occurs at an intensity depending on the degree of concentration increase. That is, Ca 2+ Dependent smooth muscle contraction, considered normal contraction.
[0003]
On the other hand, contraction caused by some vasoconstrictors is caused by Ca molecules via a low molecular weight GTP-binding protein (hereinafter abbreviated as G protein) in the cell membrane. 2+ Sensitivity is enhanced and cytoplasmic Ca 2+ Shrinkage more than the increase in concentration or Ca 2+ It is known to cause concentration independent contraction. That is, Ca 2+ It is an independent smooth muscle contraction and is considered an abnormal pathological contraction. For example, sphingosylphosphorylcholine (hereinafter abbreviated as SPC) is used to convert rabbit rectal smooth muscle into inositol triphosphate-Ca. 2+ -It is known to contract via a pathway that is independent of the pathway via calmodulin (including at least Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK)) (American Journal of Physiology, 32) G370-377, 1995).
[0004]
Rho kinase whose activity is enhanced by RhoA, one of the G proteins, is a kind of protein kinase. Rho kinase directly phosphorylates the myosin light chain to 2+ Increased sensitivity or Ca 2+ It is thought that the smooth muscle contracts independently, and on the other hand, phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase inhibits its activity and suppresses dephosphorylation of the myosin light chain. This Ca 2+ Independent Rho kinase signal transduction system is a so-called pathological abnormal contraction, and is considered to play an important role in the pathological condition of vascular smooth muscle abnormalities such as hypertension (anesthesia, vol. 47, 5, 530-540, 1998).
[0005]
Ca 2+ The antihypertensive agents marketed, represented by calcium antagonists that suppress channels, are the Ca described above. 2+ In order to suppress the dependent normal smooth muscle contraction, for example, normal reflex contraction is inhibited during the treatment of hypertension, and the side effect of orthostatic hypotension has developed. In addition, hypertension in which calcium antagonists are ineffective is known. Therefore, Ca is not affected by physiological and normal smooth muscle contraction. 2+ A substance that suppresses only independent and independent smooth muscle contraction is desired. However, there is currently no satisfactory inhibitor that selectively suppresses abnormal smooth muscle contraction.
[0006]
Among the circulatory diseases caused by pathological vascular smooth muscle contraction, various trials including calcium antagonists are also performed for diseases that require rapid treatment, such as cerebral vasospasm or coronary vasospasm. However, a sufficient therapeutic effect has not been obtained. There is a need for a therapeutic agent that does not affect physiological and normal smooth muscle contraction at the normal site and suppresses only abnormal smooth muscle contraction at the site of the diseased body where spasm has occurred. is there.
[0007]
Furthermore, narrowing of the visual field and dark vision are considered to be symptoms caused by insufficiency of blood flow to the ocular tissue due to abnormal contraction of ocular blood vessels caused by various causes. Currently, some calcium antagonists and nitroglycerin are used as therapeutic agents, but these also have insufficient therapeutic effects, and there are concerns about side effects such as a decrease in systemic blood pressure.
[0008]
In terms of therapeutic results, the situation is as described above, but regarding compounds that suppress these abnormal contractions, focusing on the basics, there are few known substances that specifically inhibit RhoA or Rho kinase, Only fasdylic acid (hereinafter abbreviated as HA-1077) or Y-27632 and its derivatives have been reported as inhibitors of Rho kinase (Nature, 389, Oct. 30, 990). -994, 1997).
[0009]
On the other hand, EPA is known to have a serum lipid lowering action, a platelet aggregation inhibitory action and the like, and is marketed in Japan as a therapeutic agent for obstructive arteriosclerosis and hyperlipidemia. However, there is no knowledge to date regarding the inhibitory effect of EPA on abnormal contraction of smooth muscle, the effectiveness against circulatory diseases caused by abnormal contraction of vascular smooth muscle, or the inhibitory action of Rho kinase signal transduction system.
[0010]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Inhibitors of smooth muscle contraction such as existing calcium antagonists are Ca 2+ Dependent physiological and normal smooth muscle contraction is completely suppressed in vitro in a dose-dependent manner, but the effect of suppressing abnormal smooth muscle contraction is not always sufficient, and there are many ineffective cases in pathological conditions such as spasm and hypertension. It has become. The present invention is, for example, Ca induced by SPC. 2+ Independently inhibits independent contraction of smooth muscle, for example, Ca due to depolarization 2+ An object of the present invention is to provide a highly selective inhibitor that does not affect dependent physiological normal contraction.
[0011]
The present invention also relates to circulatory system diseases caused by abnormal contraction of vascular smooth muscles, particularly diseases requiring prompt treatment, such as cerebral vasospasm or coronary vasospasm, pulmonary vasospasm, mesenteric artery vasospasm or finger vasospasm. It is an object of the present invention to provide an injectable composition for the treatment. In particular, Ca in the pathological site without affecting physiological and normal smooth muscle contraction in the normal site. 2+ An object of the present invention is to provide an injectable composition for treatment that has high immediate effect and few side effects by suppressing only independent abnormal contraction of smooth muscle.
Moreover, this invention is providing the highly specific inhibitor of the Rho kinase signal transmission system considered to be the cause of smooth muscle abnormal contraction.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventor conducted intensive studies on abnormal contraction of smooth muscle. As a result, EPA has an inhibitory action on the SPC-Rho kinase signal transduction system, and has an inhibitory action on abnormal contraction of smooth muscle, and normal contraction of smooth muscle. The present invention has been completed by finding the fact that it has not been known at all so far.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is described in detail below. A first aspect of the present invention is an agent for inhibiting abnormal smooth muscle contraction, comprising as an active ingredient at least one selected from the group consisting of EPA, salts thereof and esters. Smooth muscles are included regardless of organs or regions, but vascular smooth muscles, digestive smooth muscles or respiratory smooth muscles are particularly exemplified. If the inhibitory effect is obtained, the EPA content ratio and the aspect in the total fatty acid are not particularly limited, but the EPA content ratio in the total fatty acid is at least 80% by mass, preferably 90% by mass or more, more preferably 95% by mass or more. Can be used, more preferably 97% by mass or more. EPA, EPA ethyl ester (hereinafter abbreviated as EPA-E), EPA sodium salt (hereinafter abbreviated as EPA-Na), and EPA glyceride (hereinafter abbreviated as EPA-G) are preferred as the EPA mode. Is more preferable.
[0014]
The second aspect of the present invention results from abnormal contraction of vascular smooth muscle, characterized in that it contains as an active ingredient at least one selected from the group consisting of icosapentic acid, pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof. An injectable composition for treating cardiovascular diseases. Examples of the circulatory system diseases are those for which rapid action is desired, and examples thereof include cerebral vasospasm or coronary vasospasm, pulmonary vasospasm, mesenteric artery spasm, and finger vasospasm. The EPA content ratio and the aspect in the total fatty acid are not particularly limited as long as a therapeutic effect is obtained, but the EPA content ratio in the total fatty acid is at least 80% by mass, preferably 90% by mass or more, more preferably 95% by mass or more. Can be used, more preferably 97% by mass or more. The EPA mode is preferably EPA-E, EPA-Na or EPA-G, and more preferably EPA-Na. As an administration method, rapid administration is preferably performed once or several times intravenously or intraarterially, but can be continuously administered over several hours to several days using an infusion or infusion pump. .
[0015]
The third aspect of the present invention is an inhibitor of Rho kinase signal transduction system containing at least one selected from the group consisting of EPA, salts thereof and esters. Preferably, it is an inhibitor of Rho kinase signaling system in smooth muscle contraction, and an inhibitor of SPC-Rho kinase signaling system. It is also an apparent Rho kinase inhibitor. If the inhibitory effect is obtained, the EPA content ratio and the aspect in the total fatty acids are not limited, but EPA and EPA-Na are preferable, and EPA-Na is more preferable.
[0016]
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided as an active ingredient at least one selected from the group consisting of icosapentic acid, pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof, and prevention of dark vision and visual field narrowing And / or a therapeutic agent. The EPA content ratio and the aspect in the total fatty acid are not particularly limited as long as a therapeutic effect is obtained, but the EPA content ratio in the total fatty acid is at least 80% by mass, preferably 90% by mass or more, more preferably 95% by mass or more. Can be used, more preferably 97% by mass or more. EPA-E, EPA-Na, and EPA-G are preferable as the EPA mode, and the administration route is not particularly limited as long as a therapeutic effect is obtained, but oral administration, intravenous administration, or eye drops are preferable. Furthermore, the composition for oral administration which contains EPA-E as an active ingredient, or the composition for injection which contains EPA-Na as an active ingredient is preferable.
[0017]
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an agent for reducing side effects of drug-induced orthostatic hypotension, comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of EPA, pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof as an active ingredient. And the drug is a therapeutic agent for hypertension, particularly a calcium antagonist, an angiotensin II converting enzyme inhibitor or a nitro compound. The EPA content ratio and the aspect in the total fatty acid are not particularly limited as long as a therapeutic effect is obtained, but the EPA content ratio in the total fatty acid is at least 80% by mass, preferably 90% by mass or more, more preferably 95% by mass or more. Can be used, more preferably 97% by mass or more. EPA-E, EPA-Na, and EPA-G are preferable as the EPA mode, and the administration route is not particularly limited as long as a reduction effect is obtained, but oral administration or intravenous administration is preferable, and oral administration is more preferable. Furthermore, the composition for oral administration which contains EPA-E as an active ingredient, or the composition for injection which contains EPA-Na as an active ingredient is preferable. Provided are an embodiment in which EPA is administered simultaneously with an agent that induces side effects and an embodiment in which EPA is administered separately. When administered separately, EPA can be administered before or after the agent that induces side effects.
[0018]
In this specification, the term “abnormal contraction of smooth muscle” 2+ This is smooth muscle contraction that occurs in a concentration-independent manner, and smooth muscle contraction that is induced by a chemical substance typified by SPC. As a mechanism of action, smooth muscle Ca is caused by vasoconstrictor via G protein. 2+ Ca caused by increased sensitivity 2+ Smooth muscle contraction that occurs independently. Specifically, Ca through the RhoA and Rho kinase signal transduction system of smooth muscle cells 2+ Smooth muscle contraction that occurs independently. For example, abnormal smooth muscle contraction is caused by SPC in an isolated blood vessel specimen or a skinned blood vessel specimen, and is suppressed by a Rho kinase inhibitor (Y-27632, HA-1077). 2+ It can be confirmed as contraction that occurs independently, and at this time, intracellular Ca such as fura-2 2+ Ca using concentration indicator 2+ When the concentration was monitored, Ca correlated to contraction 2+ Shrinkage characterized by no increase in concentration. Cytoplasmic Ca due to membrane depolarization 2+ Ca shrinkage occurs at an intensity depending on the degree of concentration increase 2+ Dependent physiological normal smooth muscle contraction is not included.
[0019]
In the pathological condition, smooth muscle abnormal contraction seems to play an important role in diseases that are thought to involve abnormal tension of vascular smooth muscle such as hypertension, cerebral vasospasm or coronary vasospasm. That is, when abnormal smooth muscle contraction occurs in vascular smooth muscle, it can cause cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery spasm and cerebral artery spasm. If abnormal smooth muscle contraction occurs in ocular blood vessels, it can cause dark vision or narrowing of the visual field.
[0020]
Further, when abnormal smooth muscle contraction occurs in digestive smooth muscle, it may cause digestive system diseases such as esophageal spasm, gastric spasm, diarrhea or abdominal pain based on increased intestinal motility, convulsive ileus or abdominal angina. In addition, when abnormal smooth muscle contraction occurs in respiratory smooth muscle, it may cause respiratory problems such as dyspnea or bronchial asthma.
[0021]
Furthermore, the inhibitor of abnormal smooth muscle contraction of the present invention is useful as an inhibitor in an experiment relating to abnormal contraction of smooth muscle using an isolated blood vessel specimen or a skinned blood vessel specimen. In addition, the inhibitor of abnormal smooth muscle contraction of the present invention can be applied to treatment, research, etc. relating to diseases caused by abnormal smooth muscle contraction.
[0022]
In addition, an injectable composition for treating circulatory system diseases caused by abnormal contraction of vascular smooth muscle is a rapid and orthostatic hypotension etc. of the above-mentioned symptoms requiring suppression of abnormal contraction of smooth muscle in humans and animals. It is useful as a therapeutic agent with few side effects.
[0023]
In the present specification, the term “inhibitor of Rho kinase signal transduction system” means that, in smooth muscle, GTP binds to RhoA by SPC stimulation to become activated RhoA, and Rho kinase is activated by activated RhoA, It inhibits all or part of a series of pathways (Biochemistry, Vol. 69, No. 1, pp. 16-29, 1997) in which protein phosphorylation by Rho kinase is enhanced.
[0024]
As used herein, the term “Rho kinase” is a type of protein phosphorylase that binds to and is activated by active RhoA. Specifically, it directly phosphorylates a myosin light chain, while also allowing myosin phosphatase to be activated. Phosphorylation suppresses the activity, and examples include Rho kinase (also referred to as ROKα or ROCKII) and p160ROCK (also referred to as Rhoassociated coiled kinase, ROCKI or ROKβ). Inhibitors of the Rho kinase signaling system are apparent Rho kinase inhibitors.
Therefore, the inhibitor of Rho kinase signal transduction system of the present invention is useful for the study of Rho kinase signal transduction system.
[0025]
EPA, its salts and esters used in the present invention are commercially available with an EPA purity of 99% by mass or more, an EPA-Na purity of about 99% by mass, and an EPA-E purity of 98% by mass or more. In addition, fish oil, EPA-producing bacteria, and culture medium thereof can be purified by a known method such as continuous distillation, urea addition, liquid chromatography, supercritical fluid chromatography, or a combination thereof. If necessary, it can be esterified to give an alkyl ester such as ethyl ester or an ester such as glyceride. Further, it can be a salt with an inorganic base such as sodium salt or potassium salt, or an organic base such as benzylamine salt or diethylamine salt, or a basic amino acid such as arginine salt or lysine salt. In the present invention, EPA includes salts and esters as described above in addition to fatty acid free forms, unless otherwise specified. For administration to humans or animals, those that are pharmaceutically acceptable are preferred.
[0026]
When the inhibitor of abnormal smooth muscle contraction of the present invention, the injectable composition for treating circulatory disease caused by abnormal contraction of vascular smooth muscle, and the inhibitor of Rho kinase signaling system contain a fatty acid mixture other than essential components The EPA content in the total fatty acid is desired to be high, and at least 80% by mass, preferably 90% by mass or more, more preferably 95% by mass or more can be used, and 97% by mass or more is more preferable. The amount of other long-chain fatty acids is preferably small, and in particular, it is desired that the content of arachidonic acid is small. Fish oil or a simple concentrate of fish oil is not preferable because fatty acids other than EPA, such as arachidonic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, and the like are contained in an amount of 50% by mass or more based on the total fatty acids.
[0027]
The active ingredient is preferably EPA-E, EPA-Na or EPA-G, more preferably EPA-E for oral administration, and EPA-Na or EPA-G for injection, preferably EPA. -Na is more preferred. As EPA-G, triicosapentaenoyl glyceride (hereinafter abbreviated as EPA-TG), 1,2-di (icosapentaenoyl) glyceride, 1,3-di (icosapentaenoyl) glyceride, Examples include 1-icosapentaenoyl glyceride, 2-icosapentaenoyl glyceride, mixed glycerides in which hydroxyl groups other than EPA groups are substituted with medium chain fatty acid groups other than EPA, and mixtures thereof. Among these, EPA-TG, diicosapentaenoyl glyceride or diicosapentaenoyl mixed glyceride is preferable, and EPA-TG is more preferable. The ratio of the EPA group to the total amount of long-chain fatty acid residues of glyceride is at least 80% by mass, preferably 90% by mass or more, more preferably 95% by mass or more, and more preferably 97% by mass or more.
[0028]
The inhibitor of abnormal smooth muscle contraction of the present invention and the injectable composition for treating circulatory system diseases caused by abnormal contraction of vascular smooth muscle comprise an active ingredient as a compound (other ingredients inevitably contained during purification). May be included alone) or may be administered alone or in a commonly used suitable carrier or vehicle class such as excipients, binders, lubricants, colorants, flavoring agents, sterile water or Vegetable oils, further harmless organic solvents or harmless solubilizers (eg glycerin, propylene glycol), emulsifiers, suspending agents (eg Tween 80, gum arabic solution), isotonic agents, pH adjusters, stabilizers In addition, it can be appropriately combined with a soothing agent and the like to prepare an appropriate pharmaceutical preparation.
[0029]
Because EPA is highly unsaturated, the above formulation further contains an effective amount of antioxidants such as butyrated hydroxytoluene, breached hydroxyanisole, propyl gallate, gallic acid, pharmaceutically acceptable quinone and α-tocopherol. It is desirable to contain.
[0030]
The dosage form of the preparation includes tablets, capsules, microcapsules, granules, fine granules, powders, oral liquid preparations, suppositories, syrups, inhalants, eye drops, ointments, injections (emulsification) , Suspension, non-aqueous), or in the form of a solid injection for use in emulsion or suspension, for patients, whether orally, intravenously, intraarterially, inhaled, instilled, rectally, vaginally or externally In particular, oral administration in capsules such as soft capsules and microcapsules is preferred. Intravenous or intraarterial administration with an injection (emulsification, suspension, non-aqueous) or a solid injection used after emulsification or suspension at the time of use is preferred. Of various symptoms that require suppression of abnormal smooth muscle contraction, oral administration is preferred when a prophylactic effect is desired, and intravenous or intraarterial administration is preferred when relatively rapid efficacy is desired. Further, when it is necessary to suppress abnormal contraction of respiratory smooth muscle such as bronchial asthma, it can be administered using a known nebulizer or the like as an inhalant.
[0031]
In addition, high-purity EPA-E soft capsules and microcapsules Epadale and Epadale S (both manufactured by Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) have already been used as safe therapeutic agents for obstructive arteriosclerosis and hyperlipidemia with few side effects. Commercially available in Japan.
[0032]
The dosage of the inhibitor of abnormal smooth muscle contraction of the present invention and the injectable composition for treating circulatory disease caused by abnormal contraction of vascular smooth muscle is set to an amount sufficient to exhibit the intended effect, The dosage may be appropriately increased or decreased depending on the dosage form, administration method, number of administrations per day, degree of symptoms, body weight, age and the like. In the case of intravenous or intraarterial administration for which rapid action is desired, EPA is administered in an amount of 1 to 200 mg, preferably 5 to 100 mg, more preferably 10 to 50 mg, once or in several divided doses. It can also be administered continuously over several hours to several days using an infusion or infusion pump. In addition, when administered orally, 0.1 to 9 g / day, preferably 0.5 to 6 g / day, more preferably 1 to 3 g / day as EPA is administered in three divided doses. May be administered once or divided into several times.
[0033]
(Experimental example)
In the following, in order to describe the present invention in detail, the effects will be described in detail by experimental examples, but the present invention is not limited to these.
[0034]
(Experimental example 1: Effect of EPA on SPC contraction of bovine cerebral artery and porcine coronary artery)
A bovine cerebral artery blood vessel or a porcine coronary artery blood vessel was separated, and peripheral tissues and endothelium were removed to obtain a blood vessel specimen (bovine cerebral artery blood vessel: width 5 mm, length 15 mm, porcine coronary artery blood vessel: width 3 mm, length 10 mm). The blood vessel specimen is 95% by volume O 2 -5% by volume CO 2 Aerated Krebs-HEPES buffer (Na + 137.4 mM, K + 5.9 mM, Ca 2+ 1.2 mM, Mg 2+ 1.2 mM, Cl - The suspension was suspended in a Magnus tube filled with 148.1 mM, glucose 11.5 mM, and HEPES 11.6 mM (pH 7.3), and isometric tension was measured with a tension transducer. After reaching a steady state with a tension load of about 3 g, the following experiment was conducted.
[0035]
K + Ca depolarized by 118 mM 2+ Dependent contraction tension was measured, and this was defined as normal contraction. K + After washing Ca 2+ 40 μM of SPC, which is an independent vasoconstriction-inducing agent, was added, and the tension during abnormal contraction was measured. When the tension during abnormal contraction became constant, 60 μM of the test substance was added and the change in tension was measured. When the tension becomes constant, further K + The tension change was measured at 118 mM. FIG. 1 shows a change in tension measured using a bovine cerebral artery blood vessel specimen and the test substance as EPA-Na.
[0036]
K + Normal contraction occurred with 118 mM, and abnormal contraction similar to normal contraction was observed with SPC. This abnormal contraction was almost completely suppressed by EPA-Na. + When the concentration was 118 mM, contraction comparable to normal contraction was observed. That is, EPA-Na suppresses abnormal contraction due to SPC, but K + It can be seen that normal contraction by 118 mM is not affected.
[0037]
The test substance was EPA-E, EPA-TG, docosahexaenoic acid sodium salt, docosapentaenoic acid sodium salt, or arachidonic acid sodium salt. + It did not affect any normal contraction with 118 mM.
[0038]
The above results were obtained similarly for bovine cerebral artery blood vessels and porcine coronary artery blood vessels.
From the above results, EPA-Na is specifically + Ca exerted by SPC without affecting normal contraction by 118 mM 2+ Independent abnormal vasoconstriction was found to be suppressed.
[0039]
(Experimental Example 2: Inhibitory action of EPA-Na on skinned fiber SPC contraction)
A small piece (0.1 mm width, 1.5 mm length) of a porcine coronary artery blood vessel specimen was cut out, and isometric tension was measured with a tension transducer in a well on a bubble plate containing Krebs-HEPES buffer. K + The contraction caused by 118 mM was measured and was defined as normal contraction. Thereafter, it was skinned with 20 μM β-escin for 20 minutes at 25 ° C. in a relaxation solution (Mg-ATP 4.5 mM, EGTA 2 mM, calmodulin 2.7 μM, carbonylcyanide ptrifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone 1 μM, leupeptin 1 μM).
[0040]
Ca 2+ With the concentration kept constant (pCa 6.3), SPC 40 μM was added in the presence or absence of EPA-Na 60 μM, and the change in tension was measured.
As a result, abnormal contraction stronger than normal contraction was observed by SPC in the absence of EPA-Na, but abnormal contraction by SPC was almost completely suppressed in the presence of EPA-Na. Moreover, when the same experiment was conducted in the presence of HA-107730 μM, which is a Rho kinase inhibitor, instead of EPA-Na, the contraction due to SPC was almost completely suppressed.
[0041]
From the above results, SPC is a pathway mediated by Rho kinase. 2+ It was found that EPA-Na completely suppressed the abnormal contraction caused by this SPC-Rho kinase signal transduction system, causing an independent contraction of smooth muscle.
[0042]
(Experimental example 3: Inhibitory effect of EPA-Na on SPC contraction of human mesenteric artery)
During gastrointestinal cancer surgery, the mesenteric artery was isolated from the gastrointestinal tract and surrounding tissues removed from the patient. The tissue surrounding the separated arterial blood vessel and the endothelium were removed to obtain a blood vessel specimen (width 1 mm, length 5 mm). The blood vessel specimen is 95% by volume O 2 -5% by volume CO 2 The mixture was suspended in a Magnus tube filled with a Krebs-HEPES buffer solution at 37 ° C. under aeration of the mixed gas, and isometric tension was measured with a tension transducer. After a steady state was reached with a tension load of about 0.5 g, the following experiment was conducted.
[0043]
K + Ca depolarized by 118 mM 2+ Dependent contraction tension was measured, and this was defined as normal contraction. K + After washing, 40 μM SPC was added and the tension during abnormal contraction was measured.
As a result, any patient blood vessel specimen + A similar normal contraction was observed with 118 mM. Abnormal contraction of about the same level as normal contraction was observed by SPC in vascular specimens of patients whose serum total cholesterol level was 220 mg / dl or higher, but contraction by SPC was observed in vascular specimens of patients whose serum total cholesterol level was less than 220 mg / dl. Was hardly observed. This abnormal shrinkage was almost completely suppressed by the addition of 60 μM EPA-Na.
From the above results, it can be seen that in blood vessel specimens of patients whose serum total cholesterol level is 220 mg / dl or more, Ca 2+ Independent abnormal vasoconstriction occurred and was found to be suppressed by EPA-Na.
[0044]
From the above results, EPA is Ca 2+ It selectively suppresses independent independent contraction of smooth muscles and Ca due to depolarization 2+ Does not affect normal physiological smooth muscle contraction that is dependent on it, so it becomes a highly specific inhibitor of abnormal smooth muscle contraction, circulation due to abnormal contraction of vascular smooth muscle that is fast-acting and has few side effects Injectable composition for treatment of systemic diseases, prevention and / or treatment of dark vision and visual field stenosis, or side effect alleviation of drug-induced orthostatic hypotension, and also considered to cause abnormal contraction of smooth muscle It was found to be a highly specific inhibitor of the Rho kinase signal transduction system.
[0045]
【Example】
Examples of the inhibitor of the present invention are shown below, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
(Example 1) Injection
EPA-Na 1g
Glucose 5g
Each of the above components was weighed, sterilized water for injection was added to make a total volume of 100 ml, the pH was adjusted with sodium hydroxide, and 5 ml was dispensed into sterile vials after filter sterilization.
[0046]
(Example 2) Injection
EPA-Na 2g
Sodium chloride 0.9g
Gallic acid 0.2g
Each of the above components was weighed, sterilized water for injection was added to make a total volume of 100 ml, pH was adjusted with sodium hydroxide, and 5 ml each was dispensed into sterile vials after filter sterilization.
[0047]
Example 3 Emulsion
EPA-TG 100g
Concentrated glycerin 25g
Egg yolk phospholipid 12g
α-Tocopherol 3g
Each of the above components was weighed, added with distilled water for injection to 1 L, and dispersed with a homomixer. This was emulsified with a high-pressure jet type emulsifier to prepare a fat emulsion. After 100 ml of the fat emulsion was dispensed into a plastic bottle, it was sterilized in an autoclave at 121 ° C. for 20 minutes to obtain a fat infusion. After sterilization, vacuum packaging was performed using an OV-film (manufactured by Unitika).
[0048]
(Example 4) Fat infusion
EPA-E 50g
Refined soybean oil 950g
120g of purified egg yolk lecithin
Oleic acid 5g
250g concentrated glycerin
Each of the above components was added to 100 ml of 0.1N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and dispersed with a homomixer, and then distilled water for injection was added to make the total volume 10 L. This was emulsified with a high-pressure jet type emulsifier to prepare a fat emulsion. After 200 ml of the fat emulsion was dispensed into a plastic bottle, it was sterilized in an autoclave at 121 ° C. for 20 minutes to obtain a fat infusion. After sterilization, vacuum packaging was performed using an OV-film (manufactured by Unitika).
[0049]
Example 5 Soft capsule
Soft gelatin capsules (about 0.5 ml) sterilized, ethylated and purified fish oil, ie EPA-E 90.6% by weight, ethyl arachidonic acid 2.3% by weight, ethyl octadecatetraenoate 2.2% by weight To the composition containing 0.7% by mass of ethyl omega-3 icosatetraenoate, α-tocopherol was added so as to be 0.2% by mass, filled to 300 mg as EPA-E, and then sealed.
[0050]
【The invention's effect】
The inhibitor of abnormal smooth muscle contraction of the present invention, characterized by containing EPA as an active ingredient, is useful as an inhibitor in experiments on abnormal contraction of smooth muscle using an isolated blood vessel specimen or a skinned blood vessel specimen. In addition, the inhibitor of abnormal smooth muscle contraction of the present invention can be applied to treatment, research, etc. relating to diseases caused by abnormal smooth muscle contraction.
[0051]
In addition, an injectable composition for treating circulatory disease caused by abnormal contraction of vascular smooth muscle is a disease requiring suppression of abnormal contraction of smooth muscle in humans and animals, for example, vasospasm of cerebral artery, coronary artery, etc. Cardiovascular disease, dark vision or stenosis of the visual field, esophageal spasm, gastric spasm, diarrhea or abdominal pain due to intestinal hyperactivity, convulsive ileus or abdominal angina, or respiratory problems such as dyspnea or bronchial asthma It is useful as a therapeutic agent with few side effects such as orthostatic hypotension for systemic diseases. In particular, for a disease in which a fast-acting therapeutic agent is desired, for example, cerebral vasospasm or coronary vasospasm, the physiological and normal smooth muscle contraction at the normal site is not affected, and Ca 2+ By suppressing only the independent smooth muscle abnormal contraction, the composition for injection for treatment has high immediate effect and few side effects.
[0052]
Since the EPA content ratio in the total fatty acids of the inhibitor of abnormal smooth muscle contraction of the present invention and the injectable composition for treating circulatory system diseases caused by abnormal contraction of vascular smooth muscle is higher than that of fish oil and its simple concentrate, It has extremely excellent properties such as high specificity of the inhibitory effect or high therapeutic effect and few side effects such as nausea.
In addition, the inhibitor of Rho kinase signal transduction system of the present invention has high inhibitory activity and specificity, and is useful for studying the function of Rho kinase signal transduction system or developing therapeutic agents for diseases involving abnormal smooth muscle contraction. It is.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a record of changes in tension when the effect of EPA-Na on SPC contraction of bovine cerebral artery blood vessel specimens is observed.

Claims (7)

イコサペント酸、およびその製薬学上許容し得る塩およびエステルからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つを有効成分として含有する注射用組成物で、カルシウム濃度非依存性の血管平滑筋収縮に起因する脳血管攣縮、冠血管攣縮、肺血管攣縮、腸管膜血管攣縮あるいは手指血管攣縮に対して、該攣縮している血管に直接作用して攣縮を抑制する、血管攣縮治療用の注射用組成物。 An injectable composition containing, as an active ingredient, at least one selected from the group consisting of icosapentaic acid, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof, cerebral blood vessels caused by vascular smooth muscle contraction independent of calcium concentration An injectable composition for the treatment of vasospasm that suppresses vasospasm by directly acting on the vasospasm against vasospasm, coronary vasospasm, pulmonary vasospasm, mesenteric vasospasm or finger vasospasm . イコサペント酸、およびその製薬学上許容し得る塩およびエステルからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つを有効成分として含有する注射用組成物で、カルシウム拮抗剤抵抗性の血管平滑筋収縮に起因する脳血管攣縮、冠血管攣縮、肺血管攣縮、腸管膜血管攣縮あるいは手指血管攣縮に対して、該攣縮している血管に直接作用して攣縮を抑制する、血管攣縮治療用の注射用組成物。 An injectable composition containing, as an active ingredient, at least one selected from the group consisting of icosapentaic acid, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof, and cerebral blood vessels caused by vascular smooth muscle contraction resistant to calcium antagonists An injectable composition for the treatment of vasospasm that suppresses vasospasm by directly acting on the vasospasm against vasospasm, coronary vasospasm, pulmonary vasospasm, mesenteric vasospasm or finger vasospasm . 前記血管平滑筋収縮が、スフィンゴシルフォスフォリルコリン誘発血管平滑筋収縮である請求項1または2に記載の組成物。The composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the vascular smooth muscle contraction is sphingosylphosphorylcholine-induced vascular smooth muscle contraction. 前記有効成分が脂肪酸混合物中に含有され、イコサペント酸、その塩およびエステルの全脂肪酸中の含量比が80質量%以上である請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の組成物。The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the active ingredient is contained in a fatty acid mixture, and the content ratio of icosapentic acid, a salt thereof and an ester in the total fatty acid is 80% by mass or more. 前記注射用組成物がさらに脂肪輸液を含有する請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の注射用組成物。The injectable composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the injectable composition further contains a fat infusion . 前記有効成分が、イコサペント酸および/またはイコサペント酸ナトリウム塩である請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の注射用組成物。The injectable composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the active ingredient is icosapentate and / or icosapentate sodium salt. イコサペント酸、およびその製薬学上許容し得る塩およびエステルからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つを含有し、in vitroで用いられる試薬である、スフィンゴシルフォスフォリルコリン刺激によるRhoキナーゼを介するシグナル伝達の阻害剤。Rhokinase-mediated signal transduction by sphingosylphosphorylcholine, which is a reagent used in vitro, containing at least one selected from the group consisting of icosapentaic acid and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof Inhibitor.
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WO1997019925A1 (en) * 1995-11-27 1997-06-05 Leo Pharmaceutical Products Ltd. A/S (Løvens Kemiske Fabrik Produktionsaktieselskab) Quinoline derivatives containing a diol as leukotriene antagonists
JPH10316678A (en) * 1997-05-16 1998-12-02 Fujisawa Pharmaceut Co Ltd Production of thiazolylbenzofuran derivative
JPH11506425A (en) * 1995-04-21 1999-06-08 第一製薬株式会社 Ethynylthiazole derivatives

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JPH10316678A (en) * 1997-05-16 1998-12-02 Fujisawa Pharmaceut Co Ltd Production of thiazolylbenzofuran derivative

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