JP4526532B2 - 信号の解析及び処理方法 - Google Patents
信号の解析及び処理方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、信号の解析及び処理方法に関する。より具体的には、本発明はフォトプレチスモグラフ(PPG)信号の解析および処理に関する。本発明は、呼吸作用、パルス、酸素飽和度、および患者の運動に関する情報を含むPPGから臨床的に有用な情報を得るためにウェーブレット変換方法を用いる。該情報は、病院および家庭環境を含む環境範囲内において患者をモニターするためにデバイス内で用いられてよい。ある好適な態様において、前記デバイスは、得られた信号である呼吸作用、パルス、酸素飽和度、および運動の一つまたはそれ以上における異常を検出するために用いられてよい。前記デバイスは、臨床的に有用な形での前記情報の出力を可能にし、そして、信号異常の一つまたは組み合わせが検出される際に始動されるアラームを組み込む。特に注目すべきなのは、電流パルスオキシメーターデバイスの有用性が、PPG信号から直接的に患者の呼吸作用の強力な測定を提供することによって、大いに増大することである。
2.1 血液酸素飽和度およびその測定
オキシメトリーは、血液中の酸素飽和度を測定する光学的な方法である。オキシメトリーは、異なる形態のヘモグロビンの異なる波長の光を吸収する能力に基づいている。酸化ヘモグロビン(HbO2)は、赤色スペクトルの光を吸収し、そして、脱酸化または還元ヘモグロビン(RHb)は、近赤外線スペクトルの光を吸収する。赤色および赤外光が血管を通過する際に、各波長の透過は、血液中のHbO2およびRHbの濃度に反比例する。パルスオキシメーターは、動脈拍動からの交互性光入力を、静脈および他の非拍動要素の一定レベルの寄与と識別することができる。前記交互性光入力のみが解析のために選択される。パルスオキシメトリーは、高度に正確な技術であることが示されてきた。現在のパルスオキシメトリーデバイスは、赤色および赤外線PPG信号に質問することによって、血液の実際の酸素飽和度(SaO2)を測定することを目的とする。この測定値をSpO2と表示する。現在のデバイス製造者の目的は、前記デバイスにより与えられる前記パルスオキシメーターの測定値と患者の実際の血液酸素飽和度との最良の相関関係を実現することである。現行のデバイスにおいて患者の身体で得られたフォトプレチスモグラフ(PPG)信号から得られた比率は、複数の対応する比率および飽和度の値を含んでいる参照テーブルを用いて酸素飽和度の測定値を決定するために用いられることが当業者に知られている。現在のパルスオキシメーターデバイスは患者の心拍数も測定する。現行のデバイスは、前記PPG信号から直接的には呼吸作用の測定値を提供しない。この測定値を得るためには、さらなる高価で差し出がましい機器が必要とされる。
信号x(t)のウェーブレット変換は、次のように定義される。
この節では、臨床的に有用な情報の提供に使用するためにPPG信号からウェーブレットの特徴を抽出および使用する方法を記載する。これらは医療デバイス内に組み入れられ、前記情報は、患者のモニタリングに使用するために一連のフォーマットで出力される。前記デバイスは、ウェーブレット変換情報を利用するための4つのキーコンポーネントを含み、これらは、パルスコンポーネント、呼吸作用モニタリングコンポーネント、酸素飽和度コンポーネント、および、運動コンポーネントである。これらのコンポーネントに関連する基本的な理論を以下に詳細に記載する。
信号における適正な繰り返しの特徴は、ウェーブレット空間またはリスケールされたウェーブレット空間における時間・周波数バンドを生じさせる。例えば、フォトプレチスモグラフ(PPG)信号のパルス成分は、パルス周波数においてまたはその周囲においてウェーブレット空間での主要なバンドを生成する。図1(a)および(b)は、PPG信号から得られたスケイログラムの2つの図を含む。これらの図は、そのような信号におけるパルスコンポーネントにより発生したバンドの例を示す。前記パルスバンドは、図1(a)のプロットにおける破線の間に位置する。このバンドは、前記スケイログラムを横切る主要な合体した特徴のシリーズから形成される。これは、1Hz、即ち1分あたり60回の息をちょうど超える領域内に位置する図1(b)における変換表面を横切る隆起されたバンドとしてはっきり見られることが可能である。周波数に関するこのバンドの極大値は、稜線である。該稜線の軌跡は、図1(b)における前記バンドの頂上部の黒い曲線として示される。例えば方程式(3)において与えられるような、スケイログラムの適切なリスケーリングを用いることによって、我々は、ウェーブレット空間において見出された稜線を、信号の瞬時周波数に関連付けることができる。このようにして、パルス周波数(パルス速度)が、PPG信号から得られてよい。また、スケイログラムをリスケーリングする代わりに、ウェーブレット表面上の稜線から得られた周波数と実際のパルス周波数の間の適切な予め定義された関係が、前記パルス速度を決定するために用いられてよい。
呼吸作用モニタリングコンポーネントは、患者の呼吸作用のモニタリングのためにウェーブレットに基づく方法を用いる。これは、呼吸速度の測定および呼吸停止を含む異常な呼吸パターンの同定を含むことができる。呼吸作用モニタリングコンポーネントの重要な部分は、以下に記載された第2のウェーブレットの特徴分離(SWFD:secondary wavelet feature decoupling)の使用である。SWFDの適用から得られた呼吸作用に関する情報は、他の方法からの呼吸作用の情報と比較され、かつ/または、結び付けられ、呼吸作用測定出力を提供することが可能である。
(a)信号のウェーブレット変換の分解が行われる。
(b)変換表面は、適正な特徴と結び付けられた主要なバンド(第1バンド)を検出するために、適正な信号の特徴の特性周波数の近傍において検査される。そして、このバンドは、前記適正な特徴に対応する情報を明らかにするために調べられる。該調査は、時間・周波数面において局在化された周波数を同定するための稜線追跡方法を含んでよい。
(c)そして、第2バンドが前記適正な特徴の領域の範囲を超えて同定され、その稜線が同定される。
(d)そして、該第2稜線上の点の時間・周波数および時間・振幅の軌跡が抽出される。これらの新しい信号は、それぞれ稜線振幅摂動(RAP:ridge amplitude perturbation)信号」、「稜線周波数摂動(RFP:ridge frequency perturbation)信号」と示される。
(e)そして、前記RAPおよびRFP信号のウェーブレット変換が、それぞれRAPおよびRFPスケイログラムを与えるために実行される。
(f)そして、これらの第2スケイログラムは、前記元のスケイログラムの第1バンドの領域における情報を明らかにするために調べられる。この調査は、前記時間・周波数の面における局在化された周波数を同定するための稜線追跡方法を含んでよい。
(g)そして、段階(b)および段階(f)から得られた情報は、調査する前記信号の単数または複数の特徴に関連ある最適な信号情報を提供するために用いられる。
前記信号の振幅は、これらのウェーブレット変換表示を有するスケールを特徴とする。このように、赤外PPG信号のウェーブレット変換成分によって赤色PPG信号のウェーブレット変換成分を割ることによって、我々は、酸素飽和度の決定に用いられる信号比率についての有用な情報を含む新しいウェーブレットに基づく表示を得る。複素ウェーブレット関数が用いられるならば、前記情報は、前記変換のモジュラスの比率において定義された適切な経路を用いることによって、または、前記変換の実数または虚数部分からのリサジュープロットを用いることによって抽出されてよい。実数部のみを含むウェーブレット関数が用いられるのであれば、前記情報は、前記変換から得られたリサジュープロットを用いることによって抽出されるはずである。酸素飽和度の決定に必要とされるウェーブレットに基づく比率情報の抽出のための2つの称賛の方法が、以下に提供される。
(a)信号ウェーブレット変換から(即ち、元の変換、リスケールされたウェーブレット変換、得られたウェーブレット変換の比率、スケイログラム、ウェーブレット稜線等から)得られた情報を用いて、酸素飽和度を測定するための方法を提供する。
(b)信号ウェーブレット変換から(即ち、元の変換、リスケールされたウェーブレット変換、得られたウェーブレット変換の比率、スケイログラム、ウェーブレット稜線等から)得られた情報を用いて、参照テーブルを用いて信号の酸素飽和度を決定するために用いられる予め設定された基準および勾配を用いることにより最適なリサジュー表示が選択される複数のウェーブレットに基づくリサジュー図形を構築する。
(c)前記信号ウェーブレット変換から(即ち、元の変換、リスケールされたウェーブレット変換、得られたウェーブレット変換の比率、スケイログラム、ウェーブレット稜線等から)得られた情報を用いて、時間・周波数面を通じた選択経路を追跡することによって信号の酸素飽和度を決定するための前記ウェーブレット比率表面の比率の時間・周波数の等価物を構築する。時間・周波数の面を通じた好ましい経路は、パルスバンドに対応するものとなる。
(d)(b)および(c)において得られたものから最適な酸素飽和度値を提供する。
現行のデバイスは、信号から有害な運動アーチファクトを取り除くように、例えばパルス速度または酸素飽和度のような重要な臨床的パラメーターの決定の前にそれを取り除くために構成される。しかしながら、デバイス内に具現化されたここに記載された方法は、大きいスケールの体の運動、呼吸作用、および拍動する心臓を含む一般的な患者の運動をモニターする。このように、患者の運動の欠如および/または運動の異常が検出され、アラームが始動され得る。
デバイスは、次の信号、呼吸作用、パルス、呼吸、および運動のひとつまたはそれ以上をモニターするために用いられてよい。これらの信号に関する有用な情報は、デバイス上に表示され、又は使用のために適したフォーマットで出力されるであろう。
前記デバイスの詳細なブロックダイアグラムが、図23、24,25および26に提供される。
図23を参照して、信号の取得10は、患者の体の適した部位で行われる。そして、この信号は、前記信号がデジタル化されるコンポーネント11に送信され、その後、自然対数が13でウェーブレット解析の前に計算されるコンポーネント12に送信される。前記患者の信号は、標準の探針構成を用いることによって取得されてもよい。例えば、指またはつま先の探針、足の探針、額の探針、耳の探針等。さらに、前記探針は、透過または反射モードのいずれかにおいて機能してよい。
4.3.1 一般的な使用法
前記デバイスは、病院、家庭、歩行中または他の環境における一般的な患者のモニタリングに用いられてよい。例えば、病院環境内での使用のためのデバイスに対して好ましい態様においては、継続的または間欠的に患者の呼吸作用を、酸素飽和度およびパルス速度とともに、モニターするために用いられてよい。
前記デバイスの別の好ましい態様においては、それは無呼吸のモニターとして用いられるだろう。無呼吸は、通常睡眠中に起こる呼吸の停止である。成人および幼児において多くの重大な病状の原因として、この睡眠障害の認識が増大している。分離した使用区域は、無呼吸のモニターとしてのデバイスに対しては予想される。この使用の例は、(1)潜在的な無呼吸患者に対してそれが家庭用検診診断ツールとして用いられ得るような、成人モニタリング、および(2)潜在的に致死的な呼吸作用の異常に対して、子供の介護人に警報するための、病院または家庭のいずれかにおけるモニタリングツールとして用いられ得るような、幼児モニタリングを含むがこれに限定されることはない。
上記のように、収集された情報は、ベッドサイドにおいて、および/または遠隔のナースステーションにおいて、アラームを始動するために用いられる。このアラームは、患者情報の分類に従って等級分けされるだろう。例えば、関連する患者の運動の欠如または異常、パルス速度の異常、および、患者の呼吸作用の欠如または異常を伴う予め定義された閾値より下への酸素飽和度の低下は、最も高レベルのアラームを始動し得る。一方で、患者の運動の通常のレベル、および/または、規則的な呼吸作用のパターンを伴う予め定義された閾値より下への酸素飽和度の低下は、より低レベルのアラームを始動し得る。
本発明は、具体的な態様を具体的に参照して記載されそして示されてきた。しかしながら、開示された態様の形式および詳細に対する変更が、本発明の精神および範囲から逸脱することなくなされてよいことが当業者によって理解されるであろう。例えば、ウェーブレット変換以外の信号変換が用いられてよい。他の変形は、取得機器および送信電子機器の変形物を用いることによってパルス、酸素飽和度、呼吸作用および運動アーチファクトについての測定を交互に行う、多重化された配置を用いることが含まれてよい。これらの変形は、2つより多い光の波長の使用および様々なパワーおよび/または様々な光送信器へのデューティーサイクルが含まれてよいがこれに限定されない。
Claims (16)
- 信号取得手段を用いてパルスオキシメトリー信号を得るステップと、
該パルスオキシメトリー信号をウェーブレット変換解析によって分解するステップと、
該ウェーブレット変換解析によって構築された変換表面上の第1バンドおよび第2バンドを同定するステップであって、前記第1バンドが呼吸バンドであり、前記第2バンドがパルスバンドであるステップと、
前記第2バンドを解釈して、前記第1バンドを生じさせる生理学的パラメーターに関連する情報を明らかにするステップであって、
選択経路を前記第2バンドに沿って定義するステップと、
該選択経路上の点の時間・周波数の軌跡を抽出するステップと、
該選択経路上の点の時間・振幅の軌跡を抽出するステップと、
ウェーブレット変換解析によって前記時間・周波数および前記時間・振幅の軌跡を分解するステップと
を含むステップと
を含むことを特徴とする生理学的パラメーターを測定する方法。 - 前記選択経路が、稜線の近傍にあることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記選択経路が、稜線であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記パルスオキシメトリー信号が、フォトプレチスモグラフ(PPG)であることを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項3のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記ウェーブレット変換解析が連続的ウェーブレット変換を用いることを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項4のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 第2の選択経路を前記第1バンドに沿って定義するステップと、
該第2の選択経路から第1バンド情報を得るステップと、
該第1バンド情報を前記第2バンドから得られた情報と比較するステップと、
前記第1バンドを生じさせる生理学的パラメーターを最も正確に表すデータセットである最適データセットを、前記情報から選択するステップと
をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項5のいずれかに記載の方法。 - 前記最適データーセットは、前記第1バンドから得られた情報、前記分解された時間・周波数の軌跡から得られた情報、および、前記時間・振幅の軌跡から得られた情報を含む群から選択されるものであることを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項5のいずれかに従属する場合の請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記得られた情報が患者の呼吸作用の情報であることを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項7のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記情報が前記患者の呼吸作用の速度を決定するために用いられることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記情報が前記患者の個々の息を同定するために用いられることを特徴とする請求項8または請求項9に記載の方法。
- 呼吸の異常を明らかにするために用いられることを特徴とする請求項8ないし請求項10のいずれかに記載の方法。
- パルスオキシメトリー信号を得るために被験者に取り付けることができる発光デバイスおよび光検出器を含む信号取得手段、
該パルスオキシメトリー信号をデジタルパルスオキシメトリー信号に変換するように配置されたアナログデジタル変換手段、
前記デジタルパルスオキシメトリー信号を受け取るのに適しておりウェーブレット変換手段により該信号を分解するように配置された信号処理手段、ならびに、
前記ウェーブレット変換解析によって構築された変換表面上の第1バンドおよび第2バンドを同定し、前記第2バンドを解釈して前記第1バンドを生じさせる生理学的パラメーターに関連する情報を明らかにするように配置された呼吸作用コンポーネントであって、前記第1バンドが呼吸バンドであり、前記第2バンドがパルスバンドである呼吸作用コンポーネントを含む生理学的測定システムであって、
前記呼吸作用コンポーネントは、選択経路を前記第2バンドに沿って定義し、該選択経路上の点の時間・周波数の軌跡を抽出し、該選択経路上の点の時間・振幅の軌跡を抽出し、ウェーブレット変換解析によって前記時間・周波数および前記時間・振幅の軌跡を分解することによって前記第2バンドを解釈する
ことを特徴とする生理学的測定システム。 - 前記呼吸作用コンポーネントから情報を収集するように配置されたアナライザコンポーネント、および、該アナライザコンポーネントと通信するように配置されたデバイス出力をさらに含むものであることを特徴とする請求項12に記載のシステム。
- 前記アナライザコンポーネントが、所定の条件のセットを検出したらアラーム信号を発生するように配置されたものであることを特徴とする請求項13に記載のシステム。
- 前記所定の条件セットが、少なくとも既定の時間に呼吸作用が存在することを含むものであることを特徴とする請求項14に記載のシステム。
- 前記デバイス出力が、前記パルスオキシメトリー信号およびこれから得られた情報をリアルタイムで表示することができる視覚的表示手段、ならびに、前記アナライザコンポーネントからのアラーム信号を受け取ってアラームを発生することができるアラーム手段とを含むものであることを特徴とする請求項13ないし請求項15のいずれかに記載のシステム。
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US10182764B2 (en) | 2019-01-22 |
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US9220459B2 (en) | 2015-12-29 |
JP2007515977A (ja) | 2007-06-21 |
US20130046161A1 (en) | 2013-02-21 |
EP2428159A3 (en) | 2012-07-25 |
US20150366511A1 (en) | 2015-12-24 |
US8255029B2 (en) | 2012-08-28 |
WO2004075746A2 (en) | 2004-09-10 |
US20130046156A1 (en) | 2013-02-21 |
ATE521279T1 (de) | 2011-09-15 |
EP2428159B1 (en) | 2016-04-20 |
US20130046186A1 (en) | 2013-02-21 |
US20060258921A1 (en) | 2006-11-16 |
US9198616B2 (en) | 2015-12-01 |
US20130046187A1 (en) | 2013-02-21 |
US20130046188A1 (en) | 2013-02-21 |
US9192336B2 (en) | 2015-11-24 |
EP1628571A2 (en) | 2006-03-01 |
US9220460B2 (en) | 2015-12-29 |
EP1628571B1 (en) | 2011-08-24 |
WO2004075746A3 (en) | 2007-02-08 |
EP2428159A2 (en) | 2012-03-14 |
US20130046185A1 (en) | 2013-02-21 |
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