JP4514237B1 - Method and apparatus for killing aquatic organisms in ship ballast water - Google Patents

Abstract

When sterilizing a ballast water using an impact water pressure, a substance generated in the impact water pressure generating device is mixed into the ballast water, and as a result, the waste water is contaminated, resulting in pollution. To solve the problem.
The impact pressure is not directly applied to the ballast water from the impact water pressure generator, but is applied via a pressure transmission medium to prevent substances in the impact water pressure generator from being mixed into the ballast water. By using a material having a shock impedance close to water as the pressure transmission medium, the impact pressure is added to the ballast water without being attenuated so much.
[Selection] Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for killing aquatic organisms in ship ballast water.

Ships generally increase or decrease the amount of drainage depending on the weight of the cargo, etc. Stability will be reduced. In order to avoid this, a large amount of ballast water (usually about 30 %% of the maximum load weight when empty) is injected into the ballast tank for navigation, and this ballast water is dumped when loading cargo. Is done. For this reason, the aquatic organisms of the ship leaving the port where the ballast water was injected may diffuse into the sea area of the cargo loading area, and these may abnormally propagate and change the ecosystem or cause marine pollution. In order to prevent such a situation, it is necessary to kill aquatic organisms in the ballast water before dumping the ballast water to the ocean.
As a method or apparatus for killing aquatic organisms in ship ballast water, (1) a method of heating ballast water using high-temperature exhaust gas discharged from a main engine of a ship (see, for example, Patent Document 1), (2) A method of adding a bactericidal agent (for example, see Patent Document 2), (3) a method using a fixed bed electrode electrolytic cell (for example, refer to Patent Document 3), and (4) blowing nitrogen into a ballast tank to adjust the oxygen concentration. A method of reducing (for example, see Patent Document 4) has been known.
However, the methods or apparatuses (1) to (4) have the following common or individual problems.
(A) The main engine in the ship must be operated (1) (4).
(B) The killing effect is insufficient (1) (4).
(C) Since the killing process takes time, the work efficiency is low (1) (2) (4).
(D) The equipment cost is high (3) (4).
(E) The killing treatment effect varies depending on the seawater temperature at the port of call (1) (2).
(F) Because hazardous materials are used, special care is required for handling and storage (2).
(G) The operation cost is high (2) (3) (4).
(H) The required power is large (3) (4).
(I) Excessive thermal stress is applied to part of the hull as the ballast tank expands (1).
(J) Large installation floor space for equipment (3) (4).
(K) When the treated ballast water is discarded, surrounding aquatic organisms may be damaged (1) (2) (4).

  As a method for solving these problems, there has been proposed a method and an apparatus for killing aquatic organisms by applying impact hydraulic pressure as shown in Patent Document 5. According to this method, the above problems (a) to (k) are solved. However, in this method, the combustion exhaust gas generated by the combustion reaction in the impact water pressure generator is in contact with the water to be treated, and soot, hydrocarbons, etc. in the combustion exhaust gas are mixed into the water to be treated. For this reason, the water to be treated becomes contaminated containing soot, hydrocarbons, etc., and even if the microorganisms are killed, it is not desirable to dump them into the ocean.

JP 2003-181443 A JP-A-4-032278 JP 2001-000974 A JP 2002-234487 A JP-A-2005-161292 JP 2005-342699 A Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2005-076549

  The problem to be solved is that the water to be treated becomes contaminated containing soot, hydrocarbons and the like. In addition, the above problems (a) to (k) are also solved as in the method and apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 5.

ここで、ｚは物質のショックインピーダンス、ｃはその物質中を音波が伝わる場合の音速、ρはその物質の単位体積あたりの重量である。ショックインピーダンスが小さい媒体から大きい媒体に圧力波が伝達される際には、圧力波が減衰する。圧力波は、水から圧力伝達媒体に伝わり、その後圧力伝達媒体から水（バラスト水）に伝わる。したがって、圧力伝達媒体のショックインピーダンスが水と大きく異なる場合には、上記２つの伝達のいずれかがショックインピーダンスが小さい媒体から大きい媒体への伝達となって、圧力波が減衰してしまう。ゴムはそのショックインピーダンスが水に近い値であるので、ゴム製の圧力伝達媒体を用いることによって、かかる減衰を小さくする。
また、ゴム製圧力伝達媒体がその両端の圧力差によって移動する移動可能距離は、処理室内の処理水が圧力差によって収縮することによって発生する移動距離よりも大きくすることができ、一般に使用されている薄いゴム製のダイヤフラムと異なりゴム製圧力伝達媒体は圧力差によって破壊されることがないようにすることができる。 気体収束爆轟波は、例えば特許文献６に開示された装置によって発生させることができる。かかる装置はコンパクトで設備費が安価であり、運転のための暖機を必要としないので運転費が安価である。
さらに、気体収束爆轟波発生装置の特徴として、ガス充填圧の調整により循環水の性状に応じた衝撃波強度の調整が可能であり省エネ性に優れている、ガス供給や着火の操作を自動的に行って安全性向上が可能であるといった効果を有する。 A method for killing aquatic life in ship ballast water according to claim 1
The rubber pressure that separates the water in the pressure transmission section and the water in the processing chamber, with the shock water pressure induced by the gas convergent detonation wave being tightly packed inside the pipe-shaped tube between the pressure transmission section and the processing chamber It is characterized by being added to ballast water through a transmission medium that has a movement prevention mechanism for preventing movement of the rubber pressure transmission medium on the processing chamber side .
Since it is sterilized by impact water pressure, the above problems (a) to (k) are solved. For example, it has a large killing effect and energy saving effect in ballast water treatment, it is safe because it does not use poisons, and it can be processed without operating the main engine in the ship, so it has great flexibility when processing, There is an effect.
Ballast water is separated from soot, hydrocarbons and the like generated in the impact water pressure generator by the pressure transmission medium. The treated ballast water will not become contaminated including soot, hydrocarbons and the like. That is, it is a method of killing aquatic organisms in low-pollution ship ballast water.
A rubber pressure transmission medium has a shock impedance close to that of water. The impact water pressure generated by the impact water pressure generator is transmitted to the water, transmitted to the pressure transmission medium, and further transmitted to the ballast water. In this process, the impact water pressure is not greatly attenuated, and the aquatic The organism can be killed efficiently. Here, the shock impedance is expressed by the following equation.

Here, z is the shock impedance of the substance, c is the speed of sound when sound waves are transmitted through the substance, and ρ is the weight per unit volume of the substance. When a pressure wave is transmitted from a medium having a small shock impedance to a medium having a large shock impedance, the pressure wave is attenuated. The pressure wave is transmitted from water to the pressure transmission medium, and then from the pressure transmission medium to water (ballast water). Therefore, when the shock impedance of the pressure transmission medium is significantly different from that of water, one of the two transmissions becomes a transmission from a medium having a small shock impedance to a medium having a large shock impedance, and the pressure wave is attenuated. Since the shock impedance of rubber is close to that of water, the attenuation is reduced by using a rubber pressure transmission medium.
In addition, the movable distance that the rubber pressure transmission medium moves due to the pressure difference between the two ends can be made larger than the movement distance that occurs when the treated water in the treatment chamber contracts due to the pressure difference, and is generally used. Unlike the thin rubber diaphragm, the rubber pressure transmission medium can be prevented from being destroyed by the pressure difference. The gas convergent detonation wave can be generated by, for example, an apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 6. Such an apparatus is compact and inexpensive in equipment cost, and does not require warm-up for operation, so that the operating cost is low.
Furthermore, as a feature of the gas convergent detonation wave generator, it is possible to adjust the shock wave intensity according to the properties of the circulating water by adjusting the gas filling pressure, and the gas supply and ignition operations are automatic, which is excellent in energy saving. It is possible to improve the safety by going to the above.

A method for killing aquatic life in ship ballast water according to claim 2
The movement preventing mechanism is a diaphragm that covers a cross section of the pipe-shaped tube .

A method for killing aquatic life in ship ballast water according to claim 3
The impact water pressure is generated by an impact water pressure generating means installed in the ship.
Since it is processed in the ship, it can be reliably killed without depending on the facility circumstances at the port of call and is highly reliable. In addition, since there is a device in the ship, inspection and maintenance by seafarers and the like are easy, and operation costs are low.

A method for killing aquatic life in ship ballast water according to claim 4
The killing of aquatic organisms in the ship ballast water is performed during the navigation of the ship.
Since it can be treated without calling at the port, the treatment time can be freely selected, and time is not spent for ballast water treatment at the port of call. In addition, since the ship's power generation equipment is in operation during the navigation of the ship, there is an effect that the power usage cost required for the ballast water treatment is small.

A method for killing aquatic life in ship ballast water according to claim 5
The impact water pressure is generated by an impact water pressure generating means installed at a destination of the ship.
Since the impact water pressure generating means is installed at the port of call, it does not need to be installed on the ship, and can be applied to many ships without being restricted by the installation floor area of the ship. Since one processing apparatus processes the ballast water of many ships, the equipment cost per unit processing amount is low. In addition, there is an effect that ballast water treatment can be thoroughly performed on all ships.

An apparatus for killing aquatic organisms in ship ballast water according to claim 6 is provided.
A water supply device, a gas convergent detonator , a drainage device and a control device for controlling these devices,
The impact water pressure is applied to the ballast water through a rubber pressure transmission medium that separates the water in the pressure transmission unit and the water in the processing chamber into a pipe-like tube between the pressure transmission unit and the processing chamber ,
A movement prevention mechanism for preventing movement of the pressure transmission medium is provided on the processing chamber side of the pressure transmission medium .
With such an apparatus, the method for killing aquatic organisms in ship ballast water according to claim 1 can be realized, and the same effect can be obtained.
Here, the control device can control the supply timing of the ballast water before the killing process, the generation of the impact water pressure, and the drainage of the processed ballast water. It is possible to efficiently add a sequential killing process to the ballast water and shorten the processing time for the entire large amount of ballast water. Furthermore, the opening and closing timing of the on-off valve that controls the pressure transmission between the impact pressure generator and the processing chamber is optimized, and if necessary, combined with diaphragms provided at both ends of the rubber pressure transmission medium, by water supply and drainage It is possible to prevent the rubber pressure transmission medium from moving beyond the allowable range due to the pressure difference between both ends of the fluctuating rubber pressure transmission medium, which enables simultaneous operation on the combustion chamber side and the processing chamber side. To do.

An apparatus for killing aquatic organisms in ship ballast water according to claim 7,
The movement preventing mechanism is a diaphragm that covers a cross section of the pipe-shaped tube .
By such an apparatus, the method for killing aquatic organisms in ship ballast water according to claim 2 can be realized, and the same effect can be obtained.

An apparatus for killing aquatic organisms in ship ballast water according to claim 8 is provided.
A heating recirculation means for heating the treated ballast water and recirculating it to the ballast tank is provided.
When the treated ballast water is recirculated to the ballast tank for reprocessing, the treated ballast water is heated to reduce the specific gravity, the untreated ballast water is placed at the bottom of the ballast tank, and the treated ballast water is placed in the ballast tank. It will be at the top. Thereby, by taking water from the lower part of a ballast tank and performing a killing process, it becomes possible to perform a killing process efficiently with respect to untreated ballast water, and to maintain the stability of a ship.

The method and apparatus for killing aquatic organisms in ship ballast water according to the present invention applies impact water pressure to ballast water through a pressure transmission medium, and the ballast water does not come into contact with combustion exhaust gas. The treated ballast water will not become contaminated including soot, hydrocarbons and the like. That is, it is a method of killing aquatic organisms in low-pollution ship ballast water. Further, repeated operation in a short time is possible, and the processing time is shortened.
The method and apparatus for killing aquatic organisms in ship ballast water according to the present invention, especially when a gas convergence detonator is used as the impact pressure generator, the equipment cost is low, the operating cost is low, and the energy is saved. In addition, the above-described effects can be obtained.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an aquatic life killing apparatus in ship ballast water. FIG. 2 is a detailed view of the impact water pressure generating / transmitting portion. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an operation procedure.

  The aquatic organisms in the ship's ballast water were killed by applying impact water pressure using a convergent detonation wave.

(Device configuration and principle)
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an aquatic life killing apparatus in ship ballast water by an impact water pressure generator installed in a ship. The impact water pressure generator 1 is a gas convergent detonator and includes an ignition chamber 11, an igniter 12, an air supply pipe 13, an exhaust pipe 14, and a combustion chamber 15. An air supply valve 131 is provided in the air supply pipe 13. The exhaust pipe 14 is provided with an exhaust valve 141. The combustion chamber 15 has a conical shape with a diameter decreasing from the top to the bottom of the figure, the lower end is in contact with the pressure transmission unit 2, and transmission / non-transmission of gas pressure can be controlled by the on-off valve 16. Details regarding the on-off valve are described in Patent Document 6. A detonation wave is generated by opening the air supply valve 131 and taking propane and oxygen from the air supply pipe 13 into the ignition chamber 11 and igniting them with the igniter 12. The detonation wave travels from the top to the bottom in the combustion chamber 15. Since the diameter of the combustion chamber 15 is reduced from the top to the bottom, the combustion chamber 15 converges when the detonation waves interfere with each other, and the pressure is extremely high in the lower part, that is, in the part in contact with the pressure transmission unit 2. At this time, soot and hydrocarbons remain in the combustion chamber 15. The high temperature exhaust gas after ignition is discharged from the exhaust pipe 14 by opening the exhaust valve 141. The exhaust pipe 14 is in contact with the heat exchanger 7. In addition, about the gas convergence detonator, it simplified and described in the range which does not disturb understanding of this invention. The details are the same as those disclosed in Patent Document 7.

The entire area from the pressure transmission unit 2 to the processing chamber 4 is a single pipe-shaped metal tube. A rubber pressure transmission medium 3 is disposed between the pressure transmission unit 2 and the processing chamber 4. Water is supplied from the pipe 21 to the pressure transmission unit 2 and discharged from the drain 22. The impact pressure generated by the impact hydraulic pressure generator 1 is transmitted to the water in the pressure transmission unit 2. The gas at the lower end of the combustion chamber 15 has a higher shock impedance than water due to high temperature and pressure, and the impact pressure is transmitted to the water in the pressure transmission unit 2 without attenuation.
Since the water in the pressure transmission part 2 is in contact with the gas in the combustion chamber 15, soot and hydrocarbons contained in the gas or generated due to contact with water are mixed.

The pressure transmission medium 3 is made of rubber, and the shock impedance is substantially equal to the water in the pressure transmission unit 2 and the ballast water in the processing chamber 4. The impact water pressure of the pressure transmission unit 2 is transmitted to the pressure transmission medium 3 without being greatly attenuated, and further transmitted to the ballast water in the processing chamber 4.
Soot and hydrocarbons are mixed in the water in the pressure transmission part 2, but the soot and hydrocarbons are prevented from flowing into the ballast water in the processing chamber 4 by the pressure transmission medium 3. That is, the pressure transmission medium 3 acts to transmit only the impact water pressure while separating the water in the pressure transmission unit 2 and the ballast water in the processing chamber 4.

  When an impact water pressure is applied to the ballast water in the processing chamber 4, a shocking compressive force, expansion force, and shear force are applied to the aquatic organisms in the ballast water. This kills aquatic life. In order to increase the killing rate of aquatic organisms, it is preferable that the inner wall of the processing chamber 4 has no irregularities and the passage sectional area in the tube axis direction is constant. The processing chamber 4 is connected with a water supply device 5 and a drainage device 6 which will be described later. These spool valves 51 and 61 are provided so as to reduce the unevenness of the inner wall.

FIG. 2 is a detailed view of the impact water pressure generating / transmitting portion. The combustion chamber 15 is provided with an opening / closing valve 16, and the opening / closing valve 16 can be moved up and down by the control device 9. The pressure transmission medium 3 is held by the diaphragms 31 and 32 so as not to move upstream or downstream.
When taking propane and oxygen into the ignition chamber 11 from the supply pipe 13, the on-off valve 16 is moved downward to close the combustion chamber 15. When ignition is performed by the igniter 12, the on-off valve 16 is moved upward to transmit the pressure in the combustion chamber 15 to the water in the pressure transmission unit 2. The diaphragms 31 and 32 indicate that the pressure transmission medium 3 moves when the pressure is different between upstream and downstream of the pressure transmission medium 3 (for example, when the pressure transmission unit 2 is full and the processing chamber 4 is not completely full). To prevent.

The water supply device 5 supplies ballast water from the lower part of the ballast tank 8 to the treatment chamber 4 and includes a water supply valve 51. The water supply valve 51 is a spool valve. The pump 52 is always operating, and the ballast water flows into the processing chamber 4 by opening the water supply valve 51.
The drainage device 6 drains ballast water from the processing chamber 4 to the upper part of the ballast tank 8 and includes a drain valve 61. The drain valve 61 is a spool valve. By opening the drain valve 61, the treated ballast water flows into the upper part of the ballast tank 8. The pipe of the drainage device 6 is in contact with the heat exchanger 7.

The heating recirculation means heats the treated ballast water and recirculates it to the ballast tank. The heat exchanger 7 converts the heat of the high-temperature exhaust gas in the air supply pipe 14 into the treated ballast water in the drainage device 6. The drainage device 6 is mounted by discharging and discharging the treated ballast water to the upper part of the ballast tank 8.
The treated ballast water has a lower specific gravity and stays at the top of the ballast tank. When the ballast water to be treated next time is taken from the lower part of the ballast tank via the water supply device 5, the treated ballast water is not taken and the aquatic organism can be efficiently killed.

  The air supply valve 131, the igniter 12, the on-off valve 16, the exhaust valve 141, the water supply valve 51, and the drain valve 61 are connected to the control device 9. The control device 9 controls the timing of air supply, ignition, exhaust, water supply, and drainage, thereby realizing an efficient killing process. Hereinafter, specific control will be described.

(Operation)
In order to drain the treated ballast water, the drain valve 61 is opened. At the same time or a little later, the water supply valve 51 is opened. The water supply valve 51 and the drain valve 61 are opened almost simultaneously. The operation of the drainage pump 61 is stopped after draining ballast water of a predetermined ratio (not all) of the capacity of the processing chamber, and the operation of the water supply pump 51 is stopped after supplying the same amount of ballast water. As a result, the treated ballast water is replaced with untreated ballast water. In addition, by leaving a part of treated ballast water on the right side of the processing chamber 4 in the figure, untreated ballast water is prevented from being drained.
By keeping the pressure transmission part 2 full of water, the pressure transmission medium 3 can be prevented from being burned out or damaged. Further, the opening / closing timing of the opening / closing valve 16 at the downstream end of the combustion chamber 15 can be controlled to prevent the pressure transmission medium 3 from moving.

  The air supply valve 131 is opened at a timing such that the air supply is completed simultaneously with the replacement of the ballast water. When the replacement of the supply air and the ballast water is completed, the on-off valve 16 is moved upward and ignited by the igniter 12. Thereby, an impact water pressure is generated in the water in the pressure transmission unit 2. After the impact water pressure is generated, the on-off valve 16 is moved downward so that the pressure in the combustion chamber 15 is not transmitted to the pressure transmission unit 2. Thereby, the water pressure of the pressure transmission part 2 maintained at full water and the processing chamber 4 in which the state of full water is maintained by said water supply / drainage is substantially equal, and the movement of the pressure transmission medium 3 can be prevented.

  After generating the impact water pressure, the exhaust valve 141 is opened to discharge the burned gas. At this time, drainage for the next killing process is also performed, and the treated ballast water to be drained is heated by the high-temperature combustion exhaust gas via the heat exchanger 7.

  According to the operation procedure described above, the killing process that is repeatedly performed can be performed in a time-efficient manner. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing this operation procedure.

(Extended example)
Embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above examples. While maintaining the essence of the present invention, implementation different from the above embodiments is possible. Such an example is shown below.
The present embodiment uses a device provided in the ship, and can perform the killing process both at the port of call and during navigation. Alternatively, the device may be installed at the port of call. In this case, the wastewater is discharged to the ocean without being recirculated to the ballast tank. Further, heating recirculation means including a heat exchanger is not necessary.
In this embodiment, two diaphragms are provided, but only one of the upstream side and the downstream side may be provided. Moreover, it is not necessary to use a diaphragm. When a diaphragm is not used, treated water is supplied or discharged to prevent the pressure transmission medium from deviating from its normal position due to the action of the pressure on the combustion chamber side, thereby causing a malfunction of the spool valve. It is preferable to fix the pressure transmission medium by projecting a stopper from the processing chamber wall surface only during the period of time.
The diaphragm may be made of rubber and may be integrated with the pressure transmission medium by giving it a thickness.
A bellows may be used instead of the diaphragm.
The heat source for heating the treated ballast water is not the gas used for ignition, and another heat source may be used. (For example, heat may be obtained from the outer wall of the combustion chamber 15.)
The impact water pressure may be applied twice or more without replacing the ballast water to ensure the killing process.
You may provide the pump 52 for water supply / drainage in another location. A plurality of pumps may be provided.

  It is a method and apparatus for killing aquatic organisms in low-pollution ship ballast water that does not pollute drainage, and can be expected to be used in ships and ports.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Shock water pressure generator 11 Ignition chamber 12 Igniter 13 Air supply pipe 131 Air supply valve 14 Exhaust pipe 141 Exhaust valve 15 Combustion chamber 16 On-off valve 2 Pressure transmission part 21 Pipe 22 Drain 3 Pressure transmission medium 31 Diaphragm 32 With a movement prevention mechanism A certain diaphragm 4 Processing chamber 5 Water supply device 51 Water supply valve 52 Pump 6 Drainage device 61 Drainage valve 7 Heat exchanger 8 Ballast tank 9 Control device

Claims (8)

The rubber pressure that separates the water in the pressure transmission section and the water in the processing chamber, with the shock water pressure induced by the gas convergent detonation wave being tightly packed inside the pipe-shaped tube between the pressure transmission section and the processing chamber A method for killing aquatic organisms in ship ballast water, characterized in that the medium is added to ballast water via a transmission medium that includes a movement prevention mechanism for preventing movement of the rubber pressure transmission medium on the processing chamber side. . The method for killing aquatic organisms in ship ballast water according to claim 1, wherein the movement preventing mechanism is a diaphragm that covers a cross section of the pipe-shaped tube .   The method for killing aquatic organisms in ship ballast water according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the impact water pressure is generated by a shock water pressure generating means installed in the ship.   The method for killing aquatic organisms in ship ballast water according to claim 3, wherein the aquatic organism killing process in the ship ballast water is performed during navigation of the ship.   The method for killing aquatic organisms in ship ballast water according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the impact water pressure is generated by a shock water pressure generating means installed at a destination of the ship. A water supply device, a gas convergent detonator , a drainage device and a control device for controlling these devices,
The impact water pressure is applied to the ballast water through a rubber pressure transmission medium that is tightly packed in a pipe-like tube between the pressure transmission unit and the processing chamber and separates the water in the pressure transmission unit and the water in the processing chamber ,
An apparatus for killing aquatic organisms in ship ballast water , wherein a movement preventing mechanism for preventing movement of the pressure transmission medium is provided on the processing chamber side of the pressure transmission medium . The apparatus for killing aquatic organisms in ship ballast water according to claim 6, wherein the movement preventing mechanism is a diaphragm that covers a cross section of the pipe-shaped tube .   The apparatus for killing aquatic organisms in marine ballast water according to claim 6 or 7, further comprising heating and recirculation means for heating and recirculating the treated ballast water to the ballast tank.

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