JP4513092B2

JP4513092B2 - Rapid loading test equipment for ground anchors

Info

Publication number: JP4513092B2
Application number: JP2004277403A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 和夫谷; 達郎末吉
Original assignee: Yokohama National University NUC
Current assignee: Yokohama National University NUC
Priority date: 2004-09-24
Filing date: 2004-09-24
Publication date: 2010-07-28
Anticipated expiration: 2024-09-24
Also published as: JP2006090874A

Description

本発明は、急速載荷試験装置に関し、詳しくはグラウンドアンカーにおける急速載荷試験に適応した載荷試験装置に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a rapid loading test apparatus, and more particularly to a loading test apparatus adapted to a rapid loading test in a ground anchor.

地山や各種の土木工事に伴う法面、あるいはトンネル等の坑内では、地盤、岩盤の安定化を図る目的でグラウンドアンカーが広く使用されている。グラウンドアンカーは、あらかじめ削孔機等の便宜手段により地盤や岩盤に穿設された孔内に挿入され、その空隙部分にセメントミルク、合成樹脂等の定着用充填材（グラウト）を注入して固化させることにより、周辺地盤との一体化を図るものである。グラウンドアンカーの施工においては、定着用充填材が孔内に隙間なく密実状態に充填された場合に所要の定着力が発現することを前提として設計されていることから、施工管理上でのその確認手段としては、充填作業が完了した後、定着用充填材が所定の強度に達した時点で、多数本のアンカーの一部に対して品質保証試験を行うことにより、アンカーの定着力を評価している。 Ground anchors are widely used for the purpose of stabilizing the ground and bedrock in the slopes of natural ground and various civil engineering works, or in tunnels. The ground anchor is inserted into a hole previously drilled in the ground or rock by convenient means such as a drilling machine, and solidified by injecting cement filler, grout, etc. into the gap By doing so, it is intended to be integrated with the surrounding ground. The construction of ground anchors is designed on the assumption that the required fixing force is expressed when the filler for fixing is filled in the hole in a solid state without any gaps. As a confirmation method, after the filling operation is completed, when the fixing filler reaches a predetermined strength, the anchor fixing force is evaluated by performing a quality assurance test on a part of a large number of anchors. is doing.

従来、アンカーにおける定着力の確認試験は、露出したアンカーの頭部あるいはその延長部材を中心部分に挿通可能な構造のジャッキ（センターホール型油圧ジャッキ）と、そのジャッキを定位置に据えるためのジャッキ支持台（ラムチェアー）とを使用し、これにロードセル等の荷重測定器を組み合わせ、アンカーに外部から所定の荷重（引張力）を負荷する静的載荷試験方法が採用されている（例えば、非特許文献１参照）。 Conventionally, the anchor fixing force confirmation test has been conducted with a jack (a center hole type hydraulic jack) having a structure in which an exposed anchor head or its extension member can be inserted into the central portion, and a jack for placing the jack in a fixed position. A static loading test method is used in which a load measuring device such as a load cell is combined with a support base (ram chair) and a predetermined load (tensile force) is applied to the anchor from the outside (for example, non-loading) Patent Document 1).

他方、杭の載荷試験方法としては、杭頭に対し、反力装置によって杭の圧縮方向に荷重を持続的に与える静的載荷試験と共に、大きな衝撃を瞬間的に与える動的載荷試験（衝撃載荷試験、急速載荷試験）が採用されている。後者の動的載荷試験のうち急速載荷試験は、静的載荷試験に比べて試験の迅速性や経済性に優れており、代表的なものとしてスタナミック試験（STATNAMIC TEST）が知られている。ここでスタナミック試験とは、杭頭に設置されたピストン内で燃焼剤を爆発的に燃焼させ、発生するガス圧で反力マスを打ち上げ、これによる反力を載荷荷重とする急速載荷試験である。この急速載荷試験の利点としては、静的載荷試験に比べて１本の杭に必要な試験時間が短く、反力杭や反力梁等の設備が不要で、かつ載荷時間が衝撃載荷試験よりも約１０倍と長いため静的載荷に近い挙動を得ることができ、杭の静的支持力を非破壊で容易に推定できることが挙げられる。 On the other hand, the pile loading test method includes a dynamic loading test (impact loading) that momentarily gives a large impact to the pile head, along with a static loading test that continuously applies a load in the direction of pile compression by a reaction force device. Test, rapid loading test). Among the latter dynamic loading tests, the rapid loading test is superior to the static loading test in terms of quickness and economy, and a typical example is the STATNAMIC TEST. Here, the stunamic test is a rapid loading test in which the combustion force is explosively burned in the piston installed on the pile head, the reaction mass is launched with the generated gas pressure, and the reaction force resulting from this is loaded. . The advantages of this rapid loading test are that the test time required for one pile is shorter than that of the static loading test, no equipment such as reaction force piles or reaction beams are required, and the loading time is shorter than the impact loading test. Is about 10 times as long, so that a behavior close to that of a static load can be obtained, and the static bearing force of the pile can be easily estimated nondestructively.

本発明者らは、グラウンドアンカーの定着力の確認試験に適応させた急速載荷試験方法について知見し、また、この急速載荷試験を行う装置についても提案を行った（先行出願１参照）。
特願２００３−８６２０８号土質工学会編「グラウンドアンカー設計・施工基準」 The present inventors have learned about a rapid loading test method adapted to a confirmation test of ground anchor fixing force, and have also proposed a device for performing this rapid loading test (see Prior Application 1).
Japanese Patent Application No. 2003-86208 "Ground anchor design and construction standards" edited by the Japan Geotechnical Society

先行出願に係る発明の急速載荷試験装置では、吐出量の多い大型の油圧ユニットを急速載荷のための動力源としていたので、装置自体が大掛かりなため持ち運び等が困難であり、試験効率の点で課題を抱えていた。また、試験装置自体も複雑な機構であるので、コストやメンテナンスの面で不利に働いていた。 In the rapid loading test apparatus of the invention according to the prior application, a large hydraulic unit with a large discharge amount was used as a power source for rapid loading, so the apparatus itself was large and difficult to carry, etc. I had a problem. Moreover, since the test apparatus itself is a complicated mechanism, it was disadvantageous in terms of cost and maintenance.

そこで、本発明の主たる課題は、小型化と軽量化を図り試験作業効率を向上させると共に、簡素な構造としてコストやメンテナンス性に優れた急速載荷試験装置を提供することにある。 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, a main object of the present invention is to provide a rapid loading test apparatus that has a simple structure and is excellent in cost and maintainability while being reduced in size and weight to improve test work efficiency.

上記課題を解決した本発明は、次のとおりである。 The present invention that has solved the above problems is as follows.

＜請求項１記載の発明＞
請求項１記載の発明は、グラウンドアンカーのアンカー頭部を内部に挿入可能な中空のアンカー支持部材と、該アンカー支持部材に取付けられた押圧部材と、該押圧部材を上方に押し上げる弾性体と、前記弾性体の弾性力に対して反力受けとなる反力受装置と、を備えたグラウンドアンカーの急速載荷試験装置であって、
前記反力受装置は、前記弾性体、及び前記押圧部材が取付けられた前記アンカー支持部材を収納する枠部と、該枠部の下端に形成され、前記弾性体を支持すると共に、前記アンカー支持部材を遊挿可能な貫通孔が形成された台座板を有する台座部と、を備え、
前記枠部には、前記弾性体を圧縮した状態で前記押圧部材に対向する位置に鋼球を投入する投入孔が形成され、前記投入孔に前記鋼球が投入され、この鋼球が前記押圧部材を係止することによって、圧縮状態が維持される仮止め状態となり、前記鋼球が外れることにより、仮止め状態が解除される構成とされた、ことを特徴とするグラウンドアンカーの急速載荷試験装置である。 <Invention of Claim 1 >
The invention according to claim 1 is a hollow anchor support member into which an anchor head of a ground anchor can be inserted, a pressing member attached to the anchor supporting member, an elastic body that pushes the pressing member upward, A ground force rapid loading test device comprising: a reaction force receiving device that receives a reaction force against the elastic force of the elastic body;
The reaction force receiving device is formed at a lower end of the frame portion that houses the elastic body and the anchor support member to which the pressing member is attached, and supports the elastic body and the anchor support A pedestal portion having a pedestal plate in which a through hole into which a member can be loosely inserted is formed,
The frame portion is formed with an insertion hole into which a steel ball is introduced at a position facing the pressing member in a state where the elastic body is compressed, and the steel ball is introduced into the insertion hole. A fast loading test of a ground anchor characterized in that, by locking a member, a temporarily fixed state is maintained in which the compressed state is maintained, and when the steel ball is released, the temporarily fixed state is released. Device.

（作用効果）
急速載荷試験装置の構成のうち、仮止めする手段と解除する手段を設けていることにより、予め弾性体を圧縮し、その状態を仮止め手段により維持して試験場所に持ち運ぶようにすれば、法面等の足場の状態が悪いような試験場所に大型の油圧ユニット等の圧縮手段等を設置する必要がなく、試験作業効率が向上する。また、急速載荷試験は、圧縮された弾性体の弾性エネルギーをグラウンドアンカーに与えることで行われるものであるため、試験作業が容易である。
また、弾性体の圧縮状態維持の仮止めを、鋼球が押圧部材を係止することによってなされる構成であることにより、簡素な構造を実現でき、コストやメンテナンス性に優れる。 (Function and effect)
Of the configuration of the rapid loading test apparatus, by providing a means for temporarily fixing and a means for releasing, compressing the elastic body in advance, maintaining the state by the temporary fixing means and carrying it to the test place, It is not necessary to install a compression means such as a large hydraulic unit in a test place where the state of the scaffold such as a slope is bad, and the test work efficiency is improved. Moreover, since the rapid loading test is performed by applying the elastic energy of the compressed elastic body to the ground anchor, the test work is easy.
In addition, since the temporary fixing for maintaining the compressed state of the elastic body is performed by the steel ball engaging the pressing member, a simple structure can be realized, and the cost and the maintainability are excellent.

＜請求項２記載の発明＞
請求項２記載の発明は、前記枠部の内周に隣接する前記押圧部材の側面には、前記鋼球の一部分を遊嵌する縮外径部が形成され、この縮外径部に鋼球の一部分が遊嵌されることにより、仮止め状態となる構成とされた、請求項１記載のグラウンドアンカーの急速載荷試験装置である。 <Invention of Claim 2 >
According to a second aspect of the present invention, a reduced outer diameter portion for loosely fitting a part of the steel ball is formed on a side surface of the pressing member adjacent to the inner periphery of the frame portion, and a steel ball is formed on the reduced outer diameter portion. The ground anchor rapid loading test device according to claim 1, wherein a part of the ground anchor is loosely fitted to be in a temporarily fixed state.

（作用効果）
請求項１記載の発明と同様の効果が得られる。 (Function and effect)
The same effect as that of the first aspect of the invention can be obtained.

＜請求項３記載の発明＞
請求項３記載の発明は、前記枠部の外周には、環状のストッパー部材が上下に移動可能に取付けられ、前記縮外径部には、前記枠部の内周に向かって下方に傾斜する下方傾斜面が形成され、前記下方傾斜面によって前記枠部の外周方向へ押し上げられる鋼球を、前記ストッパー部材の内周面が覆うことによって、仮止め状態となる構成とされ、前記ストッパー部材の内周の上部には、拡内径部が形成され、前記ストッパー部材を押し下げることにより、前記鋼球が前記拡内径部に収納され、仮止め状態が解除される構成とされた、請求項２記載のグラウンドアンカーの急速載荷試験装置である。 <Invention of Claim 3 >
According to a third aspect of the present invention, an annular stopper member is attached to the outer periphery of the frame portion so as to be vertically movable, and the reduced outer diameter portion is inclined downward toward the inner periphery of the frame portion. A downwardly inclined surface is formed, and the steel ball pushed upward in the outer peripheral direction of the frame portion by the downwardly inclined surface is covered with the inner peripheral surface of the stopper member, thereby being in a temporarily fixed state. the inner periphery of the upper, expansion inner diameter portion is formed, by pushing down the stopper member, the steel ball is housed in the expansion bore, temporarily fixed state is configured to be released, according to claim 2, wherein This is a rapid loading test equipment for ground anchors.

（作用効果）
仮止め状態及びその解除を環状のストッパー部材の上下移動によって行う構成としたことにより、簡素な構造を実現でき、コストやメンテナンス性に優れる。また、仮止め状態の解除の際に、鋼球がストッパー部材の拡内径部に収納される構成とすることによって、鋼球が外部に飛び出すことがなく、試験作業の際の安全が図られる。 (Function and effect)
By adopting a configuration in which the temporarily fixed state and the release thereof are performed by moving the annular stopper member up and down, a simple structure can be realized, and the cost and the maintainability are excellent. Further, by adopting a configuration in which the steel ball is accommodated in the enlarged inner diameter portion of the stopper member when the temporarily fixed state is released, the steel ball does not jump out to the outside, and safety during the test work is achieved.

＜請求項４記載の発明＞
請求項４記載の発明は、前記弾性体は、積層された皿バネである請求項１乃至３のいずれか１項記載のグラウンドアンカーの急速載荷試験装置である。 <Invention of Claim 4 >
The invention according to claim 4 is the ground anchor rapid loading test apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the elastic body is a laminated disc spring.

（作用効果）
弾性体を積層された皿バネとすることにより、コイルバネでは得られない大きな（荷重）負荷容量を有することができ、負荷荷重を枚数等により調整可能であり、また変位量も自由に設定できるため、様々なグラウンドアンカーに対して適応することができる。また、大きな負荷容量に比して急速載荷試験装置の小型化と軽量化を図ることができ、試験場所への持ち運び等にも便利であり、結果として試験作業効率を向上させることができる。 (Function and effect)
By making a disc spring with laminated elastic bodies, it can have a large (load) load capacity that cannot be obtained with a coil spring, the load load can be adjusted by the number of sheets, etc., and the displacement can also be set freely Can be adapted for various ground anchors. In addition, the rapid loading test apparatus can be reduced in size and weight as compared with a large load capacity, which is convenient for carrying to a test place and the like, and as a result, test work efficiency can be improved.

本発明によれば、小型化と軽量化を図り試験作業効率を向上させると共に、簡素な構造としてコストやメンテナンス性に優れる等の利点がもたらされる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the size and weight, improve the test work efficiency, and bring about advantages such as excellent cost and maintenance performance as a simple structure.

以下、本発明の実施の形態を説明する。
＜急速載荷試験装置本体の全体概要＞
図１乃至図５、並びに図１３及び図１４に基づき、グラウンドアンカーの急速載荷試験装置本体の概要を説明する。なお、図１は本発明に係るグラウンドアンカーの急速載荷試験装置本体の正面図であり、図２は弾性体が圧縮され仮止めされている状態の、グラウンドアンカーの急速載荷試験装置本体の正面図であり、図３はグラウンドアンカーの急速載荷試験装置本体の正面図及び正面断面図であり、図４は解放部材及びストッパー部材が押し下げられている状態のグラウンドアンカーの急速載荷試験装置本体の正面図及び正面断面図であり、図５は押圧部材とアンカー支持部材とが弾性体により押し出され（付勢され）て上方に飛び出した状態のグラウンドアンカーの急速載荷試験装置本体の正面図及び正面断面図であり、図１３は急速載荷試験装置本体を他の試験装置と共にセッティング状態を説明するための説明図であり、図１４は解放部材により弾性力を解放した状態を説明するための説明図である。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.
<Overview of the rapid loading test equipment>
Based on FIGS. 1 to 5 and FIGS. 13 and 14, the outline of the ground anchor rapid loading test apparatus main body will be described. 1 is a front view of a ground anchor rapid loading test apparatus main body according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a front view of the ground anchor rapid loading test apparatus main body in a state where the elastic body is compressed and temporarily fixed. 3 is a front view and a front sectional view of the ground anchor rapid loading test apparatus main body, and FIG. 4 is a front view of the ground anchor rapid loading test apparatus main body in a state where the release member and the stopper member are pushed down. FIG. 5 is a front view and a front sectional view of the main body of the rapid loading test apparatus of the ground anchor in a state in which the pressing member and the anchor support member are pushed out (biased) by the elastic body and protrude upward. FIG. 13 is an explanatory view for explaining the setting state of the rapid loading test apparatus main body together with other test apparatuses, and FIG. It is an explanatory diagram for explaining a state in which the released sex force.

グラウンドアンカーの急速載荷試験装置本体１は、図１３及び図１４に示されるグラウンドアンカーの急速載荷試験に用いられるものであり、この急速載荷試験については後述することとし、まず、急速載荷試験装置本体１の構成について説明する。 The rapid loading test apparatus main body 1 of the ground anchor is used for the rapid loading test of the ground anchor shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, and this rapid loading test will be described later. First, the rapid loading test apparatus main body The configuration of 1 will be described.

図１及び図３、並びに図１３及び図１４に示すように、アンカー頭部ＡＨ（図１乃至図５には図示せず）を内部に挿入可能とし、アンカー頭部ＡＨを取付け可能とした中空のアンカー支持部材２と、該アンカー支持部材２に取付けられた押圧部材３と、該押圧部材３を上方に付勢する弾性体４と、前記弾性体４の弾性力に対して反力受けとなる反力受装置５と、この反力受装置５に取付けられる解放部材６と、該解放部材６によって解除（解放）されるストッパー部材７と、を備えている。また、反力受装置５は、前記弾性体４、及び押圧部材３が取付けられたアンカー支持部材２を収納する枠部５１と、該枠部５１の下端に形成され、前記弾性体４を支持すると共に、前記アンカー支持部材２を遊挿可能な貫通孔５２Ｂが形成された台座板５２Ａを有する台座部５２と、を備えている。 As shown in FIGS. 1, 3, 13, and 14, the anchor head AH (not shown in FIGS. 1 to 5) can be inserted therein, and the anchor head AH can be attached to the hollow. Anchor support member 2, a pressing member 3 attached to the anchor support member 2, an elastic body 4 that biases the pressing member 3 upward, and a reaction force receiver against the elastic force of the elastic body 4. A reaction force receiving device 5, a release member 6 attached to the reaction force receiving device 5, and a stopper member 7 released (released) by the release member 6. Further, the reaction force receiving device 5 is formed at the lower end of the frame portion 51 for accommodating the elastic body 4 and the anchor support member 2 to which the pressing member 3 is attached, and supports the elastic body 4. And a pedestal portion 52 having a pedestal plate 52A in which a through hole 52B into which the anchor support member 2 can be loosely inserted is formed.

概要としては、図１に示すように、アンカー支持部材２が反力受装置５から突出した状態から、アンカー支持部材２（又は頭部フランジ部材２１）を図３に示すように押し下げて、弾性体４を圧縮した状態で鋼球８，８，…を投入孔５１Ａ，５１Ａ，…に投入して、その略半球部分を押圧部材３の縮外径部３Ａに遊嵌し、図２に示すようにストッパー部材７を押し上げて、鋼球８，８，…をストッパー部材７の内周面７Ａで覆うようにして仮止め状態としておく。その状態で、後述するように、急速載荷試験のセッティングを行った後に、バーハンドル６Ｂ，６Ｂを解放部材６の法線方向に回転させながら螺合させていき、枠部５１の下方に押し下げることにより、ストッパー部材７を押し下げる。拡内径部７Ｂが投入孔５１Ａ，５１Ａ，…の高さ位置と重なる位置まで押し下げられると、鋼球８，８，…は枠部５１の外周へ飛び出し、ストッパー部材７の拡内径部７Ｂ内に収まるようになる。このことによって、押圧部材３の側面の縮外径部３Ａの係止状態（仮止め状態）が解除され、圧縮された弾性体４の弾性力により押圧部材３を介してアンカー支持部材２が上方に押し上げられ、図１４に示すように、アンカー支持部材２に取付けられたアンカー頭部ＡＨに急速載荷が加えられるようになるものである。 As an outline, as shown in FIG. 1, the anchor support member 2 (or the head flange member 21) is pushed down from the state where the anchor support member 2 protrudes from the reaction force receiving device 5 as shown in FIG. The steel balls 8, 8,... Are inserted into the insertion holes 51A, 51A,... While the body 4 is compressed, and the substantially hemispherical portion is loosely fitted into the reduced outer diameter portion 3A of the pressing member 3, as shown in FIG. In this manner, the stopper member 7 is pushed up so that the steel balls 8, 8,... Are covered with the inner peripheral surface 7A of the stopper member 7 to be temporarily fixed. In this state, as described later, after setting the rapid loading test, the bar handles 6B and 6B are screwed together while rotating in the normal direction of the release member 6, and pushed down below the frame portion 51. Thus, the stopper member 7 is pushed down. When the expanded inner diameter portion 7B is pushed down to the position where it overlaps the height position of the insertion holes 51A, 51A,..., The steel balls 8, 8,... Pop out to the outer periphery of the frame portion 51 and enter the expanded inner diameter portion 7B of the stopper member 7. Will fit. Thus, the locked state (temporarily fixed state) of the reduced outer diameter portion 3A on the side surface of the pressing member 3 is released, and the anchor support member 2 is moved upward via the pressing member 3 by the elastic force of the compressed elastic body 4. As shown in FIG. 14, a rapid load is applied to the anchor head AH attached to the anchor support member 2.

なお、グラウンドアンカーＡとしては、鋼棒状のものでも、鋼線状のものでもよく、多様な材質、性状等のものでも本装置で急速載荷試験を行うことができる。 The ground anchor A may be a steel rod or steel wire, and various materials and properties can be used for the rapid loading test.

ここで、急速載荷試験装置本体１の構成について説明する前に、この急速載荷試験装置本体１に圧縮力を与える部材である架台部材１１について、図６、図１１及び図１２に基づいて説明する。なお、図６は架台部材の平面図、正面図及び側面図であり、図１１は急速載荷試験装置本体を架台部材に載置した状態を説明する正面図であり、図１２は急速載荷試験装置本体を圧縮する状態を説明する正面図である。
架台部材１１は、油圧ジャッキ１２を取付けて、急速載荷試験装置本体１の弾性体４を圧縮するためのものである。天板１１Ａと、この天板１１Ａの両端部に形成された側壁１１Ｂ，１１Ｂと、これら側壁１１Ｂ，１１Ｂの両下端に形成された底板１１Ｃと、を備えている。天板１１Ａの略中央には、油圧ジャッキ１２を取付け可能な取付口１１ａが形成されており、油圧ジャッキ１２はそのラム１２Ｂを下方にして取付口１１ａに挿入し、油圧ジャッキ１２の側面に螺刻された雄ネジ部（図示せず）を取付口１１ａに螺刻された雌ネジ部（図示せず）と螺合させ、油圧ジャッキ１２と架台部材１１とを固定するものである。また、底板１１Ｃは、その上面に、急速載荷試験装置本体１を載せるとともに、後述する油圧ジャッキ１２が与える荷重の反力受けとなるものである。急速載荷試験装置本体１の弾性体４の圧縮作業の前段階として、搬送ホース（図示せず）を油圧ジャッキ１２の取入口１２Ａに連結する必要がある。そして、油圧ユニット（図示せず）により油圧をかけラム１２Ｂを伸長させることによって、アンカー支持部材２及び/または頭部フランジ部材２１を押圧し、アンカー支持部材２の外周に取付けられた押圧部材３を押し下げ、それによって弾性体４を圧縮すればよい。 Here, before describing the configuration of the rapid loading test apparatus main body 1, the gantry member 11 that is a member that applies a compressive force to the rapid loading test apparatus main body 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 6, 11, and 12. . 6 is a plan view, a front view, and a side view of the gantry member, FIG. 11 is a front view for explaining a state in which the rapid loading test apparatus main body is placed on the gantry member, and FIG. 12 is a rapid loading test apparatus. It is a front view explaining the state which compresses a main body.
The gantry member 11 is for attaching a hydraulic jack 12 and compressing the elastic body 4 of the rapid loading test apparatus main body 1. A top plate 11A, side walls 11B and 11B formed at both ends of the top plate 11A, and a bottom plate 11C formed at both lower ends of the side walls 11B and 11B are provided. A mounting port 11a to which the hydraulic jack 12 can be attached is formed at the approximate center of the top plate 11A. The hydraulic jack 12 is inserted into the mounting port 11a with the ram 12B facing downward, and is screwed onto the side surface of the hydraulic jack 12. The engraved male screw portion (not shown) is screwed with the female screw portion (not shown) screwed into the attachment port 11a, and the hydraulic jack 12 and the gantry member 11 are fixed. Further, the bottom plate 11C is used to place the rapid loading test apparatus main body 1 on the upper surface and to receive a reaction force of a load applied by a hydraulic jack 12 described later. As a pre-stage of the compression operation of the elastic body 4 of the rapid loading test apparatus main body 1, it is necessary to connect a transport hose (not shown) to the intake port 12A of the hydraulic jack 12. Then, by applying hydraulic pressure by a hydraulic unit (not shown) and extending the ram 12B, the anchor supporting member 2 and / or the head flange member 21 are pressed, and the pressing member 3 attached to the outer periphery of the anchor supporting member 2 May be pressed down, thereby compressing the elastic body 4.

＜急速載荷試験装置本体の構成＞
図７乃至図１０に基づき、本発明に係るグラウンドアンカーの急速載荷試験装置本体の各構成について詳述する。図７は反力受装置の平面図、正面図、正面断面図及び底面図であり、図８は押圧部材の平面図及び正面図であり、図９は解放部材の平面図及び正面断面図であり、図１０はストッパー部材の平面図及び正面断面図である。 <Configuration of main body of rapid loading test device>
Based on FIG. 7 thru | or FIG. 10, each structure of the rapid loading test apparatus main body of the ground anchor which concerns on this invention is explained in full detail. 7 is a plan view, a front view, a front sectional view, and a bottom view of the reaction force receiving device, FIG. 8 is a plan view and a front view of the pressing member, and FIG. 9 is a plan view and a front sectional view of the release member. FIG. 10 is a plan view and a front sectional view of the stopper member.

急速載荷試験装置本体１に係る反力受装置５は、前述したように、弾性体４、及び押圧部材３が取付けられたアンカー支持部材２を収納する枠部５１と、該枠部５１の下端に形成され、弾性体４を支持すると共に、前記アンカー支持部材２を遊挿可能な貫通孔５２Ｂが形成された台座板５２Ａを有する台座部５２と、を備えている。 As described above, the reaction force receiving device 5 according to the rapid loading test apparatus main body 1 includes the frame portion 51 that houses the anchor 4 and the elastic body 4 and the pressing member 3, and the lower end of the frame portion 51. And a pedestal portion 52 having a pedestal plate 52A in which a through hole 52B into which the anchor support member 2 can be loosely inserted is formed.

枠部５１は筒状であり、この枠部５１には圧縮された弾性体４の圧縮状態を維持するために、仮止めするための鋼球８，８，…を投入する投入孔５１Ａ，５１Ａ，…が形成されている。これら投入孔５１Ａ，５１Ａ，…の枠部５１に形成される高さ位置としては、急速載荷試験としての変位量を決定するものであるので、適切な変位量が得られるように位置決めすればよく、具体的には、弾性体４を所望の変位量が得られる適切な程度に圧縮した状態で、押圧部材３の側面の縮外径部３Ａの位置に対向するように高さ位置を決めればよい。また、枠部５１の横断面での配置関係としては、アンカーの軸対称性を保持する観点から、投入孔５１Ａが３箇所以上形成され、かつ均等な間隔になるようにすればよく、本実施の形態では隣接する投入孔５１Ａ，５１Ａの中心角が９０度になるように４箇所形成されている。また、枠部５１は、その内部に弾性体４を収納すると共に、外周に解放部材６と、この解放部材６によって解放されるストッパー部材７を取付けることができるようになっている。具体的には、図１乃至図３に示すように、枠部５１の頭部に雄ネジ部が螺刻されており、この雄ネジ部に螺着するように雌ネジ部が設けられた解放部材６が取付けられる。そして、この解放部材６の下方にはストッパー部材７が取付けられ、枠部５１の外周面を摺動するようになっており、弾性体４が圧縮された状態では、投入孔５１Ａ，５１Ａ，…に投入された鋼球８，８，…をストッパー部材７の内周面７Ａで覆うようになっている。後述するが、投入孔５１Ａ，５１Ａ，…に投入された鋼球８，８，…は、圧縮された弾性体４の弾性力（反発力）により押圧部材３が上方へ押し上げられる力が働き、そのため、押圧部材３の側面の縮外径部３Ａに形成された下方傾斜面３ａによって枠部５１の外周へ飛び出す方向に外力を受ける。そして、鋼球８，８，…に作用するこの力によって、これら鋼球８，８，…を介し枠部５１とストッパー部材７とが一体化する。この状態では、鋼球８，８，…が押圧部材３の側面の縮外径部３Ａに係止されており、弾性体４が圧縮された状態で仮止めされている。なお、枠部５１は必ずしも筒状であることに限定されず、上述したような仮止め手段や解放手段を取付けることが可能な形状であれば良い。 The frame part 51 is cylindrical, and in order to maintain the compressed state of the compressed elastic body 4, the frame part 51 is provided with insertion holes 51A, 51A for introducing steel balls 8, 8,. , ... are formed. As the height position formed in the frame portion 51 of these input holes 51A, 51A,..., The displacement amount as a rapid loading test is determined. Therefore, the positioning may be performed so as to obtain an appropriate displacement amount. Specifically, if the elastic body 4 is compressed to an appropriate level to obtain a desired amount of displacement, the height position is determined so as to face the position of the reduced outer diameter portion 3A on the side surface of the pressing member 3. Good. Further, as the arrangement relation in the cross section of the frame portion 51, from the viewpoint of maintaining the axial symmetry of the anchor, it is sufficient to form the injection holes 51A at three or more locations and at equal intervals. In this form, four positions are formed so that the center angles of the adjacent injection holes 51A and 51A are 90 degrees. Further, the frame portion 51 accommodates the elastic body 4 therein, and can be provided with a release member 6 and a stopper member 7 released by the release member 6 on the outer periphery. Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, a male screw portion is threaded on the head of the frame portion 51, and a release in which a female screw portion is provided so as to be screwed onto the male screw portion. A member 6 is attached. A stopper member 7 is attached below the release member 6 so as to slide on the outer peripheral surface of the frame portion 51. When the elastic body 4 is compressed, the insertion holes 51A, 51A,. Are covered with the inner peripheral surface 7A of the stopper member 7. As will be described later, the steel balls 8, 8,... Thrown into the throwing holes 51 A, 51 A,... Have a force that pushes the pressing member 3 upward by the elastic force (repulsive force) of the compressed elastic body 4. Therefore, an external force is received in the direction of protruding to the outer periphery of the frame portion 51 by the downward inclined surface 3a formed on the reduced outer diameter portion 3A on the side surface of the pressing member 3. Then, by this force acting on the steel balls 8, 8,..., The frame portion 51 and the stopper member 7 are integrated via the steel balls 8, 8,. In this state, the steel balls 8, 8,... Are locked to the reduced outer diameter portion 3A on the side surface of the pressing member 3, and the elastic body 4 is temporarily fixed in a compressed state. The frame portion 51 is not necessarily limited to a cylindrical shape, and may be any shape as long as the temporary fixing means and the releasing means as described above can be attached.

弾性体４は、圧縮バネとして、コイルバネや皿バネ等が考えられるが、本実施の形態では、皿バネを用いている。皿バネは、コイルバネでは得られない大きな（荷重）負荷容量を有することができ、負荷荷重を枚数等により調整可能であり、また積み重ね方や材質の変更によって変位量も自由に設定できるため、急速載荷試験には好適である。本実施の形態では１００〜５００ｋＮまで負荷荷重を変化させることができ、また載荷時間も０．０１秒程度であるので、様々なグラウンドアンカーに対して適応することができる。 The elastic body 4 may be a coil spring, a disc spring, or the like as a compression spring, but in the present embodiment, a disc spring is used. A disc spring can have a large (load) load capacity that cannot be obtained with a coil spring, the load load can be adjusted by the number of sheets, etc., and the amount of displacement can also be set freely by changing the stacking method or material, so it is quick. It is suitable for a loading test. In the present embodiment, the load can be changed from 100 to 500 kN, and the loading time is about 0.01 seconds, so that it can be applied to various ground anchors.

台座部５２は、弾性体４を支持すると共に、アンカー支持部材２を遊挿可能な貫通孔５２Ｂが形成された台座板５２Ａと、この台座板５２Ａの下端に形成された立ち上がり壁５２Ｃと、この立ち上がり壁５２Ｃの下端に形成され、中央に開口部５２ｄを有する底板５２Ｄと、を備えている。台座板５２Ａは、前述のように、弾性体４を下方から支持しており、また、その中央部にはアンカー支持部材２を遊挿可能な貫通孔５２Ｂが形成されており、急速載荷試験の際のアンカー支持部材２の上下動を可能としている。立ち上がり壁５２Ｃは円筒状に台座板５２Ａの下端に形成されている。この立ち上がり壁５２Ｃは、後述するように、アンカー支持部材２が急速載荷試験の際に反力受装置５から飛び出さないように、アンカー支持部材２に取付けられた底部フランジ部材２２の上下動が可能となるように、高さを確保するために設けられるものである。底板５２Ｄは、中央部にアンカー体部ＡＴが固定されたアンカーテンドンＡを下方から挿入できるように開口部５２ｄが形成されている。 The pedestal portion 52 supports the elastic body 4 and has a pedestal plate 52A formed with a through hole 52B into which the anchor support member 2 can be loosely inserted, a rising wall 52C formed at the lower end of the pedestal plate 52A, A bottom plate 52D formed at the lower end of the rising wall 52C and having an opening 52d at the center. As described above, the base plate 52A supports the elastic body 4 from below, and a through hole 52B into which the anchor support member 2 can be loosely inserted is formed at the center thereof. The vertical movement of the anchor support member 2 is possible. The rising wall 52C is formed in a cylindrical shape at the lower end of the base plate 52A. As will be described later, the rising wall 52C allows the bottom flange member 22 attached to the anchor support member 2 to move up and down so that the anchor support member 2 does not jump out of the reaction force receiving device 5 during the rapid loading test. It is provided to ensure the height so that it is possible. The bottom plate 52D is formed with an opening 52d so that the uncurtain dong A having the anchor body AT fixed at the center can be inserted from below.

アンカー支持部材２は、前述したように、中空であり、その内部にアンカー頭部ＡＨを挿入可能とし、アンカー頭部ＡＨを取付け可能としている。アンカーテンドン自体は、アンカー体部ＡＴにより地盤中に固定され下方に引張力が働いているので、アンカー支持部材２へのアンカー頭部ＡＨの固定は、アンカーヘッド等の定着部材１５をアンカー頭部ＡＨに取付け、アンカー支持部材２の頭部側先端に係止するだけでよい。アンカー支持部材２の頭部と底部には頭部フランジ部材２１及び底部フランジ部材２２が取付けられている。これら頭部フランジ部材２１及び底部フランジ部材２２は、それぞれアンカー支持部材２の外周面に螺着されると共に、フランジを貫通する止めネジ（図示せず）によりアンカー支持部材２と一体化されている。頭部フランジ部材２１は、油圧ジャッキ１２のラム１２Ｂが当たりやすくなるように実質的に当接面積を拡大するためのものであり、必ずしも必要とされない。底部フランジ部材２２は、前述したように、アンカー支持部材２が急速載荷試験の際に反力受装置５から飛び出さないように、飛び出し規制のためにアンカー支持部材２に取付けられるものである。また、底部フランジ部材２２の上部にはスポンジ、軟質樹脂、ゴム等の衝撃緩衝材２３が取付けられており、急速載荷試験の際、アンカー支持部材２が上方に上昇したとき、台座板５２Ａの下面に衝突し、反力受装置５への衝撃を緩和するようになっている。 As described above, the anchor support member 2 is hollow, the anchor head AH can be inserted therein, and the anchor head AH can be attached. Since the uncurtain dong itself is fixed in the ground by the anchor body part AT and a tensile force is working downward, the anchor head AH is fixed to the anchor support member 2 by fixing the fixing member 15 such as the anchor head to the anchor head. It only needs to be attached to the AH and locked to the head side tip of the anchor support member 2. A head flange member 21 and a bottom flange member 22 are attached to the head and bottom of the anchor support member 2. The head flange member 21 and the bottom flange member 22 are respectively screwed to the outer peripheral surface of the anchor support member 2 and are integrated with the anchor support member 2 by a set screw (not shown) penetrating the flange. . The head flange member 21 is for substantially expanding the contact area so that the ram 12B of the hydraulic jack 12 can be easily hit, and is not necessarily required. As described above, the bottom flange member 22 is attached to the anchor support member 2 so as to prevent the anchor support member 2 from jumping out from the reaction force receiving device 5 during the rapid loading test. Further, an impact cushioning material 23 such as sponge, soft resin, rubber or the like is attached to the upper portion of the bottom flange member 22. When the anchor support member 2 is lifted upward during the rapid loading test, the lower surface of the base plate 52A. And the impact on the reaction force receiving device 5 is reduced.

押圧部材３は、中央にアンカー支持部材２の外周に螺刻された雄ネジ部と螺合させるための雌ネジ部が形成された円形プレート状であり、アンカー支持部材２に螺着させると共に、押圧部材側面を貫通する止めネジ（図示せず）によりアンカー支持部材２と一体化されている。ここで、押圧部材３は、アンカー支持部材２に取付けられ下面に当接する弾性体４を押圧し弾性体４を圧縮させると共に、弾性体４の弾性力を受けて、アンカー支持部材２を上方に押し上げるためのものである。また、押圧部材３の側面には、縮外径部３Ａが形成されており、図３に示すように、弾性体４が圧縮された状態で、反力受装置５の枠部５１の投入孔５１Ａ，５１Ａ，…から投入された鋼球８，８，…のうち、この縮外径部３Ａにおいて略半球部分が遊嵌されるようになっている。前述したように、鋼球８，８，…は、圧縮された弾性体４の弾性力（反発力）により押圧部材３が上方へ押し上げられる力が働き、そのため、押圧部材３の側面の縮外径部３Ａに形成された下方傾斜面３ａによって枠部５１の外周へ飛び出す方向に外力を受ける。ここで、ストッパー部材７の内周面７Ａと当接し、ストッパー部材７が反力受となっている状態では、鋼球８，８，…が押圧部材３の側面の縮外径部３Ａに係止されることにより、弾性体４が圧縮された状態で仮止めされている。後述するが、ストッパー部材７が押し下げられ、拡内径部７Ｂが投入孔５１Ａ，５１Ａ，…の高さ位置と重なるようになると、鋼球８，８，…は枠部５１の外周へ飛び出し、ストッパー部材７の拡内径部７Ｂ内に収まるようになる。このことによって、押圧部材３の側面の縮外径部３Ａの係止状態（仮止め状態）が解除され、圧縮された弾性体４の弾性力（反発力）により押圧部材３を介してアンカー支持部材２が上方に押し上げられ、アンカー支持部材２の頭部側先端に取付けられたアンカー頭部ＡＨに急速載荷が与えられるものである。 The pressing member 3 is in the form of a circular plate having a female screw portion for screwing with a male screw portion threaded on the outer periphery of the anchor support member 2 at the center, and is screwed to the anchor support member 2. The anchor supporting member 2 is integrated with a set screw (not shown) penetrating the side surface of the pressing member. Here, the pressing member 3 presses the elastic body 4 attached to the anchor support member 2 and abuts the lower surface to compress the elastic body 4 and receives the elastic force of the elastic body 4 to move the anchor support member 2 upward. It is for pushing up. Further, a reduced outer diameter portion 3A is formed on the side surface of the pressing member 3, and as shown in FIG. 3, the insertion hole of the frame portion 51 of the reaction force receiving device 5 in a state where the elastic body 4 is compressed. Of the steel balls 8, 8,... Charged from 51A, 51A,..., A substantially hemispherical portion is loosely fitted in the reduced outer diameter portion 3A. As described above, the steel balls 8, 8,... Act to push the pressing member 3 upward by the elastic force (repulsive force) of the compressed elastic body 4. An external force is received in the direction of protruding to the outer periphery of the frame portion 51 by the downward inclined surface 3a formed in the diameter portion 3A. Here, when the stopper member 7 is in contact with the inner peripheral surface 7A of the stopper member 7 and the stopper member 7 is receiving a reaction force, the steel balls 8, 8,... Are engaged with the reduced outer diameter portion 3A on the side surface of the pressing member 3. By being stopped, the elastic body 4 is temporarily fixed in a compressed state. As will be described later, when the stopper member 7 is pushed down so that the enlarged inner diameter portion 7B overlaps the height position of the insertion holes 51A, 51A,..., The steel balls 8, 8,. The member 7 is accommodated in the enlarged inner diameter portion 7B. Thus, the locked state (temporarily fixed state) of the reduced outer diameter portion 3A on the side surface of the pressing member 3 is released, and the anchor is supported via the pressing member 3 by the elastic force (repulsive force) of the compressed elastic body 4. The member 2 is pushed upward, and a rapid load is applied to the anchor head AH attached to the head-side tip of the anchor support member 2.

反力受装置５の枠部５１には、解放部材６と、該解放部材６によって解放されるストッパー部材７と、が取付けられている。
解放部材６は環状であり、その内周面には枠部５１の頭部に螺刻された雄ネジ部に螺合する雌ネジ部が形成されている。また、外周面には、バーハンドル６Ｂの先端に形成された雄ネジ部６ｂに螺合する雌ネジ部が形成された雌ネジ突起部６Ａ，６Ａが取付けられている。この解放部材６は、解放部材６にバーハンドル６Ｂ，６Ｂを取付けた状態で、反力受装置５の枠部５１の頭部に取付け、バーハンドル６Ｂ，６Ｂを解放部材６の法線方向に回転させながら螺合させていくことにより、枠部５１の下方に下がっていく構成となっている。そして、この解放部材６の下降により、ストッパー部材７が押し下げられ、最終的に、押圧部材３の側面の縮外径部３Ａの係止状態（仮止め状態）が解除されるようになっている。なお、バーハンドル６Ｂ，６Ｂを取付けるのは、弾性体４が圧縮された状態ではストッパー部材７が鋼球８，８，…に作用する外力の反力受となっているので、このストッパー部材７に相当の力が掛かっており、枠部５１とストッパー部材７とが強固に一体化しているため、その状態でストッパー部材７を押し下げるには相当の力を要するからである。 A release member 6 and a stopper member 7 released by the release member 6 are attached to the frame portion 51 of the reaction force receiving device 5.
The release member 6 has an annular shape, and has an inner peripheral surface formed with a female screw portion that is screwed into a male screw portion screwed into the head portion of the frame portion 51. Further, on the outer peripheral surface, female screw projections 6A and 6A each having a female screw part screwed into a male screw part 6b formed at the tip of the bar handle 6B are attached. The release member 6 is attached to the head of the frame portion 51 of the reaction force receiving device 5 with the bar handles 6B and 6B attached to the release member 6, and the bar handles 6B and 6B are arranged in the normal direction of the release member 6. By being screwed together while being rotated, it is configured to descend below the frame portion 51. Then, when the release member 6 is lowered, the stopper member 7 is pushed down, and finally, the locked state (temporarily locked state) of the reduced outer diameter portion 3A on the side surface of the pressing member 3 is released. . The bar handles 6B and 6B are attached because the stopper member 7 is a reaction force receiver of external force acting on the steel balls 8, 8,... When the elastic body 4 is compressed. This is because a considerable amount of force is applied to the frame portion 51, and the frame portion 51 and the stopper member 7 are firmly integrated, so that a considerable amount of force is required to push down the stopper member 7 in this state.

ストッパー部材７は環状であり、その内周は鋼球８，８，…に当接し、この鋼球８，８，…に作用する外力の反力受けとなる内周面７Ａと、枠部５１の外周へ飛び出した鋼球８，８，…を収める拡内径部７Ｂと、を備えており、枠部５１の外周面を上下に摺動するように構成されている。ここで、図１６及び１７に基づき、仮止め状態について説明すると、まず、反力受装置５にストッパー部材７を挿嵌し、台座板５２Ａ近傍まで押し下げておく。それと共に、解放部材６を枠部５１の頭部に螺合させる。この状態で、次に、架台部材１１の底板１１Ｃ上に載置し、油圧ユニット１２により油圧をかけラム１２Ｂを伸長させて押圧部材３を押し下げ、弾性体４を圧縮する。そして、ラム１２Ｂを伸長させている状態で、鋼球８，８，…を投入孔５１Ａ，５１Ａ，…に投入して、その略半球部分を押圧部材３の縮外径部３Ａに遊嵌し、ストッパー部材７を押し上げて、鋼球８，８，…をストッパー部材７の中部から下部にかけて形成された内周面７Ａで覆う状態にする。次に、注圧を解除し、鋼球８，８，…に押圧部材３の側面の縮外径部３Ａに形成された下方傾斜面３ａによって枠部５１の外周へ飛び出す方向に外力を与え、これら鋼球８，８，…を介し枠部５１とストッパー部材７とを一体化させればよい。その後、架台部材１１から急速載荷試験装置本体１を取り出し、この急速載荷試験装置本体１を用い所望の場所において急速載荷試験を行うことができる。この急速載荷試験の際には、前述したように、ストッパー部材７の上部に当接する解放部材６の押し下げによって、ストッパー部材７が押し下げられ、拡内径部７Ｂが投入孔５１Ａ，５１Ａ，…の高さ位置と重なるようになると、鋼球８，８，…は枠部５１の外周へ飛び出し、ストッパー部材７の拡内径部７Ｂ内に収まるようになる。このことによって、押圧部材３の側面の縮外径部３Ａの係止状態（仮止め状態）が解除され、圧縮された弾性体４の弾性力（反発力）により押圧部材３を介してアンカー支持部材２が上方に押し上げられ、アンカー支持部材２の頭部側先端に取付けられたアンカー頭部ＡＨに急速載荷が与えられる。ここで、拡内径部７Ｂの断面形状において、図４に示すように、下面部７ｂをストッパー部材７の外周に向って上方に傾斜するように形成すれば、縮外径部３Ａに形成された下方傾斜面３ａによって、枠部５１の外周の斜め上方向へ飛び出そうとする鋼球８，８，…をうまく収納できるので好適である。 The stopper member 7 has an annular shape, and an inner periphery thereof abuts against the steel balls 8, 8,..., An inner peripheral surface 7A serving as a reaction force of an external force acting on the steel balls 8, 8,. , And an expanded inner diameter portion 7B that accommodates the steel balls 8, 8,... Protruding to the outer periphery of the frame portion 51, and is configured to slide up and down on the outer peripheral surface of the frame portion 51. Here, the temporarily fixed state will be described with reference to FIGS. 16 and 17. First, the stopper member 7 is inserted into the reaction force receiving device 5 and pushed down to the vicinity of the base plate 52 </ b> A. At the same time, the release member 6 is screwed into the head of the frame portion 51. Next, in this state, the elastic member 4 is placed on the bottom plate 11C of the gantry member 11 and is pressurized by the hydraulic unit 12 to extend the ram 12B and push down the pressing member 3, thereby compressing the elastic body 4. Then, in a state where the ram 12B is extended, the steel balls 8, 8,... Are inserted into the insertion holes 51A, 51A, and the substantially hemispherical portion is loosely fitted to the reduced outer diameter portion 3A of the pressing member 3. The stopper member 7 is pushed up so that the steel balls 8, 8,... Are covered with an inner peripheral surface 7A formed from the middle part to the lower part of the stopper member 7. Next, the injection pressure is released, and an external force is applied to the steel balls 8, 8,... What is necessary is just to integrate the frame part 51 and the stopper member 7 through these steel balls 8,8, .... Thereafter, the rapid loading test apparatus main body 1 can be taken out from the gantry member 11, and the rapid loading test can be performed at a desired place using the rapid loading test apparatus main body 1. In this rapid loading test, as described above, the stopper member 7 is pushed down by pushing down the release member 6 that contacts the upper portion of the stopper member 7, and the enlarged inner diameter portion 7 B becomes higher than the input holes 51 A, 51 A,. When it comes to overlap with the position, the steel balls 8, 8,... As a result, the locked state (temporarily fixed state) of the reduced outer diameter portion 3A on the side surface of the pressing member 3 is released, and the anchor is supported via the pressing member 3 by the elastic force (repulsive force) of the compressed elastic body 4. The member 2 is pushed upward, and a rapid load is applied to the anchor head AH attached to the head-side tip of the anchor support member 2. Here, in the cross-sectional shape of the enlarged inner diameter portion 7B, as shown in FIG. 4, if the lower surface portion 7b is inclined upward toward the outer periphery of the stopper member 7, it is formed in the reduced outer diameter portion 3A. It is preferable that the steel balls 8, 8,... That are about to jump out obliquely upward on the outer periphery of the frame portion 51 can be stored well by the downward inclined surface 3a.

なお、ストッパー部材７の内周には、上部に拡内径部７Ｂが形成され、中部から下部にかけて内周面７Ａが形成されているが、その境がストッパー部材７を枠部５１に取付けられた状態では目視できなくなってしまう。この点を解決するため、予め解放部材６の上端が枠部５１の上端に丁度重なる（上面が一致する）状態で、この解放部材６の下端にストッパー部材７の上端が当接すれば、鋼球８，８，…をストッパー部材７の内周面７Ａが確実に覆う状態であるようにストッパー部材７の高さ（拡内径部７Ｂと内周面７Ａとの縦方向長さ関係）を予め設定しておけばよい。そのように予め部材の高さを調整しておけば、油圧ジャッキ１２の注圧を解除した途端、アンカー支持部材２が押し上げられてしまうという不都合を防止できる。 In addition, on the inner periphery of the stopper member 7, an enlarged inner diameter portion 7 </ b> B is formed at the upper portion, and an inner peripheral surface 7 </ b> A is formed from the middle portion to the lower portion, but the boundary is attached to the frame portion 51. It will not be visible in the state. In order to solve this point, if the upper end of the release member 6 is overlapped with the upper end of the frame portion 51 in advance (the upper surface is coincident), and the upper end of the stopper member 7 comes into contact with the lower end of the release member 6, the steel ball The height of the stopper member 7 (the longitudinal length relationship between the expanded inner diameter portion 7B and the inner peripheral surface 7A) is set in advance so that the inner peripheral surface 7A of the stopper member 7 reliably covers 8, 8,. You just have to. If the height of the member is adjusted in this way, it is possible to prevent the inconvenience that the anchor support member 2 is pushed up as soon as the pressure of the hydraulic jack 12 is released.

本実施の形態では、解放部材６とストッパー部材７とを別部材としたが、一体として成形してもよい。また、解放部材６をなくして、ストッパー部材７に解放機能を付加してもよい。この場合、図示はしないが、ストッパー部材７の内周面７Ａに雌ネジを設けると共に、その外周面には、バーハンドル６Ｂの先端に形成された雄ネジ部６ｂに螺合する雌ネジ部が形成された雌ネジ突起部６Ａ，６Ａを取付ければよい。 In the present embodiment, the release member 6 and the stopper member 7 are separate members, but may be molded as a single unit. Further, the release member 6 may be eliminated, and a release function may be added to the stopper member 7. In this case, although not shown, a female screw is provided on the inner peripheral surface 7A of the stopper member 7, and a female screw portion that is screwed into a male screw portion 6b formed at the tip of the bar handle 6B is provided on the outer peripheral surface. The formed female screw protrusions 6A and 6A may be attached.

＜測定手段、及び急速載荷試験装置本体を用いた急速載荷試験方法＞
図１３及び図１４に基づき、急速載荷試験装置本体を用いた急速載荷試験方法を説明する。
まず、測定手段について説明すると、測定手段は、非接触型変位計１８、加速度計１７、荷重計としてロードセル１４と、信号ケーブル（図示せず）と、各計測器からの信号を測定値として変換し、この測定値を集積するコンピューター（図示せず）と、を備えている。非接触型変位計１８、ロードセル１４、加速度計１７により検出された信号は動歪測定器（図示せず）を介し、コンピューターに送信される。これらの信号は、コンピューターにより、変位量、加速度、荷重、圧力の測定値として変換され、当該コンピューターに測定結果として集積される構成となっている。なお、時間の計測については、コンピューターにより行われ、また、計測された加速度に計測された時間を乗ずることで速度が算出される。 <Measurement means and rapid loading test method using rapid loading test apparatus main body>
Based on FIGS. 13 and 14, a rapid loading test method using the rapid loading test apparatus main body will be described.
First, the measuring means will be described. The measuring means converts the non-contact displacement meter 18, the accelerometer 17, the load cell 14 as a load meter, a signal cable (not shown), and signals from each measuring instrument as measured values. And a computer (not shown) for collecting the measured values. Signals detected by the non-contact displacement meter 18, the load cell 14, and the accelerometer 17 are transmitted to a computer via a dynamic strain measuring device (not shown). These signals are converted as measured values of displacement, acceleration, load, and pressure by a computer, and are accumulated in the computer as measurement results. The time is measured by a computer, and the speed is calculated by multiplying the measured acceleration by the measured time.

各計測器の設置箇所としては、後述するが、図１３に示すように、非接触型変位計１８，１８については、不動梁（図示せず）の所定位置、すなわち受圧プレート１３及び上部プレート１６Ａにレーザーが照射される位置に取付ける。また、加速度計１７は定着部材１５又は上部プレート１６Ａに設置する。ロードセル１４については、下部プレート１６Ｂと受圧プレート１３との間に設置すればよい。なお、加速度については、時間と変位量とから算出できるため、必ずしも加速度計１７を設置する必要がない。また、非接触型変位計１８，１８は、受圧プレート１３及び上部プレート１６Ａのどちらか一方について計測すればよい。さらに、加速度計１７を設置する場合には、変位量が計算できるので、非接触型変位計１８，１８を設置する必要はない。 As will be described later, the installation location of each measuring instrument will be described later. As shown in FIG. 13, the non-contact displacement gauges 18 and 18 have a predetermined position on a stationary beam (not shown), that is, the pressure receiving plate 13 and the upper plate 16A. Attach to the position where the laser is irradiated. The accelerometer 17 is installed on the fixing member 15 or the upper plate 16A. The load cell 14 may be installed between the lower plate 16B and the pressure receiving plate 13. Note that the acceleration can be calculated from the time and the amount of displacement, so that the accelerometer 17 is not necessarily installed. Further, the non-contact type displacement meters 18, 18 may measure either the pressure receiving plate 13 or the upper plate 16A. Further, when the accelerometer 17 is installed, the displacement amount can be calculated, so that it is not necessary to install the non-contact type displacement meters 18, 18.

以下に、試験作業方法を説明する。
予め、架台部材１１に取付けた油圧ジャッキ１２により、弾性体４を圧縮しておき、解放部材６及びストッパー部材７を取付けて仮止め状態にしておく。そして、アンカー体部ＡＴにより法面等の地盤中に固定されたアンカーテンドンＡのうち、反力材１９から露出したアンカー頭部ＡＨに対して、受圧プレート１３を中央部に形成された開口を介して遊びをもたせながら嵌挿し、反力材１９上に設置する。そして、その上に、荷重計としてロードセル１４を設置し、その上に中央に開口を有する下部プレート１６Ｂを設置する。なお、反力材１９としては、法面に形成される法枠や受圧板等を用いても良い。 The test work method will be described below.
The elastic body 4 is compressed in advance by the hydraulic jack 12 attached to the gantry member 11, and the release member 6 and the stopper member 7 are attached to be temporarily fixed. Then, an opening formed in the central portion of the pressure receiving plate 13 with respect to the anchor head AH exposed from the reaction material 19 among the uncurtain dong A fixed in the ground such as the slope by the anchor body portion AT. It is inserted on the reaction force member 19 while providing play. And the load cell 14 is installed as a load meter on it, and the lower plate 16B which has an opening in the center is installed on it. In addition, as the reaction force member 19, a frame or a pressure receiving plate formed on a slope may be used.

次に、アンカーテンドンＡを反力受装置５の下方、すなわち底板５２Ｄに形成された開口部５２ｄから挿入し、アンカー支持部材２の中空内を貫通して、アンカー支持部材２の頭部先端からアンカー頭部ＡＨを突出させる。そして、その状態で、反力装置５を下部プレート１６Ｂの上に設置する。 Next, the uncurtain dong A is inserted below the reaction force receiving device 5, that is, from the opening 52 d formed in the bottom plate 52 D, penetrates through the hollow of the anchor support member 2, and from the tip of the head of the anchor support member 2. The anchor head AH is protruded. And the reaction force apparatus 5 is installed on the lower plate 16B in the state.

次に、中央に開口を有する上部プレート１６Ａをアンカー頭部ＡＨに嵌挿して、アンカー支持部材２の頭部先端に乗せ、アンカーヘッド等の定着部材１５をアンカー頭部ＡＨに取付け、アンカー支持部材２の頭部側先端に係止して、アンカー頭部ＡＨを定着部材１５及び上部プレート１６Ａを介してアンカー支持部材２に固定する。そして、前述したように、加速度計１７を定着部材１５又は上部プレート１６Ａに設置し、また地盤に固定した不動梁（図示せず）に設置された非接触型変位計１８を、受圧プレート１３及び上部プレート１６Ａにレーザーが照射される位置、かつ適度な距離を保つ位置に配置する。 Next, an upper plate 16A having an opening in the center is fitted into the anchor head AH, placed on the tip of the anchor support member 2, and a fixing member 15 such as an anchor head is attached to the anchor head AH. The anchor head AH is fixed to the anchor support member 2 via the fixing member 15 and the upper plate 16A. As described above, the accelerometer 17 is installed on the fixing member 15 or the upper plate 16A, and the non-contact displacement meter 18 installed on a stationary beam (not shown) fixed to the ground is connected to the pressure receiving plate 13 and The upper plate 16A is disposed at a position where a laser is irradiated and at a position maintaining an appropriate distance.

そして、解放部材６に取付けられたバーハンドル６Ｂ，６Ｂを解放部材６の法線方向に回転させながら螺合させていくことにより、解放部材６を枠部５１の下方に下げる。この解放部材６の下降により、ストッパー部材７が押し下げられ、最終的に、押圧部材３の側面の縮外径部３Ａの係止状態（仮止め状態）が解除される。すなわち、前述したように、ストッパー部材７が押し下げられ、拡内径部７Ｂが投入孔５１Ａ，５１Ａ，…の高さ位置と重なるようになると、鋼球８，８，…は枠部５１の外周へ飛び出し、ストッパー部材７の拡内径部７Ｂ内に収まるようになる。このことによって、押圧部材３の側面の縮外径部３Ａの係止状態（仮止め状態）が解除され、圧縮された弾性体４の弾性エネルギーにより押圧部材３を介してアンカー支持部材２が上方に押し上げられ、アンカー支持部材２の頭部側先端に取付けられたアンカー頭部ＡＨに急速載荷が与えられる。 Then, the bar handle 6B, 6B attached to the release member 6 is screwed while being rotated in the normal direction of the release member 6, thereby lowering the release member 6 below the frame portion 51. By the lowering of the release member 6, the stopper member 7 is pushed down, and finally, the locked state (temporarily fixed state) of the reduced outer diameter portion 3A on the side surface of the pressing member 3 is released. That is, as described above, when the stopper member 7 is pushed down and the enlarged inner diameter portion 7B overlaps the height position of the insertion holes 51A, 51A,..., The steel balls 8, 8,. It pops out and fits within the expanded inner diameter portion 7B of the stopper member 7. Thus, the locked state (temporarily fixed state) of the reduced outer diameter portion 3A on the side surface of the pressing member 3 is released, and the anchor support member 2 is moved upward via the pressing member 3 by the elastic energy of the compressed elastic body 4. The anchor head AH attached to the tip of the anchor support member 2 at the head side is quickly loaded.

試験の際には、前述したように、非接触型変位計１８、ロードセル１４、加速度計１７により検出された信号は動歪測定器を介し、コンピューターに送信され、コンピューターにより、変位量、加速度、荷重、圧力の測定値として変換され、当該コンピューターに測定結果として集積される。 During the test, as described above, the signals detected by the non-contact displacement meter 18, the load cell 14, and the accelerometer 17 are transmitted to the computer via the dynamic strain measuring instrument, and the displacement amount, acceleration, It is converted as a measurement value of load and pressure, and is accumulated as a measurement result in the computer.

グラウンドアンカーの急速載荷試験装置本体の正面図である。It is a front view of the rapid loading test apparatus main body of a ground anchor. 弾性体が圧縮され仮止めされている状態の、グラウンドアンカーの急速載荷試験装置本体の正面図である。It is a front view of the rapid loading test apparatus main body of a ground anchor in the state where the elastic body is compressed and temporarily fixed. グラウンドアンカーの急速載荷試験装置本体の正面図及び正面断面図である。It is the front view and front sectional drawing of the rapid loading test apparatus main body of a ground anchor. 解放部材及びストッパー部材が押し下げられている状態のグラウンドアンカーの急速載荷試験装置本体の正面図及び正面断面図である。It is the front view and front sectional drawing of the rapid loading test apparatus main body of a ground anchor in the state where the release member and the stopper member are pushed down. 押圧部材とアンカー支持部材とが弾性体に押し出され（付勢され）て上方に飛び出した状態のグラウンドアンカーの急速載荷試験装置本体の正面図及び正面断面図である。It is the front view and front sectional drawing of the rapid loading test apparatus main body of the ground anchor in the state where the pressing member and the anchor support member were pushed out (biased) by the elastic body and jumped upward. 架台部材の平面図、正面図及び側面図である。It is the top view, front view, and side view of a gantry member. 反力受装置の平面図、正面図、正面断面図及び底面図である。It is a top view, a front view, a front sectional view, and a bottom view of the reaction force receiving device. 押圧部材の平面図及び正面図である。It is the top view and front view of a pressing member. 解放部材の平面図及び正面断面図である。It is the top view and front sectional drawing of a release member. ストッパー部材の平面図及び正面断面図である。It is the top view and front sectional drawing of a stopper member. 急速載荷試験装置本体を架台部材に載置した状態を説明する正面図である。It is a front view explaining the state which mounted the rapid loading test apparatus main body on the mount member. 急速載荷試験装置本体を圧縮する状態を説明する正面図である。It is a front view explaining the state which compresses a rapid loading test apparatus main body. 急速載荷試験装置本体を他の試験装置と共にセッティング状態を説明するための説明図である。It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating a setting state of a rapid loading test apparatus main body with another test apparatus. 解放部材により弾性力を解放した状態を説明するための説明図である。It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the state which released the elastic force with the releasing member.

Explanation of symbols

１…急速載荷試験装置本体、２…アンカー支持部材、３…押圧部材、３Ａ…縮外径部、３ａ…傾斜面、４…弾性体、５…反力受装置、６…解放部材、６Ａ…雌ネジ突起部、６Ｂ…バーハンドル、６ｂ…雄ネジ部、７…ストッパー部材、７Ａ…内周面、７Ｂ…拡内径部、７ｂ…下面部、８…鋼球、１１…架台部材、１１Ａ…天板、１１Ｂ…側壁、１１Ｃ…底板、１１ａ…取付口、１２…油圧ジャッキ、１２Ａ…取入口、１２Ｂ…ラム、１３…受圧プレート、１４…ロードセル、１５…定着部材、１６Ａ…上部プレート、１６Ｂ…下部プレート、１７…加速度計、１８…非接触型変位計、１９…反力材、２１…頭部フランジ部材、２２…底部フランジ部材、２３…衝撃緩衝材、５１…枠部、５１Ａ…投入孔、５２…台座部、５２Ａ…台座板、５２Ｂ…貫通孔、５２Ｃ…立ち上がり壁、５２Ｄ…底板、５２ｄ…開口部、Ａ…アンカーテンドン、ＡＨ…アンカーヘッド、ＡＴ…アンカー体。 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Rapid loading test apparatus main body, 2 ... Anchor support member, 3 ... Pressing member, 3A ... Reduced outer diameter part, 3a ... Inclined surface, 4 ... Elastic body, 5 ... Reaction force receiving device, 6 ... Release member, 6A ... Female screw projection, 6B ... Bar handle, 6b ... Male screw, 7 ... Stopper member, 7A ... Inner peripheral surface, 7B ... Expanded inner diameter portion, 7b ... Bottom surface portion, 8 ... Steel ball, 11 ... Mounting member, 11A ... Top plate, 11B ... side wall, 11C ... bottom plate, 11a ... mounting port, 12 ... hydraulic jack, 12A ... intake, 12B ... ram, 13 ... pressure receiving plate, 14 ... load cell, 15 ... fixing member, 16A ... top plate, 16B ... Lower plate, 17 ... Accelerometer, 18 ... Non-contact displacement meter, 19 ... Reaction force material, 21 ... Head flange member, 22 ... Bottom flange member, 23 ... Shock cushioning material, 51 ... Frame part, 51A ... Input Hole, 52 ... pedestal, 52A ... pedestal plate, 52 ... through hole, 52C ... rising wall, 52D ... bottom plate, 52 d ... opening, A ... anchor tendons, AH ... anchor head, AT ... anchor body.

Claims

A hollow anchor support member into which the anchor head of the ground anchor can be inserted, a pressing member attached to the anchor support member, an elastic body that pushes the pressing member upward, and an elastic force of the elastic body A ground anchor rapid loading test device comprising a reaction force receiving device, which is a reaction force receiving device,
The reaction force receiving device is formed at a lower end of the frame portion that houses the elastic body and the anchor support member to which the pressing member is attached, and supports the elastic body and the anchor support A pedestal portion having a pedestal plate in which a through hole into which a member can be loosely inserted is formed,
The frame portion is formed with an insertion hole for introducing a steel ball at a position facing the pressing member in a state where the elastic body is compressed,
The steel ball is thrown into the throw-in hole, and the steel ball locks the pressing member, thereby providing a temporarily fixed state in which a compressed state is maintained,
When the steel ball is detached, the temporarily fixed state is released.
A rapid loading test apparatus for ground anchors.

A side surface of the pressing member adjacent to the inner periphery of the frame portion is formed with a reduced outer diameter portion for loosely fitting a portion of the steel ball, and a portion of the steel ball is loosely fitted to the reduced outer diameter portion. The rapid loading test apparatus for ground anchors according to claim 1 , wherein the ground anchor is in a temporarily fixed state.

An annular stopper member is attached to the outer periphery of the frame portion so as to be movable up and down,
The reduced outer diameter portion is formed with a lower inclined surface that is inclined downward toward the inner periphery of the frame portion,
The steel ball pushed up in the outer peripheral direction of the frame portion by the lower inclined surface is configured to be in a temporarily fixed state by covering the inner peripheral surface of the stopper member,
An expanded inner diameter portion is formed on the inner circumference of the stopper member,
The rapid loading test device for a ground anchor according to claim 2 , wherein the steel ball is accommodated in the enlarged inner diameter portion by pushing down the stopper member, and the temporarily fixed state is released.

The ground anchor rapid loading test apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the elastic body is a laminated disc spring.