JP4491810B2 - Manufacturing method of shafted member - Google Patents

Manufacturing method of shafted member Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4491810B2
JP4491810B2 JP2000353451A JP2000353451A JP4491810B2 JP 4491810 B2 JP4491810 B2 JP 4491810B2 JP 2000353451 A JP2000353451 A JP 2000353451A JP 2000353451 A JP2000353451 A JP 2000353451A JP 4491810 B2 JP4491810 B2 JP 4491810B2
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
shaft portion
collar
hole
cold forming
center
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JP2000353451A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2002153938A (en
Inventor
修一 牛嶋
勇 東
功 中村
栄一郎 坂本
成彦 白石
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Honda Motor Co Ltd
Gohsyu Corp
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Honda Motor Co Ltd
Gohsyu Corp
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Priority to JP2000353451A priority Critical patent/JP4491810B2/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21KMAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00Making machine elements
    • B21K1/06Making machine elements axles or shafts
    • B21K1/08Making machine elements axles or shafts crankshafts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21JFORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/02Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、クランクシャフトのような軸付部材の製造方法に係り、特に軸部やつば状部に正確な穴を形成できるようにしたものに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
まず熱間成形により、つば状部とこれに直交する方向へ延出する軸部とを一体に有する軸付部材の素形を成形し、続いて冷間成形により軸部をサイジングすることは公知である(一例として、特開平10−99937号参照)。図13はクランクシャフトの片側半分の成形に関する従来の一例を示し、このクランクシャフトの素形100を、軸部101とつば状部102とを一体して熱間成形により成形し、その後、つば状部102を貫通するピン穴103をドリル104で穿孔する。
【0003】
このとき軸部101も太径基部105の一部がピン穴103を形成する前の状態におけるピン穴103が形成される場所の延長上へ突出しているので、この重合部分106も一緒に削り取る。また軸部101の周囲を旋盤107で切削し、さらにつば状部102及び軸部101の端面の各中心にセンター穴108をマシニングセンター109で形成するようになっている。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところで、上記従来例のように、ピン穴103を形成する場合、つば状部102を貫通したドリル104が重合部分106を切削し始めると、ドリル104の一部のみが重合部分106へ接触するだけのため、次第にドリル104が外方へ逃げ、太径基部105の切削面105aは正確に形成されずピン穴103の延長上へ部分的に張り出すように曲がることになる。その結果、切削面105aを含むピン穴103は実質的に曲がる(以下、これを倒れという)ことになり、加工不良となる。また、このようなドリル加工には多くの加工時間を要し、加工サイクルを長くする。
【0005】
さらに、軸部101の旋盤加工にも多くの加工時間を要する。また、旋盤加工に代えて冷間成形でサイジングすることも考えられるが、この場合には、つば状部102を下型に形成された固定用凹部へ嵌合固定し、上型により抜き加工することにより軸部101をサイジングするが、このときセンターがずれることがあるので、このズレを考慮した取り代を十分に設けてサイジングしなければならず、その結果、さらに後加工で厚い取り代分を切削する必要があるから、この場合も加工時間が多くなり、そのうえ材料の無駄も多くなる。そこで本願発明はこのような課題の解決を目的とする。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するため軸付部材の製造方法に係る請求項1に係る発明は、つば状部とこれに直交する方向へ延出する軸部とを一体化した軸付部材の軸部を冷間成形によりサイジングする方法において、前記つば状部を下型の固定用凹部内へ遊嵌し、上型により前記軸部をサイジングすることを特徴とする。
【0009】
請求項に係る発明は上記請求項において、前記軸部のサイジング時に、前記つば状部と前記軸部先端面の各中心へそれぞれポンチによりセンター穴を形成することを特徴とする。
【0013】
【発明の効果】
請求項1の発明によれば、冷間成形における抜き加工に際してつば状部を下型の固定用凹部内へ遊嵌するので、上型により軸部を抜き加工でサイジングすると同時に、軸部は上型の抜き加工穴へ入り込んで成形されることにより心出しされる。しかもこのときつば状部は下型の固定用凹部内へ遊嵌されているので、上型による軸部の心出しにつれて固定用凹部内を自由に心出しのために移動できるため、軸部の心出しが決まれば、つば状部も同時に心出しされるようになり、心出し作業が極めて簡単になる。
【0014】
請求項の発明によれば、上記請求項においてつば状部と軸部がそれぞれ心出しされているので、つば状部の中心と軸部の先端面中心へポンチにより正確にセンター穴を形成でき、しかも効率的に形成できる。
【0015】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、図面に基いてクランクシャフトの片側を成形する一実施例を説明する。図1は本実施例における成形工程を断面で示し、図2は熱間成形時におけるワークの断面を示し、図3は冷間成形時におけるワークの断面を示し、図4は熱間成形装置全体の断面図、図5は加圧部の平面図、図6は図5の6−6線断面図、図7はストリッパの平面図、図8は図7の8−8線断面図、図9は上型の平面図、図10は図9の10−10線断面図、図11は熱間成形装置の成形部平面図、図12は冷間成形装置全体の断面図である。なお、本願において上下左右の各方向は対応各図の図示状態を基準にするものとする。
【0016】
まず図1において、棒状鋼等からなる素材1を所定寸法に切断して熱間成形の適温に加熱する第1工程Aと、これを絞って軸部2を主体とする第1の素形3に粗成形する第2工程Bと、第1の素形3の未成形部4を加圧してつば状部5をつば出し成形して第2の素形6を成形する第3工程Cと、第2の素形6におけるつば状部5に対してクランクシャフトのクランクピンを圧入するためのピン穴7を打ち抜く第4工程Dと、続いてつば状部5の周囲に形成されているバリ8をバリ取りして第3の素形9とする第5工程Eと、その後、第3の素形9に対して軸部2をサイジングするとともに、センター穴10及び11を形成して製品を得る第6工程Fを有する。
【0017】
このうち、第2工程から第5工程は熱間成形で行われ、第2工程Bにおける軸部2は製品に対して第6工程におけるサイジングで切除する部分に相当する若干の取り代分だけ太く形成される。この取り代は例えば、0.2mmであり、前記従来例の場合の約1/6程度になっている。
【0018】
また、第3〜5工程は同一成形装置内で行われる。第3工程ではつば状部5を軸部2を中心にしてその軸直交方向へ円形に広がるようにつば出しされ、第4及び第5工程ではそれぞれパンチングされる。第6工程は冷間成形であり、軸部2のサイジングは抜き加工により行われ、センター穴10、11は同一成形装置において形成され、各センター穴10,11の心出しは後述する上型により行われる。
【0019】
図2はこの熱間成形の第4工程を原理的に説明するものであり、図示しない下型に支持された第2の素形6が加圧板12で押さえられ、かつ押さえバネ13を介して例えば3トン程度の押圧力を均一化して加圧することによりパンチング時に横ズレしないよう強固に固定される。
【0020】
この状態でつば状部5をパンチ14で打ち抜くことによりピン穴7を貫通形成する。このとき軸部2のつば状部5に連続する基部は太径基部15をなし、その一部はピン穴7を形成する前段階で、想定されるピン穴7の延長上と重なるように張り出し、パンチ14により打ち抜き屑16の一部となって除去される。
【0021】
図4は熱間成形用成形装置の第4工程実行部分を示し、この成形装置20は、基台21上に支持された、第4工程の下型22、その上に支持された第2の素形6を上方から押さえる加圧板12、さらにこの上方に昇降自在の穴開け用上型23、この穴開け用上型23を昇降させる加圧部24を備える。
【0022】
押さえバネ13は大小のコイルスプリング13a及び13bから構成され、それぞれは一端を穴開け用上型23と一緒に加圧部24へ当接されるとともに、穴開け用上型23に貫通形成されたスプリング穴25a、25bへ挿入されて他端を加圧板12の上面へ当接されている。
【0023】
パンチ14は上端部を加圧部24へ取付けられて加圧部24と一体に上下動し、加圧部24及び加圧板12へ貫通形成されたパンチガイド穴26,27内を上下動する。パンチ14の頭部にはコア24aがパンチガイド穴26へ挿入され、加圧部24によるパンチング時に加圧部24の打撃荷重をパンチ14へ伝達するとともに、被成形部材(ワーク)の種類に応じて高さ調節可能になっている。
【0024】
図示状態はパンチ14が下死点にあり、第4工程の下型22の排除縦穴28の上端部近傍へ達し、排除縦穴28の下端部は基台21に形成された排除横穴29と連通し、打ち抜き屑16を排除する。このとき排除横穴29は外部へ通じる一端側が低くなるように傾斜するため、スムーズに排除できる。
【0025】
符号30は加圧板12から突出するガイドであり、円形をなす加圧板12の周方向へ所定間隔で複数設けられ、その突出端側は、第4工程の下型22に形成されたガイド穴31内へ嵌合され、第4工程の下型22に対する位置決めを行っている。32は加圧板12と穴開け用上型23の両外周部を摺動自在に嵌合する円筒状ガイドである。また33は穴開け用上型23に設けられる軸部2の収容穴であり、34は加圧板12に設けられる同様の収容穴である。さらに35はつば状部5に対する押圧部、36は、第4工程の下型22に設けられたつば状部5を嵌合する固定用凹部である。
【0026】
図5〜図10はこの熱間成形用成形装置における構成各部を詳細に示す図であり、図5及び図6に示す下型22は、円形をなしてその外周側に複数(本実施例では3個)のガイド穴31が設けられ、これらガイド穴31の形成部より中央側に円形の固定用凹部36が形成されている。この固定用凹部36はつば状部5を密に嵌合できるよう高い寸法精度で円形に形成される。また、その底部には排除穴28及びつば状部5の表面形状に対応する凹凸部37が形成され、この凹凸部37によりつば状部5の周方向が位置決めされる。
【0027】
図7及び図8に示す加圧板12は、その外周側に複数のガイド30が設けられ、これらガイド30の取付位置より中央側に軸部2の収容穴34が形成され、さらにその近傍にパンチガイド穴27が形成されている。
【0028】
図9及び図10に示す穴開け用上型23は円形をなし、その周方向に大径のスプリング穴25aと小径のコイルスプリング25bがそれぞれ等間隔で複数(本実施例では各3個)づつ交互に設けられ、これらは中央側に設けられた軸部2の収容穴33とその近傍のパンチガイド穴26を囲み、これらのスプリング穴25a及び25bの合計開口面積が可及的に大きくなるように設定されている。このようにすることにより、加圧板12に対して均一に加圧力するようになっている。
【0029】
図11は、熱間成形における基台21を上方から概略的に示す図であり、共通の基台21上に、第3工程の下型38、第4工程の下型22及び第5工程の下型39が並べて配置され、同一の成形装置で同時に3工程を実行できる。したがって、加圧部24により一回加圧する毎に、第3工程の下型38で成形された第2の素形6を取り出して隣接する第4工程の下型22へ移し、第4工程の下型22から取り出した第2の素形6を隣接する第5工程の下型39へ移し、第5工程の下型39で成形された第2の素形6を取り出して次の冷間成形(第6工程)へ移す。また、第3工程の下型38には第1の素形3をセットし、これらに対して加圧部24を下降させて同時に熱間成形を行い、これを反復することにより効率よく成形できるようになっている。
【0030】
図3は冷間成形である第6工程を原理的に説明するものであり、冷間成形用下型40に形成された固定用凹部41につば状部5を遊嵌し、上方より冷間成形用上型42を下降させ、軸部2に対応する形状に形成された抜き加工穴43により軸部2を絞ってサイジングする。このとき冷間成形用上型42に取付けられている上ポンチ46により軸部2の先端面中心にセンター穴10を同時に形成する。また、つば状部5の中心にも下方から上昇する下ポンチ47によりセンター穴11を形成する。上ポンチ46と下ポンチ47は軸部2及びつば状部5の中心となる中心線上に配置される。符号44はストリッパ、45はストリッパガイドである。
【0031】
図12は冷間成形装置全体を示し、冷間成形用下型40は基台48上に支持され、基台48の中心部を貫通して下ポンチ47を一端に設けた伸縮アーム49が設けられ、図示しない油圧シリンダ等により図の上下方向へ移動される。なお、上ポンチ46は冷間成形用上型42と一体化されており冷間成形用上型42とともに昇降するのに対して、下ポンチ47は、冷間成形用上型42及び上ポンチ46による成形後、冷間成形用下型40の下方より伸縮アーム49で上方へ突出するようになっている。
【0032】
冷間成形用上型42及びストリッパガイド45の上には加圧板50、中間板51,52及び加圧部53をこの順に重ねてある。加圧部53にはガイドピン54の頭部が当接し、その軸部は下方へ長く延出して、ストリッパガイド45、加圧板50、中間板51及び52のそれぞれに貫通形成されたガイド穴55〜58を貫通し、下端でストリッパ44と一体化されている。
【0033】
ガイドピン54の上半部側周囲には、ガイド穴57及び58に収容されたコイルスプリング59が設けられ、その一端はガイドピン54の頭部へ当接し、他端は加圧板50の上面へ当接されている。ガイドピン54は図示省略の機構により拘束されて移動を阻止され、冷間成形用上型42等の昇降と連動せずにこれらの上昇時にそのまま残り、ストリッパ44がつば状部5を押さえた状態を維持できる。この状態ではコイルスプリング59が圧縮されるため、その後、前記機構によりガイドピン54が解放されるとストリッパ44と共に上動するようになっている。
【0034】
ストリッパ44は冷間成形時に冷間成形用上型42と一緒に下降してつば状部5に当接する。このときストリッパ44の内側上面はテーパー面をなし、冷間成形用上型42の下端外周部に形成されたテーパー面が当接することによりつば状部5の周縁部を押さえつける。冷間成形用上型42のサイジングが終了すると、ストリッパ44を残して冷間成形用上型42のみが上昇し、その後ストリッパ44が上昇して第3の素形9を取り出し可能になる。
【0035】
加圧板50とストリッパガイド45に連続するように形成された穴60及び61内にはショルダーボルトからなるガイドピン62が挿入され、そのネジ部側はストリッパ44を貫通してナット63によりストリッパ44へ固定されている。ガイドピン62の周囲にはコイルスプリング64が収容され、その一端はガイドピン62の頭部へ当接され、他端は穴61内へ突出するストリッパガイド45の凸部65へ当接されている。
【0036】
したがって、ストリッパ44を残して冷間成形用上型42と一緒にストリッパガイド45が上昇すると、コイルスプリング64が圧縮され、その後ストリッパ44が上動可能になるとこれを上動させる力を与えるとともに、ストリッパ44の上下動における倒れを防止する。
【0037】
固定用凹部41はつば状部5を収容する円形の凹部であるが、つば状部5を遊嵌できるよう、つば状部5よりも若干大径に形成され、直径方向で寸法dなる隙間を形成する。この隙間dの大きさは、冷間成形用上型42側のストリッパガイド45と冷間成形用上型42とのはめ合い間隙よりも大きくなるように設定され、例えば、上記はめ合い間隙が0.03mm程度のときdが1mm程度等、10〜50倍程度、より好ましくは30倍程度の相違になるように設定する。
【0038】
次に、本実施例の作用を説明する。まず熱間成形の第4工程でパンチングによりピン穴7を形成するので、比較的厚肉のつば状部5に対しても簡単に穴開けでき、ピン穴7の形成を著しく効率化できる。しかも、このピン穴7は太径基部15を部分的に削除するものであるから、従来のようにドリル加工の場合は、この太径基部15を加工するときドリルの逃げによりピン穴7の曲がりが生じ易くなる。
【0039】
一方、単純にパンチングしたのでは横ズレによりやはり曲がり易くなってしまうところ、穴開け用上型23及びコイルスプリング13a、13bからなる加圧固定手段でつば状部5を強固に固定するため、パンチング時に横ズレせず正確にピン穴7を形成できる。そのうえ、大径のコイルスプリング13aと小径のコイルスプリング13bを組み合わせたので、つば状部5全体を均一化した押圧力で固定でき、横ズレの発生をより一層生じにくくさせることができる。
【0040】
冷間成形においては、冷間成形用上型42による抜き加工に際してつば状部5を固定用凹部41へ遊嵌するので、冷間成形用上型42により軸部2を抜き加工でサイジングすると同時に、軸部2は冷間成形用上型42の抜き加工穴43により心出しされる。
【0041】
しかもこのときつば状部5は、ストリッパガイド45と冷間成形用上型42とのはめ合い間隙よりも大きな隙間dで固定用凹部41内へ遊嵌されているので、冷間成形用上型42による軸部2の心出しにつれて固定用凹部41を自由に移動できるため、軸部2の心出しが決まれば、つば状部5も同時に心出しされるようになり、心出し作業が極めて簡単になり、かつ上ポンチ46及び下ポンチ47で正確な位置へセンター穴10,11を形成できる。
【0042】
さらに、冷間成形の抜き加工によるため、サイジングを極めて短時間で済ませることができ、寸法精度を高くできる。また、加工面を緻密に仕上げることができ、その後の仕上げ作業を軽減できる。
【0043】
そのうえ、ピン穴7を熱間成形で高精度に形成できるので、軸部2側へ設定される修正用の取り代を少なくでき、その分だけ材料の無駄を少なくできるようになり、ピン穴7の加工を含む熱間成形と冷間成形を組み合わせることにより、無駄の少ない効率的な成形が可能になる。
【0044】
なお、本願発明は上記実施例に限定されず、例えば、成形対象はクランクシャフトのみならず、軸部とつば状部を備え、かつ穴開けするとき一部を切除する太径基部を軸部に有するものであれば適用できる。また、つば状部に設ける貫通穴はピン穴に限らず、成形される製品におけるそれぞれの用途にしたがうものとすることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 実施例に係る軸付部材の製造方法における各工程を示す図
【図2】 熱間成形時におけるワークの断面を示す図
【図3】 冷間成形時におけるワークの断面を示す図
【図4】 熱間成形装置全体の断面図
【図5】 加圧板の平面図
【図6】 図5の6−6線断面図
【図7】 ストリッパの平面図
【図8】 図7の8−8線断面図
【図9】 上型の平面図
【図10】図9の10−10線断面図
【図11】熱間成形装置の成形部概略平面図
【図12】冷間成形装置全体の断面図
【図13】従来例の製造方法を説明する図
【符号の説明】
2:軸部、5:つば状部、7:ピン穴、10:センター穴、11:センター穴、12:加圧板、13:バネ、14:パンチ、22:第4工程の下型、23:穴開け用上型、40:冷間成形用下型、41:固定用凹部、42:冷間成形用上型
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a shaft-equipped member such as a crankshaft, and more particularly, to a method in which an accurate hole can be formed in a shaft portion or a collar portion.
[0002]
[Prior art]
It is publicly known to form a shaft-shaped member integrally having a collar portion and a shaft portion extending in a direction perpendicular to the collar portion by hot forming, and then sizing the shaft portion by cold forming. (For example, see JP-A-10-99937). FIG. 13 shows a conventional example of forming one half of the crankshaft. The crankshaft base 100 is formed by hot forming the shaft portion 101 and the collar portion 102 together, and then the collar shape. A pin hole 103 penetrating the portion 102 is drilled with a drill 104.
[0003]
At this time, since part of the large-diameter base 105 also protrudes on the extension of the place where the pin hole 103 is formed in the state before the pin hole 103 is formed, the overlapping portion 106 is also scraped off together. Further, the periphery of the shaft portion 101 is cut by a lathe 107, and further, a center hole 108 is formed by a machining center 109 at each center of the collar portion 102 and the end surface of the shaft portion 101.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, when the pin hole 103 is formed as in the conventional example, when the drill 104 penetrating the collar portion 102 starts to cut the overlapped portion 106, only a part of the drill 104 contacts the overlapped portion 106. Therefore, the drill 104 gradually escapes outward, and the cutting surface 105a of the large-diameter base portion 105 is not formed accurately, but is bent so as to partially overhang the extension of the pin hole 103. As a result, the pin hole 103 including the cutting surface 105a is substantially bent (hereinafter referred to as “falling”), resulting in processing failure. Also, such drilling requires a lot of processing time and lengthens the processing cycle.
[0005]
Furthermore, a lot of machining time is required for lathe machining of the shaft portion 101. In addition, it is conceivable to perform sizing by cold forming instead of lathe processing. In this case, the collar portion 102 is fitted and fixed to a fixing recess formed in the lower die, and is punched by the upper die. The shaft portion 101 is sized by this, but the center may be displaced at this time. Therefore, a sufficient machining allowance should be provided in consideration of this deviation. In this case, the processing time is increased and the waste of material is also increased. Therefore, the present invention aims to solve such problems.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention according to claim 1 relating to the method for manufacturing a shaft-equipped member is characterized in that the shaft portion of the shaft-equipped member in which the collar portion and the shaft portion extending in the direction orthogonal thereto are integrated is cooled. In the method of sizing by inter-molding, the collar portion is loosely fitted into a fixing recess of a lower die, and the shaft portion is sized by an upper die.
[0009]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, when the shaft portion is sized, a center hole is formed by a punch at each center of the collar portion and the tip end surface of the shaft portion.
[0013]
【The invention's effect】
According to the first aspect of the present invention, since the collar portion is loosely fitted into the fixing recess of the lower die during the punching process in the cold forming, the shaft portion is sized by the upper die and the shaft portion is It is centered by entering into the punching hole of the mold and molding. In addition, since the collar portion is loosely fitted into the fixing recess of the lower mold at this time, it can move freely in the fixing recess as the shaft is centered by the upper mold. When centering is determined, the collar portion is also centered at the same time, and the centering operation becomes extremely simple.
[0014]
According to the invention of claim 2, since the flange portion and the shaft portion in the first aspect are centered respectively, form a precise center hole by punch toward the front end face center of a shaft portion of the flange portion Can be formed efficiently.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment in which one side of a crankshaft is molded will be described with reference to the drawings. 1 shows a cross section of the forming process in this embodiment, FIG. 2 shows a cross section of the work during hot forming, FIG. 3 shows a cross section of the work during cold forming, and FIG. 4 shows the entire hot forming apparatus. 5 is a plan view of the pressurizing portion, FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 6-6 of FIG. 5, FIG. 7 is a plan view of the stripper, FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 8-8 of FIG. Is a plan view of the upper mold, FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 10-10 of FIG. 9, FIG. 11 is a plan view of a forming part of the hot forming apparatus, and FIG. In the present application, the vertical and horizontal directions are based on the illustrated states of the corresponding drawings.
[0016]
First, in FIG. 1, a first process A in which a material 1 made of a rod-shaped steel or the like is cut to a predetermined size and heated to an appropriate temperature for hot forming, and a first shape 3 mainly composed of a shaft portion 2 is narrowed down. A second step B for roughly forming, and a third step C for pressing the unmolded portion 4 of the first shape 3 to form the second shape 6 by forming the collar-shaped portion 5 by extrusion. A fourth step D for punching out a pin hole 7 for press-fitting a crank pin of the crankshaft into the collar 5 in the second shape 6, and subsequently a burr 8 formed around the collar 5. The fifth step E for deburring the third shape 9 and then sizing the shaft portion 2 with respect to the third shape 9 and forming the center holes 10 and 11 to obtain a product. It has the 6th process F.
[0017]
Among these, the second to fifth steps are performed by hot forming, and the shaft portion 2 in the second step B is thicker by a slight allowance corresponding to the part cut by sizing in the sixth step for the product. It is formed. The machining allowance is, for example, 0.2 mm, which is about 1/6 of the conventional example.
[0018]
Further, the third to fifth steps are performed in the same molding apparatus. In the third step, the collar portion 5 is spun out so as to spread in a circle in the direction perpendicular to the axis centering on the shaft portion 2, and punched in the fourth and fifth steps, respectively. The sixth step is cold forming, the sizing of the shaft portion 2 is performed by punching, the center holes 10 and 11 are formed in the same forming apparatus, and the center holes 10 and 11 are centered by an upper die described later. Done.
[0019]
FIG. 2 illustrates the fourth step of the hot forming in principle. The second base 6 supported by a lower mold (not shown) is pressed by the pressing plate 12 and is pressed via the pressing spring 13. For example, the pressing force of about 3 tons is made uniform and pressed to be firmly fixed so as not to be laterally displaced during punching.
[0020]
In this state, the pin-shaped hole 7 is formed by punching the collar-shaped part 5 with the punch 14. At this time, the base portion continuous to the flange portion 5 of the shaft portion 2 forms a large-diameter base portion 15, and a part of the base portion projects before the formation of the pin hole 7 so as to overlap the expected extension of the pin hole 7. The punch 14 removes it as a part of the punching waste 16.
[0021]
FIG. 4 shows a fourth process execution part of the hot forming apparatus. This forming apparatus 20 is supported on a base 21 and has a lower die 22 in a fourth process, and a second mold supported on the lower mold 22. A pressurizing plate 12 that presses the base 6 from above, an upper die 23 that can be moved up and down, and a pressurizing unit 24 that moves the upper die 23 up and down are provided.
[0022]
The holding spring 13 is composed of large and small coil springs 13 a and 13 b, each of which is in contact with the pressurizing portion 24 together with the upper die 23 for punching and is formed through the upper die 23 for punching. The other end is brought into contact with the upper surface of the pressure plate 12 by being inserted into the spring holes 25a and 25b.
[0023]
The upper end of the punch 14 is attached to the pressure unit 24 and moves up and down integrally with the pressure unit 24, and moves up and down in the punch guide holes 26 and 27 formed through the pressure unit 24 and the pressure plate 12. A core 24 a is inserted into the punch guide hole 26 at the head of the punch 14, and the striking load of the pressurizing unit 24 is transmitted to the punch 14 during punching by the pressurizing unit 24, and according to the type of workpiece (workpiece). The height can be adjusted.
[0024]
In the illustrated state, the punch 14 is at the bottom dead center and reaches the vicinity of the upper end portion of the exclusion vertical hole 28 of the lower die 22 in the fourth step, and the lower end portion of the exclusion vertical hole 28 communicates with the exclusion horizontal hole 29 formed in the base 21. The punching waste 16 is eliminated. At this time, since the exclusion lateral hole 29 is inclined so that one end side leading to the outside is lowered, it can be eliminated smoothly.
[0025]
Reference numeral 30 denotes a guide protruding from the pressure plate 12, and a plurality of guides 30 are provided at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction of the circular pressure plate 12, and the protruding end side is a guide hole 31 formed in the lower mold 22 of the fourth step. It is fitted in and positioned with respect to the lower die 22 in the fourth step. Reference numeral 32 denotes a cylindrical guide that slidably fits both outer peripheral portions of the pressure plate 12 and the upper die 23 for punching. Reference numeral 33 denotes a housing hole of the shaft portion 2 provided in the upper die 23 for punching, and 34 denotes a similar housing hole provided in the pressure plate 12. Further, 35 is a pressing portion for the flange-shaped portion 5, and 36 is a fixing recess for fitting the flange-shaped portion 5 provided in the lower mold 22 of the fourth step.
[0026]
5 to 10 are diagrams showing in detail the components of the hot forming apparatus. The lower die 22 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 is circular and has a plurality of outer peripheral sides (in this embodiment, 3) guide holes 31 are provided, and a circular fixing recess 36 is formed on the center side of the guide hole 31 forming portion. The fixing recess 36 is formed in a circular shape with high dimensional accuracy so that the collar portion 5 can be closely fitted. Further, an uneven portion 37 corresponding to the surface shape of the exclusion hole 28 and the collar portion 5 is formed on the bottom portion, and the circumferential direction of the collar portion 5 is positioned by the uneven portion 37.
[0027]
The pressure plate 12 shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 is provided with a plurality of guides 30 on the outer peripheral side thereof, a housing hole 34 of the shaft portion 2 is formed in the center side from the mounting position of these guides 30, and a punch in the vicinity thereof. A guide hole 27 is formed.
[0028]
9 and 10 is circular, and a plurality of large-diameter spring holes 25a and small-diameter coil springs 25b are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction (three each in this embodiment). These are provided alternately, and these surround the housing hole 33 of the shaft portion 2 provided on the center side and the punch guide hole 26 in the vicinity thereof, so that the total opening area of these spring holes 25a and 25b is as large as possible. Is set to By doing so, the pressure plate 12 is uniformly pressurized.
[0029]
FIG. 11 is a diagram schematically showing the base 21 in the hot forming from above. On the common base 21, the lower mold 38 in the third process, the lower mold 22 in the fourth process, and the fifth process The lower mold 39 is arranged side by side, and three processes can be executed simultaneously with the same molding apparatus. Therefore, each time the pressure is applied by the pressurizing unit 24, the second base 6 formed by the lower die 38 in the third step is taken out and transferred to the lower die 22 in the adjacent fourth step. The second base 6 taken out from the lower die 22 is transferred to the lower die 39 adjacent to the fifth step, and the second die 6 formed by the lower die 39 in the fifth step is taken out and the next cold forming is performed. Move to (sixth step). In addition, the first die 3 is set in the lower die 38 in the third step, the pressurization unit 24 is lowered with respect to these, and hot forming is performed at the same time, and this can be repeated for efficient molding. It is like that.
[0030]
FIG. 3 illustrates the sixth step, which is cold forming, in principle. The collar portion 5 is loosely fitted in the fixing recess 41 formed in the cold forming lower die 40, and the cold is formed from above. The molding upper die 42 is lowered, and the shaft portion 2 is squeezed and sized by a punching hole 43 formed in a shape corresponding to the shaft portion 2. At this time, the center hole 10 is simultaneously formed at the center of the front end surface of the shaft portion 2 by the upper punch 46 attached to the upper die 42 for cold forming. The center hole 11 is also formed at the center of the collar 5 by a lower punch 47 that rises from below. The upper punch 46 and the lower punch 47 are disposed on the center line that is the center of the shaft portion 2 and the collar portion 5. Reference numeral 44 is a stripper, and 45 is a stripper guide.
[0031]
FIG. 12 shows the entire cold forming apparatus. The cold forming lower die 40 is supported on a base 48, and an extendable arm 49 is provided which penetrates the center of the base 48 and has a lower punch 47 at one end. It is moved up and down in the figure by a hydraulic cylinder (not shown). The upper punch 46 is integrated with the cold forming upper die 42 and moves up and down together with the cold forming upper die 42, while the lower punch 47 has the cold forming upper die 42 and the upper punch 46. After forming by the above method, the telescopic arm 49 projects upward from below the cold mold lower mold 40.
[0032]
On the cold forming upper mold 42 and the stripper guide 45, a pressure plate 50, intermediate plates 51 and 52, and a pressure portion 53 are stacked in this order. The head portion of the guide pin 54 abuts on the pressurizing portion 53, and its shaft portion extends long downward, and the guide hole 55 is formed through each of the stripper guide 45, the pressurizing plate 50, and the intermediate plates 51 and 52. Through 58 and integrated with the stripper 44 at the lower end.
[0033]
A coil spring 59 accommodated in guide holes 57 and 58 is provided around the upper half of the guide pin 54, one end of which abuts against the head of the guide pin 54 and the other end to the upper surface of the pressure plate 50. It is in contact. The guide pin 54 is restrained by a mechanism (not shown) to be prevented from moving, and remains unmoved when the upper die 42 for cold forming is moved up and down, and the stripper 44 presses the collar portion 5. Can be maintained. In this state, the coil spring 59 is compressed, and thereafter, when the guide pin 54 is released by the mechanism, it moves upward together with the stripper 44.
[0034]
The stripper 44 descends together with the cold forming upper die 42 at the time of cold forming and comes into contact with the collar portion 5. At this time, the inner upper surface of the stripper 44 has a tapered surface, and the tapered surface formed on the outer peripheral portion of the lower end of the cold forming upper die 42 is brought into contact with the peripheral portion of the collar 5. When the sizing of the cold forming upper die 42 is finished, only the upper cold forming die 42 is lifted, leaving the stripper 44, and then the stripper 44 is raised so that the third shape 9 can be taken out.
[0035]
A guide pin 62 made of a shoulder bolt is inserted into the holes 60 and 61 formed so as to be continuous with the pressure plate 50 and the stripper guide 45, and the screw part side passes through the stripper 44 and goes to the stripper 44 by the nut 63. It is fixed. A coil spring 64 is accommodated around the guide pin 62, one end of which is in contact with the head of the guide pin 62, and the other end is in contact with the convex portion 65 of the stripper guide 45 protruding into the hole 61. .
[0036]
Therefore, when the stripper guide 45 rises together with the cold forming upper die 42 while leaving the stripper 44, the coil spring 64 is compressed, and when the stripper 44 is allowed to move up thereafter, a force is given to move it upward, This prevents the stripper 44 from falling when the stripper 44 moves up and down.
[0037]
The fixing concave portion 41 is a circular concave portion that accommodates the collar-shaped portion 5, but is formed to have a slightly larger diameter than the collar-shaped portion 5 so that the collar-shaped portion 5 can be loosely fitted, and a gap having a dimension d in the diameter direction is formed. Form. The size of the gap d is set to be larger than the fitting gap between the stripper guide 45 on the cold forming upper mold 42 side and the cold forming upper mold 42. For example, the fitting gap is 0. When it is about 0.03 mm, d is set to be about 10 mm to 50 times, more preferably about 30 times, such as about 1 mm.
[0038]
Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described. First, since the pin hole 7 is formed by punching in the fourth step of hot forming, the relatively thick-walled collar portion 5 can be easily drilled, and the formation of the pin hole 7 can be remarkably improved. In addition, since the pin hole 7 is for partially removing the large diameter base portion 15, in the case of drilling as in the prior art, when the large diameter base portion 15 is processed, the bending of the pin hole 7 due to the relief of the drill. Is likely to occur.
[0039]
On the other hand, if it is simply punched, it will still be easy to bend due to lateral misalignment. However, since the collar portion 5 is firmly fixed by the pressure fixing means comprising the upper die 23 for drilling and the coil springs 13a, 13b, Sometimes the pin hole 7 can be formed accurately without lateral displacement. In addition, since the large-diameter coil spring 13a and the small-diameter coil spring 13b are combined, the collar portion 5 as a whole can be fixed with a uniform pressing force, and the occurrence of lateral misalignment can be further prevented.
[0040]
In the cold forming, the collar portion 5 is loosely fitted into the fixing concave portion 41 during the punching process by the cold forming upper die 42, and at the same time, the shaft portion 2 is sized by the punching process by the cold forming upper die 42. The shaft portion 2 is centered by the punching hole 43 of the upper die 42 for cold forming.
[0041]
In addition, at this time, since the collar portion 5 is loosely fitted into the fixing recess 41 with a gap d larger than the fitting gap between the stripper guide 45 and the cold forming upper die 42, the cold forming upper die Since the fixing concave portion 41 can be freely moved as the shaft portion 2 is centered by 42, if the center portion of the shaft portion 2 is determined, the collar portion 5 can also be centered at the same time, and the centering operation is extremely easy. The center holes 10 and 11 can be formed at the correct positions by the upper punch 46 and the lower punch 47.
[0042]
Furthermore, because of the cold forming punching process, sizing can be completed in an extremely short time, and the dimensional accuracy can be increased. In addition, the machined surface can be precisely finished, and subsequent finishing work can be reduced.
[0043]
In addition, since the pin hole 7 can be formed with high precision by hot forming, the machining allowance set for the shaft portion 2 can be reduced, and material waste can be reduced accordingly. By combining hot forming including cold processing and cold forming, efficient forming with little waste is possible.
[0044]
The invention of the present application is not limited to the above-described embodiment. For example, the object to be molded includes not only a crankshaft but also a shaft portion and a collar-like portion, and a large-diameter base portion that is partially cut away when drilling is used as a shaft portion Applicable if it has. Moreover, the through-hole provided in a collar-shaped part is not restricted to a pin hole, It can be according to each use in the product shape | molded.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing each step in a method of manufacturing a shaft-mounted member according to an embodiment. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a cross section of a workpiece during hot forming. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a cross section of the workpiece during cold forming. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the entire hot forming apparatus. FIG. 5 is a plan view of the pressure plate. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 6-6 in FIG. 5. FIG. 7 is a plan view of the stripper. Sectional view taken along line -8 [Fig. 9] Plan view of the upper mold [Fig. 10] Sectional view taken along line 10-10 of Fig. 9 [Fig. 11] Schematic plan view of the forming part of the hot forming apparatus [Fig. FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining a conventional manufacturing method.
2: shaft part, 5: collar part, 7: pin hole, 10: center hole, 11: center hole, 12: pressure plate, 13: spring, 14: punch, 22: lower mold of the fourth step, 23: Upper die for drilling, 40: Lower die for cold forming, 41: Recess for fixing, 42: Upper die for cold forming

Claims (2)

つば状部とこれに直交する方向へ延出する軸部とを一体化した軸付部材の軸部を冷間成形によりサイジングする方法において、前記つば状部を下型の固定用凹部内へ遊嵌し、上型により前記軸部をサイジングすることを特徴とする軸付部材の製造方法。In the method of sizing the shaft portion of the shaft-attached member in which the collar portion and the shaft portion extending in a direction perpendicular to the collar portion are integrated by cold forming, the collar portion is allowed to enter the fixing recess of the lower mold. A method for manufacturing a shafted member, wherein the shaft portion is sized by fitting and an upper die. 前記軸部のサイジング時に、前記つば状部と前記軸部先端面の各中心へそれぞれポンチによりセンター穴を形成することを特徴とする請求項に記載した軸付部材の製造方法。Wherein when the shaft portion of the sizing method of Jikuzuke member according to claim 1, characterized in that to form the center hole by the respective punch to the center of said flange portion the shank tip surface.
JP2000353451A 2000-11-20 2000-11-20 Manufacturing method of shafted member Expired - Lifetime JP4491810B2 (en)

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JP4195079B1 (en) * 2007-07-03 2008-12-10 テクノメタル株式会社 Crankshaft and method for manufacturing the same
JP5884800B2 (en) * 2013-09-18 2016-03-15 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Center hole forming method and forging device
CN110340271A (en) * 2019-07-08 2019-10-18 无锡英沪标准紧固件有限公司 A kind of manufacturing method of compressor crankshaft

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH09276973A (en) * 1996-04-17 1997-10-28 Oomura Seisakusho:Kk Forged product having through-hole and formation of through-hole
JPH11138232A (en) * 1997-11-06 1999-05-25 Toyota Motor Corp Forging method of gear and gear forging method for correcting phase shift
JPH11254084A (en) * 1998-03-17 1999-09-21 Mitsubishi Steel Mfg Co Ltd Formation of pulley shaft with parking gear

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH09276973A (en) * 1996-04-17 1997-10-28 Oomura Seisakusho:Kk Forged product having through-hole and formation of through-hole
JPH11138232A (en) * 1997-11-06 1999-05-25 Toyota Motor Corp Forging method of gear and gear forging method for correcting phase shift
JPH11254084A (en) * 1998-03-17 1999-09-21 Mitsubishi Steel Mfg Co Ltd Formation of pulley shaft with parking gear

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